(2) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Adoption of New Revenue Standard

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”) using the modified retrospective method applied to contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. The standard was applied prospectively and the comparative information for 2017 has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for the prior period. The Company did not identify any material differences in its existing revenue recognition methods that require modification under the new standard and, as such, a cumulative effect adjustment of applying the standard using the modified retrospective method was not recorded.

Impact on Financial Statements

The Company identified presentation changes associated with contracts requiring customer prepayment prior to delivery and the need to gross up certain fees collected from customers. Prior to adoption of ASC 606, deferred revenue was recorded by CVR Partners upon customer prepayment. Under the new revenue standard, a receivable and associated deferred revenue is recorded at the point in time in which a prepaid contract is legally enforceable and the associated right to consideration is unconditional. The adoption of ASC 606 resulted in a $21 million increase to deferred revenue and accounts receivable as of January 1, 2018. After the effect of adoption of the new revenue standard, deferred revenue and accounts receivable of CVR Partners were $34 million and $31 million, respectively, as of January 1, 2018. Additionally, fees collected from certain customers were previously recorded as a reduction to cost of materials and other. The particular fee, the Oil Spill Liability Tax, relates to taxes imposed on refineries as part of the crude oil procurement process, is charged to certain of CVR Refining’s customers on product sales and is required under the new standard to be included in the transaction price. The impact of the change in presentation was an increase of $1 million to net sales and cost of materials and other for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The following tables display the effect of the changes to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018 for the adoption of ASC 606. The Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows was not impacted due to the adoption of ASC 606 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.



	September 30, 2018
Balance Sheet	As Reported		Balances Without Adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change
(In millions)
Assets
Accounts Receivable	$	214	$	207	$	7

Liabilities
Deferred Revenue	$	32	$	25	$	7

New Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Implemented

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases” (“ASU 2016-02”), creating a new topic, FASB ASC Topic 842, “Leases” (“Topic 842”), which supersedes lease requirements in FASB ASC Topic 840, “Leases”. The new standard revises accounting for operating leases by a lessee, among other changes, and requires a lessee to recognize a liability related to future lease payments and an asset representing its right to use of the underlying asset for the lease term on the balance sheet. Quantitative and qualitative disclosures, including disclosures regarding significant judgments made by management, will be required. In July 2018, the FASB issued updated guidance which provides entities with an additional transition method to adopt Topic 842. Under the new transition method, an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date, versus at the beginning of the earliest period presented, and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company expects to elect this transition method at the adoption date of January 1, 2019. The Company also plans to elect the short-term lease exception provided for in the standard and therefore will only recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term greater than one year. The Company continues to focus its implementation efforts on accounting policy and disclosure updates and system implementation necessary to meet the standard’s requirements. Based on information available to date, the Company estimates the operating lease right of use asset and lease liability may approximate $50.0 - $100.0 million upon adoption. This preliminary estimate of the effect on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as a result of implementing the standard on January 1, 2019 could differ materially depending on guidance changes from the FASB, changes in outstanding leases, final verification of the Company’s lease accounting estimates, and any changes in the Company’s plans to elect certain practical expedients. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the recognition, measurement or presentation of amounts within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40). This ASU addresses customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract and also adds certain disclosure requirements related to implementation costs incurred for internal-use software and cloud computing arrangements. The amendment aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). This standard is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this standard can be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company is evaluating the effect of adopting this new accounting guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820). The ASU eliminates such disclosures as the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Certain disclosures are required to be applied on a retrospective basis and others on a prospective basis. This standard is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect of adopting this new accounting guidance, but does not expect adoption will have a material impact on the Company's disclosures.