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Organization and History of the Company and Basis of Presentation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Organization and History of the Company and Basis of Presentation
(1) Organization and History of the Company and Basis of Presentation

Organization

The "Company," "CVR Energy" or "CVR" are used in this Report to refer to CVR Energy, Inc. and, unless the context otherwise requires, its subsidiaries.

CVR is a diversified holding company primarily engaged in the petroleum refining and nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing industries through its holdings in CVR Refining, LP ("CVR Refining" or the "Refining Partnership") and CVR Partners, LP ("CVR Partners" or the "Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership"). The Refining Partnership is an independent petroleum refiner and marketer of high value transportation fuels which owns a complex full coking medium-sour crude oil refinery in Coffeyville, Kansas and a complex crude oil refinery in Wynnewood, Oklahoma. The Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership produces and markets nitrogen fertilizers in the form of UAN and ammonia. The Company reports in two business segments: the petroleum segment (the operations of CVR Refining) and the nitrogen fertilizer segment (the operations of CVR Partners).

CVR's common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol "CVI." On May 7, 2012, an affiliate of Icahn Enterprises L.P. ("IEP") announced that they had acquired control of CVR pursuant to a tender offer for all of the Company's common stock (the "IEP Acquisition"). As of September 30, 2016, IEP and its affiliates owned approximately 82% of the Company's outstanding shares.

CVR Partners, LP

On April 13, 2011, the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership completed the initial public offering of its common units representing limited partnership interests (the "Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership IPO"). The common units, which are listed on the NYSE, began trading on April 8, 2011 under the symbol "UAN." In connection with the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership IPO and through May 27, 2013, the Company recorded a 30% noncontrolling interest for the common units sold into the public market. On May 28, 2013, Coffeyville Resources, LLC ("CRLLC"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, completed a registered public offering whereby it sold 12,000,000 Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership common units to the public (the "Secondary Offering").

Immediately subsequent to the closing of the Secondary Offering and through March 31, 2016, public security holders held approximately 47% of the outstanding Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership common units, and CRLLC held approximately 53% of the outstanding Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership common units. As a result of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership's acquisition of CVR Nitrogen, LP and issuance of the unit consideration, the noncontrolling interest related to the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements on April 1, 2016 and from such date and as of September 30, 2016 was approximately 66%. In addition, CRLLC owns 100% of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership's general partner, CVR GP, LLC, which only holds a non-economic general partner interest. The noncontrolling interest reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets of CVR is impacted by the net income of, and distributions from, the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership.

The Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership has adopted a policy pursuant to which the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership will distribute all of the available cash it generates each quarter. The available cash for each quarter will be determined by the board of directors of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership's general partner following the end of such quarter. The partnership agreement does not require that the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership make cash distributions on a quarterly basis or at all, and the board of directors of the general partner of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership can change the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership's distribution policy at any time.

The Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership is operated by CVR's senior management (together with other officers of the general partner) pursuant to a services agreement among CVR, the general partner and the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership. The Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership's general partner manages the operations and activities of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership, subject to the terms and conditions specified in the partnership agreement. The operations of the general partner in its capacity as general partner are managed by its board of directors. Actions by the general partner that are made in its individual capacity are made by CRLLC as the sole member of the general partner and not by the board of directors of the general partner. The members of the board of directors of the general partner are not elected by the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership's common unitholders and are not subject to re-election on a regular basis. The officers of the general partner manage the day-to-day affairs of the business of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership. CVR, the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership, their respective subsidiaries and the general partner are parties to a number of agreements to regulate certain business relations between them. Certain of these agreements were amended in connection with the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership IPO.

CVR Refining, LP

On January 23, 2013, the Refining Partnership completed the initial public offering of its common units representing limited partner interests. The common units, which are listed on the NYSE, began trading on January 17, 2013 under the symbol "CVRR." On May 20, 2013, the Refining Partnership completed an underwritten offering (the "Underwritten Offering") by selling additional common units to the public. In connection with the Underwritten Offering, American Entertainment Properties Corporation ("AEPC"), an affiliate of IEP, also purchased common units in a privately negotiated transaction with a subsidiary of CVR, which was completed on May 29, 2013.

On June 30, 2014, the Refining Partnership completed a second underwritten offering (the "Second Underwritten Offering"). Additionally, on July 24, 2014, the Refining Partnership sold additional common units to the public in connection with the underwriters' exercise of their option to purchase additional common units.

As of September 30, 2016, public security holders held approximately 34% of the Refining Partnership's outstanding common units (including common units owned by affiliates of IEP, representing approximately 3.9% of the Refining Partnership's outstanding common units), and CVR Refining Holdings, LLC (“CVR Refining Holdings”), a subsidiary of CRLLC, held approximately 66% of the Refining Partnership's outstanding common units. In addition, CVR Refining Holdings owns 100% of the Refining Partnership’s general partner, CVR Refining GP, LLC ("CVR Refining GP"), which only holds a non-economic general partner interest. The noncontrolling interest reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets of CVR is impacted by the net income of, and distributions from the Refining Partnership.

On August 2, 2016, an affiliate of IEP sold 250,000 common units of CVR Refining. As a result of this transaction, CVR Refining GP and its affiliates collectively own 69.99% of the CVR Refining's outstanding common units. Pursuant to CVR Refining's partnership agreement, in certain circumstances, CVR Refining GP has the right to purchase all, but not less than all, of CVR Refining common units held by unaffiliated unit holders at a price not less than their then-current market price, as calculated pursuant to the terms of such partnership agreement (the “Call Right”). Pursuant to the terms of the partnership agreement, because CVR Refining GP and its affiliates’ holdings were reduced to less than 70.0% of CVR Refining's outstanding common units, the ownership threshold for the application of such Call Right was permanently reduced from 95% to 80%.  Accordingly, if at any time CVR Refining GP and its affiliates own more than 80% of CVR Refining common units, it will have the right, but not the obligation, to exercise such Call Right.

The Refining Partnership is party to a services agreement pursuant to which the Refining Partnership and its general partner obtain certain management and other services from CVR Energy. The Refining Partnership's general partner manages the Refining Partnership's activities subject to the terms and conditions specified in the Refining Partnership's partnership agreement.The operations of its general partner, in its capacity as general partner, are managed by its board of directors. Actions by its general partner that are made in its individual capacity are made by CVR Refining Holdings as the sole member of the Refining Partnership's general partner and not by the board of directors of its general partner. The members of the board of directors of the Refining Partnership's general partner are not elected by the Refining Partnership's common unitholders and are not subject to re-election on a regular basis. The officers of the general partner manage the day-to-day affairs of the business of the Refining Partnership.

The Refining Partnership has adopted a policy pursuant to which it will distribute all of the available cash it generates each quarter. The available cash for each quarter will be determined by the board of directors of the Refining Partnership's general partner following the end of such quarter. The partnership agreement does not require that the Refining Partnership make cash distributions on a quarterly basis or at all, and the board of directors of the general partner of the Refining Partnership can change the distribution policy at any time.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CVR and its direct and indirect subsidiaries including the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership, the Refining Partnership and their respective subsidiaries, as discussed further below. The ownership interests of noncontrolling investors in CVR's subsidiaries are recorded as a noncontrolling interest included as a separate component of equity for all periods presented. All intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain information and footnotes required for complete financial statements under GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to SEC rules and regulations. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the December 31, 2015 audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in CVR's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, which was filed with the SEC on February 19, 2016 (the "2015 Form 10-K").

The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-02, "Consolidations (Topic 810) - Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis" (“ASU 2015-02”), which amended previous consolidation guidance, including introducing a separate consolidation analysis specific to limited partnerships and other similar entities. Under this analysis, limited partnerships and other similar entities are considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”) unless the limited partners hold substantive kick-out rights or participating rights. Management has determined that the Refining Partnership and the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership are VIEs because the limited partners of CVR Refining and CVR Partners lack both substantive kick-out rights and participating rights. As such, management evaluated the qualitative criteria under FASB ASC Topic 810 - Consolidation in conjunction with ASU 2015-02 to make a determination whether the Refining Partnership and the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership should be consolidated on the Company's financial statements. ASC Topic 810-10 requires the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity's activities to consolidate the VIE. The primary beneficiary is identified as the enterprise that has a) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and b) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The standard requires an ongoing analysis to determine whether the variable interest gives rise to a controlling financial interest in the VIE. Based upon the general partner’s roles and rights as afforded by the partnership agreements and its exposure to losses and benefits of each of the partnerships through its significant limited partner interests, intercompany credit facilities, and services agreements, CVR determined that it is the primary beneficiary of both the Refining Partnership and the Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnership. Based upon that evaluation, the consolidated financial statements of CVR continue to consolidate both the Refining and Nitrogen Fertilizer Partnerships.

In the opinion of the Company's management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary to fairly present the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the results of operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, changes in equity for the nine month period ended September 30, 2016 and cash flows of the Company for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that will be realized for the year ending December 31, 2016 or any other interim or annual period.