Recent Accounting Pronouncement - Adoption of New Lease Standard

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, “Leases” (“ASU 2016-02”), creating a new topic, FASB ASC Topic 842, “Leases” (“Topic 842”), which supersedes lease requirements in FASB ASC Topic 840, “Leases.” The new standard revises accounting for operating leases by a lessee, among other changes, and requires a lessee to recognize a liability related to future lease payments and a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset representing its right to use of the underlying asset for the lease term on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The ROU asset is classified as Other long-term assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The current and long-term lease liabilities are classified as Other current liabilities and Other long-term liabilities, respectively on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

We adopted Topic 842 as of January 1, 2019, electing the option to apply the transition provisions at the adoption date instead of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. In connection with the adoption of Topic 842, we made the following elections:


•	Under the short-term lease exception provided for in Topic 842, only ROU assets and related lease liabilities for leases with a term greater than one year were and will be recognized;


•	The accounting treatment for existing land easements was carried forward;


•	Lease and non-lease components were and will not be bifurcated for all of the Company’s asset groups, respectively; and


•	The portfolio approach was and will be used in the selection of the discount rate used to calculate minimum lease payments and the related ROU asset and operating lease liability amounts.

The Company’s adoption of Topic 842 resulted in the recognition of additional ROU assets and lease liabilities of approximately $56 million as of January 1, 2019, in addition to the recognition of a finance lease asset of $26 million with an obligation of $23 million. There were no impacts to our condensed consolidated statements of operations or cash flows. See Note 6 (“Leases”) for further discussion.

Accounting Change - Turnaround Expenses

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company revised its accounting policy method for the costs of planned major maintenance activities (turnarounds) specific to the Petroleum Segment from being expensed as incurred (the direct expensing method) to the deferral method. Turnarounds are planned shutdowns of refinery processing units for significant overhaul and refurbishment. Under the deferral method, the costs of turnarounds are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over a four-year period of time, which represents the estimated time until the next turnaround occurs. The new method of accounting for turnarounds is considered preferable as it is more consistent with the accounting policy of our peer companies and better reflects the economic substance of the benefits earned from turnaround expenditures. The condensed consolidated balance sheet for the period ended December 31, 2018 and condensed consolidated statement of operations and cash flows for the three months period ended March 31, 2018 have been retrospectively adjusted to apply the new method retrospectively. These turnaround costs, and related accumulated amortization, are included in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as Other long-term assets. The amortization expense related to turnaround costs is included in depreciation and amortization in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. CVR Partners will continue to follow the direct expensing method, therefore this change had no impact on CVR Partners’ current condensed consolidated financial statements.

The policy change for turnaround expenses retrospectively impacted the Company’s December 31, 2018 condensed consolidated balance sheet as presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements. The adoption of Topic 842 on January 1, 2019 incrementally impacted the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of that date. The following presents the financial statement line items impacted by the turnaround accounting change and the Company’s Topic 842 adoption as of the respective dates.

Effect of Turnaround Accounting Change on Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2018



(in millions)	As Previously Reported			Effect of Turnaround Accounting Change (Unaudited)				As Stated (Unaudited)
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation (CVR Partners: $997 and $1,015, respectively)	$	2,445		$	(15	)		$	2,430
Other long-term assets	169			108			(1)	277
Total assets	$	3,907		$	93			$	4,000
Long-term liabilities:
Deferred income taxes	$	362		$	18		(2)	$	380
Total long-term liabilities	1,543			18				1,561
Equity:
CVR stockholders’ equity:
Additional paid-in-capital	1,473			1				1,474
Retained deficit	(226		)	39				(187		)
Total CVR stockholders’ equity	1,246			40				1,286
Noncontrolling interest	622			35				657
Total equity	1,868			75				1,943
Total liabilities and equity	$	3,907		$	93			$	4,000

(1) This represents the capitalized turnaround asset recognized due to the turnaround policy change.

(2) This represents the increase in deferred tax liability due to the recognition of the capitalized turnaround asset.

Effect of Topic 842 Adoption on Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2019



(in millions)	December 31, 2018 As Stated (1) (Unaudited)		Effect of Adoption of Topic 842 - Leases (Unaudited)				January 1, 2019 As Adjusted
Current assets:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	72	$	(3	)	(2)	$	69
Total currents assets	1,293		(3		)		1,290
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation (CVR Partners: $997 and $1,015, respectively)	2,430		26			(3)	2,456
Other long-term assets	277		56			(4)	333
Total assets	$	4,000	$	79			$	4,079
Current liabilities:
Other current liabilities (CVR Partners: $102 and $96, respectively)	$	176	$	16		(5)	$	192
Total current liabilities	496		16				512
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations, net of current portion (CVR Partners: $630 and $629, respectively)	1,167		23			(3)	1,190
Other long-term liabilities	14		40			(5)	54
Total long-term liabilities	1,561		63				1,624
Equity:
Total liabilities and equity	$	4,000	$	79			$	4,079


(1)	Represents the retrospectively adjusted balance sheet amounts upon reflection of the turnaround accounting change prior to the adoption of Topic 842.


(2)	Represents lease prepayments reclassified to right-of-use assets.


(3)	The additional $26 million right-of-use asset and $23 million in lease liability represents a lease with a third-party that met the definition of a finance lease under ASC 842 as compared to an operating lease under ASC 840.


(4)	Represents recognition of initial right-of-use assets for operating leases, including the reclassification of certain lease prepayments as noted above.


(5)	Represents the initial recognition of lease liabilities.

Due to the retrospective adjustments for the turnaround accounting change, the condensed consolidated statement of operations and condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 have adjusted. The impacts to previously reported amounts are shown below only for those line items impacted.

Effect of Turnaround Accounting on Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for Three Months Ended March 31, 2018



(in millions)	As Previously Reported			Effect of Turnaround Accounting Change (Unaudited)			As Stated
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization as reflected below)	$	132		$	(2	)	$	130
Depreciation and amortization	49			15			64
Income tax expense	21			(3		)	18
Net income	103			(10		)	93
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	37			(4		)	33
Net income attributable to CVR Energy stockholders	$	66		$	(6	)	$	60

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	24		$	2		$	26
Net cash used by investing activities	$	(20	)	$	(1	)	$	(21	)

New Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Implemented

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820). The ASU eliminates such disclosures as the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Certain disclosures are required to be applied on a retrospective basis and others on a prospective basis. The ASU is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect of adopting this new accounting guidance, but does not expect adoption will have a material impact on the Company’s disclosures.