(9) Revenue

The following tables present the Company’s revenue disaggregated by major product. The following tables include a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the Company’s reportable segments.



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(in millions)	Petroleum		Nitrogen Fertilizer		Other / Eliminations			Consolidated
Major Product
Gasoline	$	673	$	—	$	—		$	673
Distillates (1)	651		—		—			651
Ammonia	—		13		—			13
UAN	—		64		—			64
Other urea products	—		5		—			5
Freight revenue	6		8		—			14
Other (2)	43		2		(3		)	42
Revenue from product sales	1,373		92		(3		)	1,462

Crude oil sales	23		—		—			23
Other revenue (2)	1		—		—			1
Total revenue	$	1,397	$	92	$	(3	)	$	1,486



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(in millions)	Petroleum		Nitrogen Fertilizer		Other / Eliminations			Consolidated
Major Product
Gasoline	$	712	$	—	$	—		$	712
Distillates (1)	652		—		—			652
Ammonia	—		12		—			12
UAN	—		53		—			53
Other urea products	—		5		—			5
Freight revenue	5		9		—			14
Other (2)	56		—		(1		)	55
Revenue from product sales	1,425		79		(1		)	1,503

Crude oil sales	32		—		—			32
Other revenue	1		1		—			2
Total revenue	$	1,458	$	80	$	(1	)	$	1,537


(1)	Distillates consist primarily of diesel fuel, kerosene and jet fuel.


(2)	Other revenue consists primarily of feedstock and asphalt sales and Cushing, OK storage tank lease revenue. See Note 5 (“Property, Plant and Equipment”) for further discussion on the Cushing, OK storage tanks.

Petroleum

The petroleum segment’s revenue from product sales is recorded upon delivery of the products to customers, which is the point at which title is transferred and the customer has assumed the risk of loss. This generally takes place as product passes into the pipeline, as a product transfer order occurs within a pipeline system, or as product enters equipment or locations supplied or designated by the customer. The petroleum segment has elected to apply the sales tax practical expedient, whereby qualifying excise and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in reported revenues.

Many of the petroleum segment’s contracts have index-based pricing which is considered variable consideration that should be estimated in determining the transaction price. The petroleum segment determined that it does not need to estimate the variable consideration because the uncertainty related to the consideration is resolved on the pricing date or the date when the product is delivered.

The petroleum segment may incur broker commissions or transportation costs prior to product transfer on some of its sales. The petroleum segment has elected to apply the practical expedient allowing it to expense the broker costs since the contract durations are less than a year in length. Transportation costs are accounted for as fulfillment costs and are expensed as incurred since they do not meet the requirement for capitalization.

The petroleum segment’s contracts with its customers state the terms of the sale, including the description, quantity, and price of each product sold. Depending on the product sold, payment from customers is generally due in full within 2 to 32 days of product delivery or invoice date. The petroleum segment’s contracts with customers commonly include a provision which states that the petroleum segment will accept customer returns of off-spec product, refund the customer (or provide on-spec product), and pay for damages to any customer equipment which resulted from the off-spec product. Typically, if the customer is not satisfied with the product, the price is adjusted downward instead of the product being returned or exchanged. The petroleum segment has determined that product returns or refunds are very rare and will account for them as they occur. The petroleum segment generally provides no warranty other than the implicit promise that goods delivered are free of liens and encumbrances and meet the agreed upon specification.

Freight revenue recognized by the petroleum segment is primarily tariff and line loss charges rebilled to customers to reimburse the petroleum segment for expenses incurred from a pipeline operator. An offsetting expense is included in cost of materials and other.

Nitrogen Fertilizer

The nitrogen fertilizer segment sells its products on a wholesale basis under a contract or by purchase order. The nitrogen fertilizer segment’s contracts with customers, including purchase orders, generally contain fixed pricing and most have terms of less than one year. The nitrogen fertilizer segment recognizes revenue at the point in time at which the customer obtains control of the product, which is generally upon delivery and acceptance by the customer. The customer acceptance point is stated in the contract and may be at one of the nitrogen fertilizer segment’s manufacturing facilities, at one of the nitrogen fertilizer segment’s off-site loading facilities, or at the customer’s designated facility. Freight revenue recognized by the nitrogen fertilizer segment represents the pass-through finished goods delivery costs incurred prior to customer acceptance and is reimbursed by customers. An offsetting expense for freight is included in cost of materials and other. Qualifying taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in reported revenues.

Depending on the product sold and the type of contract, payments from customers are generally either due prior to delivery or within 15 to 30 days of product delivery.

The nitrogen fertilizer segment generally provides no warranty other than the implicit promise that goods delivered are free of liens and encumbrances and meet the agreed upon specifications. Product returns are rare, and as such, the nitrogen fertilizer segment does not record a specific warranty reserve or consider activities related to such warranty, if any, to be a separate performance obligation.

The nitrogen fertilizer segment has an immaterial amount of variable consideration for contracts with an original duration of less than a year. A small portion of the nitrogen fertilizer partnership’s revenue includes contracts extending beyond one year, some of which contain variable pricing in which the majority of the variability is attributed to the market-based pricing. The nitrogen fertilizer segment’s contracts do not contain a significant financing component.

The nitrogen fertilizer segment has an immaterial amount of fee-based revenue, included in other revenue in the table above, that is recognized based on the net amount of the proceeds received, consistent with prior accounting practice.

Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations

As of March 31, 2019, CVR Partners had approximately $10 million of remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of more than one year. CVR Partners expects to recognize approximately 39% of these performance obligations as revenue by the end of 2019, an additional 30% by 2020 and the remaining balance thereafter.

Contract balances

The CVR Partners’ deferred revenue is a contract liability that primarily relates to fertilizer sales contracts requiring customer prepayment prior to product delivery to guarantee a price and supply of nitrogen fertilizer. Deferred revenue is recorded at the point in time in which a prepaid contract is legally enforceable and the associated right to consideration is unconditional prior to transferring product to the customer. An associated receivable is recorded for uncollected prepaid contract amounts. Contracts requiring prepayment are generally short-term in nature and, as discussed above, revenue is recognized at the point in time in which the customer obtains control of the product.

A summary of CVR Partners’ deferred revenue activity during the three months ended March 31, 2019 is presented below:



(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	69
Add:
New prepay contracts entered into during the period (1)	9
Less:
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period	12
Revenue recognized related to contracts entered into during the period	1
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	65