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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

(Mark One) |  |  |  |
☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended | September 30, 2022 |
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| For the transition period from | _____________ | to | _____________ |

Commission File Number 001-10822
National Health Investors Inc
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland |  | 62-1470956
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
222 Robert Rose Drive |  |
Murfreesboro | Tennessee |  | 37129
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(615) | 890-9100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value | NHI | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐ |
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
There were 43,388,742 shares of common stock outstanding of the registrant as of November 1, 2022.

Table of Contents

| Page
Part I. Financial Information |
Item 1. Financial Statements | 3
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. | 31
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. | 60
Item 4. Controls and Procedures. | 61
Part II. Other Information |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 62
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 62
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 63
Item 6. Exhibits | 64
Signatures | 65

2

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
NATIONAL HEALTH INVESTORS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| (unaudited) |  |
Assets: |  |  |
Real estate properties: |  |  |
Land | $ | 176,795 |  |  | $ | 186,658 |
Buildings and improvements | 2,560,646 |  |  | 2,707,422 |
Construction in progress | 2,835 |  |  | 468 |
| 2,740,276 |  |  | 2,894,548 |
Less accumulated depreciation | (599,423) |  |  | (576,668) |
Real estate properties, net | 2,140,853 |  |  | 2,317,880 |
Mortgage and other notes receivable, net of reserve of $6,940 and $5,210, respectively | 207,169 |  |  | 299,952 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 28,811 |  |  | 37,412 |
Straight-line rent receivable | 81,959 |  |  | 96,198 |
Assets held for sale, net | 32,608 |  |  | 66,398 |
Other assets, net | 17,385 |  |  | 21,036 |
Total Assets | $ | 2,508,785 |  |  | $ | 2,838,876 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity: |  |  |
Debt | $ | 1,114,999 |  |  | $ | 1,242,883 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 22,997 |  |  | 23,181 |
Dividends payable | 39,050 |  |  | 41,266 |
Lease deposit liabilities | — |  |  | 8,838 |
Deferred income | 5,094 |  |  | 5,725 |
Total Liabilities | 1,182,140 |  |  | 1,321,893 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests | 11,197 |  |  | — |
National Health Investors, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity: |  |  |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized |  |  |
43,388,742 and 45,850,599 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | 434 |  |  | 459 |
Capital in excess of par value | 1,598,385 |  |  | 1,591,182 |
Cumulative dividends in excess of net income | (292,449) |  |  | (84,558) |
Total National Health Investors, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity | 1,306,370 |  |  | 1,507,083 |
Noncontrolling interests | 9,078 |  |  | 9,900 |
Total Equity | 1,315,448 |  |  | 1,516,983 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | 2,508,785 |  |  | $ | 2,838,876 |

The accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2021 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date.
3

Table of Contents
NATIONAL HEALTH INVESTORS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (unaudited) |  | (unaudited)
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental income | $ | 59,394 |  |  | $ | 67,043 |  |  | $ | 163,935 |  |  | $ | 210,143 |
Resident fees and services | 12,013 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,005 |  |  | — |
Interest income and other | 4,891 |  |  | 6,790 |  |  | 19,584 |  |  | 18,905 |
| 76,298 |  |  | 73,833 |  |  | 207,524 |  |  | 229,048 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation | 17,533 |  |  | 20,035 |  |  | 53,577 |  |  | 61,499 |
Interest | 11,412 |  |  | 12,715 |  |  | 32,472 |  |  | 38,528 |
Senior housing operating expenses | 9,239 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,352 |  |  | — |
Legal | 88 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 2,254 |  |  | 207 |
Franchise, excise and other taxes | 225 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 694 |  |  | 709 |
General and administrative | 4,744 |  |  | 3,650 |  |  | 17,893 |  |  | 15,229 |
Taxes and insurance on leased properties | 2,358 |  |  | 3,182 |  |  | 7,553 |  |  | 7,519 |
Loan and realty losses | 11,329 |  |  | 22,425 |  |  | 39,951 |  |  | 23,596 |
| 56,928 |  |  | 62,368 |  |  | 172,746 |  |  | 147,287 |
Gains on sales of real estate, net | 14,840 |  |  | 19,941 |  |  | 28,342 |  |  | 26,426 |
Gain (loss) on operations transfer, net | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | (710) |  |  | — |
Gain on note payoff | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,113 |  |  | — |
Loss on early retirement of debt | — |  |  | — |  |  | (151) |  |  | (451) |
(Losses) gains from equity method investment | — |  |  | (557) |  |  | 569 |  |  | (2,274) |
Net income | 34,229 |  |  | 30,849 |  |  | 63,941 |  |  | 105,462 |
Less: net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 239 |  |  | (35) |  |  | 599 |  |  | (135) |
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 34,468 |  |  | $ | 30,814 |  |  | $ | 64,540 |  |  | $ | 105,327 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 44,339,975 |  |  | 45,850,599 |  |  | 45,236,696 |  |  | 45,668,762 |
Diluted | 44,402,582 |  |  | 45,851,424 |  |  | 45,261,123 |  |  | 45,689,091 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to common stockholders - basic | $ | 0.78 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 1.43 |  |  | $ | 2.31 |
Net income attributable to common stockholders - diluted | $ | 0.78 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 1.43 |  |  | $ | 2.31 |

The accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

Table of Contents
NATIONAL HEALTH INVESTORS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (unaudited) |  | (unaudited)
Net income | $ | 34,229 |  |  | $ | 30,849 |  | $ | 63,941 |  |  | $ | 105,462 |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase in fair value of cash flow hedges | — |  |  | (46) |  |  | — |  |  | (128) |
Reclassification for amounts recognized as interest expense | — |  |  | 1,851 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,449 |
Total other comprehensive income | — |  |  | 1,805 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,321 |
Comprehensive income | 34,229 |  |  | 32,654 |  |  | 63,941 |  |  | 110,783 |
Less: comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 239 |  |  | (35) |  |  | 599 |  |  | (135) |
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 34,468 |  |  | $ | 32,619 |  |  | $ | 64,540 |  |  | $ | 110,648 |

The accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

Table of Contents
NATIONAL HEALTH INVESTORS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)

| Nine Months Ended
| September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021
| (unaudited)
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 63,941 |  |  | $ | 105,462 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation | 53,577 |  |  | 61,499 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs, debt discounts and prepaids | 3,216 |  |  | 3,281 |
Amortization of commitment fees and note receivable discounts | (802) |  |  | (645) |
Amortization of lease incentives | 7,477 |  |  | 774 |
Straight-line rent adjustments | 11,360 |  |  | (12,189) |
Non-cash interest income on mortgage and other notes receivable | (3,256) |  |  | (1,351) |
Non-cash lease deposit liability recognized as rental income | (8,838) |  |  | — |
Gains on sales of real estate, net | (28,342) |  |  | (26,426) |
Gain on note payoff | (1,113) |  |  | — |
(Gains) losses from equity method investment | (569) |  |  | 2,274 |
Loss on operations transfer, net | 710 |  |  | — |
Loss on early retirement of debt | 151 |  |  | 451 |
Loan and realty losses | 39,951 |  |  | 23,596 |
Payment of lease incentives | — |  |  | (1,042) |
Non-cash share-based compensation | 7,576 |  |  | 7,427 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Other assets | (4,213) |  |  | (3,138) |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (2,555) |  |  | (2,591) |
Deferred income | 712 |  |  | 119 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 138,983 |  |  | 157,501 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Investments in mortgage and other notes receivable | (30,820) |  |  | (54,887) |
Collections of mortgage and other notes receivable | 117,973 |  |  | 64,509 |
Acquisition of real estate | (4,876) |  |  | (46,817) |
Proceeds from sales of real estate | 168,957 |  |  | 203,147 |
Investments in renovations of existing real estate | (4,132) |  |  | (3,006) |
Investments in equipment | (528) |  |  | (64) |
Distributions from equity method investment | 569 |  |  | 476 |
Net cash provided by investing activities | 247,143 |  |  | 163,358 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from revolving credit facility | 165,000 |  |  | 95,000 |
Payments on revolving credit facility | (155,000) |  |  | (393,000) |
Payments on term loans | (135,290) |  |  | (250,277) |
Proceeds from issuance of senior notes | — |  |  | 396,784 |
Debt issuance costs | (4,607) |  |  | (5,018) |
Equity issuance costs | (21) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net | — |  |  | 47,904 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | (757) |  |  | (692) |
Convertible note redemption | — |  |  | (66,076) |
Dividends paid to stockholders | (122,721) |  |  | (141,632) |
Taxes remitted on employee stock awards | (288) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from redeemable noncontrolling interests | 11,738 |  |  | — |
Payments to repurchase shares of common stock | (151,951) |  |  | — |
Net cash used in financing activities | (393,897) |  |  | (317,007) |
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | (7,771) |  |  | 3,852 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 39,485 |  |  | 46,343 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 31,714 |  |  | $ | 50,195 |

The accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

Table of Contents
NATIONAL HEALTH INVESTORS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
(in thousands)

| Nine Months Ended
| September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021
| (unaudited)
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized | $ | 33,927 |  |  | $ | 34,991 |
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Real estate acquired in exchange for mortgage notes receivable | $ | 9,071 |  |  | $ | — |
Change in other assets related to sales of real estate | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | 12,814 |
Change in accounts payable related to investments in real estate construction | $ | — |  |  | $ | (112) |
Change in accounts payable related to renovations of existing real estate | $ | 208 |  |  | $ | — |
Change in accounts payable related to distributions to noncontrolling interests | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Change in accounts payable related to equity issuance cost | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | — |
Operating equipment received in transfer of operations | $ | 1,287 |  |  | $ | — |
Increase in accounts payable related to transfer of operations | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | — |

The accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
7

Table of Contents
NATIONAL HEALTH INVESTORS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

| Common Stock |  | Capital in Excess of Par Value |  | Cumulative Dividends in Excess of Net Income |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total National Health Investors, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |
Balances at December 31, 2021 | 45,850,599 |  |  | $ | 459 |  |  | $ | 1,591,182 |  |  | $ | (84,558) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,507,083 |  |  | $ | 9,900 |  |  | $ | 1,516,983 |
Distributions declared to noncontrolling interests, excluding $24 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (486) |  |  | (486) |
Total comprehensive income, excluding a loss of $227 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,072 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,072 |  |  | (133) |  |  | 29,939 |
Taxes remitted on employee stock awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14) |  |  | — |  |  | (14) |
Shares issued on stock options exercised | 732 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Repurchases of common stock | (1,196,175) |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | (69,965) |  |  | — |  |  | (69,977) |  |  | — |  |  | (69,977) |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,511 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,511 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,511 |
Dividends declared, $1.80 per common share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (81,455) |  |  | — |  |  | (81,455) |  |  | — |  |  | (81,455) |
Activity for the six months ended June 30, 2022 | (1,195,443) |  |  | (12) |  |  | 6,497 |  |  | (121,348) |  |  | — |  |  | (114,863) |  |  | (619) |  |  | (115,482) |
Distributions declared to noncontrolling interests, excluding $12 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (241) |  |  | (241) |
Total comprehensive income, excluding a loss of $278 attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34,468 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,468 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 34,506 |
Equity issuance costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | (85) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (85) |  |  | — |  |  | (85) |
Taxes remitted on employee stock awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | (274) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (274) |  |  | — |  |  | (274) |
Shares issued on stock options exercised | 5,765 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Repurchases of common stock | (1,272,179) |  |  | (13) |  |  | — |  |  | (81,961) |  |  | — |  |  | (81,974) |  |  | — |  |  | (81,974) |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,065 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,065 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,065 |
Dividends declared, $0.90 per common share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (39,050) |  |  | — |  |  | (39,050) |  |  | — |  |  | (39,050) |
Activity for the three months ended September 30, 2022 | (1,266,414) |  |  | (13) |  |  | 706 |  |  | (86,543) |  |  | — |  |  | (85,850) |  |  | (203) |  |  | (86,053) |
Balances at September 30, 2022 | 43,388,742 |  |  | $ | 434 |  |  | $ | 1,598,385 |  |  | $ | (292,449) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,306,370 |  |  | $ | 9,078 |  |  | $ | 1,315,448 |

The accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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NATIONAL HEALTH INVESTORS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

| Common Stock |  | Capital in Excess of Par Value |  | Cumulative Dividends in Excess of Net Income |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total National Health Investors Stockholders’ Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |
Balances at December 31, 2020 | 45,185,992 |  |  | $ | 452 |  |  | $ | 1,540,946 |  |  | $ | (22,015) |  |  | $ | (7,149) |  |  | $ | 1,512,234 |  |  | $ | 10,711 |  |  | $ | 1,522,945 |
Noncontrolling interests distribution | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (466) |  |  | (466) |
Total comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 74,515 |  |  | 3,516 |  |  | 78,031 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 78,131 |
Equity component in redemption of convertible debt | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,076) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,076) |  |  | — |  |  | (6,076) |
Equity issuance cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | (47) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (47) |  |  | — |  |  | (47) |
Issuance of common stock, net | 661,951 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 47,944 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47,951 |  |  | — |  |  | 47,951 |
Shares issued on stock options exercised | 2,656 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,438 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,438 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,438 |
Dividends declared, $2.0025 per common share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (91,816) |  |  | — |  |  | (91,816) |  |  | — |  |  | (91,816) |
Activity for the six months ended June 30, 2021 | 664,607 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 48,259 |  |  | (17,301) |  |  | 3,516 |  |  | 34,481 |  |  | (366) |  |  | 34,115 |
Noncontrolling interest distribution | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (231) |  |  | (231) |
Total comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,814 |  |  | 1,805 |  |  | 32,619 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 32,654 |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 989 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 989 |  |  | — |  |  | 989 |
Dividends declared, $0.90 per common share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (41,266) |  |  | — |  |  | (41,266) |  |  | — |  |  | (41,266) |
Activity for the three months ended September 30, 2021 | — |  |  | — |  |  | 989 |  |  | (10,452) |  |  | 1,805 |  |  | (7,658) |  |  | (196) |  |  | (7,854) |
Balances at September 30, 2021 | 45,850,599 |  |  | $ | 459 |  |  | $ | 1,590,194 |  |  | $ | (49,768) |  |  | $ | (1,828) |  |  | $ | 1,539,057 |  |  | $ | 10,149 |  |  | $ | 1,549,206 |

The accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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NATIONAL HEALTH INVESTORS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2022
(unaudited)
Note 1. Organization and Nature of Business
National Health Investors, Inc. (“NHI,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”), established in 1991 as a Maryland corporation, is a self-managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”) specializing in sale-leaseback, joint venture, mortgage and mezzanine financing of need-driven and discretionary senior housing and medical facility investments. We operate through two reportable segments: Real Estate Investments and Senior Housing Operating Portfolio (“SHOP”). Our Real Estate Investments segment consists of lease, mortgage and other note investments in independent living facilities (“ILF”), assisted living facilities (“ALF”), entrance-fee communities (“EFC”), senior living campuses (“SLC”), skilled nursing facilities (“SNF”) and a hospital (“HOSP”). As of September 30, 2022, we had investments of approximately $2.4 billion in 162 health care real estate properties located in 32 states and leased pursuant primarily to triple-net leases to 24 lessees consisting of 96 senior housing communities, 65 skilled nursing facilities and one hospital, excluding ten properties classified as assets held for sale. Our portfolio of 13 mortgages along with other notes receivable totaled $214.1 million, excluding an allowance for expected credit losses of $6.9 million, as of September 30, 2022.
Our SHOP segment is comprised of two ventures that own the operations of ILFs. As of September 30, 2022, we had investments of approximately $336.6 million in 15 properties with a combined 1,731 units located in eight states that are operated on behalf of the Company by two independent managers pursuant to the terms of separate management agreements that commenced April 1, 2022. The third-party managers, or related affiliates of the managers, own equity interests in the respective ventures.
Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial statements. In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be achieved for a full year. The condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes do not include all information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual reports. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, included in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
Principles of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries, joint ventures and subsidiaries in which we have a controlling interest. We also consolidate certain entities when control of such entities can be achieved through means other than voting rights (“variable interest entities” or “VIEs”) if the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of such entities. All material intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.
Effective April 1, 2022 and at September 30, 2022, our consolidated total assets and liabilities include two consolidated ventures comprising our SHOP activities formed with two separate partners - Merrill Gardens, L.L.C. (“Merrill”) and DSHI NHI Holiday LLC (the “Discovery member”), a controlled affiliate of Discovery Senior Living. We consider both ventures to be VIEs as either the members, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or there are disproportionate voting rights but substantially all of the activities are performed on behalf of the Company. We are deemed to be the primary beneficiary because we have the ability to control the activities that most significantly impact each VIE’s economic performance. The assets of the ventures primarily consist of real estate properties, cash and cash equivalents, and resident fees and services (accounts receivable). Their obligations primarily consist of operating expenses of the ILFs (accounts payable and accrued expenses) and capital expenditures for the properties. As of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, our redeemable noncontrolling interests relate to these ventures. Assets of the consolidated SHOP ventures that can be used only to settle obligations of each respective SHOP venture primarily include approximately $261.3 million of real estate properties, net, and $9.6 million of cash and cash equivalents. Liabilities of the consolidated SHOP ventures for which creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company are not material. Reference Notes 5 and 9 for further discussion of these new ventures.
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We also consolidate two real estate partnerships formed with our partners, Discovery Senior Housing Investor XXIV, LLC, a controlled affiliate of Discovery Senior Living, and LCS Timber Ridge LLC, to invest in senior housing facilities. We consider both partnerships to be VIEs, based on our determination that the total equity at risk in each is insufficient to finance activities without additional subordinated financial support. NHI directs the activities that most significantly impact economic performance of these ventures, subject to limited protective rights extended to our partners for specified business decisions. Because of our control of these partnerships, we include their assets, liabilities, noncontrolling interests and operations in our consolidated financial statements.
At September 30, 2022, we held interests in nine unconsolidated VIEs, and, because we lack either directly or through related parties the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact their economic performance, we have concluded that the Company is not the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, we account for our transactions with these entities and their subsidiaries at either amortized cost or net realizable value for straight-line rent receivables, excluding our investment accounted for under the equity method.
The Company’s unconsolidated VIEs are summarized below by date of initial involvement. For further discussion of the nature of the relationships, including the sources of exposure to these VIEs, see the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements cross-referenced below ($ in thousands).

Date | Name | Source of Exposure | Carrying Amount | Maximum Exposure to Loss | Note Reference
2014 | Senior Living Communities | Notes and straight-line receivable | $ | 88,237 |  | $ | 94,268 |  | Notes 3, 4
2016 | Senior Living Management | Notes and straight-line receivable | $ | 26,788 |  | $ | 26,788 |  | —
2018 | Bickford Senior Living | Notes and funding commitment | $ | 46,769 |  | $ | 60,246 |  | Notes 3, 4
2019 | Encore Senior Living | Notes and straight-line receivable | $ | 33,688 |  | $ | 53,303 |  | Notes 3, 4
2020 | Timber Ridge OpCo, LLC | Various 1 | $ | (5,000) |  | $ | 5,000 |  | Note 6
2020 | Watermark Retirement | Notes and straight-line receivable | $ | 7,691 |  | $ | 10,715 |  | —
2021 | Montecito Medical Real Estate | Notes and funding commitment | $ | 20,255 |  | $ | 50,000 |  | Note 4
2021 | Vizion Health | Notes and straight-line receivable | $ | 20,064 |  | $ | 22,869 |  | —
2021 | Navion Senior Solutions | Various 2 | $ | 8,038 |  | $ | 13,988 |  | —

1 Loan commitment, equity method investment and straight-line rents receivable
2 Notes, loan commitments, straight-line rents receivable, and unamortized lease incentives
We are not obligated to provide support beyond our stated commitments to these tenants and borrowers whom we classify as VIEs, and accordingly, our maximum exposure to loss as a result of these relationships is limited to the amount of our commitments, as shown above and discussed in the notes. Economic loss on a lease, in excess of what is presented in the table above, if any, would be limited to that resulting from any period of non-payment of rent before we are able to take effective remedial action, as well as costs incurred in transitioning the lease to a new tenant. The potential extent of such loss would be dependent upon individual facts and circumstances, and is therefore not included in the table above.
In the future, NHI may be deemed the primary beneficiary of the operations if the tenants do not have adequate liquidity to accept the risks and rewards as the tenant and operator of the properties and might be required to consolidate the financial position and results of operations of the tenants into our consolidated financial statements.
We use the equity method of accounting when we own an interest in an entity whereby we can exert significant influence over but cannot control the entity’s operations. We discontinue equity method accounting if our investment in an entity (and net advances) is reduced to zero unless we have guaranteed obligations of the entity or are otherwise committed to provide further financial support for the entity. Reference Note 6 for further discussion of our equity method investment.
Noncontrolling Interests
Contingently redeemable noncontrolling interests are recorded at their initial carrying amounts upon issuance and are subsequently adjusted to reflect their share of gains or losses and distributions attributable to the noncontrolling interests. In periods where they are or will become probable of redemption, an adjustment to the redemption value of the noncontrolling interests is also recognized through Capital in excess of par value on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and included in our computation of earnings per share. As of September 30, 2022, these noncontrolling interests were classified as mezzanine equity, as discussed further in Note 9.
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As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the noncontrolling interests associated with our two consolidated real estate partnerships are classified in equity.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash equivalents consist of all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. Restricted cash includes amounts required to be held on deposit or subject to an agreement (e.g., with a qualified intermediary subject to an Internal Revenue Code §1031 exchange agreement or in accordance with agency agreements governing our mortgages).
The following table sets forth our “Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash” reported within the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ($ in thousands):

| September 30, 2022 |  | September 30, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 28,811 |  |  | $ | 48,393 |
Restricted cash (included in Other assets, net) | 2,903 |  |  | 1,802 |
| $ | 31,714 |  |  | $ | 50,195 |

Assets Held for Sale
We consider properties to be assets held for sale when (1) management commits to a plan to sell the property; (2) it is unlikely that the disposal plan will be significantly modified or discontinued; (3) the property is available for immediate sale in its present condition; (4) actions required to complete the sale of the property have been initiated; (5) sale of the property is probable and we anticipate the completed sale will occur within one year; and (6) the property is actively being marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable given our estimate of current market value. Upon designation of a property as an asset held for sale, we record the property’s value at the lower of its carrying value or its estimated fair value, less estimated transaction costs. Depreciation and amortization of the property are discontinued.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We evaluate the recoverability of the carrying amount of our long-lived assets when events or circumstances, including significant physical changes, significant adverse changes in general economic conditions and significant deterioration of the underlying cash flows of the long-lived assets, indicate that the carrying amount of the long-lived assets may not be recoverable. The need to recognize an impairment charge is based on estimated undiscounted future cash flows compared to the carrying amount. If recognition of an impairment charge is necessary, it is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the long-lived asset.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized impairment charges of approximately $9.5 million and $38.3 million, respectively, included in “Loan and realty losses” in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Reference Note 3 for more discussion.
Revenue Recognition
Rental Income - Our leases generally provide for rent escalators throughout the term of the lease. Base rental income is recognized using the straight-line method over the term of the lease to the extent that lease payments are considered collectible and the lease provides for specific contractual escalators. The Company reviews its operating lease receivables for collectibility on a regular basis, taking into consideration changes in factors such as the tenant’s payment history, the financial condition of the tenant, business conditions in which the tenant operates and economic conditions in the area where the property is located. In the event that collectibility with respect to any tenant is not probable, a direct write-off of the receivable is made as an adjustment to rental income and any future rental revenue is recognized only when the tenant makes a rental payment.
During the second quarter of 2022, we placed Bickford Senior Living (“Bickford”) on the cash basis of revenue recognition for lease purposes and recorded write offs of $18.1 million of straight-line rents receivable and $7.1 million of lease incentives related to our Bickford master lease agreements. Reference Note 3 for further discussion.
Resident Fees and Services - Resident fee revenue associated with our SHOP activities is recorded when services are rendered and includes resident room and care charges, community fees and other resident charges. Residency agreements are generally
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short term (30 days to one year), with resident fees billed monthly in advance. Revenue for certain related services is recognized as services are provided and billed monthly in arrears.
Accounting for Lease Modifications related to the Coronavirus Pandemic
In April 2020, the FASB issued a question-and-answer document (the “Lease Modification Q&A”) focused on the application of lease accounting guidance to lease concessions provided as a result of the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic. The Lease Modification Q&A clarifies that entities may elect not to evaluate whether lease-related relief provided to mitigate the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic is a lease modification under Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). Instead, an entity that elects not to evaluate whether a concession directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which does not substantially increase either its rights as lessor or the obligations of the tenant, is a lease modification can decide whether or not to apply the modification guidance. An entity should apply the election consistently to leases with similar characteristics and similar circumstances. We have elected not to apply the modification guidance under ASC 842 and have accounted for qualified rent concessions as variable lease payments when applicable, and recorded as rental income when received. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we provided $10.7 million in lease concessions directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as discussed in more detail in Note 8. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we did not provide any lease concessions directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Income Tax
We intend at all times to qualify as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Accordingly, we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, provided that we continue to qualify as a REIT and make distributions to stockholders at least equal to or in excess of 90% our taxable income. Certain activities that we undertake may be conducted by entities that have elected to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (TRSs). TRSs are subject to federal, state, and local income taxes. Accordingly, a provision for income taxes has been made in the consolidated financial statements. A failure to qualify under the applicable REIT qualification rules and regulations would have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Segments
We operate our business through two reportable segments: Real Estate Investments and SHOP. In our Real Estate Investments segment, we invest in i) senior housing and healthcare real estate and lease those properties to healthcare operating companies under triple-net leases that obligate tenants to pay all property-related expenses and ii) mortgage and other notes receivable throughout the United States. Our SHOP segment is comprised of the operations of 15 ILFs located throughout the United States that are operated on behalf of the Company by two independent managers pursuant to the terms of separate management agreements that commenced April 1, 2022. Reference Notes 5 and 14 for additional information.
Note 3. Investment Activity
Asset Acquisition
In the second quarter of 2022, we acquired a 53-unit assisted living facility located in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, from Encore Senior Living. The acquisition price was $13.3 million and included the full payment of an outstanding construction note receivable to us of $9.1 million, including interest. We have agreed to pay up to $0.8 million in additional cash consideration pending the results of an ongoing property tax appeal. As of September 30, 2022, no amount of this consideration is expected to be paid. We added the facility to an existing master lease for a term of 15 years at an initial lease rate of 7.25%, with an annual escalator of 2.5%.
Asset Dispositions
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we completed the following real estate property dispositions within our Real Estate Investments reportable segment as described below ($ in thousands):
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Operator |  | Date |  | Properties |  | Asset Class |  | Net Proceeds |  | Net Real Estate Investment |  | Gain |  | Impairment 1
Hospital Corporation of America |  | Q1 2022 |  | 1 |  | MOB |  | $ | 4,868 |  |  | $ | 1,904 |  |  | $ | 2,964 |  |  | $ | — |
Vitality Senior Living 2 |  | Q1 2022 |  | 1 |  | SLC |  | 8,302 |  |  | 8,285 |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |
Holiday Retirement (“Holiday”)2 |  | Q2 2022 |  | 1 |  | ILF |  | 2,990 |  |  | 3,020 |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |
Chancellor Senior Living 2 |  | Q2 2022 |  | 2 |  | ALF |  | 7,305 |  |  | 7,357 |  |  | — |  |  | 52 |
Bickford 2 |  | Q2 2022 |  | 3 |  | ALF |  | 25,959 |  |  | 28,268 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,309 |
Comfort Care |  | Q2 2022 |  | 4 |  | ALF |  | 40,000 |  |  | 38,445 |  |  | 1,556 |  |  | — |
Helix Healthcare |  | Q2 2022 |  | 1 |  | HOSP |  | 19,500 |  |  | 10,535 |  |  | 8,965 |  |  | — |
Discovery Senior Living 2 |  | Q3 2022 |  | 2 |  | ALF/SLC |  | 16,379 |  |  | 15,159 |  |  | 1,220 |  |  | — |
National HealthCare Corporation (“NHC”) |  | Q3 2022 |  | 7 |  | SNF |  | 43,686 |  |  | 30,066 |  |  | 13,620 |  |  | — |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 168,989 |  |  | $ | 143,039 |  |  | $ | 28,342 |  |  | $ | 2,391 |

1 Impairments are included in “Loan and realty losses” in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
2 Total impairment charges recognized on these properties were $65.4 million, of which $28.5 million were recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
The disposal transactions for the three Bickford properties in the second quarter of 2022 included $2.4 million in contingent consideration representing cash placed in escrow that will be returned to the buyers to the extent the sold properties generate negative monthly cash flows over the twelve months following from the dates of sale. After the twelve-month period, any remaining funds not distributed will be paid to the Company. We have assessed that it was not probable that any of the escrowed funds would be received by the Company. To the extent this assessment changes, or funds are ultimately received, we will recognize the amount as a gain on the sale of real estate.
Discovery
In the third quarter of 2022, we sold an assisted living facility in Indiana and a senior living campus in Florida for approximately $16.9 million in cash consideration, and incurred $0.5 million of transaction costs, resulting in an approximate gain of $1.2 million. The properties were classified as assets held for sale on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet for the quarter ended June 30, 2022. Prior impairment charges recognized on the properties totaled $23.7 million.
NHC
On September 1, 2022, we sold a portfolio of seven skilled nursing facilities in New Hampshire and Massachusetts for approximately $44.4 million in net cash consideration, and incurred $0.7 million of transaction costs. These properties were leased to NHC pursuant to a master lease agreement dated August 30, 2013 with an original maturity date of August 31, 2028 that was terminated upon completion of the sale. The properties were classified as assets held for sale on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet for the quarter ended June 30, 2022. Rental income was $0.6 million and $2.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $0.9 million and $2.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. In connection with the sale of this portfolio, we amended the master lease for 35 facilities dated October 17, 1991 by and between NHI and NHC/OP, L.P., an affiliate of NHC that is discussed below in “Tenant Concentration.”
Assets Held for Sale and Long-Lived Assets
At September 30, 2022, ten properties in our Real Estate Investments reportable segment, with an aggregate net real estate balance of $32.6 million, were classified as assets held for sale on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, including six properties that were transferred into assets held for sale during the third quarter of 2022. Rental income associated with the ten properties was $1.1 million and $2.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $1.2 million and $3.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded impairment charges of $9.5 million and $38.3 million, respectively, including $5.7 million on two properties held in use, related to our Real Estate Investments reportable segment. The impairment charges are included in “Loan and realty losses” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
We reduce the carrying value of impaired properties to their estimated fair value or, with respect to the properties classified as held for sale, to estimated fair value less costs to sell. To estimate the fair values of the properties, we utilized a market approach
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which considered binding agreements for sales (Level 1 inputs), non-binding offers to purchase from unrelated third parties and/or broker quotes of estimated values (Level 3 inputs), and/or independent third-party valuations (Level 1 and 3 inputs).
Tenant Concentration
The following table contains information regarding tenant concentration, excluding $2.6 million for our corporate office, $336.6 million for SHOP, and a credit loss reserve of $6.9 million, based on the percentage of revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, related to tenants or affiliates of tenants, that exceed 10% of total revenues ($ in thousands):

| as of September 30, 2022 |  | Revenues 1 |
| Asset |  | Gross Real |  | Notes |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
| Class |  | Estate 2 |  | Receivable |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Senior Living Communities | EFC |  | $ | 573,631 |  |  | $ | 46,669 |  |  | $ | 38,325 |  | 18% |  | $ | 38,094 |  | 17%
NHC | SNF |  | 133,770 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,875 |  | 13% |  | 28,290 |  | 12%
Bickford 3 | ALF |  | 412,304 |  |  | 46,422 |  |  | N/A | N/A |  | 26,224 |  | 11%
Holiday 3 | ILF |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A | N/A |  | 22,811 |  | 10%
All others, net | Various |  | 1,313,238 |  |  | 121,018 |  |  | 109,766 |  | 53% |  | 106,110 |  | 46%
Escrow funds from tenants |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
for property operating expenses | Various |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,553 |  | 4% |  | 7,519 |  | 4%
|  |  | $ | 2,432,943 |  |  | $ | 214,109 |  |  | 183,519 |  |  |  | 229,048 |  |
Resident fees and services 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24,005 |  | 12% |  | — |  | —%
|  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 207,524 |  |  |  | $ | 229,048 |  |

1 Includes interest income on notes receivable and rental income from properties classified as held for sale.
2 Amounts include any properties classified as held for sale.
3 Below 10% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Therefore, revenues are included in All others, net.
4 There is no tenant concentration in resident fees and services because these agreements are with individual residents.
At September 30, 2022, the two states in which we had an investment concentration of 10% or more were South Carolina (12.1%) and Texas (11.1%).
Senior Living Communities
As of September 30, 2022, we leased ten retirement communities to Senior Living Communities, LLC (“Senior Living”). We recognized straight-line rent revenue of $0.1 million and $0.3 million from Senior Living for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $0.7 million and $1.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
NHC
Effective September 1, 2022, we amended the master lease dated October 17, 1991, as previously amended by and between NHI and NHC/OP, L.P., an affiliate of NHC, for 35 facilities. This amendment was executed concurrently with the sale of a portfolio of seven skilled nursing facilities as described above and increases the annual base rent due each year through the expiration of the master lease on December 31, 2026. The annual base rent prior to the amendment was $30.8 million and was increased to $34.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, with credit given for rent paid in 2022 related to the sold portfolio. In addition to the base rent, NHC will continue to pay any additional rent and percentage rent as required by the master lease.
Two of our board members, including our chairman, are also members of NHC’s board of directors.
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Bickford Senior Living
As of September 30, 2022, we leased 36 facilities, excluding two facilities classified as assets held for sale, under four leases to Bickford. Revenues from Bickford reflect the impact of pandemic-related rent concessions of approximately $5.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $3.5 million and $13.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we did not provide any lease concessions to Bickford.
In the second quarter of 2022, we wrote off approximately $18.1 million of straight-line rents receivable and $7.1 million of lease incentives, that were included in “Other assets, net” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, to rental income upon converting Bickford to the cash basis of accounting. These write offs were the result of a change in our evaluation of collectability of future rent payments due under its four master lease agreements based upon information we obtained from Bickford regarding its financial condition that raised substantial doubt as to its ability to continue as a going concern. Cash rent received from Bickford for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $7.1 million and $17.0 million, respectively.
In addition to the three properties sold that are included in the asset dispositions table above, we completed various restructuring activities in the Bickford leased property portfolio during the first and second quarters of 2022. In March 2022, we transferred one assisted living facility located in Pennsylvania from the Bickford portfolio to a new operator that is leased pursuant to a ten-year triple net lease and wrote off approximately $0.7 million in a straight-line rent receivable, reducing rental income. In the second quarter of 2022, we restructured and amended three of Bickford’s master lease agreements covering 27 properties and reached agreement on the repayment terms of the $26.0 million in outstanding pandemic-related deferrals. Significant terms of these agreements are as follows:
• Extends the maturity dates of the modified leases to 2033 and 2035. The remaining master lease agreement covering 11 properties with an original maturity in 2023 was previously extended to 2028.
• Reduces the combined rent for the portfolio to approximately $28.3 million per year through April 1, 2024, subject to a nominal annual increase, at which time the rent will be reset to a fair market value, not less than 8.0% of our initial gross investment.
• Requires monthly payments beginning October 2022 through December 2024 based on a percentage of Bickford’s monthly revenues exceeding an established threshold. The deferrals may be reduced by up to $6.0 million upon Bickford achieving certain performance targets and the sale or transition of certain properties to new operators.
Tenant Purchase Options
Certain of our leases contain purchase options allowing tenants to acquire the leased properties. At September 30, 2022, we had tenant purchase options on three properties with an aggregate net investment of $60.1 million that will become exercisable between 2027 and 2028. Rental income from these properties with tenant purchase options was $1.8 million and $5.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $1.7 million and $5.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
We cannot reasonably estimate at this time the probability that any purchase options will be exercised in the future. Consideration to be received from the exercise of any tenant purchase option is expected to exceed our net investment in the leased property or properties.
Future Minimum Base Rent
Future minimum lease payments to be received by us under our operating leases at September 30, 2022, are as follows ($ in thousands):
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Remainder of 2022 | $ | 47,241 |
2023 | 183,792 |
2024 | 183,825 |
2025 | 186,425 |
2026 | 189,282 |
2027 | 149,849 |
Thereafter | 599,001 |
| $ | 1,539,415 |

Variable Lease Payments
Most of our existing leases contain annual escalators in rent payments. For financial statement purposes, rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease where the lease contains fixed escalators. Some of our leases contain escalators that are determined annually based on a variable index or other factors that is indeterminable at the inception of the lease. The table below indicates the revenue recognized as a result of fixed and variable lease escalators ($ in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Lease payments based on fixed escalators, net of deferrals | $ | 53,394 |  |  | $ | 59,027 |  |  | $ | 172,767 |  |  | $ | 188,008 |
Lease payments based on variable escalators | 1,224 |  |  | 1,288 |  |  | 2,452 |  |  | 3,201 |
Straight-line rent income | 2,476 |  |  | 3,798 |  |  | (11,360) |  |  | 12,189 |
Escrow funds received from tenants for property operating expenses | 2,358 |  |  | 3,182 |  |  | 7,553 |  |  | 7,519 |
Amortization and write-off of lease incentives | (58) |  |  | (252) |  |  | (7,477) |  |  | (774) |
Rental income | $ | 59,394 |  |  | $ | 67,043 |  |  | $ | 163,935 |  |  | $ | 210,143 |

Note 4. Mortgage and Other Notes Receivable
At September 30, 2022, our investments in mortgage notes receivable totaled $130.6 million secured by real estate and other assets of the borrower (e.g., UCC liens on personal property) related to 13 facilities and other notes receivable totaling $83.5 million, substantially all of which are guaranteed by significant parties to the notes or by cross-collateralization of properties with the same owner. These balances exclude a credit loss reserve of $6.9 million at September 30, 2022. All our notes were on full accrual basis at September 30, 2022.
Mortgage and Other Notes Receivable
Life-Care Services - Sagewood
In the second quarter of 2022, we received repayment of a $111.3 million mortgage note receivable along with all accrued interest and a prepayment fee of $1.1 million which is reflected in “Gain on note payoff” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Interest income was $5.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and $2.4 million and $8.1 million, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
Encore Senior Living
In January 2022, we entered into an agreement to fund a $28.5 million development loan with Encore Senior Living to construct a 108-unit assisted living and memory care community in Fitchburg, Wisconsin. The four-year loan agreement has an annual interest rate of 8.5% and two one-year extensions. We have a purchase option on the property once it has stabilized. The total amount funded on the note was $8.7 million as of September 30, 2022.
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Montecito Medical Real Estate
We have a $50.0 million mezzanine loan and security agreement with Montecito Medical Real Estate for a fund that invests in medical real estate, including medical office buildings, throughout the United States. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we funded $4.5 million on two real estate investments. As of September 30, 2022, we have funded $20.3 million of our commitment that was used to acquire nine medical office buildings for a combined purchase price of approximately $86.7 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we received interest of $0.5 million and $1.3 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we received principal of $0.3 million.
The loan agreement was modified in April 2022, so that these two real estate investments accrue interest at an annual rate of 7.5% that is paid monthly in arrears and 4.5% per year in interest to be paid upon certain future events including repayments, sales of fund investments, and refinancings (the “Deferred Interest”). Prior borrowings under the loan agreement bear interest at an annual rate of 9.5% and accrue an additional 2.5% in Deferred Interest. Funds drawn in accordance with this agreement are required to be repaid on a per-investment basis five years from deployment of the funds for the applicable investment and includes two one-year extensions.
Bickford construction and mortgage loans
As part of the June 2021 sale of six properties to Bickford, we executed a $13.0 million second mortgage as a component of the purchase price consideration. This second mortgage note receivable bears interest at a 10% annual rate and matures in April 2026. Interest income was $0.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. We did not include this note receivable in the determination of the gain to be recognized upon sale of the portfolio. Therefore, this note receivable is not reflected in “Mortgage and other notes receivable, net” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
As of September 30, 2022, we had two fully funded construction loans of $28.7 million and one $14.2 million construction loan with $13.8 million funded to Bickford. The construction loans are secured by first mortgage liens on substantially all real and personal property as well as a pledge of any and all leases or agreements which may grant a right of use to the property. Usual and customary covenants extend to the agreements, including the borrower’s obligation for payment of insurance and taxes. NHI has a fair market value purchase option on the properties at stabilization of the underlying operations. On certain development projects, Bickford, as borrower, is entitled to up to $2.0 million per project in incentives based on the achievement of predetermined operational milestones and, if funded, will increase NHI's future purchase price and eventual NHI lease payment.
We also have a mortgage loan of $4.0 million to Bickford due February 2025, bearing interest at 7%, that amortizes on a twenty-five-year basis.
Senior Living Communities
We provided a $20.0 million revolving line of credit to Senior Living whose borrowings under the revolver are to be used for working capital needs and to finance construction projects within its portfolio, including building additional units. Beginning January 1, 2023, availability under the revolver reduces to $15.0 million. The revolver matures in December 2029 at the time of lease maturity. At September 30, 2022, the $14.0 million outstanding under the facility bears interest at 9.83% per annum, the prevailing 10-year U.S. Treasury rate plus 6%.
The Company also has a mortgage loan of $32.7 million with Senior Living that originated in July 2019 for the acquisition of a 248-unit continuing care retirement community (“CCRC”) in Columbia, South Carolina. The mortgage loan is for a term of five years with two one-year extensions and carries an interest rate of 7.25%. Additionally, the loan conveys to NHI a purchase option at a stated minimum price of $38.3 million, subject to adjustment for market conditions.
Credit Loss Reserve
Our principal measures of credit quality, except for construction mortgages, are debt service coverage for amortizing loans and interest or fixed charge coverage for non-amortizing loans, collectively referred to as “Coverage.” A Coverage ratio provides a measure of the borrower’s ability to make scheduled principal and interest payments. The Coverage ratios presented in the following table have been calculated utilizing the most recent date for which data is available, June 30, 2022, using EBITDARM (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, rent and management fees) and the requisite debt service, interest service or fixed charges, as defined in the applicable loan agreement. We categorize Coverage into three levels: (i) more than 1.5x, (ii) between 1.0x and 1.5x, and (iii) less than 1.0x. We update the calculation of Coverage on a quarterly basis. Coverage is
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not a meaningful credit quality indicator for construction mortgages as either these developments are not generating any operating income, or they have insufficient operating income as occupancy levels necessary to stabilize the properties have not yet been achieved. We measure credit quality for these mortgages by considering the construction and stabilization timeline and the financial condition of the borrower as well as economic and market conditions. As of September 30, 2022, we did not have any construction loans that we considered underperforming.
We consider the guidance in ASC 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension or renewal constitutes a current period origination. The credit quality indicator as of September 30, 2022, is presented below for the amortized cost, net by year of origination of ($ in thousands):

| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | Prior | Total
Mortgages |  |  |  |  |  |  |
more than 1.5x | $ | 8,571 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 36,173 |  | $ | 32,700 |  | $ | 14,000 |  | $ | 4,106 |  | $ | 95,550 |
between 1.0x and 1.5x | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 14,700 |  | — |  | 14,700 |
less than 1.0x | — |  | — |  | 3,890 |  | 6,423 |  | — |  | 10,000 |  | 20,313 |
| 8,571 |  | — |  | 40,063 |  | 39,123 |  | 28,700 |  | 14,106 |  | 130,563 |
Mezzanine |  |  |  |  |  |  |
more than 1.5x | — |  | 19,195 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 19,195 |
between 1.0x and 1.5x | — |  | 23,978 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 9,178 |  | 33,156 |
less than 1.0x | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 14,500 |  | 14,500 |
No coverage available | — |  | — |  | — |  | 750 |  | — |  | — |  | 750 |
| — |  | 43,173 |  | — |  | 750 |  | — |  | 23,678 |  | 67,601 |
Revolver |  |  |  |  |  |  |
more than 1.5x |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,976 |
between 1.0x and 1.5x |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,969 |
less than 1.0x |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 15,945 |
|  |  |  |  | Credit loss reserve | (6,940) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 207,169 |

Due to the economic uncertainty created by the COVID-19 pandemic and the continuing challenges in financial markets and the potential impact on the collectability of our mortgages and other notes receivable, we forecasted a 20% increase in the probability of a default and a 20% increase in the amount of loss from a default resulting in an effective adjustment of 44%.
The allowance for expected credit losses is presented in the following table for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in thousands):

Beginning balance January 1, 2022 | $ | 5,210 |
Provision for expected credit losses | 1,730 |
Balance September 30, 2022 | $ | 6,940 |

Note 5. Senior Housing Operating Portfolio Formation Activities
Concurrently with the settlement of the outstanding litigation with Welltower discussed more fully in Note 8, we terminated the master lease with a Welltower-controlled subsidiary for the legacy Holiday properties effective April 1, 2022 and transitioned the operations of 15 ILFs from the Welltower-controlled tenant into two new ventures. These new ventures, consolidated by the Company, are structured to comply with REIT requirements and utilize the TRS for activities that would otherwise be non-qualifying for REIT purposes. The properties in each venture are operated by a property manager in exchange for a management fee. The equity structure of these ventures is comprised of 65% and 35% preferred and common equity interests, respectively. The Company owns 100% of the preferred equity interests in these ventures and an aggregate blended common equity interest of 89%. As of September 30, 2022, the annual fixed preferred return was approximately $10.2 million. Additionally, the managers, or affiliates of the managers, own common equity interests in their respective ventures. Given certain provisions of the operating
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agreements, including provisions related to a Company change in control, the noncontrolling interests associated with the ventures were determined to be contingently redeemable, as discussed further in Note 9. Each venture is discussed in more detail below.
Merrill Gardens Managed Portfolio
We transferred six ILFs located in California and Washington into a consolidated venture with Merrill. Merrill contributed $10.6 million in cash for its common equity interest in the venture. The operating agreement includes additional contingent distributions to the partners based on the attainment of certain yields on investment calculated on an annual basis.
The properties are managed by Merrill pursuant to a management agreement with an initial term through March 2032 that automatically renews on a year-to-year basis thereafter unless terminated by either party with notice. The management agreement entitles Merrill to a base management fee of 5% of net revenue and a real estate services fee of 5% of real estate costs incurred during any calendar year that exceed $1,000 times the number of units at each facility.
Discovery Managed Portfolio
We transferred nine ILFs located in Arkansas, Georgia, Ohio, Oklahoma, New Jersey, and South Carolina into a consolidated venture with the Discovery member. The Discovery member contributed $1.1 million in cash for its common equity interest in the venture. The operating agreement includes additional contingent distributions to the partners based on the attainment of certain yields on investment calculated on an annual basis.
The properties are managed by separate controlled affiliates of Discovery pursuant to management agreements with an initial term through March 2032 that automatically renews on a year-to-year basis thereafter unless terminated by either party with notice. The management agreement entitles the managers to a base management fee of 5% of net revenue.
Note 6. Equity Method Investment
Our initial $0.9 million investment in the operating company, Timber Ridge OpCo, LLC (“Timber Ridge OpCo”) held by our TRS arose in conjunction with the acquisition of a CCRC from LCS-Westminster Partnership III, LLP in January 2020. We structured our arrangement with our JV partner, LCS Timber Ridge LLC, to be compliant with the provisions of the REIT Investment Diversification and Empowerment Act of 2007. Accordingly, the TRS holds our 25% equity interest in Timber Ridge OpCo, which permits the TRS to engage in activities and share in cash flows that would otherwise be non-qualifying income under the REIT gross income test. As part of our investment, we provided Timber Ridge OpCo a revolving credit facility of up to $5.0 million of which no funds have been drawn.
We account for our investment in Timber Ridge OpCo under the equity method and decrease the carrying value of our investment for losses in the entity and distributions to NHI for cumulative amounts up to and including our basis plus any commitments to fund operations. Our commitments are currently limited to the additional $5.0 million under the revolving credit facility. As of September 30, 2022, we have recognized our share of Timber Ridge OpCo’s operating losses in excess of our initial investment. These cumulative losses of $5.0 million in excess of our original basis are included in “Accounts payable and accrued expenses” in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Excess unrecognized equity method losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $0.9 million and $2.6 million, respectively. Cumulative unrecognized losses were $4.8 million through September 30, 2022. We recognized gains of approximately $0.6 million, representing cash distributions received for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and losses of approximately $0.6 million and $2.3 million related to our investment in Timber Ridge OpCo for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
The Timber Ridge property is subject to early resident mortgages secured by a Deed of Trust and Indenture of Trust (the “Deed and Indenture”). As part of our acquisition, NHI-LCS JV I, LLC (“Timber Ridge PropCo”) acquired the Timber Ridge property and a subordination agreement was entered into pursuant to which the trustee acknowledged and confirmed that the security interests created under the Deed and Indenture were subordinate to any security interests granted in connection with the loan made by NHI to Timber Ridge PropCo. In addition, by terms of the resident loan assumption agreement, during the term of the lease (seven years with two renewal options), Timber Ridge OpCo is to indemnify Timber Ridge PropCo for any repayment by Timber Ridge PropCo of these liabilities under the guarantee. As a result of the subordination and resident loan assumption agreements, no liability has been recorded as of September 30, 2022. The balance secured by the Deed and Indenture was $14.7 million at September 30, 2022.
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Note 7. Debt
Debt consists of the following ($ in thousands):

| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Revolving credit facility - unsecured | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Bank term loans - unsecured | 240,000 |  |  | 375,000 |
Senior notes - unsecured, net of discount of $2,680 and $2,921 | 397,320 |  |  | 397,079 |
Private placement term loans - unsecured | 400,000 |  |  | 400,000 |
Fannie Mae term loans - secured, non-recourse | 76,748 |  |  | 77,038 |
Unamortized loan costs | (9,069) |  |  | (6,234) |
| $ | 1,114,999 |  |  | $ | 1,242,883 |

Aggregate principal maturities of debt as of September 30, 2022 are as follows ($ in thousands):

Remainder of 2022 | $ | 99 |
2023 | 415,408 |
2024 | 75,425 |
2025 | 125,816 |
2026 | 10,000 |
2027 | 100,000 |
Thereafter | 400,000 |
| 1,126,748 |
Less: discount | (2,680) |
Less: unamortized loan costs | (9,069) |
| $ | 1,114,999 |

Unsecured revolving credit facility and bank term loans
On March 31, 2022, we entered into a new unsecured revolving credit agreement (the “2022 Credit Agreement”) providing us with a $700.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility, replacing our previous $550.0 million unsecured revolver. The 2022 Credit Agreement matures in March 2026, but may be extended at our option, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, for two additional six-month periods. Borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement bear interest, at our election, at either (i) Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) (plus a credit spread adjustment) plus a margin ranging from 0.725% to 1.40%, (ii) Daily SOFR (plus a credit spread adjustment) plus a margin ranging from 0.725% to 1.40% or (iii) the base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.40%. In each election, the actual margin is determined according to our credit ratings. The base rate means, for any day, a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the highest of (i) the Agent’s prime rate, (ii) the federal funds rate on such day plus 0.50% or (iii) the adjusted Term SOFR for a one-month tenor in effect on such day plus 1.0%.
In addition, the 2022 Credit Agreement requires a facility fee equal to 0.125% to 0.30%, based on our rating. We incurred $4.5 million of deferred costs in connection with the 2022 Credit Agreement which are included as a component of “Debt” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2022.
Concurrently with the execution of the 2022 Credit Agreement, we amended our $300.0 million term loan, maturing in September 2023 (“2023 Term Loan”). The amendment modifies the existing covenants to align with provisions in the 2022 Credit Agreement and to accrue interest on borrowings based on SOFR (plus a credit spread adjustment) that were previously based on LIBOR, with no change to the existing applicable interest rate margins. We may also elect for the 2023 Term Loan to accrue interest at a base rate plus the applicable margin. As of September 30, 2022, we repaid $60.0 million of the 2023 Term Loan.
In March 2022, we repaid a $75.0 million term loan maturing August 2022 with proceeds from the revolving credit facility. The term loan bore interest at a rate of 30-day LIBOR (with a 50 basis point floor) plus 185 basis points (“bps”), based on our current leverage ratios. Upon repayment, we expensed approximately $0.2 million of unamortized loan costs associated with this
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loan which is included in “Loss on early retirement of debt” in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
The revolving facility fee was 25 bps per annum during the third quarter of 2022 and based on our current credit ratings, the facility provided for floating interest on the revolver and the term loans at SOFR CME Term Option one-month loan (plus a 10 bps spread adjustment) plus 105 bps and 125 bps. At September 30, 2022, the SOFR CME Term Option one-month was 304 bps.
At September 30, 2022, we had $690.0 million available to draw on the revolving portion of our credit facility, subject to usual and customary covenants. Among other stipulations, the unsecured credit facility agreement requires that we maintain certain financial ratios within limits set by our creditors. At September 30, 2022, we were in compliance with these ratios.
Pinnacle Bank is a participating member of our banking group. A member of NHI’s Board of Directors and chairman of our audit committee is also the chairman of Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc., the holding company for Pinnacle Bank. NHI’s local banking transactions are conducted primarily through Pinnacle Bank.
Senior Notes 2031
In January 2021, we issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.00% senior notes that mature on February 1, 2031 and pay interest semi-annually (the “2031 Senior Notes”). We used a portion of the net proceeds from the 2031 Senior Notes offering to repay a $100.0 million term loan and recognized a loss on early retirement of debt of $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, representing the unamortized loan costs expensed upon early repayment of the term loan.
The 2031 Senior Notes are subject to affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants. As of September 30, 2022, we were in compliance with all affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants for our 2031 Senior Notes borrowings.
Private Placement Term Loans
Our unsecured private placement term loans, payable interest-only, are summarized below ($ in thousands):

Amount |  | Inception |  | Maturity |  | Fixed Rate
$ | 125,000 |  |  | January 2015 |  | January 2023 |  | 3.99%
50,000 |  |  | November 2015 |  | November 2023 |  | 3.99%
75,000 |  |  | September 2016 |  | September 2024 |  | 3.93%
50,000 |  |  | November 2015 |  | November 2025 |  | 4.33%
100,000 |  |  | January 2015 |  | January 2027 |  | 4.51%
$ | 400,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Covenants pertaining to the private placement term loans are generally conformed with those governing our credit facility, except for specific debt-coverage ratios that are more restrictive. Our unsecured private placement term loan agreements include a rate increase provision that is effective if any rating agency lowers our credit rating on our senior unsecured debt below investment grade and our compliance leverage increases to 50% or more.
Fannie Mae Term Loans
As of September 30, 2022, we had $60.1 million Fannie Mae term-debt financing, originating March 2015, consisting of interest-only payments at an annual rate of 3.79% and a 10-year maturity. The mortgages are non-recourse and secured by eleven properties leased to Bickford. In a December 2017 acquisition, we assumed additional Fannie Mae debt that amortizes through 2025 when a balloon payment will be due, is subject to prepayment penalties until 2024, bears interest at a nominal rate of 4.6%, and has a remaining balance of $16.6 million at September 30, 2022. Collectively, these notes are secured by facilities having a net book value of $105.2 million at September 30, 2022.
Interest Expense and Rate Swap Agreements
The following table summarizes interest expense ($ in thousands):
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| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Interest expense on debt at contractual rates | $ | 10,821 |  |  | $ | 10,234 |  |  | $ | 30,640 |  |  | $ | 31,055 |
Losses reclassified from accumulated other |  |  |  |  |  |  |
comprehensive income into interest expense | — |  |  | 1,851 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,449 |
Capitalized interest | (18) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (28) |  |  | (40) |
Amortization of debt issuance costs, debt discount and other | 609 |  |  | 636 |  |  | 1,860 |  |  | 2,064 |
Total interest expense | $ | 11,412 |  |  | $ | 12,715 |  |  | $ | 32,472 |  |  | $ | 38,528 |

On December 31, 2021, our $400.0 million interest rate swap agreements matured that were in place to hedge against fluctuations in variable interest rates applicable to our bank loans.
Note 8. Commitments, Contingencies and Uncertainties
In the normal course of business, we enter into a variety of commitments, typically consisting of funding revolving credit arrangements, construction and mezzanine loans to our operators to conduct expansions and acquisitions for their own account, and commitments for the funding of construction for expansion or renovation to our existing properties under lease. In our leasing operations, we offer to our tenants and to sellers of newly acquired properties a variety of inducements that originate contractually as contingencies but which may become commitments upon the satisfaction of the contingent event. Contingent payments earned will be included in the respective lease bases when funded.
As of September 30, 2022, we had working capital, construction and mezzanine loan commitments to five operators for $173.6 million, of which we had funded $109.7 million toward these commitments.
As provided above, loans funded do not include the effects of discounts or commitment fees.
As of September 30, 2022, we had $33.5 million of development commitments for construction and renovation for nine properties of which we had funded $24.2 million toward these commitments. In addition to these commitments, we have agreed to pay up to $0.8 million in additional cash consideration pending the results of an ongoing property tax appeal related to a property acquired in the second quarter of 2022. As of September 30, 2022, no amount of this consideration is expected to be paid. Discovery PropCo has committed to fund up to $2.0 million toward the purchase of condominium units located at one of the facilities of which $1.0 million had been funded as of September 30, 2022.
As of September 30, 2022, we had $28.6 million of contingent lease inducement commitments in seven lease agreements which are generally based on the performance of facility operations and may or may not be met by the tenant. At September 30, 2022, we had funded $1.5 million toward these commitments.
The credit loss liability for unfunded loan commitments is estimated using the same methodology as for our funded mortgage and other notes receivable based on the estimated amount that we expect to fund. We applied the same COVID-19 pandemic adjustments as discussed in Note 4.
The liability for expected credit losses on our unfunded loans reflected in “Accounts payable and accrued expenses” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is presented in the following table for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in thousands):

Beginning balance January 1, 2022 | $ | 955 |
Provision for expected credit losses | (50) |
Balance at September 30, 2022 | $ | 905 |

COVID-19 Pandemic Contingencies
Since the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020, the continually evolving pandemic has resulted in a widespread health crisis adversely affecting governments, businesses, and financial markets. The COVID-19
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pandemic and related health and safety measures continue to impact the operations of many of the Company’s tenants, operators and borrowers. The federal government has provided economic assistance and other forms of assistance which mitigated to some extent the negative financial impact of the pandemic for certain of our tenants and operators who are eligible.
When applicable, we have accounted for rent concessions as variable lease payments, recorded as rental income when received, in accordance with the FASB's Lease Modification Q&A. Reference Note 2 for further discussion. We will evaluate any rent deferral requests as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic on a tenant-by-tenant basis. The extent of future concessions we make as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which could have a material impact on our future operating results, cannot be reasonably or reliably projected by us at this time.
As of September 30, 2022, aggregate pandemic-related rent concessions granted to tenants that have been accounted for as variable lease payments totaled approximately $53.2 million, net of cumulative repayments of $0.3 million and excluding any interest accrued. Of this total, net rent deferrals that are contractually agreed to be repaid are $47.3 million. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we did not grant any pandemic-related rent deferrals. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we granted pandemic-related rent deferrals of $9.2 million to seven tenants. In addition, we granted rent abatements in the first quarter of 2022 to Bickford of approximately $1.5 million. Repayments of rent deferrals during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $0.2 million.
Rent deferrals granted for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 totaled approximately $5.8 million and $19.9 million, respectively, of which Bickford accounted for approximately $3.5 million and $13.8 million, respectively.
Litigation
Our facilities are subject to claims and suits in the ordinary course of business. Our lessees and borrowers have indemnified, and are obligated to continue to indemnify us, against all liabilities arising from the operation of the facilities, and are further obligated to indemnify us against environmental or title problems affecting the real estate underlying such facilities. In addition, such claims may include, among other things professional liability and general liability claims, as well as regulatory proceedings related to our SHOP segment where we are the holder of the applicable healthcare license. While there may be lawsuits pending against us and certain of the owners and/or lessees of the facilities, management believes that the ultimate resolution of all such pending proceedings will have no direct material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Welltower, Inc.
In June 2021, Welltower announced that it would acquire certain assets from the senior housing portfolio of Holiday, a privately held senior living management company, that included 17 senior living facilities governed by a master lease originally executed between a Holiday subsidiary and NHI in 2013. We received no rent due under the master lease from the tenant for these facilities after this change in tenant ownership occurred in late July 2021.
On December 20, 2021, NHI and its subsidiaries NHI-REIT of Next House, LLC, Myrtle Beach Retirement Resident LLC, and Voorhees Retirement Residence LLC filed suit against Welltower, Inc., Welltower Victory II TRS LLC, and Well Churchill Leasehold Owner LLC (collectively the "Defendants") in the Delaware Court of Chancery (Case No. 2021-1097-MTZ). In the litigation, we contended that the Defendants repeatedly failed to honor their legal obligations to NHI. In particular, we asserted that the Defendants acquired assets from a third party, Holiday, that included leases to NHI senior living facilities and fraudulently induced NHI to consent to the assignment of the leases, and then immediately failed to pay rent or provide a promised security agreement that was intended to secure against their default, all as part of an effort to pressure NHI to agree to new conditions outside the assignment agreement or force a sale of the properties to the Defendants. The lawsuit further asserted that the Defendants owed unpaid contractual rent.
In connection with a memorandum of understanding between the parties dated March 4, 2022, NHI applied the remaining approximately $8.8 million lease deposit to past due rents in the first quarter of 2022. Also, as provided by the memorandum of understanding, Welltower transferred approximately $6.9 million to an escrow account to be released upon satisfactory transition of the facility operations and mutual dismissal of the lawsuit. NHI and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a settlement agreement dated March 31, 2022 with Defendants formalizing the terms to settle the lawsuit.
NHI and certain of its subsidiaries terminated the master lease with Well Churchill Leasehold Owner, LLC as successor in interest to NHI Master Tenant LLC, effective April 1, 2022, upon completion of the transition of the properties subject to the master lease, as follows: (i) one property was sold to a third party, (ii) one property was transitioned to an existing operator
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relationship and leased pursuant to an existing master lease, and (iii) the remaining 15 properties were transitioned into two new SHOP partnership ventures. See Note 5 for more information on these new ventures.
Also effective April 1, 2022, the parties agreed to dismiss the lawsuit and mutually release all claims related to or arising out of the litigation and the $6.9 million in escrowed funds were released to NHI and recognized as rental income during the second quarter of 2022. We recognized approximately $0.7 million as a “Gain (loss) on operations transfer, net” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income during the second quarter of 2022 with an immaterial true-up being recognized during the third quarter of 2022. This net loss represents the amount of net working capital deficit assumed by NHI in connection with the transfer of operations following the termination of the master lease. The net working capital assumed by NHI on April 1, 2022 was comprised primarily of facility furniture, fixtures and equipment, net resident accounts receivable, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities.
Note 9. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Interests held by Merrill and the Discovery member in the SHOP ventures are noncontrolling interests. Certain provisions within the operating agreements of the ventures provide the noncontrolling interest holders with put rights upon certain contingent events that are not solely within the control of the Company. Therefore, these noncontrolling interests were determined to be contingently redeemable and are presented as “Redeemable noncontrolling interests” in the mezzanine section between Total liabilities and Stockholders’ equity on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2022.
At inception, the Company recorded noncontrolling interests of $11.7 million, representing the initial carrying amount of the noncontrolling interest holders’ ownership interests in the ventures. The redeemable noncontrolling interests are not currently redeemable and we concluded a contingent redemption event is not probable to occur as of September 30, 2022. Consequently, the noncontrolling interests will not be subsequently remeasured to its redemption amount until such contingency event and the related redemption are probable to occur. We will continue to reflect the attribution of gains or losses to the redeemable noncontrolling interests each quarter.
The following table presents the change in Redeemable noncontrolling interests for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in thousands):

| Nine Months Ended
| September 30, 2022
Balance at January 1, | $ | — |
Initial carrying amount | 11,738 |
Net loss | (505) |
Distributions | (36) |
Balance at September 30, | $ | 11,197 |

Note 10. Equity and Dividends
Share Repurchase Plan
On April 15, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan (the “2022 Repurchase Plan”) for up to $240.0 million of the Company’s common stock. The plan is effective for a period of one year. Shares may be repurchased from time-to-time in open market transactions at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions or by other means in accordance with the terms of Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended and shall be made in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations in effect. The timing and number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including price, general market and economic conditions, alternative investment opportunities and other corporate considerations.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we repurchased through open market transactions 1,272,179 and 2,468,354 shares of our common stock, respectively, for an average price of $64.44 and $61.56 per share, respectively, excluding commissions. All shares received were constructively retired upon receipt, and the excess of the purchase price over the par value per share was recorded to “Cumulative dividends in excess of net income” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
As of September 30, 2022, we had approximately $88.4 million remaining under the 2022 Repurchase Plan.
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Dividends
The following table summarizes dividends declared by the Board of Directors or paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Date of Declaration |  | Date of Record |  | Date Paid/Payable |  | Quarterly Dividend
November 5, 2021 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | January 31, 2022 |  | $0.90
February 16, 2022 |  | March 31, 2022 |  | May 6, 2022 |  | $0.90
May 6, 2022 |  | June 30, 2022 |  | August 5, 2022 |  | $0.90
August 5, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022 |  | November 4, 2022 |  | $0.90

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Date of Declaration |  | Date of Record |  | Date Paid/Payable |  | Quarterly Dividend
December 15, 2020 |  | December 31, 2020 |  | January 29, 2021 |  | $1.1025
March 12, 2021 |  | March 31, 2021 |  | May 7, 2021 |  | $1.1025
June 3, 2021 |  | June 30, 2021 |  | August 6, 2021 |  | $0.90
August 3, 2021 |  | September 30, 2021 |  | November 5, 2021 |  | $0.90

On November 6, 2022, the Board of Directors declared a $0.90 per share dividend to common stockholders of record on December 30, 2022, payable on January 27, 2023.
Note 11. Share-Based Compensation
The Company’s outstanding stock incentive awards have been granted under two incentive plans – the 2012 Stock Incentive Plan (“2012 Plan”) and the 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (“2019 Plan”). During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we granted options to purchase 0.7 million shares of common stock under the 2019 Plan. As of September 30, 2022, shares available for future grants totaled 1.4 million under the 2019 Plan. The following is a summary of share-based compensation expense, net of any forfeitures, included in “General and administrative expenses” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income ($ in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Non-cash share-based compensation expense | $ | 1,065 |  |  | $ | 989 |  |  | $ | 7,576 |  |  | $ | 7,427 |

The weighted average fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $11.92 and $14.54 per option, respectively. The fair value of each grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

| 2022 |  | 2021
Dividend yield | 7.0% |  | 6.7%
Expected volatility | 49.3% |  | 48.1%
Expected lives | 2.9 years |  | 2.9 years
Risk-free interest rate | 1.75% |  | 0.33%

The following table summarizes our outstanding stock options:
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|  |  |  |  | Weighted Average |  |
| Number |  | Weighted Average |  | Remaining |  |
| of Shares |  | Exercise Price |  | Contractual Life (Years) |  |
Options outstanding, January 1, 2021 | 1,033,838 |  |  | $83.54 |  |  |  |
Options granted | 652,000 |  |  | $69.20 |  |  |  |
Options exercised | (20,000) |  |  | $60.52 |  |  |  |
Options outstanding, September 30, 2021 | 1,665,838 |  |  | $78.20 |  |  |  |
Exercisable at September 30, 2021 | 1,183,324 |  |  | $79.25 |  |  |  |
Options outstanding, January 1, 2022 | 1,652,505 |  |  | $78.10 |  |  |  |
Options granted | 718,000 |  |  | $53.62 |  |  |  |
Options exercised | (56,832) |  |  | $53.41 |  |  |  |
Options forfeited | (23,000) |  |  | $62.33 |  |  |  |
Options expired | (74,498) |  |  | $77.93 |  |  |  |
Options outstanding, September 30, 2022 | 2,216,175 |  |  | $70.97 |  | 3.06 |  |
Exercisable at September 30, 2022 | 1,695,155 |  |  | $74.73 |  | 2.75 |  |

At September 30, 2022, the aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and exercisable was $2.0 million and $0.9 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $0.1 million or $4.94 per share; and $0.2 million or $9.27 per share, respectively.
As of September 30, 2022, unrecognized compensation expense totaling $2.7 million associated with unvested stock options is expected to be recognized over the following periods: remainder of 2022 - $1.0 million, 2023 - $1.5 million and 2024 - $0.2 million.
Note 12. Earnings Per Common Share
The weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period is used to calculate basic earnings per common share. Diluted earnings per common share assume the exercise of stock options and the conversion of our convertible debt prior to its retirement using the treasury stock method, to the extent dilutive. Dilution resulting from the conversion option within our convertible debt that was repaid in April 2021 was determined by computing an average of incremental shares included in the three months ended March 31, 2021 diluted EPS computation.
The following table summarizes the average number of common shares and the net income used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share ($ in thousands, except share and per share amounts):
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| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 34,468 |  |  | $ | 30,814 |  |  | $ | 64,540 |  |  | $ | 105,327 |
BASIC: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 44,339,975 |  |  | 45,850,599 |  |  | 45,236,696 |  |  | 45,668,762 |
DILUTED: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 44,339,975 |  |  | 45,850,599 |  |  | 45,236,696 |  |  | 45,668,762 |
Stock options | 62,607 |  |  | 825 |  |  | 24,427 |  |  | 6,391 |
Convertible senior notes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,938 |
Weighted average dilutive common shares outstanding | 44,402,582 |  |  | 45,851,424 |  |  | 45,261,123 |  |  | 45,689,091 |
Net income attributable to common stockholders - basic | $ | 0.78 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 1.43 |  |  | $ | 2.31 |
Net income attributable to common stockholders - diluted | $ | 0.78 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 1.43 |  |  | $ | 2.31 |
Incremental anti-dilutive shares excluded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net share effect of stock options with an exercise price in excess of the average market price for our common shares | 390,159 |  |  | 505,459 |  |  | 501,183 |  |  | 308,313 |
Regular dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.90 |  |  | $ | 0.90 |  |  | $ | 2.70 |  |  | $ | 2.9025 |

Note 13. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments that are not carried at fair value at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows ($ in thousands):

| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value Measurement
| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Level 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Variable rate debt | $ | 245,357 |  |  | $ | 373,682 |  |  | $ | 250,000 |  |  | $ | 375,000 |
Fixed rate debt | $ | 869,642 |  |  | $ | 869,201 |  |  | $ | 776,372 |  |  | $ | 858,124 |
Level 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage and other notes receivable, net | $ | 207,169 |  |  | $ | 299,952 |  |  | $ | 205,460 |  |  | $ | 314,821 |

Fixed rate debt. Fixed rate debt is classified as Level 2 and its value is based on quoted prices for similar instruments or calculated utilizing model derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable in active markets.
Mortgage and other notes receivable. The fair value of mortgage and other notes receivable is based on credit risk and discount rates that are not observable in the marketplace and therefore represents a Level 3 measurement.
Carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. The fair values of our borrowings under our revolving credit facility and other variable rate debt are reasonably estimated at their notional amounts at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, due to the predominance of floating interest rates, which generally reflect market conditions.
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Note 14. Segment Reporting
We evaluate our business and make resource allocations on our two operating segments: Real Estate Investments and SHOP. Our Real Estate Investments includes lease, mortgage and other note investments in independent living facilities, assisted living facilities, entrance-fee communities, senior living campuses, skilled nursing facilities and a hospital. Under the Real Estate Investment segment, we invest in senior housing and health care real estate through acquisition and financing of primarily single- tenant properties. Properties acquired are primarily leased under triple-net leases, and we are not involved in the management of the property. SHOP includes multi-tenant independent living facilities. The SHOP properties and related operations are controlled by the Company and are operated by property managers in exchange for a management fee (reference Note 5).
We formed the SHOP segment effective April 1, 2022 upon termination of the triple-net lease for the legacy Holiday portfolio at which time the operations and properties of 15 ILFs were transferred into two separate ventures, as discussed further in Notes 5 and 8. The results associated with the prior triple-net lease structure for these properties are included in the Real Estate Investments segment and the results from operating these SHOP properties after the transition are included in our new SHOP segment. There is no impact to prior year’s presentation.
Our chief operating decision maker evaluates performance based upon segment NOI. We define NOI as total revenues, less tenant reimbursements and property operating expenses. We use NOI to make decisions about resource allocations and to assess the property level performance of our properties. There were no intersegment transactions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were approximately $7.6 million for the Real Estate Investments segment and $1.8 million for the SHOP segment.
Non-segment revenue consists mainly of other income. Non-segment assets consist of corporate assets including cash, deferred loan expenses and corporate offices and equipment among others. Non-property specific revenues and expenses are not allocated to individual segments in determining NOI.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies (see Note 2). The results of operations for all acquisitions described in Notes 3 and 4 are included in our consolidated results of operations from the acquisition dates and are components of the appropriate segments.
Summary information for the reportable segments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 is as follows ($ in thousands):

For the three months ended September 30, 2022: | Real Estate Investment |  | SHOP |  | Non-segment/Corporate |  | Total
Rental income | $ | 59,394 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 59,394 |
Resident fees and services | — |  |  | 12,013 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,013 |
Interest income and other | 4,820 |  |  | — |  |  | 71 |  |  | 4,891 |
Total revenues | 64,214 |  |  | 12,013 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 76,298 |
Senior housing operating expenses | — |  |  | 9,239 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,239 |
Taxes and insurance on leased properties | 2,358 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,358 |
NOI | 61,856 |  |  | 2,774 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 64,701 |
Depreciation | 15,390 |  |  | 2,129 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 17,533 |
Interest | 837 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,575 |  |  | 11,412 |
Legal | — |  |  | — |  |  | 88 |  |  | 88 |
Franchise, excise and other taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | 225 |  |  | 225 |
General and administrative | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,744 |  |  | 4,744 |
Loan and realty losses | 11,329 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,329 |
Gains on sales of real estate, net | (14,840) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,840) |
Gain on operations transfer | (19) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19) |
Net Income (loss) | $ | 49,159 |  |  | $ | 645 |  |  | $ | (15,575) |  |  | $ | 34,229 |
Total assets | $ | 2,214,475 |  |  | $ | 290,708 |  |  | $ | 3,602 |  |  | $ | 2,508,785 |

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2022: | Real Estate Investment |  | SHOP |  | Non-segment/Corporate |  | Total
Rental income | $ | 163,935 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 163,935 |
Resident fees and services | — |  |  | 24,005 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,005 |
Interest income and other | 19,362 |  |  | — |  |  | 222 |  |  | 19,584 |
Total revenues | 183,297 |  |  | 24,005 |  |  | 222 |  |  | 207,524 |
Senior housing operating expenses | — |  |  | 18,352 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,352 |
Taxes and insurance on leased properties | 7,553 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,553 |
NOI | 175,744 |  |  | 5,653 |  |  | 222 |  |  | 181,619 |
Depreciation | 49,282 |  |  | 4,245 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 53,577 |
Interest | 2,371 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,101 |  |  | 32,472 |
Legal | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,254 |  |  | 2,254 |
Franchise, excise and other taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | 694 |  |  | 694 |
General and administrative | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,893 |  |  | 17,893 |
Loan and realty losses | 39,951 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,951 |
Gains on sales of real estate, net | (28,342) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (28,342) |
Loss on operations transfer, net | 710 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 710 |
Gain on note payoff | (1,113) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,113) |
Loss on early retirement of debt | — |  |  | — |  |  | 151 |  |  | 151 |
Gains from equity method investment | (569) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (569) |
Net Income (loss) | $ | 113,454 |  |  | $ | 1,408 |  |  | $ | (50,921) |  |  | $ | 63,941 |

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Forward Looking Statements
References throughout this document to “NHI” or the “Company” include National Health Investors, Inc., and its consolidated subsidiaries. In accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s “Plain English” guidelines, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q has been written in the first person. In this document, the words “we”, “our”, “ours” and “us” refer only to National Health Investors, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries and not any other person. Unless the context indicates otherwise, references herein to “the Company” include all of our consolidated subsidiaries.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other materials we have filed or may file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as information included in oral statements made, or to be made, by our senior management contain certain “forward-looking” statements as that term is defined by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements regarding our expected future financial position, results of operations, cash flows, funds from operations, continued performance improvements, ability to service and refinance our debt obligations, ability to finance growth opportunities, and similar statements including, without limitation, those containing words such as “may,” “will,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “estimates,” “plans,” and other similar expressions, are forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results in future periods to differ materially from those projected or contemplated in the forward-looking statements as a result of factors including, but not limited to, the following:
* Actual or perceived risks associated with public health epidemics or outbreaks, such as the coronavirus (“COVID-19”), have had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations;
* We depend on the operating success of our tenants and borrowers for collection of our lease and note payments;
* We are exposed to the risk that our tenants and borrowers may become subject to bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings;
* Certain tenants in our portfolio account for a significant percentage of the rent we expect to generate from our portfolio, and the failure of any of these tenants to meet their obligations to us could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders;
* We are exposed to risks related to governmental regulations and payors, principally Medicare and Medicaid, and the effect that changes to government regulation or reimbursement rates would have on our tenants’ and borrowers’ business;
* We are exposed to the risk that the cash flows of our tenants and borrowers would be adversely affected by increased liability claims and liability insurance costs;
* We are exposed to the risk that we may not be fully indemnified by our lessees and borrowers against future litigation;
* We are subject to risks of damage from catastrophic weather and other natural or man-made disasters and the physical effects of climate change;
* We depend on the success of property development and construction activities, which may fail to achieve the operating results we expect;
* We are exposed to the risk that the illiquidity of real estate investments could impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties;
* We are exposed to risks associated with our investments in unconsolidated entities, including our lack of sole decision-making authority and our reliance on the financial condition of other interests;
* We are subject to additional risks related to healthcare operations associated with our investments in unconsolidated entities, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations;
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* We are subject to risks associated with our joint venture investment with Life Care Services for Timber Ridge, an entrance fee continuing care retirement community, associated with Type A benefits offered to the residents of the joint venture's entrance fee community and related accounting requirements;
*We may be exposed to operational risks with respect to our Senior Housing Operating Portfolio (“SHOP”) structured communities;
* If our efforts to maintain the privacy and security of Company information are not successful, we could incur substantial costs and reputational damage, and could become subject to litigation and enforcement actions;
* We are exposed to risks related to environmental laws and the costs associated with liabilities related to hazardous substances;
* We depend on the success of our future acquisitions and investments;
* We depend on our ability to reinvest cash in real estate investments in a timely manner and on acceptable terms;
* Competition for acquisitions may result in increased prices for properties;
* We are exposed to the risk that our assets may be subject to impairment charges;
* We may need to refinance existing debt or incur additional debt in the future, which may not be available on terms acceptable to us;
* We have covenants related to our indebtedness that impose certain operational limitations and a breach of those covenants could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations;
* Downgrades in our credit ratings could have a material adverse effect on our cost and availability of capital;
* We depend on revenues derived mainly from fixed rate investments in real estate assets, while a portion of our debt used to finance those investments bears interest at variable rates;
* We depend on the ability to continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
*We depend on our key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed and our ability to identify, recruit and retain skilled personnel;
*Our ownership of and relationship with any TRSs that we have formed or will form will be limited and a failure to comply with the limits would jeopardize our REIT status and may result in the application of a 100% excise tax;
* Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive acquisition opportunities or liquidate otherwise attractive investments, which could materially hinder our performance;
* Legislative, regulatory, or administrative changes could adversely affect us or our security holders;
* We have ownership limits in our charter with respect to our common stock and other classes of capital stock which may delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or might otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders; and
* We are subject to certain provisions of Maryland law and our charter and bylaws that could hinder, delay or prevent a change in control transaction, even if the transaction involves a premium price for our common stock or our stockholders believe such transaction to be otherwise in their best interests.
See the notes to the annual audited consolidated financial statements in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, “Business” and “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1 and Item 1A therein and “Risk Factors” under Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a further discussion of these and of various governmental regulations and other operating factors relating to the healthcare industry and the risk factors inherent in them. You should carefully consider these risks before making any investment decisions in the Company. These risks and uncertainties are not the only ones facing the
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Company. There may be additional risks that we do not presently know of and or that we currently deem immaterial. If any of the risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our shares of stock could decline and you may lose part or all of your investment. Given these risks and uncertainties, we can give no assurance that these forward-looking statements will, in fact, occur and, therefore, caution investors not to place undue reliance on them.
Executive Overview
National Health Investors, Inc., established in 1991 as a Maryland corporation, is a self-managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”) specializing in sale leaseback, joint venture, mortgage and mezzanine financing of need-driven and discretionary senior housing and medical facility investments. We operate through two reportable business segments: Real Estate Investments and SHOP. Our Real Estate Investments segment consists of real estate investments and mortgage and other notes receivables in independent living facilities, assisted living facilities, entrance-fee communities, senior living campuses, skilled nursing facilities and a specialty hospital. We fund our real estate investments primarily through: (1) operating cash flow, (2) debt offerings, including bank lines of credit and term debt, both unsecured and secured, and (3) the sale of equity securities. Our SHOP segment is comprised of the operations of 15 independent living facilities (“ILFs”) that provide residential living and other services for residents located throughout the United States that are operated on behalf of the Company by two independent managers pursuant to the terms of separate management agreements. The third-party managers, or related affiliates of the managers, own equity interests in the respective ventures.
Real Estate Investment Portfolio
As of September 30, 2022, we had investments in real estate and mortgage and other notes receivable involving 175 facilities located in 32 states. These investments involve 106 senior housing properties, 68 skilled nursing facilities and one hospital, excluding ten properties classified as assets held for sale. These investments consisted of properties with an original cost of approximately $2.4 billion, rented under primarily triple-net leases to 24 lessees, and $214.1 million aggregate carrying value of mortgage and other notes receivable, excluding an allowance for expected credit losses of $6.9 million, due from ten borrowers.
We classify all of the properties in our Real Estate Investments portfolio as either senior housing or medical properties. Because our leases represent different underlying revenue sources and result in differing risk profiles, we further classify our senior housing communities as either need-driven (assisted living and memory care communities and senior living campuses) or discretionary (independent living and entrance-fee communities).
Senior Housing – Need-Driven includes assisted living and memory care communities (“ALF”) and senior living campuses (“SLC”) which primarily attract private payment for services from residents who require assistance with activities of daily living. Need-driven properties are subject to regulatory oversight.
Senior Housing – Discretionary includes ILF and entrance-fee communities (“EFC”) which primarily attract private payment for services from residents who are making the lifestyle choice of living in an age-restricted multi-family community that offers social programs, meals, housekeeping and in some cases access to healthcare services. Discretionary properties are subject to limited regulatory oversight. There is a correlation between demand for this type of community and the strength of the housing market.
Medical Facilities within our portfolio receive payment primarily from Medicare, Medicaid and health insurance. These properties include skilled nursing facilities (“SNF”) and a specialty hospital that attract patients who have a need for acute or complex medical attention, preventative medicine, or rehabilitation services. Medical properties are subject to state and federal regulatory oversight and, in the case of hospitals, Joint Commission accreditation.
Senior Housing Operating Portfolio Structure
Effective April 1, 2022, 15 senior housing ILFs previously part of the legacy Holiday Retirement (“Holiday”) properties were transferred from a triple-net lease to two separate ventures comprising our SHOP portfolio, which represents a new reportable segment. These ventures own the underlying independent living operations in which NHI has majority interests and are structured to comply with REIT requirements that utilize the TRS for activities that would otherwise be non-qualifying for REIT purposes. These properties are operated by two third-party property managers that manage our communities in exchange for the receipt of a management fee, and as such, we are not directly exposed to the credit risk of the property managers in the same manner or to the same extent as we are to our triple-net tenants. However, we rely on the property managers’ personnel, expertise, technical resources and information systems, proprietary information, good faith and judgment to manage our communities efficiently and
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effectively. We also rely on the property managers to set appropriate resident fees and otherwise operate our communities in compliance with the terms of our management agreements and all applicable laws and regulations. As of September 30, 2022, our SHOP portfolio consisted of 15 ILFs with a combined 1,731 units located in eight states. The following tables summarize our portfolio, excluding $2.6 million for our corporate office and a credit loss reserve of $6.9 million, as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in thousands):

Real Estate Investments and SHOP Portfolio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Properties |  | Beds/Units |  | NOI 1 |  | % Total |  | Investment
Real Estate Properties |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Senior Housing - Need-Driven |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Assisted Living | 68 |  |  | 3,657 |  |  | $ | 8,133 |  |  | 4.5 | % |  | $ | 703,667 |
|  | Senior Living Campus | 10 |  |  | 1,359 |  |  | 11,449 |  |  | 6.3 | % |  | 245,989 |
|  | Total Senior Housing - Need-Driven | 78 |  |  | 5,016 |  |  | 19,582 |  |  | 10.8 | % |  | 949,656 |
| Senior Housing - Discretionary |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Independent Living | 7 |  |  | 862 |  |  | 22,210 |  |  | 12.2 | % |  | 107,236 |
|  | Entrance-Fee Communities | 11 |  |  | 2,707 |  |  | 46,305 |  |  | 25.5 | % |  | 745,944 |
|  | Total Senior Housing - Discretionary | 18 |  |  | 3,569 |  |  | 68,515 |  |  | 37.7 | % |  | 853,180 |
|  | Total Senior Housing | 96 |  |  | 8,585 |  |  | 88,097 |  |  | 48.5 | % |  | 1,802,836 |
| Medical Facilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Skilled Nursing Facilities | 65 |  |  | 8,653 |  |  | 59,127 |  |  | 32.6 | % |  | 557,996 |
|  | Hospitals | 1 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 3,068 |  |  | 1.7 | % |  | 40,250 |
|  | Total Medical Facilities | 66 |  |  | 8717 |  | 62,195 |  |  | 34.3 | % |  | 598,246 |
| Current Year Disposals and Held for Sale |  |  |  |  | 6,092 |  |  | 3.4 | % |  |
|  | Total Real Estate Properties | 162 |  |  | 17,302 |  |  | 156,384 |  |  | 86.2 | % |  | 2,401,082 |
Mortgage and Other Notes Receivable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Senior Housing - Need-Driven | 9 |  |  | 620 |  |  | 5,519 |  |  | 3.0 | % |  | 93,757 |
| Senior Housing - Discretionary | 1 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 1,778 |  |  | 1.0 | % |  | 32,700 |
| Skilled Nursing Facilities | 3 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 285 |  |  | 0.2 | % |  | 4,106 |
| Other Notes Receivable | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,296 |  |  | 3.5 | % |  | 83,546 |
| Current Year Note Payoffs | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,482 |  |  | 3.0 | % |  | — |
|  | Total Mortgage and Other Notes Receivable | 13 |  |  | 1,048 |  |  | 19,360 |  |  | 10.7 | % |  | 214,109 |
SHOP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Independent Living | 15 |  | 1,731 |  |  | 5,653 |  |  | 3.1 | % |  | 336,643 |
|  | Total | 190 |  | 20,081 |  |  | $ | 181,397 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,951,834 |
1 Excludes Non-segment/Corporate NOI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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Portfolio Summary | Properties |  |  |  | NOI |  | % Portfolio |  | Investment
| Real Estate Properties | 162 |  |  |  |  | $ | 156,384 |  |  | 86.2 | % |  | $ | 2,401,082 |
| Mortgage and Other Notes Receivable | 13 |  |  |  |  | 19,360 |  |  | 10.7 | % |  | 214,109 |
| SHOP | 15 |  |  |  |  | 5,653 |  |  | 3.1 | % |  | 336,643 |
|  | Total Portfolio | 190 |  |  |  |  | $ | 181,397 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 2,951,834 |
Portfolio by Operator Type |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Public | 55 |  |  |  |  | $ | 45,162 |  |  | 27.5 | % |  | $ | 411,740 |
| National Chain (Privately Owned) | 1 |  |  |  |  | 23,777 |  |  | 14.5 | % |  | 134,892 |
| Regional | 106 |  |  |  |  | 89,357 |  |  | 54.4 | % |  | 1,918,707 |
| Small | 13 |  |  |  |  | 5,874 |  |  | 3.6 | % |  | 149,852 |
Current Year Disposals and Held for Sale |  |  |  |  | 6,092 |  |  |  |  |
Current Year Note Payoffs |  |  |  |  | 5,482 |  |  |  |  |
|  | Total Real Estate Investments Portfolio | 175 |  |  |  |  | 175,744 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 2,615,191 |
SHOP | 15 |  |  |  |  | 5,653 |  |  |  |  | 336,643 |
|  | Total Portfolio | 190 |  |  |  |  | $ | 181,397 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,951,834 |

The following table summarizes the geographic concentration of NOI of our portfolio, excluding Non-segment/Corporate NOI, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively ($ in thousands).

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
Location |  | 2022 |  | 2021
South Carolina |  | $ | 25,369 |  |  | $ | 25,356 |
Texas |  | 21,124 |  |  | 20,903 |
Florida |  | 18,727 |  |  | 22,118 |
Washington |  | 10,733 |  |  | 12,814 |
California |  | 6,230 |  |  | 10,375 |
All others |  | 99,214 |  |  | 129,963 |
NOI |  | $ | 181,397 |  |  | $ | 221,529 |

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, operators of facilities in our Real Estate Investments portfolio who provided 3% or more and collectively 61% of our total revenues were (parent company, in alphabetical order): Discovery Senior Living; Encore Senior Living; Health Services Management; Holiday; Life Care Services; NHC; Senior Living Communities; and The Ensign Group.
As of September 30, 2022, our average effective annualized NOI for the Real Estate Investments reportable segment was $9,252 per bed for SNFs, $14,832 per unit for SLCs, $13,875 per unit for ALFs, excluding the non-cash write off of Bickford’s straight-line rents receivable and lease incentives discussed below in “Tenant Concentration”, $9,581 per unit for ILFs, $22,842 per unit for EFCs and $63,899 per bed for hospitals. As of September 30, 2022, our average effective annualized NOI per unit for the SHOP reportable segment was $13,064.
Substantially all of our revenues and sources of cash flows from operations are rents paid under operating leases for real estate, revenues under resident agreements and interest earned on mortgages and notes receivable. These revenues represent a primary source of liquidity to fund our distributions to stockholders and depend upon the performance of the operators. Operating difficulties experienced by our operators and managers could have a material adverse effect on their ability to meet their financial and other contractual obligations to us, as well as on our results of operations. We monitor operator performance through periodic reviews of operating results for each facility, covenant compliance and property inspections, among other activities.
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COVID-19 Pandemic
Since the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 a pandemic on March 11, 2020, the continually evolving pandemic has resulted in a widespread health crisis adversely affecting governments, businesses, and financial markets. The COVID-19 pandemic and related health and safety measures continue to impact the operations of many of the Company’s tenants, operators and borrowers. The federal government has provided economic assistance and other forms of assistance which mitigated to some extent the negative financial impact of the pandemic for certain of our tenants and operators who are eligible.
Revenues from our SHOP ventures and the revenues for our borrowers and tenants of our leased properties are dependent on occupancy. With the reduction in COVID-19 cases and their severity, most of the protective measures put in place have been eliminated or reduced significantly, allowing a greater focus on new admissions and related marketing efforts. Future occupancy rates may be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, including the possibility of new COVID variants, increased resident move-outs, re-implementation of restrictions on new resident move-ins, and the possibility of potential residents foregoing or delaying a move.
Operating expenses of our SHOP ventures and those of our tenants of our leased properties may also be negatively impacted as a result of the additional enhanced health and safety precautions implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These expenses may remain elevated as these additional precautions become standard practice. A decrease in occupancy or increase in costs could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and on the ability of our tenants of our leased properties and borrowers to meet their financial and other contractual obligations to us, including the payments of rent, interest and principal.
When applicable, we have accounted for rent concessions as variable lease payments, recorded as rental income when received, in accordance with the FASB's Lease Modification Q&A. Reference Note 2 for further discussion. We will evaluate any rent deferral requests as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic on a tenant-by-tenant basis. The extent of future concessions we make as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which could have a material impact on our future operating results, cannot be reasonably or reliably projected by us at this time.
In the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we granted approximately $10.7 million in rent concessions related to the pandemic that have been accounted for as variable lease payments, net of repayments of $0.2 million and excluding any interest accrued. Since the beginning of the pandemic, aggregate pandemic-related rent concessions granted to tenants that have been accounted for as variable lease payments totaled approximately $53.2 million, net of cumulative repayments of $0.3 million and excluding any interest accrued. Of this total, net rent deferrals that are contractually agreed to be repaid are $47.3 million.
We anticipate that some tenants may need additional rent deferrals. The timing and amount of any additional deferrals cannot yet be determined. Reference Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more discussion on the Bickford lease restructure and agreement to repay outstanding pandemic-related rent deferrals.
See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding the risks presented by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from the information provided in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 other than the following items resulting from our SHOP transition.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and subsidiaries in which we have a controlling interest. We also consolidate certain entities when control of such entities can be achieved through means other than voting rights if the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of such entities. We make judgments about which entities are variable interest entities (“VIEs”) based on an assessment of whether (i) the total equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support, (ii) as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk do not have a controlling financial interest, or (iii) the equity investors have voting rights that are not proportional to their economic interests, and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve, or are conducted on behalf of, an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights. Additionally, we make judgments with respect to our level of influence or control of an entity and whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE. These considerations include, but are not limited to,
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our power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance, the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could be significant to the entity, and our ability and the rights of other investors to participate in policy making decisions, replace the manager and/or liquidate the entity. Our ability to correctly determine the primary beneficiary of a VIE at inception of our involvement impacts the presentation of these entities in our consolidated financial statements.
2022 Activity
•On April 1, 2022, we received $6.9 million in previously escrowed funds upon settlement and dismissal of the Welltower litigation related to the master lease for the legacy Holiday portfolio. Concurrently with the settlement and dismissal, we transitioned 15 of the legacy Holiday ILFs into two separate ventures that own the underlying independent living operations, forming our new SHOP segment.
•During second quarter of 2022, we converted Bickford to the cash basis of accounting for its four master lease agreements, and wrote off approximately $18.1 million of straight-line rents receivable and $7.1 million of lease incentives to rental income.
•During the first and second quarter of 2022, we agreed to fund a $28.5 million development loan and acquired one 53-unit ALF for approximately $13.3 million with Encore Senior Living.
•During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we disposed of one ALF, one SLC and seven SNFs from our Real Estate Investments segment for net proceeds of $60.1 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we disposed of 22 facilities from our Real Estate Investments segment for net proceeds of $169.0 million.
•In the second quarter of 2022, we received repayment of a $111.3 million mortgage note receivable.
•During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we repurchased through open market transactions 2.5 million shares of our common stock for an average price of $61.56 per share, excluding commissions.
Since January 1, 2022, we have completed or announced the following real estate or note investments:
Encore Senior Living
In the second quarter of 2022, we acquired a 53-unit ALF located in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, from Encore Senior Living. The acquisition price was $13.3 million and included the full payment of an outstanding construction note receivable to us of $9.1 million, including interest. We have agreed to pay up to $0.8 million in additional cash consideration pending the results of an ongoing property tax appeal. As of September 30, 2022, no amount of this consideration is expected to be paid. We added the facility to an existing master lease for a term of 15 years at an initial lease rate of 7.25%, with an annual escalator of 2.5%.
In January 2022, we entered into an agreement to fund a $28.5 million development loan with Encore Senior Living to construct a 108-unit assisted living and memory care community in Fitchburg, Wisconsin. The four-year loan agreement has an annual interest rate of 8.5% and two one-year extensions. We have a purchase option on the property once it has stabilized. The total amount funded on the note was $8.7 million as of September 30, 2022.
Asset Dispositions
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we completed the following real estate property dispositions within our Real Estate Investments reportable segment as described below ($ in thousands):
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Operator |  | Date |  | Properties |  | Asset Class |  | Net Proceeds |  | Net Real Estate Investment |  | Gain |  | Impairment 1
Hospital Corporation of America |  | Q1 2022 |  | 1 |  | MOB |  | $ | 4,868 |  |  | $ | 1,904 |  |  | $ | 2,964 |  |  | $ | — |
Vitality Senior Living 2 |  | Q1 2022 |  | 1 |  | SLC |  | 8,302 |  |  | 8,285 |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |
Holiday 2 |  | Q2 2022 |  | 1 |  | ILF |  | 2,990 |  |  | 3,020 |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |
Chancellor Senior Living 2 |  | Q2 2022 |  | 2 |  | ALF |  | 7,305 |  |  | 7,357 |  |  | — |  |  | 52 |
Bickford 2,3 |  | Q2 2022 |  | 3 |  | ALF |  | 25,959 |  |  | 28,268 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,309 |
Comfort Care |  | Q2 2022 |  | 4 |  | ALF |  | 40,000 |  |  | 38,445 |  |  | 1,556 |  |  | — |
Helix Healthcare |  | Q2 2022 |  | 1 |  | HOSP |  | 19,500 |  |  | 10,535 |  |  | 8,965 |  |  | — |
Discovery Senior Living 2 |  | Q3 2022 |  | 2 |  | ALF/SLC |  | 16,379 |  |  | 15,159 |  |  | 1,220 |  |  | — |
National HealthCare Corporation (“NHC”) |  | Q3 2022 |  | 7 |  | SNF |  | 43,686 |  |  | 30,066 |  |  | 13,620 |  |  | — |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 168,989 |  |  | $ | 143,039 |  |  | $ | 28,342 |  |  | $ | 2,391 |

1 Impairments are included in “Loan and realty losses” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
2 Total impairment charges recognized on these properties were $65.4 million, of which $28.5 million were recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
3 As of September 30, 2022, the net proceeds from these disposals exclude approximately $2.4 million in contingent consideration. Reference Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more information.
Reference Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more detail on third quarter 2022 dispositions.
Notes Receivable Repayment
In the second quarter of 2022, we received repayment of a $111.3 million mortgage note receivable along with all accrued interest and a prepayment fee of approximately $1.1 million which is reflected in “Gain on note payoff” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Interest income was $5.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and $2.4 million and $8.1 million, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
Assets Held for Sale and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
At September 30, 2022, ten properties in our Real Estate Investments reportable segment, with an aggregate net real estate balance of $32.6 million, were classified as assets held for sale on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2022, including six properties that were transferred into assets held for sale during the third quarter of 2022. Rental income associated with the ten properties was $1.1 million and $2.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $1.2 million and $3.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded impairment charges of $9.5 million and $38.3 million, respectively, including $5.7 million on two properties held in use, related to our Real Estate Investments reportable segment. The impairment charges are included in “Loan and realty losses” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
Other
Our leases for real estate properties are typically structured as “triple-net leases” on single-tenant properties having an initial leasehold term of 10 to 15 years with one or more five-year renewal options. As such, there may be reporting periods in which we experience few, if any, lease renewals or expirations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we did not have any significant renewing or expiring leases. Most of our existing leases contain annual escalators in rent payments. For financial statement purposes, rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Certain of our leases for real estate properties contain purchase options allowing tenants to acquire the leased properties. At September 30, 2022, tenants held purchase options on three properties with an aggregate net investment of $60.1 million that will become exercisable between 2027 and 2028. Rental income from these properties with tenant purchase options was $1.8 million and $5.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $1.7 million and $5.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
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We cannot reasonably estimate at this time the probability that any purchase options will be exercised in the future. Consideration to be received from the exercise of any tenant purchase option is expected to exceed our net investment in the leased property or properties.
Tenant Concentration
As discussed in Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, we have two tenants (including their affiliated entities, which are the legal tenants) from whom we individually derive at least 10% of our total revenues. The following table contains information regarding tenant concentration, excluding $2.6 million for our corporate office, $336.6 million for SHOP, and a credit loss reserve of $6.9 million ($ in thousands):

| As of September 30, 2022 |  | Revenues 1 |
| Asset |  | Gross Real |  | Notes |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
| Class |  | Estate 2 |  | Receivable |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Senior Living Communities | EFC |  | $ | 573,631 |  |  | $ | 46,669 |  |  | $ | 38,325 |  | 18% |  | $ | 38,094 |  | 17%
NHC | SNF |  | 133,770 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,875 |  | 13% |  | 28,290 |  | 12%
Bickford 3 | ALF |  | 412,304 |  |  | 46,422 |  |  | N/A | N/A |  | 26,224 |  | 11%
Holiday 3 | ILF |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A | N/A |  | 22,811 |  | 10%
All others, net | Various |  | 1,313,238 |  |  | 121,018 |  |  | 109,766 |  | 53% |  | 106,110 |  | 46%
Escrow funds from tenants |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
for property operating expenses | Various |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,553 |  | 4% |  | 7,519 |  | 4%
|  |  | $ | 2,432,943 |  |  | $ | 214,109 |  |  | 183,519 |  |  |  | 229,048 |  |
Resident fees and services 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24,005 |  | 12% |  | — |  | —%
|  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 207,524 |  |  |  | $ | 229,048 |  |

1 Includes interest income on notes receivable and rental income from properties classified as held for sale.
2 Amounts include any properties classified as held for sale.
3 Below 10% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Therefore, revenues are included in All others, net.
4 There is no tenant concentration in resident fees and services because these agreements are with individual residents.
Straight-line rent of $0.3 million and $1.8 million and interest income of $2.7 million and $2.4 million were recognized from the Senior Living Communities lease for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. No material straight-line rent was recognized for NHC for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. For NHC, rent escalations are based primarily on a percentage increase in revenue over a base year that does not give rise to non-cash, straight-line rental income. Straight-line rent of $1.3 million and interest income of $3.0 million was recognized from the Bickford leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. In the second quarter of 2022, we converted Bickford to the cash basis of accounting for its four master lease agreements, and wrote off approximately $18.1 million of straight-line rents receivable to rental income and $7.1 million of lease incentives. Straight-line rent of $4.3 million was recognized from the Holiday lease for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
NHC
Effective September 1, 2022, we amended the master lease dated October 17, 1991, as previously amended by and between NHI and NHC/OP, L.P., an affiliate of NHC for 35 facilities. This amendment was executed concurrently with the sale of a portfolio of seven skilled nursing facilities included in the asset dispositions table above and increases the annual base rent due each year through the expiration of the master lease on December 31, 2026, in addition to the percentage rent increase based on revenue. The annual base rent prior to the amendment was approximately $30.8 million and was increased to approximately $34.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, with credit given for rent paid in 2022 related to the sold portfolio. In addition to the base rent, NHC will continue to pay any additional rent and percentage rent as required by the master lease which is estimated to be approximately $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
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Bickford Senior Living
As of September 30, 2022, we leased 36 facilities, excluding two facilities classified as assets held for sale, under four leases to Bickford. Revenues from Bickford reflect the impact of pandemic-related rent concessions of approximately $5.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $3.5 million and $13.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we did not provide any lease concessions to Bickford.
In the second quarter of 2022, we wrote off approximately $18.1 million of straight-line rents receivable and $7.1 million of lease incentives, that were included in “Other assets, net” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, to rental income upon converting Bickford to the cash basis of accounting. These write offs were the result of a change in our evaluation of collectability of future rent payments due under its four master lease agreements based upon information we obtained from Bickford regarding its financial condition that raised substantial doubt as to its ability to continue as a going concern. Cash rent received from Bickford for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $7.1 million and $17.0 million, respectively.
In addition to the three properties sold included in the asset dispositions table above, we completed various restructuring activities in the Bickford leased property portfolio during the first and second quarters of 2022. In March 2022, we transferred one assisted living facility located in Pennsylvania from the Bickford portfolio to a new operator that is leased pursuant to a ten-year triple net lease and wrote off approximately $0.7 million in a straight-line rent receivable, reducing rental income. In the second quarter of 2022, we restructured and amended three of Bickford’s master lease agreements covering 27 properties and reached agreement on the repayment terms of the $26.0 million in outstanding pandemic-related deferrals. Significant terms of these agreements are as follows:
• Extends the maturity dates of the modified leases to 2033 and 2035. The remaining master lease agreement covering 11 properties with an original maturity in 2023 was previously extended to 2028.
• Reduces the combined rent for the portfolio to approximately $28.3 million per year through April 1, 2024, subject to a nominal annual increase, at which time the rent will be reset to a fair market value, not less than 8.0% of our initial gross investment.
• Requires monthly payments beginning October 2022 through December 2024 based on a percentage of Bickford’s monthly revenues exceeding an established threshold. The deferrals may be reduced by up to $6.0 million upon Bickford achieving certain performance targets and the sale or transition of certain properties to new operators.
The following table summarizes the average portfolio occupancy for Senior Living Communities, Bickford and SHOP for the periods indicated, excluding development properties in operation less than 24 months, notes receivable, and properties transitioned to new tenants or disposed.

| Properties | 3Q21 | 4Q21 | 1Q22 | 2Q22 | 3Q22 | September 2022
Senior Living Communities | 9 | 80.4% | 81.7% | 81.7% | 82.3% | 83.3% | 83.0%
Bickford 1 | 38 | 81.8% | 83.5% | 82.3% | 82.7% | 84.2% | 84.0%
SHOP 2 | 15 | 79.8% | 80.6% | 77.7% | 76.5% | 76.9% | 76.6%

1 Prior periods restated to reflect the removal of one property that was transitioned to a new operator in March 2022.
2 These properties were leased pursuant to a triple-net master lease prior to Q2 2022.
Tenant Monitoring
Our operators report to us the results of their operations on a periodic basis, which we in turn subject to further analysis as a means of monitoring potential concerns within our portfolio. We have identified EBITDARM (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, rent and management fees) as a primary performance measure for our tenants, based on results they have reported to us. We believe EBITDARM is useful in our most fundamental analyses, as it is a property-level measure of our operators’ success, by eliminating the effects of the operator’s method of acquiring the use of its assets (interest and rent), its non-cash expenses (depreciation and amortization), expenses that are dependent on its level of success (income taxes), and also excluding the effect of the operator’s payment of its management fees, as typically those fees are contractually subordinate to our lease payment. For operators of our entrance-fee communities, our calculation of EBITDARM includes other cash flow adjustments typical of the industry which may include, but are not limited to, net cash flows from entrance fees; amortization of deferred entrance fees; adjustments for tenant rent obligations, and management fee true-ups. The eliminations and adjustments reflect covenants in our leases and provide a comparable basis for assessing our various relationships.
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We believe that EBITDARM is a useful way to analyze the cash potential of a group of assets. From EBITDARM we calculate a coverage ratio (EBITDARM/cash rent), measuring the ability of the operator to meet its monthly obligation. In addition to EBITDARM and the coverage ratio, we rely on a careful balance sheet analysis and other analytical procedures to help us identify potential areas of concern relative to our operators’ ability to generate sufficient liquidity to meet their obligations, including their obligation to continue to pay the amount due to us. Typical among our operators is a varying lag in reporting to us the results of their operations. Across our portfolio, however, our operators report their results, typically within either 30 or 45 days and at the latest, within 90 days of month’s end. For computational purposes, we exclude mortgages and other notes receivable, development and lease-up properties that have been in operation less than 24 months. For stabilized acquisitions in the portfolio less than 24 months and renewing leases with changes in scheduled rent, we include pro forma cash rent. Same-store portfolio coverage excludes properties that have transitioned operators in the past 24 months or assets subsequently sold except as noted.
The results of our coverage ratio analysis are presented below on a trailing twelve-month basis, as of June 30, 2022 and 2021 (the most recent periods available).
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NHI Real Estate Investments Portfolio |  |  |  |
By asset type | SHO | SNF | MEDICAL NON-SNF | TOTAL |  |
Properties | 99 | 68 | 1 | 168 |  |
2Q21 | 1.11x | 2.74x | 2.59x | 1.69x |  |
2Q22 | 1.14x | 2.47x | 2.60x | 1.63x |  |
Market served | Need Driven | Need Driven excl. Bickford | Discretionary | Discretionary excl. SLC | Medical | Medical excl. NHC
Properties | 85 | 47 | 14 | 5 | 69 | 34
2Q21 | 0.91x | 0.80x | 1.37x | 1.57x | 2.74x | 1.97x
2Q22 | 0.96x | 0.91x | 1.38x | 1.70x | 2.47x | 1.95x
Major tenants | NHC 1 | SLC 2 | Bickford 2 |  |  |
Properties | 35 | 10 | 38 |  |  |
2Q21 | 3.82x | 1.28x | 1.04x |  |  |
2Q22 | 3.24x | 1.25x | 1.00x |  |  |
NHI Real Estate Investments Same-Store Portfolio 3 |  |  |
By asset type | SHO | SNF | MEDICAL NON-SNF | TOTAL |  |
Properties | 96 | 67 | 0 | 163 |  |
2Q21 | 1.12x | 2.76x | N/A | 1.70x |  |
2Q22 | 1.16x | 2.47x | N/A | 1.62x |  |
Market served | Need Driven | Need Driven excl. Bickford | Discretionary | Discretionary excl. SLC | Medical | Medical excl. NHC
Properties | 83 | 45 | 13 | 4 | 67 | 32
2Q21 | 0.92x | 0.81x | 1.41x | 1.74x | 2.76x | 1.93x
2Q22 | 0.97x | 0.93x | 1.41x | 1.83x | 2.47x | 1.88x
Major tenants | NHC 1 | SLC 2 | Bickford 2 |  |  |
Properties | 35 | 10 | 38 |  |  |
2Q21 | 3.82x | 1.28x | 1.04x |  |  |
2Q22 | 3.24x | 1.25x | 1.00x |  |  |

1 NHC based on corporate-level Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio and includes three ILFs and excludes seven sold SNF assets (four in MA and three in NH) during 2022.
2 Excluding PPP funds received from the second quarter 2021, SLC and Bickford coverage was 1.09x and 0.88x, respectively. Bickford proforma coverage at the restructured lease amount would be 1.32x for second quarter 2022.
3 Excludes properties that have transitioned operators in past 24 months and includes properties classified as held for sale.
These results include any amounts received and recognized by the operators from the HHS CARES Act Provider Relief Fund and funds received under the Paycheck Protection Program if the loan has been forgiven. Our operators may not consistently account for any COVID-19 pandemic relief funds received which can impact comparability among operators and across periods.
Fluctuations in portfolio coverage are a result of market and economic trends, local market competition, and regulatory factors as well as the operational success of our tenants. We use the results of individual leases to inform our decision making with respect to specific tenants, but trends described above by property type and operator bear analysis. Our senior housing portfolio shows a decline brought about primarily by a softening in occupancy and rising expenses, including wage pressures.
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Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. has further softened coverage for these operators as well as across our portfolio. For many of the affected operators, as is typical of our portfolio in general, NHI has security deposits in place and/or corporate guarantees should actual cash rental shortfalls eventually materialize. In certain instances, our operators may increase their security deposits with us in an amount equal to the coverage shortfall, and, upon subsequent compliance with the required lease coverage ratio, the operator would then be entitled to a full refund. The sufficiency of credit enhancements (e.g. tenant deposits and guarantees) as a protection against economic downturn will be a focus as we monitor economic and financial conditions, including the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The metrics presented in the tables above give no effect to the presence of these security deposits. Because of the recent disposals of the Florida medical office building and the behavioral hospital, we combined the medical office building (“MOB”) and Hospital categories previously presented into the “Medical Non-SNF” category.
Real Estate and Mortgage Write-downs
In addition to inflation risk, increased interest rates and new COVID-19 pandemic variants, our borrowers and tenants experience periods of significant financial pressures and difficulties similar to those encountered by other health care providers. Our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 reflect impairment charges of our long-lived assets of approximately $9.5 million and $38.3 million as a result of economic and financial factors, including the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We reduced the carrying value of any impaired properties to estimated fair values, or with respect to the properties classified as held for sale, to estimated fair value less costs to sell. We have no significant intangible assets currently recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2022, that would require assessment for impairment.
We have established a reserve for estimated credit losses of $6.9 million and a liability of $0.9 million for estimated credit losses on unfunded loan commitments as of September 30, 2022. We evaluate the reserves for estimated credit losses on a quarterly basis and make adjustments based on current circumstances as considered necessary.
We believe that the carrying amounts of our real estate properties are recoverable and that mortgage and other notes receivable are realizable and supported by the value of the underlying collateral. However, it is possible that future events could require us to make additional significant adjustments to these carrying amounts.
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Results of Operations
The significant items affecting revenues and expenses are described below ($ in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
| September 30, |  | Period Change
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | %
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SHOs leased to Chancellor Health Care | $ | 1,395 |  |  | $ | 1,892 |  |  | $ | (497) |  |  | (26.3) | %
SHOs leased to Discovery Senior Living | 1,737 |  |  | 2,180 |  |  | (443) |  |  | (20.3) | %
SHOs leased to Wingate Healthcare | 1,043 |  |  | 340 |  |  | 703 |  |  | NM
SHOs leased to Senior Living Communities | 11,775 |  |  | 11,199 |  |  | 576 |  |  | 5.1 | %
SHOs leased to Holiday | — |  |  | 1,523 |  |  | (1,523) |  |  | (100.0) | %
Other new and existing leases | 36,868 |  |  | 36,405 |  |  | 463 |  |  | 1.3 | %
Current year disposals and assets held for sale | 1,742 |  |  | 6,524 |  |  | (4,782) |  |  | (73.3) | %
| 54,560 |  |  | 60,063 |  |  | (5,503) |  |  | (9.2) | %
Straight-line rent adjustments, new and existing leases | 2,476 |  |  | 3,798 |  |  | (1,322) |  |  | (34.8) | %
Escrow funds received from tenants for taxes and insurance | 2,358 |  |  | 3,182 |  |  | (824) |  |  | (25.9) | %
Total Rental Income | 59,394 |  |  | 67,043 |  |  | (7,649) |  |  | (11.4) | %
Resident fees and services | 12,013 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,013 |  |  | NM
Interest income and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Montecito Medical Real Estate loan | 458 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 405 |  |  | NM
Encore Senior Living mortgage loan | 664 |  |  | 306 |  |  | 358 |  |  | NM
Loan payoffs | — |  |  | 2,617 |  |  | (2,617) |  |  | (100.0) | %
Other new and existing mortgages and notes | 3,698 |  |  | 3,393 |  |  | 305 |  |  | 9.0 | %
Total Interest Income from Mortgage and Other Notes | 4,820 |  |  | 6,369 |  |  | (1,549) |  |  | (24.3) | %
Other income | 71 |  |  | 421 |  |  | (350) |  |  | (83.1) | %
Total Revenues | 76,298 |  |  | 73,833 |  |  | 2,465 |  |  | 3.3 | %
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current year disposals and assets held for sale | 169 |  |  | 2,479 |  |  | (2,310) |  |  | (93.2) | %
Other new and existing assets | 17,364 |  |  | 17,556 |  |  | (192) |  |  | (1.1) | %
Total Depreciation | 17,533 |  |  | 20,035 |  |  | (2,502) |  |  | (12.5) | %
Interest | 11,412 |  |  | 12,715 |  |  | (1,303) |  |  | (10.2) | %
Senior housing operating expenses | 9,239 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,239 |  |  | NM
Taxes and insurance on leased properties | 2,358 |  |  | 3,182 |  |  | (824) |  |  | (25.9) | %
Loan and realty losses | 11,329 |  |  | 22,425 |  |  | (11,096) |  |  | (49.5) | %
Other expenses | 5,057 |  |  | 4,011 |  |  | 1,046 |  |  | 26.1 | %
Total Expenses | 56,928 |  |  | 62,368 |  |  | (5,440) |  |  | (8.7) | %
Income before investment and other gains and losses | 19,370 |  |  | 11,465 |  |  | 7,905 |  |  | 68.9 | %
Gains on sales of real estate, net | 14,840 |  |  | 19,941 |  |  | (5,101) |  |  | (25.6) | %
Gain on operations transfer | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | NM
Losses from equity method investment | — |  |  | (557) |  |  | 557 |  |  | (100.0) | %
Net income | 34,229 |  |  | 30,849 |  |  | 3,380 |  |  | 11.0 | %
Less: net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 239 |  |  | (35) |  |  | 274 |  |  | NM
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 34,468 |  |  | $ | 30,814 |  |  | $ | 3,654 |  |  | 11.9 | %
NM - not meaningful |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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Financial highlights of the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period of 2021 were as follows:
•Rental income recognized from our tenants decreased $7.6 million, or 11.4%, as a result of $4.8 million attributed to properties disposed since September 2021, $1.5 million from properties transitioned to our SHOP portfolio, and a reduction of straight-line rent of $1.3 million.
•Funds received for reimbursement of property operating expenses totaled $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and are reflected as a component of rental income. These property operating expenses are recognized in operating expenses in the line item “Taxes and insurance on leased properties.” The decrease in the reimbursement income and corresponding property expenses is primarily from property dispositions since September 2021, resulting in decreased amounts received from tenants and expenses paid on their behalf.
•Resident fees and services and senior housing operating expenses include revenues and expenses from our SHOP activities which commenced on April 1, 2022. See Note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
•Interest income from mortgage and other notes decreased $1.5 million, or 24.3%, primarily due to paydowns on loans, net of new and existing loan fundings.
•Interest expense decreased $1.3 million, or 10.2%, as the result of repayments of indebtedness.
•Loan and realty losses were $11.3 million associated with the impairment charges on seven real estate properties of $9.5 million in the third quarter of 2022 as described under the heading “Assets Held for Sale and Long-Lived Assets” in Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements and an increase in credit loss reserve of $1.8 million. During the third quarter of 2021, five real estate properties were impaired for a total of $22.5 million.
•Gains on sales of real estate, net were $14.8 million associated with the disposition of nine properties in the third quarter of 2022 as described under the heading “Assets Dispositions” in Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. During the third quarter of 2021, we sold seven properties generating gains on sales of real estate totaling $19.9 million.
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The significant items affecting revenues and expenses are described below (in thousands):

| Nine Months Ended |  |
| September 30, |  | Period Change
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | %
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ALFs leased to Bickford Senior Living | $ | 11,935 |  |  | $ | 19,723 |  |  | $ | (7,788) |  |  | (39.5) | %
SHOs leased to Discovery Senior Living | 4,770 |  |  | 6,936 |  |  | (2,166) |  |  | (31.2) | %
ALFs leased to Chancellor Health Care | 2,039 |  |  | 6,332 |  |  | (4,293) |  |  | (67.8) | %
Other new and existing leases | 140,774 |  |  | 136,111 |  |  | 4,663 |  |  | 3.4 | %
Current year disposals and assets held for sale | 8,224 |  |  | 21,333 |  |  | (13,109) |  |  | (61.4) | %
| 167,742 |  |  | 190,435 |  |  | (22,693) |  |  | (11.9) | %
Straight-line rent adjustments, new and existing leases | (11,360) |  |  | 12,189 |  |  | (23,549) |  |  | NM
Escrow funds received from tenants for taxes and insurance | 7,553 |  |  | 7,519 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 0.5 | %
Total Rental Income | 163,935 |  |  | 210,143 |  |  | (46,208) |  |  | (22.0) | %
Resident fees and services | 24,005 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,005 |  |  | NM
Interest income and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bickford loans | 3,910 |  |  | 2,959 |  |  | 951 |  |  | 32.1 | %
Vizion Health loan | 1,300 |  |  | 594 |  |  | 706 |  |  | NM
Montecito Medical Real Estate loan | 1,334 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 1,265 |  |  | NM
Loan payoffs | 5,482 |  |  | 8,097 |  |  | (2,615) |  |  | (32.3) | %
Other new and existing mortgages and notes | 7,335 |  |  | 6,626 |  |  | 709 |  |  | 10.7 | %
Total Interest Income from Mortgage and Other Notes | 19,361 |  |  | 18,345 |  |  | 1,016 |  |  | 5.5 | %
Other income | 223 |  |  | 560 |  |  | (337) |  |  | (60.2) | %
Total Revenues | 207,524 |  |  | 229,048 |  |  | (21,524) |  |  | (9.4) | %
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ALFs leased to Chancellor | 1,802 |  |  | 2,651 |  |  | (849) |  |  | (32.0) | %
ALFs leased to Bickford | 8,340 |  |  | 9,061 |  |  | (721) |  |  | (8.0) | %
Current year disposals and assets held for sale | 1,680 |  |  | 7,314 |  |  | (5,634) |  |  | (77.0) | %
Other new and existing assets | 41,755 |  |  | 42,473 |  |  | (718) |  |  | (1.7) | %
Total Depreciation | 53,577 |  |  | 61,499 |  |  | (7,922) |  |  | (12.9) | %
Interest | 32,472 |  |  | 38,528 |  |  | (6,056) |  |  | (15.7) | %
Senior housing operating expenses | 18,352 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,352 |  |  | NM
Legal | 2,254 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 2,047 |  |  | NM
Loan and realty losses | 39,951 |  |  | 23,596 |  |  | 16,355 |  |  | 69.3 | %
Other expenses | 26,140 |  |  | 23,457 |  |  | 2,683 |  |  | 11.4 | %
Total Expenses | 172,746 |  |  | 147,287 |  |  | 25,459 |  |  | 17.3 | %
Income before investment and other gains and losses | 34,778 |  |  | 81,761 |  |  | (46,983) |  |  | (57.5) | %
Gains (losses) from equity method investment | 569 |  |  | (2,274) |  |  | 2,843 |  |  | NM
Gains on sales of real estate, net | 28,342 |  |  | 26,426 |  |  | 1,916 |  |  | 7.3 | %
Loss on operations transfer, net | (710) |  |  | — |  |  | (710) |  |  | NM
Gain on note payoff | 1,113 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,113 |  |  | NM
Loss on early retirement of debt | (151) |  |  | (451) |  |  | 300 |  |  | (66.5) | %
Net income | 63,941 |  |  | 105,462 |  |  | (41,521) |  |  | (39.4) | %
Less: net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest | 599 |  |  | (135) |  |  | 734 |  |  | NM
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 64,540 |  |  | $ | 105,327 |  |  | $ | (40,787) |  |  | (38.7) | %
NM - not meaningful |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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Financial highlights of the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021 were as follows:
•Rental income recognized from our tenants decreased $46.2 million, or 22.0%, as a result of approximately $13.1 million attributed to property dispositions, net of new investments funded since September 2021. Included in rental income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 are write offs in the second quarter of 2022 of $18.1 million of straight-line rents receivable and $7.1 million of lease incentives related to our Bickford master lease agreements. Reference Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
•Resident fees and services and senior housing operating expenses include revenues and expenses from our SHOP activities which commenced on April 1, 2022. See Note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
•Interest income from mortgage and other notes increased $1.0 million, or 5.5%, primarily due to new and existing loan fundings, net of paydowns on loans.
•Depreciation expense decreased $7.9 million or 12.9%, primarily as a result of property dispositions of approximately $165.9 million since September 2021.
•Interest expense decreased $6.1 million, or 15.7%, as the result of repayments of indebtedness, including the payoffs of the convertible bond that matured in April 2021 and $250.0 million on term loans.
•Legal expenses increased $2.0 million primarily related to the Welltower litigation and transition activities for the legacy Holiday portfolio.
•Loan and realty losses increased $16.4 million primarily as a result of impairment charges on 15 real estate properties of $38.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as described under the heading “Assets Held for Sale and Long-Lived Assets” in Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements and an increase in credit loss reserve of $0.5 million. Impairment charges were $22.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
•For more information on Gains (losses) from equity method investment reference Note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
•Gains on sales of real estate, net increased $1.9 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in the prior year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded $28.3 million in gains from dispositions of real estate assets as described under “Asset Dispositions” in Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we sold 17 properties generating gains on sales of real estate totaling $26.4 million.
•Loss on operations transfer, net includes the amount of net working capital liabilities assumed upon terminating the master lease with Well Churchill Leasehold Owner, LLC, a subsidiary of Welltower, Inc., on April 1, 2022, for the ILFs previously leased to Holiday. See Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
•Gain on note payoff of $1.1 million reflects the prepayment fee from the early repayment of a $111.3 million mortgage note receivable in the second quarter of 2022. See Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
At September 30, 2022, we had $690.0 million available to draw on our revolving credit facility, $28.8 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, and the potential to access the remaining $415.7 million through the issuance of common stock under the Company’s $500.0 million ATM equity program. In addition, the Company maintains an effective automatic shelf registration statement through which capital could be raised via the issuance of debt and or equity securities.
Sources and Uses of Funds
Our primary sources of cash include rent payments, receipts from residents, principal and interest payments on mortgage and other notes receivable, proceeds from the sales of real property, net proceeds from offerings of equity securities and borrowings from our loans and revolving credit facility. Our primary uses of cash include debt service payments (both principal and interest), new investments in real estate and notes receivable, dividend distributions to our stockholders, operating expenses for SHOP and general corporate overhead.
These sources and uses of cash are reflected in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as summarized below ($ in thousands):

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | One Year Change
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | %
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, January 1 | $ | 39,485 |  |  | $ | 46,343 |  |  | $ | (6,858) |  |  | (14.8) | %
Net cash provided by operating activities | 138,983 |  |  | 157,501 |  |  | (18,518) |  |  | (11.8) | %
Net cash provided by investing activities | 247,143 |  |  | 163,358 |  |  | 83,785 |  |  | 51.3 | %
Net cash used in financing activities | (393,897) |  |  | (317,007) |  |  | (76,890) |  |  | 24.3 | %
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, September 30 | $ | 31,714 |  |  | $ | 50,195 |  |  | $ | (18,481) |  |  | (36.8) | %

Operating Activities – Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which includes new investments completed, the creation of the SHOP ventures, lease payment collections arising from escalators on existing leases and interest payments on new real estate and note investments completed, was impacted by the disposition of 25 senior housing properties for net proceeds of approximately $191.9 million since September 2021, offset by the decrease of pandemic-related rent concessions granted by approximately $9.2 million.
Investing Activities – Net cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was comprised primarily of approximately $40.4 million of investments in mortgage and other notes and renovations and acquisitions of real estate, offset by the proceeds from the sales of real estate of approximately $169.0 million and the collection of principal on mortgage and other notes receivable of approximately $118.0 million.
Financing Activities – Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 differs from the same period in 2021 primarily as a result of an approximately $26.2 million decrease in net borrowings, inclusive of a $400.0 million senior note offering in the first quarter of 2021, an approximately $47.9 million decrease in proceeds from issuance of common shares and dividend payments which decreased approximately $18.9 million over the same period in 2021 and the repurchase of common stock of approximately $152.0 million.
Debt Obligations
As of September 30, 2022, we had outstanding debt of $1.1 billion. Reference Note 7 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information about our outstanding indebtedness. Also, reference “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” for more details on our indebtedness and the impact of interest rate risk.
Unsecured Bank Credit Facility - On March 31, 2022, we entered into a new unsecured revolving credit agreement (the “2022 Credit Agreement”) providing us with a $700.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility, replacing our previous $550.0 million unsecured revolver. The 2022 Credit Agreement matures in March 2026, but may be extended at our option, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, for two additional six-month periods. Borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement bear interest, at our election, at either (i) Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) (plus a credit spread adjustment) plus a margin ranging from 0.725% to 1.40%, (ii) Daily SOFR (plus a credit spread adjustment) plus a margin ranging from 0.725% to 1.40% or (iii) the base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.40%. In each election, the actual margin is determined according to our credit ratings. The base rate means, for any day, a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the highest of (i) the
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Agent’s prime rate, (ii) the federal funds rate on such day plus 0.50% or (iii) the adjusted Term SOFR for a one-month tenor in effect on such day plus 1.0%. We incurred $4.5 million of deferred costs in connection with the 2022 Credit Agreement.
Concurrently with the execution of the 2022 Credit Agreement, we amended our $300.0 million term loan, maturing in September 2023 (“2023 Term Loan”). The amendment modifies the existing covenants to align with provisions in the 2022 Credit Agreement and to accrue interest on borrowings based on SOFR (plus a credit spread adjustment) that were previously based on LIBOR, with no change to the existing applicable interest rate margins. We may also elect for the 2023 Term Loan to accrue interest at a base rate plus the applicable margin. As of September 30, 2022, we repaid $60.0 million of the 2023 Term Loan.
In March 2022, we repaid a $75.0 million term loan maturing August 2022 with proceeds from the revolving credit facility. The term loan bore interest at a rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 135 basis points (“bps”), based on our credit ratings. Upon repayment, we expensed approximately $0.2 million of unamortized loan costs associated with this loan which is included in “Loss on early retirement of debt” in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
As of September 30, 2022, the revolver and term loan bore interest at a rate of one-month Term SOFR (plus a 10 bps spread adjustment) plus 105 bps and 125 bps, based on our debt ratings, or 4.19% and 4.39%, respectively. The facility fee was 25 bps per annum. At October 31, 2022, no amount was outstanding under the revolving facility.
The current SOFR spreads and facility fee for our unsecured revolving credit facility and $240.0 million term loan reflect our ratings compliance based on the applicable margin for SOFR loans at a debt rating of BBB-/Baa3 in the Interest Rate Schedule provided below in summary format:
Interest Rate Schedule

|  | SOFR Spread
Debt Ratings |  | Revolver |  | Revolver Facility Fee |  | $300m Term Loan
A+/A1 |  | 0.725% |  | 0.125% |  | 0.75%
A/A2 |  | 0.725% |  | 0.125% |  | 0.80%
A-/A3 |  | 0.725% |  | 0.125% |  | 0.85%
BBB+/Baa1 |  | 0.775% |  | 0.150% |  | 0.90%
BBB/Baa2 |  | 0.850% |  | 0.200% |  | 1.00%
BBB-/Baa3 |  | 1.050% |  | 0.250% |  | 1.25%
Lower than BBB-/Baa3 |  | 1.400% |  | 0.300% |  | 1.65%

Beyond the applicable ratios detailed above, if our credit rating from at least two credit rating agencies is downgraded below “BBB-/Baa3”, the debt under our credit agreements will be subject to defined increases in interest rates and fees.
The 2022 Credit Agreement requires that we calculate specified financial statement metrics and meet or exceed a variety of financial ratios, which are usual and customary in nature. These ratios are calculated quarterly and as of September 30, 2022, were within required limits. The calculation of our leverage ratio involves intermediate determinations of our “total indebtedness” and of our “total asset value,” as defined in the 2022 Credit Agreement.
Senior Notes Offering - In January 2021, we issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.00% senior notes that mature on February 1, 2031 and pay interest semi-annually (the “2031 Senior Notes”). We remain in compliance with all debt covenants under the unsecured bank credit facility, 2031 Senior Notes and other debt agreements.
Debt Maturities - Reference Note 7 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more information on our debt maturities.
Credit Ratings - Moody's Investors Services (“Moody's”) announced on November 5, 2020 that it assigned an investment grade issuer credit rating and a senior unsecured debt rating of ‘Baa3’ with a “Negative” outlook to the Company. Moody’s released a credit opinion on October 13, 2022 which affirmed the rating and revised the outlook to “Stable” for the Company. Both Fitch and S&P Global announced in November 2019 a public issuer credit rating of BBB- with an outlook of “Stable.” Fitch confirmed its rating most recently on December 9, 2021 and S&P Global confirmed its rating on November 16, 2021. Our unsecured private placement term loan agreements include a rate increase provision that is effective if any rating agency lowers
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our credit rating below investment grade and our compliance leverage increases to 50% or more. Any reduction in outlook or downgrade in our credit ratings from the rating agencies could negatively impact our costs of borrowings.
Debt Metrics - We believe that our fixed charge coverage ratio, which is the ratio of Adjusted EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, including amounts in discontinued operations, excluding real estate asset impairments and gains on dispositions) to fixed charges (interest expense at contractual rates net of capitalized interest and principal payments on debt), and the ratio of consolidated net debt to Adjusted EBITDA are meaningful measures of our ability to service our debt. We use these two measures as a useful basis to compare the strength of our balance sheet with those in our peer group. We also believe our balance sheet gives us a competitive advantage when accessing debt markets.
We calculate our fixed charge coverage ratio as approximately 6.2x for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (see our discussion under the heading Adjusted EBITDA including a reconciliation to our net income). Giving effect to significant acquisitions, financings, disposals and payoffs on an annualized basis, our consolidated net debt to Annualized Adjusted EBITDA ratio is approximately 4.5x for the three months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in thousands):

Consolidated Total Debt | $ | 1,114,999 |
Less: cash and cash equivalents | (28,811) |
Consolidated Net Debt | $ | 1,086,188 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 61,583 |
Annualizing Adjustment | 184,749 |
Annualized impact of recent investments, disposals and payoffs | (2,752) |
| $ | 243,580 |
Consolidated Net Debt to Annualized Adjusted EBITDA | 4.5x

Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information
The Company’s $940.0 million bank credit facility, unsecured private placement term loans due January 2023 through January 2027 with an aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million, and 2031 Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by each of the Company’s subsidiaries, except for certain excluded subsidiaries (“Guarantors”). The Guarantors are either owned, controlled or are affiliates of the Company.
The following tables present summarized financial information for the Company and the Guarantors, on a combined basis after eliminating (i) intercompany transactions and balances among the guarantor entities and (ii) equity in earnings from, and any investments in, any subsidiary that is a non-guarantor ($ in thousands):

|  | As of
|  | September 30, 2022
Real estate properties, net |  | $ | 1,810,630 |
Other assets, net |  | 334,456 |
Note receivable due from non-guarantor subsidiary |  | 81,383 |
Totals assets |  | $ | 2,226,469 |
Debt |  | $ | 1,038,662 |
Other liabilities |  | 64,336 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 1,102,998 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests |  | $ | 11,197 |
Noncontrolling interest |  | $ | 76 |

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|  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, 2022
Revenues |  | $ | 181,241 |
Interest revenue on note due from non-guarantor subsidiary |  | 3,483 |
Expenses |  | 158,037 |
Gains from equity method investee |  | 569 |
Gains on sales of real estate |  | 28,342 |
Loss on early retirement of debt |  | (151) |
Net income |  | $ | 55,447 |
Net income attributable to NHI and the subsidiary guarantors |  | $ | 56,450 |

Equity
At September 30, 2022 we had 43,388,742 shares of common stock outstanding with a market value of $2.5 billion. Equity on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet totaled $1.3 billion.
Share Repurchase Plan - On April 15, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan for up to $240.0 million of the Company’s common stock (the “2022 Repurchase Plan”). The plan is effective for a period of one year. Shares may be repurchased from time-to-time in open market transactions at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions or by other means in accordance with the terms of Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended and shall be made in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations in effect. The timing and number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including price, general market and economic conditions, alternative investment opportunities and other corporate considerations. The stock repurchase plan does not obligate the Company to repurchase any specific number of shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we repurchased through open market transactions 1,272,179 and 2,468,354, shares of common stock, respectively, for an average price of $64.44 and $61.56 per share, respectively, excluding commissions. All shares received were constructively retired upon receipt, and the excess of the purchase price over the par value per share was recorded to “Cumulative dividends in excess of net income” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
As of September 30, 2022, we had approximately $88.4 million remaining under the 2022 Repurchase Plan.
Dividends - Our Board of Directors approves a regular quarterly dividend which is reflective of expected taxable income on a recurring basis. Taxable income is determined in accordance with the Internal Revenue Code and differs from net income for financial statements purposes determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Our Board of Directors has historically directed the Company toward maintaining a strong balance sheet. Therefore, we consider the competing interests of short and long-term debt (interest rates, maturities and other terms) versus the higher cost of new equity, and we accept some level of risk associated with leveraging our investments. We intend to continue to make new investments that meet our underwriting criteria and where the spreads over our cost of equity and debt capital on a leverage neutral basis will generate sufficient returns to our stockholders. We do not expect to utilize borrowings to satisfy the payment of dividends and project that cash flows from operations for the full year 2022 will be adequate to fund dividends at the current rate.
We intend to comply with REIT dividend requirements that we distribute at least 90% of our annual taxable income for the year ending December 31, 2022 and thereafter. Historically, the Company has distributed at least 100% of annual taxable income. Dividends declared for the fourth quarter of each fiscal year are paid by the end of the following January and are, with some exceptions, treated for tax purposes as having been paid in the fiscal year just ended as provided in IRS Code Sec. 857(b)(8).
The following table summarizes dividends declared by the Board of Directors or paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Date of Declaration |  | Date of Record |  | Date Paid/Payable |  | Quarterly Dividend
November 5, 2021 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | January 31, 2022 |  | $0.90
February 16, 2022 |  | March 31, 2022 |  | May 6, 2022 |  | $0.90
May 6, 2022 |  | June 30, 2022 |  | August 5, 2022 |  | $0.90
August 5, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022 |  | November 4, 2022 |  | $0.90

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Date of Declaration |  | Date of Record |  | Date Paid/Payable |  | Quarterly Dividend
December 15, 2020 |  | December 31, 2020 |  | January 29, 2021 |  | $1.1025
March 12, 2021 |  | March 31, 2021 |  | May 7, 2021 |  | $1.1025
June 3, 2021 |  | June 30, 2021 |  | August 6, 2021 |  | $0.90
August 3, 2021 |  | September 30, 2021 |  | November 5, 2021 |  | $0.90

On November 6, 2022, the Board of Directors declared a $0.90 per share dividend to common stockholders of record on December 30, 2022, payable on January 27, 2023.
Shelf Registration Statement - We have an automatic shelf registration statement on file with the SEC that allows the Company to offer and sell to the public an unspecified amount of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and or units at prices and on terms to be announced when and if such securities are offered. The details of any future offerings, along with the use of proceeds from any securities offered, will be described in a prospectus supplement or other offering materials, at the time of offering. Our shelf registration statement expires March 2023.
Material Cash Requirements
We had approximately $31.7 million in corporate cash and cash equivalents on hand and $700.0 million in availability under our unsecured revolving credit facility as of October 31, 2022. Our expected material cash requirements for the twelve months ended September 30, 2023 and thereafter consist of long-term debt maturities; interest on long-term debt; and contractually obligated expenditures. We expect to meet our short-term liquidity needs largely through cash generated from operations and borrowings under our revolving credit facility, refer to Unsecured Bank Credit Facility above, and sales from real estate investments, although we may choose to seek alternative sources of liquidity. Should we have additional liquidity needs, we believe that we could access long-term financing in the debt and equity capital markets.
Contractual Obligations and Contingent Liabilities
As of September 30, 2022, our contractual payment obligations were as follows ($ in thousands):

| Total |  | Less than 1 year |  | 1-3 years |  | 3-5 years |  | More than 5 years
Debt, including interest 1 | $ | 1,197,204 |  |  | $ | 407,515 |  |  | $ | 225,512 |  |  | $ | 166,857 |  |  | $ | 397,320 |
Loan commitments | 63,944 |  |  | 34,199 |  |  | 29,745 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Development commitments | 9,344 |  |  | 9,344 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 1,270,492 |  |  | $ | 451,058 |  |  | $ | 255,257 |  |  | $ | 166,857 |  |  | $ | 397,320 |

1 Interest is calculated based on the weighted average interest rate of outstanding debt balances as of September 30, 2022. The calculation also includes a facility fee of 0.20%.
Commitments and Contingencies
The following tables summarize information as of September 30, 2022 related to our outstanding commitments and contingencies which are more fully described in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements ($ in thousands):
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| Asset Class |  | Type |  | Total |  | Funded |  | Remaining
Loan Commitments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bickford Senior Living | SHO |  | Construction |  | $ | 42,900 |  |  | $ | (42,532) |  |  | $ | 368 |
Encore Senior Living | SHO |  | Construction |  | 50,725 |  |  | (30,949) |  |  | 19,776 |
Senior Living Communities | SHO |  | Revolving Credit |  | 20,000 |  |  | (13,969) |  |  | 6,031 |
Timber Ridge OpCo | SHO |  | Working Capital |  | 5,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,000 |
Watermark Retirement | SHO |  | Working Capital |  | 5,000 |  |  | (1,976) |  |  | 3,024 |
Montecito Medical Real Estate | MOB |  | Mezzanine Loan |  | 50,000 |  |  | (20,255) |  |  | 29,745 |
|  |  |  |  | $ | 173,625 |  |  | $ | (109,681) |  |  | $ | 63,944 |

See Note 8 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further details of our loan commitments. As provided above, loans funded do not include the effects of discounts or commitment fees.
The credit loss liability for unfunded loan commitments was $0.9 million as of September 30, 2022 and is estimated using the same methodology as for our funded mortgage and other notes receivable based on the estimated amount that we expect to fund.

| Asset Class |  | Type |  | Total |  | Funded |  | Remaining
Development Commitments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Woodland Village | SHO |  | Renovation |  | $ | 7,515 |  |  | $ | (7,425) |  |  | $ | 90 |
Senior Living Communities | SHO |  | Renovation |  | 9,930 |  |  | (9,930) |  |  | — |
Watermark Retirement | SHO |  | Renovation |  | 6,500 |  |  | (4,436) |  |  | 2,064 |
Navion | SHO |  | Renovation |  | 3,500 |  |  | (1,050) |  |  | 2,450 |
Other | SHO |  | Various |  | 4,550 |  |  | (1,310) |  |  | 3,240 |
SHOP | ILF |  | Renovation |  | 1,500 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,500 |
|  |  |  |  | $ | 33,495 |  |  | $ | (24,151) |  |  | $ | 9,344 |

As part of the formation of the SHOP ventures and reflected in the table above, we agreed to fund improvements on one of the ILFs up to $1.5 million, of which no amount had been funded as of September 30, 2022.
In addition to the commitments listed above, we have agreed to pay up to $0.8 million in additional cash consideration pending the results of an ongoing property tax appeal related to a property acquired in the second quarter of 2022. As of September 30, 2022, no amount of this consideration is expected to be paid as discussed in Note 3 in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Discovery PropCo has committed to Discovery to fund up to $2.0 million toward the purchase of condominium units located at one of the facilities, of which $1.0 million has been funded as of September 30, 2022.

| Asset Class |  |  |  | Total |  | Funded |  | Remaining
Contingencies (Lease Inducements): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Timber Ridge OpCo | SHO |  |  |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,000 |
Wingate Healthcare | SHO |  |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,000 |
Navion Senior Solutions | SHO |  |  |  | 4,850 |  |  | (1,500) |  |  | 3,350 |
Discovery Senior Living | SHO |  |  |  | 4,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,000 |
Ignite Medical Resorts | SNF |  |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,000 |
Sante Partners | SHO |  |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,000 |
IntegraCare | SHO |  |  |  | 750 |  |  | — |  |  | 750 |
|  |  |  |  | $ | 28,600 |  |  | $ | (1,500) |  |  | $ | 27,100 |

We adjust rental income for the amortization of lease inducements paid to our tenants. Amortization of lease inducement payments against revenues was less than $0.1 million and $7.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, which includes the write off of $7.1 million of lease incentives related to Bickford as discussed in more detail in Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. Amortization of lease inducement payments against revenues was $0.3 million and $0.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.
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In late September 2022, Hurricane Ian made landfall in southwest Florida. Our properties incurred minimal to no damage. We or our tenants may incur unplanned costs for minor repairs and restoring operations, as well as costs to evacuate employees and residents. Our lease agreements require our tenants to maintain sufficient property and business interruption insurance, subject to certain deductibles.
Litigation
Our facilities are subject to claims and suits in the ordinary course of business. Our lessees and borrowers have indemnified, and are obligated to continue to indemnify us, against all liabilities arising from the operation of the facilities, and are further obligated to indemnify us against environmental or title problems affecting the real estate underlying such facilities. In addition, such claims may include, among other things professional liability and general liability claims, as well as regulatory proceedings relate to our SHOP segment where we are the holder of the applicable healthcare license. While there may be lawsuits pending against us and certain of the owners and/or lessees of the facilities, management believes that the ultimate resolution of all such pending proceedings will have no direct material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Welltower, Inc.
In June 2021, Welltower announced that it would acquire certain assets from the senior housing portfolio of Holiday, a privately held senior living management company, that included 17 senior living facilities governed by a master lease originally executed between a Holiday subsidiary and NHI in 2013. We received no rent due under the master lease from the tenant for these facilities after this change in tenant ownership occurred in late July 2021.
On December 20, 2021, NHI and its subsidiaries NHI-REIT of Next House, LLC, Myrtle Beach Retirement Resident LLC, and Voorhees Retirement Residence LLC filed suit against Welltower, Inc., Welltower Victory II TRS LLC, and Well Churchill Leasehold Owner LLC (collectively the "Defendants") in the Delaware Court of Chancery (Case No. 2021-1097-MTZ). In the litigation, we contended that the Defendants repeatedly failed to honor their legal obligations to NHI. In particular, we asserted that the Defendants acquired assets from a third party, Holiday, that included leases to NHI senior living facilities and fraudulently induced NHI to consent to the assignment of the leases, and then immediately failed to pay rent or provide a promised security agreement that was intended to secure against their default, all as part of an effort to pressure NHI to agree to new conditions outside the assignment agreement or force a sale of the properties to the Defendants. The lawsuit further asserted that the Defendants owed unpaid contractual rent.
In connection with a memorandum of understanding between the parties dated March 4, 2022, NHI applied the remaining approximately $8.8 million lease deposit to past due rents in the first quarter of 2022. Also, as provided by the memorandum of understanding, Welltower transferred approximately $6.9 million to an escrow account to be released upon satisfactory transition of the facility operations and mutual dismissal of the lawsuit. NHI and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a settlement agreement dated March 31, 2022 with Defendants formalizing the terms to settle the lawsuit.
NHI and certain of its subsidiaries terminated the master lease with Well Churchill Leasehold Owner, LLC as successor in interest to NHI Master Tenant LLC, effective April 1, 2022, upon completion of the transition of the properties subject to the master lease, as follows: (i) one property was sold to a third party, (ii) one property was transitioned to an existing operator relationship and leased pursuant to an existing master lease, and (iii) the remaining 15 properties were transitioned into two new SHOP partnership ventures. See Note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more information on these new ventures.
Also effective April 1, 2022, the parties agreed to dismiss the lawsuit and mutually release all claims related to or arising out of the litigation and the $6.9 million in escrowed funds were released to NHI and recognized in rental income during the second quarter of 2022. We recognized approximately $0.7 million as a “Gain (loss) on operations transfer, net” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income during the second quarter of 2022 with an immaterial true-up being recognized during the third quarter of 2022. This net loss represents the amount of net working capital deficit assumed by NHI in connection with the transfer of operations following the termination of the master lease. The net working capital assumed by NHI on April 1, 2022 was comprised primarily of facility furniture, fixtures and equipment, net resident accounts receivable, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities.
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FFO & FAD
These supplemental performance measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other REITs. Consequently, our Funds From Operations (“FFO”), Normalized FFO and Normalized Funds Available for Distribution (“FAD”) may not provide a meaningful measure of our performance as compared to that of other REITs. Since other REITs may not use our definition of these measures, caution should be exercised when comparing our FFO, Normalized FFO and Normalized FAD to that of other REITs. These measures do not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) (these measures do not include changes in operating assets and liabilities) and therefore should not be considered an alternative to net earnings as an indication of performance, or to net cash flow from operating activities as determined by GAAP as a measure of liquidity, and are not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash needs.
Funds From Operations - FFO
Our FFO per diluted common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased $0.74 or 20.8% over the same period in 2021 due primarily to the write offs of Bickford’s straight-line rents receivable and unamortized lease incentives totaling approximately $25.2 million, increased legal fees of $1.7 million for the Welltower litigation and transition activities for the legacy Holiday portfolio and property dispositions completed since September 2021, partially offset by the recognition of the Holiday lease deposit of $8.8 million and escrow of $6.9 million in rental income, reduced interest expense. FFO, as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) and applied by us, is net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of real estate property, impairments of real estate, and real estate depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures, if any. The Company’s computation of FFO may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs that do not define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or have a different interpretation of the current NAREIT definition from that of the Company; therefore, caution should be exercised when comparing our Company’s FFO to that of other REITs. Diluted FFO assumes the exercise of stock options and other potentially dilutive securities.
Our Normalized FFO per diluted common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased $0.12 or 3.4% over the same period in the same period in 2021. Normalized FFO excludes from FFO certain items which, due to their infrequent or unpredictable nature, may create some difficulty in comparing FFO for the current period to similar prior periods, and may include, but are not limited to, impairment of non-real estate assets, gains and losses attributable to the acquisition and disposition of non-real estate assets and liabilities, and recoveries of previous write-downs.
FFO and Normalized FFO are important supplemental measures of operating performance for a REIT. Because the historical cost accounting convention used for real estate assets requires depreciation (except on land), such accounting presentation implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen and fallen with market conditions, presentations of operating results for a REIT that uses historical cost accounting for depreciation could be less informative, and should be supplemented with a measure such as FFO. The term FFO was designed by the REIT industry to address this issue.
Funds Available for Distribution - FAD
Our Normalized FAD for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased $7.5 million or 4.59% over the same period in 2021 due primarily to increased legal fees of $1.7 million for the Welltower litigation and transition activities for the legacy Holiday portfolio and property dispositions completed since September 2021, partially offset by the recognition of the Holiday lease deposit of $8.8 million and escrow of $6.9 million in rental income and reduced interest expense. In addition to the adjustments included in the calculation of Normalized FFO, Normalized FAD excludes the impact of any straight-line lease revenue, amortization of the original issue discount on our senior unsecured notes, amortization of debt issuance costs and non-cash share based compensation. We also adjust Normalized FAD for the net change in our allowance for expected credit losses, non-cash share based compensation as well as certain non-cash items related to our equity method investments such as straight-line lease expense and amortization of purchase accounting adjustments.
Normalized FAD is an important supplemental performance measure for a REIT and a useful measure of liquidity as an indicator of the ability to distribute dividends to stockholders. GAAP requires a lessor to recognize contractual lease payments into income on a straight-line basis over the expected term of the lease. This straight-line adjustment has the effect of reporting lease income that is significantly more or less than the contractual cash flows received pursuant to the terms of the lease agreement. GAAP also requires any discount or premium related to indebtedness and debt issuance costs to be amortized as non-cash adjustments to earnings.
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The following table reconciles net income, the most directly comparable GAAP metric, to FFO, Normalized FFO and Normalized FAD and is presented for both basic and diluted weighted average common shares ($ in thousands, except share and per share amounts):
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| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 34,468 |  |  | $ | 30,814 |  |  | $ | 64,540 |  |  | $ | 105,327 |
Elimination of certain non-cash items in net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate depreciation | 17,467 |  |  | 20,035 |  |  | 53,511 |  |  | 61,499 |
Real estate depreciation related to noncontrolling interests | (394) |  |  | (210) |  |  | (998) |  |  | (629) |
Gains on sales of real estate, net | (14,840) |  |  | (19,941) |  |  | (28,342) |  |  | (26,426) |
Impairments of real estate | 9,526 |  |  | 22,462 |  |  | 38,271 |  |  | 22,462 |
NAREIT FFO attributable to common stockholders | 46,227 |  |  | 53,160 |  |  | 126,982 |  |  | 162,233 |
(Gain) loss on operations transfer, net | (19) |  |  | — |  |  | 710 |  |  | — |
Portfolio transition costs, net of noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | 329 |  |  | — |
Gain on note payoff | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,113) |  |  | — |
Loss on early retirement of debt | — |  |  | — |  |  | 151 |  |  | 451 |
Non-cash write-offs of straight-line receivable and lease incentives | 1,001 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,403 |  |  | — |
Recognition of unamortized note receivable commitment fees | — |  |  | (375) |  |  | — |  |  | (375) |
Litigation settlement | — |  |  | (266) |  |  | — |  |  | (266) |
Normalized FFO attributable to common stockholders | 47,209 |  |  | 52,519 |  |  | 155,462 |  |  | 162,043 |
Straight-line lease revenue, net | (3,477) |  |  | (3,798) |  |  | (10,020) |  |  | (12,189) |
Straight-line lease revenue, net, related to noncontrolling interests | 35 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 65 |
Non-real estate depreciation | 66 |  |  | — |  |  | 66 |  |  | — |
Non-real estate depreciation related to noncontrolling interest | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |
Amortization of lease incentives | 58 |  |  | 252 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 774 |
Amortization of original issue discount | 80 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 214 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 529 |  |  | 556 |  |  | 1,619 |  |  | 1,849 |
Amortization related to equity method investment | (167) |  |  | 268 |  |  | (572) |  |  | 1,324 |
Straight-line lease expense related to equity method investment | (2) |  |  | 11 |  |  | (13) |  |  | 56 |
Note receivable credit loss expense | 1,803 |  |  | (37) |  |  | 1,680 |  |  | 1,134 |
Non-cash share-based compensation | 1,065 |  |  | 989 |  |  | 7,576 |  |  | 7,427 |
Equity method investment capital expenditures | (105) |  |  | (105) |  |  | (315) |  |  | (315) |
Equity method investment non-refundable fees received | 418 |  |  | 418 |  |  | 884 |  |  | 1,179 |
Equity method investment distributions | — |  |  | — |  |  | (569) |  |  | — |
Senior housing portfolio recurring capital expenditures | (130) |  |  | — |  |  | (260) |  |  | — |
Normalized FAD attributable to common stockholders | $ | 47,378 |  |  | $ | 51,173 |  |  | $ | 156,050 |  |  | $ | 163,561 |
BASIC |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 44,339,975 |  |  | 45,850,599 |  |  | 45,236,696 |  |  | 45,668,762 |
NAREIT FFO attributable to common stockholders per share | $ | 1.04 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |  |  | $ | 2.81 |  |  | $ | 3.55 |
Normalized FFO attributable to common stockholders per share | $ | 1.06 |  |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | $ | 3.44 |  |  | $ | 3.55 |
DILUTED |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 44,402,582 |  |  | 45,851,424 |  |  | 45,261,123 |  |  | 45,689,091 |
NAREIT FFO attributable to common stockholders per share | $ | 1.04 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |  |  | $ | 2.81 |  |  | $ | 3.55 |
Normalized FFO attributable to common stockholders per share | $ | 1.06 |  |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | $ | 3.43 |  |  | $ | 3.55 |

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Adjusted EBITDA
We consider Adjusted EBITDA to be an important supplemental measure because it provides information which we use to evaluate our performance and serves as an indication of our ability to service debt. We define Adjusted EBITDA as consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, excluding real estate asset impairments and gains on dispositions and certain items which, due to their infrequent or unpredictable nature, may create some difficulty in comparing Adjusted EBITDA for the current period to similar prior periods. These items include, but are not limited to, impairment of non-real estate assets, gains and losses attributable to the acquisition and disposition of assets and liabilities, and recoveries of previous write-downs. Adjusted EBITDA also includes our proportionate share of unconsolidated equity method investments presented on a similar basis. Since others may not use our definition of Adjusted EBITDA, caution should be exercised when comparing our Adjusted EBITDA to that of other companies.
The following table reconciles net income, the most directly comparable GAAP metric, to Adjusted EBITDA ($ in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net income | $ | 34,229 |  |  | $ | 30,849 |  |  | $ | 63,941 |  |  | $ | 105,462 |
Interest expense | 11,412 |  |  | 12,715 |  |  | 32,472 |  |  | 38,528 |
Franchise, excise and other taxes | 225 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 694 |  |  | 709 |
Depreciation | 17,533 |  |  | 20,035 |  |  | 53,577 |  |  | 61,499 |
NHI’s share of EBITDA adjustments for unconsolidated entities | 713 |  |  | 678 |  |  | 1,287 |  |  | 2,164 |
Note receivable credit loss expense | 1,803 |  |  | (37) |  |  | 1,680 |  |  | 1,134 |
Gains on sales of real estate, net | (14,840) |  |  | (19,941) |  |  | (28,342) |  |  | (26,426) |
(Gain) loss on operations transfer, net | (19) |  |  | — |  |  | 710 |  |  | — |
Gain on note payoff | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,113) |  |  | — |
Loss on early retirement of debt | — |  |  | — |  |  | 151 |  |  | 451 |
Impairment of real estate | 9,526 |  |  | 22,462 |  |  | 38,271 |  |  | 22,462 |
Recognition of unamortized note receivable commitment fees | — |  |  | (375) |  |  | — |  |  | (375) |
Litigation settlement | — |  |  | (266) |  |  | — |  |  | (266) |
Non-cash write-off of straight-line rents receivable and lease amortization | 1,001 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,403 |  |  | — |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 61,583 |  |  | $ | 66,364 |  |  | $ | 191,731 |  |  | $ | 205,342 |
Interest expense at contractual rates | $ | 10,821 |  |  | $ | 10,234 |  |  | $ | 30,640 |  |  | $ | 31,055 |
Interest rate swap payments, net | — |  |  | 1,851 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,448 |
Principal payments | 290 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 290 |  |  | 276 |
Fixed Charges | $ | 11,111 |  |  | $ | 12,177 |  |  | $ | 30,930 |  |  | $ | 36,779 |
Fixed Charge Coverage | 5.5x |  | 5.4x |  | 6.2x |  | 5.6x

For all periods presented, EBITDA reflects GAAP interest expense, which excludes amounts capitalized during the period.
Net Operating Income
Net operating income (“NOI”) is a U.S. non-GAAP supplemental financial measure used to evaluate the operating performance of real estate. We define NOI as total revenues, less tenant reimbursements and property operating expenses. We believe NOI provides investors relevant and useful information as it measures the operating performance of our properties at the property level on an unleveraged basis. We use NOI to make decisions about resource allocations and to assess the property level performance of our properties.
The following table reconciles NOI to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP metric ($ in thousands):
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| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30 |  | September 30
NOI Reconciliations: | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net income | $ | 34,229 |  |  | $ | 30,849 |  |  | $ | 63,941 |  |  | $ | 105,462 |
Losses (gains) from equity method investment | — |  |  | 557 |  |  | (569) |  |  | 2,274 |
Loss on early retirement of debt | — |  |  | — |  |  | 151 |  |  | 451 |
Gain on note payoff | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,113) |  |  | — |
(Gain) loss on operations transfer, net | (19) |  |  | — |  |  | 710 |  |  | — |
Gains on sales of real estate, net | (14,840) |  |  | (19,941) |  |  | (28,342) |  |  | (26,426) |
Loan and realty losses | 11,329 |  |  | 22,425 |  |  | 39,951 |  |  | 23,596 |
General and administrative | 4,744 |  |  | 3,650 |  |  | 17,893 |  |  | 15,229 |
Franchise, excise and other taxes | 225 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 694 |  |  | 709 |
Legal | 88 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 2,254 |  |  | 207 |
Interest | 11,412 |  |  | 12,715 |  |  | 32,472 |  |  | 38,528 |
Depreciation | 17,533 |  |  | 20,035 |  |  | 53,577 |  |  | 61,499 |
Consolidated net operating income (NOI) | $ | 64,701 |  |  | $ | 70,651 |  |  | $ | 181,619 |  |  | $ | 221,529 |
NOI by segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real Estate Investments | $ | 61,856 |  |  | $ | 70,230 |  |  | $ | 175,744 |  |  | $ | 220,969 |
SHOP | 2,774 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,653 |  |  | — |
Non-Segment/Corporate | 71 |  |  | 421 |  |  | 222 |  |  | 560 |
Total NOI | $ | 64,701 |  |  | $ | 70,651 |  |  | $ | 181,619 |  |  | $ | 221,529 |

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
At September 30, 2022, we were exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in interest rates on approximately $250.0 million of variable-rate indebtedness and on our mortgage and other notes receivable. The unused portion ($690.0 million at September 30, 2022) of our revolving credit facility, should it be drawn upon, is subject to variable rates.
Interest rate fluctuations will generally not affect our future earnings or cash flows on our fixed rate debt and loans receivable unless such instruments mature or are otherwise terminated. However, interest rate changes will affect the fair value of our fixed rate instruments. Conversely, changes in interest rates on variable rate debt and investments would change our future earnings and cash flows, but not significantly affect the fair value of those instruments. Assuming a 50 basis-point increase or decrease in the interest rate related to variable-rate debt, and assuming no change in the outstanding balance as of September 30, 2022, net interest expense would increase or decrease annually by approximately $1.3 million or $0.03 per common share on a diluted basis.
Our derivative financial instruments matured on December 31, 2021. We have historically used derivative financial instruments in the normal course of business to mitigate interest rate risk. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. Derivatives are included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value. We may engage in hedging strategies to manage our exposure to market risks in the future, depending on an analysis of the interest rate environment and the costs and risks of such strategies.
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our debt ($ in thousands):

| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| Balance 1 |  | % of total |  | Rate 2 |  | Balance 1 |  | % of total |  | Rate 2
Fixed rate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private placement term loans - unsecured | $ | 400,000 |  |  | 35.5 | % |  | 4.15 | % |  | $ | 400,000 |  |  | 31.9 | % |  | 4.15 | %
Senior notes - unsecured | 400,000 |  |  | 35.5 | % |  | 3.00 | % |  | 400,000 |  |  | 31.9 | % |  | 3.00 | %
Fannie Mae term loans - secured, non-recourse | 76,748 |  |  | 6.8 | % |  | 3.97 | % |  | 77,038 |  |  | 6.2 | % |  | 3.97 | %
Variable rate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bank term loans - unsecured | 240,000 |  |  | 21.3 | % |  | 4.39 | % |  | 375,000 |  |  | 30.0 | % |  | 1.41 | %
Revolving credit facility - unsecured | 10,000 |  |  | 0.9 | % |  | 4.19 | % |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — | %
| $ | 1,126,748 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 3.74 | % |  | $ | 1,252,038 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 2.95 | %
1 Differs from carrying amount due to unamortized discounts and loan costs. |  |  |  |  |  |
2 Total is weighted average rate |  |  |  |  |  |

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To highlight the sensitivity of our fixed rate debt to changes in interest rates, the following summary shows the effects on fair value (“FV”) assuming a parallel shift of 50 bps in market interest rates for a contract with similar maturities as of September 30, 2022 ($ in thousands):

| Balance |  | Fair Value 1 |  | FV reflecting change in interest rates
Fixed rate: |  |  |  |  | -50 bps |  | +50 bps
Private placement term loans - unsecured | $ | 400,000 |  |  | $ | 385,855 |  |  | $ | 389,583 |  |  | $ | 382,186 |
Senior notes | 400,000 |  |  | 318,054 |  |  | 329,952 |  |  | 306,627 |
Fannie Mae loans | 76,748 |  |  | 72,463 |  |  | 73,348 |  |  | 71,589 |
1 The change in fair value of our fixed rate debt was due primarily to the overall change in interest rates.

At September 30, 2022, the fair value of our mortgage and other notes receivable, discounted for estimated changes in the risk-free rate, was approximately $205.5 million. A 50 basis-point increase in market rates would decrease the estimated fair value of our mortgage and other loans by approximately $2.3 million, while a 50 basis point decrease in such rates would increase their estimated fair value by approximately $6.4 million.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Control and Procedures. As of September 30, 2022, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of management’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934) to ensure information required to be disclosed in our filings under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms; and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and our CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving desired control objectives, and management is necessarily required to apply its judgment when evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of potential controls and procedures. Based upon the evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the design and operation of these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2022.
There were no significant changes in our internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to the date of their evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation during the three months ended September 30, 2022, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
Our health care facilities are subject to claims and suits in the ordinary course of business. Our lessees and borrowers have indemnified, and are obligated to continue to indemnify us, against all liabilities arising from the operation of the facilities, and are further obligated to indemnify us against environmental or title problems affecting the real estate underlying such facilities. In addition, such claims may include, among other things professional liability and general liability claims, as well as regulatory proceedings related to our SHOP segment where we are the holder of the applicable healthcare license. While there may be lawsuits pending against us and certain of the owners and/or lessees of our facilities, management believes that the ultimate resolution of all such pending proceedings will have no direct material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Welltower, Inc.
In June 2021, Welltower announced that it would acquire certain assets from the senior housing portfolio of Holiday, a privately held senior living management company that included 17 senior living facilities governed by a master lease originally executed between a Holiday subsidiary and NHI in 2013. We received no rent due under the master lease from the tenant for these facilities after this change in tenant ownership occurred in late July 2021.
On December 20, 2021, NHI and its subsidiaries NHI-REIT of Next House, LLC, Myrtle Beach Retirement Resident LLC, and Voorhees Retirement Residence LLC filed suit against Welltower, Inc., Welltower Victory II TRS LLC, and Well Churchill Leasehold Owner LLC (collectively the "Defendants") in the Delaware Court of Chancery (Case No. 2021-1097-MTZ). In the litigation, we contended that the Defendants failed repeatedly to honor their legal obligations to NHI. In particular, we asserted that the Defendants acquired assets from a third party, Holiday, that included leases to NHI senior living facilities and fraudulently induced NHI to consent to the assignment of the leases, and then immediately failed to pay rent or provide a promised security agreement that was intended to secure against their default, all as part of an effort to pressure NHI to agree to new conditions outside the assignment agreement or force a sale of the properties to the Defendants. The lawsuit further asserted that the Defendants owed unpaid contractual rent.
In connection with a memorandum of understanding between the parties dated March 4, 2022, NHI applied the remaining approximately $8.8 million lease deposit to past due rents in the first quarter of 2022. Also, as provided by the memorandum of understanding, Welltower transferred approximately $6.9 million to an escrow account to be released upon satisfactory transition of the facility operations and mutual dismissal of the lawsuit. NHI and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a settlement agreement dated March 31, 2022 with Defendants formalizing the terms to settle the lawsuit.
NHI and certain of its subsidiaries terminated the master lease with Well Churchill Leasehold Owner, LLC as successor in interest to NHI Master Tenant LLC, effective April 1, 2022, upon completion of the transition of the properties subject to the master lease, as follows: (i) one property was sold to a third party, (ii) one property was transitioned to an existing operator relationship and leased pursuant to an existing master lease, and (iii) the remaining 15 properties were transitioned into two new SHOP partnership ventures. See Note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more information on these new ventures.
Also effective April 1, 2022, the parties agreed to dismiss the lawsuit and mutually release all claims related to or arising out of the litigation and the $6.9 million in escrowed funds were released to NHI and recognized as rental income during the second quarter of 2022.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in that Annual Report on Form 10-K, except as amended and supplemented by the additional risk factor below. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and the additional risk factor below are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results. The Company believes the following additional risk factor has become more important given the Company’s expansion into the SHOP segment.
We depend on our ability to retain our management team and other personnel and attract suitable replacements should any such personnel leave.
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The management and governance of the Company depends on the services of certain key personnel, including senior management. The departure of any key personnel could have an adverse effect on the Company and adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. Our senior management team possesses substantial experience and expertise and has strong business relationships with our tenants and operators and other members of the business communities and industries in which we operate. As a result, the loss of these personnel could jeopardize our relationships and operations. We cannot predict the impact that any such departures could have on our ability to achieve our objectives. Furthermore, such a loss could be negatively perceived in the capital markets. Other than Mr. Mendelsohn, our Chief Executive Officer, we do not have employment agreements with any of our management team. In addition, we do not have key man insurance on any of our key employees. Our ability to retain and motivate our management team and other personnel and attract suitable replacements should any such personnel leave, could have a significant impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
On April 15, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan (the “2022 Repurchase Plan”), which is scheduled to expire on April 15, 2023. Under this plan, we may repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, with an aggregate gross purchase price of up to $240.0 million. We repurchased 1.3 million and 2.5 million shares under the stock repurchase plan during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. No repurchases of the Company’s common stock were completed during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. As of September 30, 2022, we had approximately $88.4 million available under this plan.

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan ($ in thousands)
April 1, 2022-April 30, 2022 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 240,000 |
May 1, 2022- May 31, 2022 |  | 465,507 |  |  | 59.70 |  |  | 465,507 |  |  | 212,209 |
June 1, 2022- June 30, 2022 |  | 730,668 |  |  | 57.28 |  | 730,668 |  |  | 170,357 |
July 1, 2022- July 31, 2022 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 170,357 |
August 1, 2022-August 31, 2022 |  | 432,146 |  |  | 66.45 |  |  | 432,146 |  |  | 141,640 |
September 1, 2022-September 30, 2022 |  | 840,033 |  |  | 63.43 |  |  | 840,033 |  |  | 88,357 |
Total |  | 2,468,354 |  |  | $ | 61.56 |  |  |  |  |

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Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit No. | Description
3.1 | Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form S-3 Registration Statement No. 333-192322)
3.2 | Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of National Health Investors, Inc. dated as of June 8, 1994, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 Registration Statement No. 333-194653 of National Health Investors, Inc.)
3.3 | Amendment to Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed March 21, 2009)
3.4 | Amendment to Articles of Incorporation approved by shareholders on May 2, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed August 4, 2014)
3.5 | Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed February 15, 2013)
3.6 | Amendment No. 1 to Restated Bylaws dated February 14, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed February 14, 2014)
3.7 | Amendment to Articles of Incorporation approved by shareholders on May 6, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed August 10, 2020)
4.1 | Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 39 to Form S-11 Registration Statement No. 33-41863, filed in paper - hyperlink is not required pursuant to Rule 105 of Regulation S-T)
4.2 | Indenture, dated as of March 25, 2014, between National Health Investors, Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed March 31, 2014)
4.3 | First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 25, 2014, to the Indenture, dated as of March 25, 2014, between National Health Investors, Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed March 31, 2014)
4.4 | Indenture dated as of January 26, 2021, among National Health Investors, Inc. and Regions Bank, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K dated January 26, 2021)
4.5 | First Supplemental Indenture dated as of January 26, 2021, among National Health Investors, Inc. Regions Bank, as trustee, and the subsidiary guarantors set forth therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Form 8-K dated January 26, 2021)
4.6 | Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 31, 2022, among National Health Investors, Inc., Regions Bank, as trustee, and the subsidiary guarantors set forth therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed May 9, 2022)
10.1 | Amendment No. 10 to Master Lease Agreement to Lease with NHC) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed September 8, 2022)
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
31.2 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
32 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | NATIONAL HEALTH INVESTORS, INC.
|  | (Registrant)
Date: | November 8, 2022 | /s/ D. Eric Mendelsohn
|  | D. Eric Mendelsohn
|  | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
|  | (duly authorized officer)
Date: | November 8, 2022 | /s/ John L. Spaid
|  | John L. Spaid
|  | Chief Financial Officer
|  | (Principal Financial Officer)

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