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Share-Based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2012
Share-Based Compensation  
Share-Based Compensation

(5) Share-Based Compensation

        Prior to CVR's initial public offering, CVR's subsidiaries were held and operated by Coffeyville Acquisition LLC ("CALLC"). Management of CVR held an equity interest in CALLC. CALLC issued non-voting override units to certain management members who held common units of CALLC. There were no required capital contributions for the override operating units. In connection with CVR's initial public offering in October 2007, CALLC was split into two entities: CALLC and Coffeyville Acquisition II LLC ("CALLC II"). In connection with this split, management's equity interest in CALLC, including both their common units and non-voting override units, was split so that half of management's equity interest was in CALLC and half was in CALLC II. In addition, in connection with the transfer of the managing general partner of the Partnership to CALLC III in October 2007, CALLC III issued non-voting override units to certain management members of CALLC III.

        CVR, CALLC and CALLC II account for share-based compensation in accordance with standards issued by the FASB regarding the treatment of share-based compensation, as well as guidance regarding the accounting for share-based compensation granted to employees of an equity method investee. CVR was allocated non-cash share-based compensation expense from CALLC, CALLC II and CALLC III.

        In February 2011, CALLC and CALLC II sold 11,759,023 shares and 15,113,254 shares, respectively, of CVR's common stock pursuant to a registered public offering. In May 2011, CALLC sold 7,988,179 shares of CVR's common stock pursuant to a registered public offering.

        As a result, CALLC and CALLC II ceased to be stockholders of the Company. Subsequent to CALLC II's divestiture of its ownership interest in the Company in February 2011 and CALLC's divestiture of its ownership interest in the Company in May 2011, no additional share-based compensation expense has been incurred with respect to override units and phantom units after each respective divestiture date. The final fair values of the override units of CALLC and CALLC II were derived based upon the values resulting from the proceeds received in connection with each entity's respective divestiture of its ownership in CVR. These values were utilized to determine the related compensation expense for the unvested units.

        The final fair value of the CALLC III override units was derived based upon the value resulting from the proceeds received by the general partner upon the purchase of the IDR's by the Partnership. These proceeds were subsequently distributed to the owners of CALLC III which includes the override unitholders. This value was utilized to determine the related compensation expense for the unvested units. No additional share-based compensation has been or will be incurred with respect to override units of CALLC III subsequent to June 30, 2011 due to the complete distribution of the value prior to July 1, 2011.

        The following table provides key information for the share-based compensation plans related to the override units of CALLC, CALLC II and CALLC III.

Award Type
  Benchmark
Value
(per Unit)
  Original
Awards
Issued
  Grant Date   Compensation
Expense for the
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2011
 
 
   
   
   
  (in thousands)
 

Override Value Units

  $ 11.31     1,839,265   June 2005   $ 4,960  

Override Value Units

  $ 34.72     144,966   December 2006     451  

Override Units

  $ 10.00     642,219   February 2008     184  
                       

 

              Total   $ 5,595  

        Due to the divestiture of all ownership in CVR by CALLC and CALLC II and due to the purchase of the IDRs from the general partner and the distribution of all proceeds to CALLC III, there was no associated unrecognized compensation expense as of September 30, 2012.

  • Phantom Unit Appreciation Plans

        CVR, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, has two Phantom Unit Appreciation Plans (the "Phantom Unit Plans") whereby directors, employees, and service providers may be awarded phantom points at the discretion of the board of directors or the compensation committee. Holders of service phantom points have rights to receive distributions when holders of override operating units of CALLC and CALLC II receive distributions. Holders of performance phantom points have rights to receive distributions when holders of override value units of CALLC and CALLC II receive distributions. There are no other rights or guarantees and the plans expire on July 25, 2015, or at the discretion of the compensation committee of the board of directors. In November 2010, CALLC and CALLC II sold common shares of CVR through a registered offering. As a result of this offering, the Company made a payment to phantom unit holders totaling approximately $3.6 million. In November 2009, CALLC II completed a sale of common shares of CVR through a registered offering. As a result of this sale, the Company made a payment to phantom unit holders totaling approximately $0.9 million. As described above, in February 2011, CALLC and CALLC II completed a sale of CVR common stock pursuant to a registered public offering. As a result of this offering, the Company made a payment to phantom unitholders of approximately $20.1 million in the first quarter of 2011. As described above, in May 2011, CALLC completed an additional sale of CVR common stock pursuant to a registered public offering. As a result of this offering, the Company made a payment to phantom unitholders of approximately $9.2 million in the second quarter of 2011. Due to the divestiture of all ownership of CVR by CALLC and CALLC II in 2011 and the associated payments to the holders of service and phantom performance points, there is no unrecognized compensation expense at September 30, 2012. There was no compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 related to the Phantom Unit Plans. Compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 related to the Phantom Unit Plans was approximately $0 and $10.6 million, respectively.

  • Long-Term Incentive Plan

        CVR has a Long-Term Incentive Plan ("LTIP"), which permits the grant of options, stock appreciation rights, non-vested shares, non-vested share units, dividend equivalent rights, share awards and performance awards (including performance share units, performance units and performance-based restricted stock). As of September 30, 2012, only restricted shares of CVR common stock and stock options had been granted under the LTIP. Individuals who are eligible to receive awards and grants under the LTIP include the Company's employees, officers, consultants, advisors and directors. A summary of the principal features of the LTIP is provided below.

  • Stock Options

        In May 2012, all outstanding stock options equaling an equivalent of 22,900 common shares were exercised. No unexercised stock options remain as of the third quarter 2012.

  • Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units

        A summary of restricted stock and restricted stock units grant activity and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 is presented below:

 
  Shares   Weighted-
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
 

Non-vested at January 1, 2012

    1,634,154   $ 14.61  

Granted

    50,837     22.52  

Vested

    (268,012 )   8.38  

Forfeited

    (62,040 )   16.68  
           

Non-vested at September 30, 2012

    1,354,939   $ 16.05  
           

        Through the LTIP, restricted shares have been granted to employees of the Company. Prior to the change of control as discussed in Note 3, the restricted shares, when granted, were valued at the closing market price of CVR's common stock on the date of issuance and amortized to compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the stock. These shares generally vest over a three-year period.

        The change of control and related Transaction Agreement discussed in Note 3 triggered a modification to the LTIP. Pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, all employee restricted stock awards that vest in 2012 will vest in accordance with the current vesting terms and upon vesting will receive the offer price of $30 per share in cash plus one CCP. For all such awards that vest in accordance with their terms in 2013, 2014 and 2015, the holders of the awards will receive the lesser of the offer price or the fair market value as determined at the most recent valuation date of December 31 of each year. As a result of the modification, additional share-based compensation of approximately $12.4 million was incurred to revalue the unvested shares to the fair value upon the date of modification. For awards vesting subsequent to 2012, the awards will be remeasured at each subsequent reporting date until they vest. As a result of the modification of the awards, the classification changed from equity awards to liability awards.

        As of September 30, 2012, there was approximately $17.0 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted shares to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately two years. Compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 related to the restricted shares and stock options was approximately $6.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively. Compensation expense recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 related to the restricted shares and stock options was approximately $26.8 million and $6.7 million, respectively.

  • CVR Partners Long-Term Incentive Plan

        In connection with the Partnership IPO, the board of directors of the general partner adopted the CVR Partners, LP Long-Term Incentive Plan ("CVR Partners LTIP"). Individuals who are eligible to receive awards under the CVR Partners LTIP include employees, officers, consultants and directors of CVR Partners and its general partner and their respective subsidiaries' parents. The CVR Partners LTIP provides for the grant of options, unit appreciation rights, distribution equivalent rights, restricted units, phantom units and other unit-based awards, each in respect of common units. The maximum number of common units issuable under the CVR Partners LTIP is 5,000,000.

        Through the CVR Partners LTIP, phantom and common units have been awarded to employees of the Partnership and the general partner. Units, when granted, are valued at the closing market price of CVR Partners' common units on the date of issuance and amortized to compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award. These units generally vest over a three year period. As of September 30, 2012, there was approximately $1.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the units to be recognized over a weighted-average period of two years. Compensation expense recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 related to the units was approximately $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Compensation expense recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 related to the units was approximately $1.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

        A summary of the CVR Partners LTIP activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 is presented below:

 
  Units   Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 
 
  (in thousands)
 

Non-vested at January 1, 2012

    164,571   $ 22.99  

Granted

         

Vested

    (21,159 )   20.09  

Forfeited

         
           

Non-vested at September 30, 2012

    143,412   $ 23.42