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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q

(Mark One)
☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| For the quarterly period ended | June 30, 2019
OR
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-33492
CVR ENERGY, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  |  |  | 61-1512186
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500, Sugar Land, Texas 77479
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(281) 207-3200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
_____________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share | CVI | The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☑ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐
Smaller reporting company | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
There were 100,530,599 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding at July 23, 2019.

June 30, 2019 | 1

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CVR Energy - Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
June 30, 2019

PART I. Financial Information |  |  | PART II. Other Information |
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 4 |  | Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 59
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (unaudited) | 4 |  | Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 59
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited) | 5 |  | Item 5. | Other Information | 60
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity - Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited) | 6 |  | Item 6. | Exhibits | 60
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Six Months Ended June, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited) | 7 |  | Signatures | 61
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - June 30, 2019 (unaudited) | 8 |  |
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 35 |
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 59 |
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 59 |

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (including documents incorporated by reference herein) contains statements with respect to our expectations or beliefs as to future events. These types of statements are “forward-looking” and subject to uncertainties. See “Important Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” section of this filing.

June 30, 2019 | 2

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Important Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including, but not limited to, those under Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. All statements other than statements of historical fact, including without limitation, statements regarding future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, growth, capital projects, impacts of legal proceedings, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives are forward-looking statements. The words “could,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “expect,” “may,” “continue,” “predict,” “potential,” “project,” and similar terms and phrases are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Although we believe our assumptions concerning future events are reasonable, a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors could cause actual results and trends to differ materially from those projected or forward-looking, including but not limited to:

• | volatile margins in the refining and nitrogen fertilizer industries and exposure to risks associated with the pricing and availability of crude oil, other feedstocks, pet coke, utilities, refined products, urea ammonium nitrate (“UAN”), ammonia, Renewable Identification Numbers (“RIN”) and environmental credits;

• | the availability of adequate cash, credit and other sources of liquidity including volatility in the capital and credit markets and changes to our capital requirements;

• | changes in the expected value of, benefits derived from, and our ability to successfully implement, business strategies, transactions and capital projects;

• | the effects of transactions involving forward and derivative instruments;

• | changes in (and in the application of) local, state and federal laws, rules, regulations and policies, including with respect to environmental matters (including climate change), health and safety, exports, transportation (including pipeline and trucking transportation of crude oil and other products), alternative energy or fuel sources, the end-use and application of fertilizers and taxes (including the tax status of CVR Partners);

• | changes in economic conditions impacting our business and the business of our suppliers, customers, counterparties and lenders;

• | interruption of or changes in the cost, availability or regulation of pipelines, vessels, trucks and other means of transporting crude oil, feedstocks, refined products, pet coke, UAN, ammonia and other products relating to our businesses;

• | changes in competition in the petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer businesses including to our competitive advantages;

• | the cyclical and/or seasonal nature of the nitrogen fertilizer and petroleum businesses;

• | weather conditions, fires, tornadoes, floods or other natural disasters affecting our operations or the areas in which our feedstocks or refined products and fertilizers are marketed or sold;

• | risks associated with governmental policies affecting the agricultural and petroleum refining industries;

• | direct or indirect effects from actual or threatened terrorist incidents, security or cyber-security breaches or acts of war;

• | dependence on significant customers and suppliers and the creditworthiness and performance by counterparties;

• | our ability to license the technology used in or secure permits required for the petroleum business and nitrogen fertilizer business operations;

• | adverse rulings, judgments or settlements in litigation or other legal or tax matters, including unexpected environmental remediation costs in excess of any reserves;

• | refinery and nitrogen fertilizer facilities’ operating hazards and interruptions or production declines, including unscheduled maintenance or downtime and the availability and recoverability of adequate insurance coverage; and

• | the factors described in greater detail under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and our other filings with the SEC.

All forward-looking statements contained in this Report only speak as of the date of this Report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date of this Report, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except to the extent required by law.

June 30, 2019 | 3

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
CVR ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited)

(in millions) | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
ASSETS
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents (including $69 and $415, respectively, of consolidated variable interest entities (VIEs)) | $ | 540 |  |  | $ | 668 |
Accounts receivable (including $23 and $169, respectively, of VIEs) | 168 |  |  | 169 |
Due from parent | — |  |  | 4 |
Inventories (including $56 and $380, respectively, of VIEs) | 390 |  |  | 380 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (including $6 and $56, respectively, of VIEs) | 59 |  |  | 72 |
Total current assets | 1,157 |  |  | 1,293 |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization (including $979 and $2,414, respectively, of VIEs) | 2,376 |  |  | 2,430 |
Other long-term assets (including $57 and $270, respectively, of VIEs) | 297 |  |  | 277 |
Total assets | $ | 3,830 |  |  | $ | 4,000 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable (including $21 and $317, respectively, of VIEs) | $ | 323 |  |  | $ | 320 |
Other current liabilities (including $32 and $154, respectively, of VIEs) | 159 |  |  | 176 |
Total current liabilities | 482 |  |  | 496 |
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations (including $631 and $1,167, respectively, of VIEs) | 1,190 |  |  | 1,167 |
Deferred income taxes | 401 |  |  | 380 |
Other long-term liabilities (including $12 and $7, respectively, of VIEs) | 51 |  |  | 14 |
Total long-term liabilities | 1,642 |  |  | 1,561 |
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 11) |  |  |
Equity: |  |  |
CVR stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Common stock $0.01 par value per share, 350,000,000 shares authorized, 100,629,209 shares issued | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Additional paid-in-capital | 1,506 |  |  | 1,474 |
Accumulated deficit | (121 | ) |  | (187 | )
Treasury stock, 98,610 shares at cost | (2 | ) |  | (2 | )
Total CVR stockholders’ equity | 1,384 |  |  | 1,286 |
Noncontrolling interest | 322 |  |  | 657 |
Total equity | 1,706 |  |  | 1,943 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 3,830 |  |  | $ | 4,000 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CVR ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions, except share data) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net sales | $ | 1,687 |  |  | $ | 1,914 |  |  | $ | 3,173 |  |  | $ | 3,451 |
Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | 1,267 |  |  | 1,560 |  |  | 2,368 |  |  | 2,739 |
Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization as reflected below) | 132 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 258 |  |  | 271 |
Depreciation and amortization | 76 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 131 |
Cost of sales | 1,475 |  |  | 1,768 |  |  | 2,767 |  |  | 3,141 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization as reflected below) | 27 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 55 |
Depreciation and amortization | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 6 |
(Gain) loss on asset disposals | (9 | ) |  | 5 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 5 |
Operating income | 192 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 352 |  |  | 244 |
Other (expense) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (26 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | (52 | ) |  | (53 | )
Other income, net | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 3 |
Income before income tax expense | 169 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 306 |  |  | 194 |
Income tax expense | 41 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 33 |
Net income | 128 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 161 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | 12 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 58 |
Net income attributable to CVR Energy stockholders | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 217 |  |  | $ | 103 |
Basic and diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.16 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 2.16 |  |  | $ | 1.19 |
Dividends declared per share | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 1.50 |  |  | $ | 1.25 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted | 100.5 |  |  | 86.8 |  |  | 100.5 |  |  | 86.8 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CVR ENERGY, INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(unaudited)

| Common Stockholders |  |  |  |
(in millions, except share data) | Shares Issued |  | $0.01 Par Value Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total CVR Stockholders’ Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interest |  | Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018 | 100,629,209 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,474 |  |  | $ | (187 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 1,286 |  |  | $ | 657 |  |  | $ | 1,943 |
Dividends paid to CVR Energy stockholders | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (75 | ) |  | — |  |  | (75 | ) |  | — |  |  | (75 | )
Distributions from CVR Partners to its public unitholders | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9 | ) |  | (9 | )
Additional paid-in capital of CVR Refining units | — |  |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (334 | ) |  | (335 | )
Effect of turnaround accounting change | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 101 |  |  | — |  |  | 101 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 102 |
Balance at March 31, 2019 | 100,629,209 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,506 |  |  | $ | (162 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 1,343 |  |  | $ | 315 |  |  | $ | 1,658 |
Dividends paid to CVR Energy stockholders | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (75 | ) |  | — |  |  | (75 | ) |  | — |  |  | (75 | )
Distributions from CVR Partners to its public unitholders | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (5 | )
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 116 |  |  | — |  |  | 116 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 128 |
Balance at June 30, 2019 | 100,629,209 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,506 |  |  | $ | (121 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 1,384 |  |  | $ | 322 |  |  | $ | 1,706 |

| Common Stockholders |  |  |  |
(in millions, except share data) | Shares Issued |  | $0.01 Par Value Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total CVR Stockholders’ Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interest |  | Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2017 | 86,929,660 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,197 |  |  | $ | (208 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 988 |  |  | $ | 835 |  |  | $ | 1,823 |
Dividends paid to CVR Energy stockholders | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (43 | ) |  | — |  |  | (43 | ) |  | — |  |  | (43 | )
Distributions from CVR Partners to its public unitholders | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (23 | ) |  | (23 | )
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 93 |
Balance at March 31, 2018 | 86,929,660 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,197 |  |  | $ | (192 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 1,004 |  |  | $ | 845 |  |  | $ | 1,849 |
Dividends paid to CVR Energy stockholders | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (109 | ) |  | — |  |  | (109 | ) |  | — |  |  | (109 | )
Distributions from CVR Partners to its public unitholders | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25 | ) |  | (25 | )
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43 |  |  | — |  |  | 43 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 68 |
Balance at June 30, 2018 | 86,929,660 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,197 |  |  | $ | (257 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 939 |  |  | $ | 844 |  |  | $ | 1,783 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CVR ENERGY, INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)

| Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 161 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 145 |  |  | 137 |
Deferred income tax expense | 21 |  |  | 3 |
(Gain) loss on disposition of assets | (7 | ) |  | 5 |
Share-based compensation | 11 |  |  | 12 |
Other non-cash items | 4 |  |  | 1 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Current assets and liabilities | (22 | ) |  | (85 | )
Non-current assets and liabilities | 2 |  |  | 4 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 384 |  |  | 238 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (55 | ) |  | (43 | )
Turnaround expenditures | (24 | ) |  | (5 | )
Proceeds from sale of assets and other investing activities | 36 |  |  | (2 | )
Net cash used in investing activities | (43 | ) |  | (50 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Acquisition of CVR Refining common units | (301 | ) |  | — |
Dividends to CVR Energy’s stockholders | (150 | ) |  | (87 | )
Distributions to CVR Refining or CVR Partners’ noncontrolling interest holders | (14 | ) |  | (48 | )
Other financing activities | (4 | ) |  | (1 | )
Net cash used in financing activities | (469 | ) |  | (136 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (128 | ) |  | 52 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 668 |  |  | 482 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 540 |  |  | $ | 534 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
(1) Organization and Nature of Business
Organization
CVR Energy, Inc. (“CVR Energy,” “CVR,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”) is a diversified holding company primarily engaged in the petroleum refining and nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing industries through its holdings in CVR Refining, LP (the “Petroleum Segment” or “CVR Refining”) and CVR Partners, LP (the “Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment” or “CVR Partners”). CVR Refining is an independent petroleum refiner and marketer of high value transportation fuels. CVR Partners produces and markets nitrogen fertilizers in the form of urea ammonium nitrate (“UAN”) and ammonia. The Company’s operations include two business segments: the Petroleum Segment and the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment. CVR’s common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “CVI.”
Icahn Enterprises L.P. and its affiliates (“IEP”) owned approximately 71% of the Company’s outstanding common shares as of June 30, 2019.
CVR Refining, LP
On January 17, 2019, the general partner of CVR Refining assigned to the Company its right to purchase all of the issued and outstanding CVR Refining common units not already owned by CVR Refining’s general partner or its affiliates. On January 29, 2019, the Company purchased all remaining CVR Refining common units not already owned by the Company or its affiliates for a cash purchase price of $10.50 per unit (the “Call Price”), or approximately $241 million in the aggregate (the “Public Unit Purchase”). In conjunction with the exercise of its call right for all CVR Refining common units not already owned by the Company or its affiliates, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with American Entertainment Properties Corporation (“AEP”) and IEP, pursuant to which, on January 29, 2019, all of the Common Units held by AEP and IEP were purchased by the Company for a cash price per unit equal to the Call Price, or approximately $60 million in the aggregate (the “Affiliate Unit Purchase” together with the Public Unit Purchase, the “CVRR Unit Purchase”). The total purchase price of $301 million was funded with approximately $105 million in borrowings under a new credit agreement entered into by the Company on January 29, 2019, with the remaining amount being funded from the Company’s cash on hand. Amounts drawn under the new credit agreement were fully repaid in February 2019. See Note 7 (“Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Obligations”) for further information on the credit agreement. The consolidated results of operations and financial position of CVR Refining are reflected as CVR’s Petroleum Segment. Following this transaction, CVR Refining became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and therefore is no longer accounted for as a variable interest entity.
Effective February 8, 2019, CVR Refining’s reporting obligations under the Exchange Act were suspended. Upon the closing of the CVRR Unit Purchase, the Company, and certain of the Company’s subsidiaries, executed a full and unconditional guarantee of CVR Refining’s Senior Notes due 2022 (the “2022 Senior Notes”). Pursuant to SEC regulations, the Company has elected to provide condensed consolidating financial statements in lieu of providing standalone CVR Refining financial statements. See Note 15 (“Guarantor Financial Information”) for further discussion and the condensed consolidated financial statements.
CVR Partners, LP
As of June 30, 2019, public security holders held approximately 66% of CVR Partners’ outstanding common units, and Coffeyville Resources, LLC (“CRLLC”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of CVR Energy, held approximately 34% of CVR Partners’ outstanding common units. In addition, CRLLC owns 100% of CVR Partners’ general partner, CVR GP, LLC, which holds a non-economic general partner interest. The noncontrolling interest reflected on the condensed consolidated balance sheets of CVR is impacted by the net income of, and distributions from, CVR Partners.
(2) Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Effective January 1, 2019, the Company revised its accounting policy method for the costs of planned major maintenance activities (turnarounds) specific to the Petroleum Segment from being expensed as incurred (the direct expensing method) to the deferral method. Comparable prior period information has been

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
recast to reflect this accounting change. The impact of adopting the new policy to account for turnaround expenses is reflected within a Form 8-K dated June 12, 2019, which recast the December 31, 2018 audited information (the “Recast Form 8-K for 2018”). Refer to Note 3 (“Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Accounting Changes”) for additional information. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the December 31, 2018 audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in CVR Energy’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 as well as the Recast Form 8-K for 2018.
Our condensed consolidated financial statements include the consolidated results of CVR Partners, which is defined as a variable interest entity.
In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that are necessary to fairly present the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the results of operations of the Company for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the changes in equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and the cash flows of the Company for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. Such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, unless otherwise disclosed.
Certain reclassifications have been made within the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 to include gain (loss) on derivatives within the Cost of materials and other financial statement line item to conform with current presentation.
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that will be realized for the year ending December 31, 2019 or any other interim or annual period.
(3) Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Accounting Changes
Recent Accounting Pronouncement - Adoption of New Lease Standard
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, “Leases” (“ASU 2016-02”), creating a new topic, FASB ASC Topic 842, “Leases” (“Topic 842”), which supersedes lease requirements in FASB ASC Topic 840, “Leases.” The new standard revises accounting for operating leases by a lessee, among other changes, and requires a lessee to recognize a liability related to future lease payments and a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset representing its right to use of the underlying asset for the lease term on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The ROU asset for operating leases is classified as Other long-term assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The current and long-term operating lease liabilities are classified as Other current liabilities and Other long-term liabilities, respectively, on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The ROU asset for finance leases is classified as Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The current and long-term finance lease liabilities are classified as Other current liabilities and Long-term debt and finance lease obligations, respectively, on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
We adopted Topic 842 as of January 1, 2019, electing the option to apply the transition provisions at the adoption date instead of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. In connection with the adoption of Topic 842, we made the following elections:

• | Under the short-term lease exception provided for in Topic 842, only ROU assets and related lease liabilities for leases with a term greater than one year were and will be recognized;

• | The accounting treatment for existing land easements was carried forward;

• | Lease and non-lease components were and will not be bifurcated for all of the Company’s asset groups, respectively; and

• | The portfolio approach was and will be used in the selection of the discount rate used to calculate minimum lease payments and the related ROU asset and operating lease liability amounts.

The Company’s adoption of Topic 842 resulted in the recognition of additional ROU assets and lease liabilities of approximately $56 million as of January 1, 2019, in addition to the recognition of a finance lease asset of $26 million with an

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
obligation of $23 million. There were no impacts to our condensed consolidated statements of operations or cash flows. See Note 6 (“Leases”) for further discussion.
Accounting Change - Turnaround Expenses
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company revised its accounting policy method for the costs of planned major maintenance activities (turnarounds) specific to the Petroleum Segment from being expensed as incurred (the direct expensing method) to the deferral method. Turnarounds are planned shutdowns of refinery processing units for significant overhaul and refurbishment. Under the deferral method, the costs of turnarounds are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over a four-year period of time, which represents the estimated time until the next turnaround occurs. The new method of accounting for turnarounds is considered preferable as it is more consistent with the accounting policy of our peer companies and better reflects the economic substance of the benefits earned from turnaround expenditures. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018, the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, and the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018 have been retrospectively adjusted to apply the new method. These turnaround costs, and related accumulated amortization, are included in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as Other long-term assets. The amortization expense related to turnaround costs is included in Depreciation and amortization in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment will continue to follow the direct expensing method, therefore this change had no impact on the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s current condensed consolidated financial statements.
The policy change for turnaround expenses retrospectively impacted the Company’s December 31, 2018 condensed consolidated balance sheet by increasing total assets by $93 million and total equity by $75 million. The adoption of Topic 842 on January 1, 2019 incrementally impacted the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of that date. The following presents the financial statement line items impacted by the turnaround accounting change and the Company’s Topic 842 adoption as of the respective dates.
Effect of Topic 842 Adoption on Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2019

(in millions) | December 31, 2018 As Stated (1) |  | Effect of Adoption of Topic 842 - Leases (Unaudited) |  | January 1, 2019 As Adjusted
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | (3 | ) | (2) | $ | 69 |
Total currents assets | 1,293 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 1,290 |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation | 2,430 |  |  | 26 |  | (3) | 2,456 |
Other long-term assets | 277 |  |  | 56 |  | (4) | 333 |
Total assets | $ | 4,000 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 4,079 |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Other current liabilities | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 16 |  | (5) | $ | 192 |
Total current liabilities | 496 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 512 |
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations | 1,167 |  |  | 23 |  | (3) | 1,190 |
Other long-term liabilities | 14 |  |  | 40 |  | (5) | 54 |
Total long-term liabilities | 1,561 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 1,624 |
Equity: |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 4,000 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 4,079 |

(1) | Represents the retrospectively adjusted balance sheet amounts upon reflection of the turnaround accounting change, for which the Recast Form 8-K for 2018 was filed on June 12, 2019, prior to the adoption of Topic 842.

(2) | Represents lease prepayments reclassified to ROU assets.

(3) | The additional $26 million right-of-use asset and $23 million in lease liability represents a lease with a third-party that met the definition of a finance lease under ASC 842 as compared to an operating lease under ASC 840.

(4) | Represents recognition of initial ROU assets for operating leases, including the reclassification of certain lease prepayments as noted above.

(5) | Represents the initial recognition of lease liabilities.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Due to the retrospective adjustments for the turnaround accounting change, the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 condensed consolidated statement of operations and the six months ended June 30, 2018 condensed consolidated statement of cash flows have been recast. The impacts to previously reported amounts are shown below only for those line items impacted.
Effect of Turnaround Accounting on Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018

(in millions) | As Previously Reported |  | Effect of Turnaround Accounting Change (Unaudited) |  | As Stated
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations |  |  |  |  |
Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization as reflected below) | $ | 141 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 140 |
Depreciation and amortization | 52 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 68 |
Income tax expense | 17 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 15 |
Net income | 79 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | 68 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | 28 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 25 |
Net income attributable to CVR Energy stockholders | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | 43 |

Effect of Turnaround Accounting on Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018

(in millions) | As Previously Reported |  | Effect of Turnaround Accounting Change (Unaudited) |  | As Stated
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations |  |  |  |  |
Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization as reflected below) | $ | 273 |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 271 |
Depreciation and amortization | 102 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 131 |
Income tax expense | 38 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 33 |
Net income | 183 |  |  | (22 | ) |  | 161 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | 66 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | 58 |
Net income attributable to CVR Energy stockholders | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | 103 |
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows |  |  |  |  |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 238 |
Net cash used by investing activities | $ | (41 | ) |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | (50 | )

New Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Implemented
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820). The ASU eliminates such disclosures as the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Certain disclosures are required to be applied on a retrospective basis and others on a prospective basis. The ASU is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect of adopting this new accounting guidance, but does not currently expect adoption will have a material impact on the Company’s disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40). This ASU addresses customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract and also adds certain disclosure requirements related to implementation costs incurred for internal-use software

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
and cloud computing arrangements. The amendment aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). This standard is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this standard can be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company is evaluating the effect of adopting this new accounting guidance on its consolidated financial statements, but does not currently expect adoption will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
(4) Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following:

(in millions) | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Finished goods | $ | 184 |  |  | $ | 186 |
Raw materials | 103 |  |  | 101 |
Parts, supplies and other | 81 |  |  | 81 |
In-process inventories | 22 |  |  | 12 |
Total inventories | $ | 390 |  |  | $ | 380 |

(5) Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

(in millions) | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Machinery and equipment | $ | 3,836 |  |  | $ | 3,785 |
Construction in progress | 73 |  |  | 102 |
Buildings and improvements | 87 |  |  | 87 |
Land and improvements | 45 |  |  | 43 |
Furniture and fixtures | 33 |  |  | 33 |
ROU finance lease | 27 |  |  | — |
Other | 14 |  |  | 17 |
| 4,115 |  |  | 4,067 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation | 1,739 |  |  | 1,637 |
Total property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 2,376 |  |  | $ | 2,430 |

On May 21, 2019, a subsidiary of CVR Energy sold the crude oil storage terminal located in Cushing, Oklahoma and related assets (the “Terminal”). As part of this transaction the Company received cash consideration of $43 million for the Terminal and related crude oil inventories resulting in the recognition of a gain on sale of $9 million. The carrying value of the inventory sold as part of this transaction has been presented on a net basis, with the proceeds on sale, within the net cash used in investing section of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
(6) Leases
Lease Overview
We lease certain pipelines, storage tanks, railcars, office space, land, and equipment across our refining, fertilizer and corporate operations. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Most leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to 20 years or more. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements is limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. Certain of our lease agreements include rental payments adjusted periodically

June 30, 2019 | 12

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
for factors such as inflation. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Additionally, we do not have any material lessor or sub-leasing arrangements.
The adoption of Topic 842 impacted our January 1, 2019 condensed consolidated balance sheet as shown below only for those line items impacted.
Effect of Initial Adoption of Topic 842 - January 1, 2019
ROU Assets. As of January 1, 2019, upon initial recognition, our ROU assets for operating and finance leases were comprised of the following:

(in millions) | January 1, 2019 (initial recognition)
Pipeline and storage agreements (1) | $ | 29 |
Railcar leases (2) | 15 |
Real Estate and other leases (3) | 35 |
Total ROU assets | $ | 79 |

(1) Includes finance leased assets of $1 million as of January 1, 2019.
(2) Includes $14 million of railcar leases recognized by CVR Partners.
(3) Includes finance leased assets of $25 million as of January 1, 2019.
Lease Liabilities. As of January 1, 2019, upon initial recognition, our lease liabilities for operating and finance leases were comprised of the following:

(in millions) |  | January 1, 2019 (initial recognition)
Current liabilities: |  |
Operating leases |  | $ | 14 |
Finance leases |  | 2 |
Long-term liabilities: |  |
Operating leases |  | 40 |
Finance leases |  | 23 |
Total lease liabilities |  | $ | 79 |

Balance Sheet Summary as of June 30, 2019
The following tables summarize the right of use asset and lease liability balances for the Company’s operating and finance leases at June 30, 2019:

(in millions) | June 30, 2019
Operating Leases: |
ROU assets, net |
Pipeline and storage | $ | 24 |
Railcars | 13 |
Real estate and other | 10 |
Lease liability |
Pipelines and storage | $ | 25 |
Railcars | 13 |
Real estate and other | 8 |

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

(in millions) | June 30, 2019
Financing Leases: |
ROU assets, net |
Pipeline and storage | $ | 31 |
Real estate and other | 26 |
Lease liability |
Pipelines and storage | $ | 42 |
Real estate and other | 26 |

Lease Expense Summary for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
We recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we recognized net lease expense comprised of the following components:

(in millions) | Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Operating lease expense | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 8 |
Financing lease expense: |  |  |
Amortization of ROU | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Interest expense on lease liability | 1 |  |  | 3 |

Short-term lease expense, recognized within direct operating expenses, was $2 million and $4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019.
Lease Terms and Discount Rates
The following outlines the remaining lease terms and discount rates used in the measurement of the Company’s ROU assets and liabilities:

| June 30, 2019 |  | January 1, 2019 (initial recognition)
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) |  |  |
Operating Leases | 4.2 |  |  | 4.4 |
Finance Leases | 10.1 |  |  | 10.3 |
Weighted-average discount rate |  |  |
Operating Leases | 5.9 | % |  | 5.8 | %
Finance Leases | 9.6 | % |  | 9.8 | %

June 30, 2019 | 14

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Maturities of Lease Liabilities
The following summarizes the remaining minimum lease payments through maturity of the Company’s right-of-use assets and liabilities at June 30, 2019:

(in millions) | Operating Leases |  | Financing Leases
Remainder of 2019 | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 5 |
2020 | 14 |  |  | 11 |
2021 | 12 |  |  | 11 |
2022 | 9 |  |  | 11 |
2023 | 6 |  |  | 10 |
Thereafter | 4 |  |  | 53 |
Total lease payments | 53 |  |  | 101 |
Less: imputed interest | (7 | ) |  | (33 | )
Total lease liability | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 68 |

(7) Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Obligations
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations consist of the following:

(in millions) | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
CVR Partners: |  |  |
9.25% Senior Secured Notes due 2023 (1)(3) | $ | 645 |  |  | $ | 645 |
6.50% Senior Notes due 2021 | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs | (16 | ) |  | (18 | )
Total CVR Partners Debt | $ | 631 |  |  | $ | 629 |
CVR Refining: |  |  |
6.50% Senior Notes due 2022 (2)(4) | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | 500 |
Finance lease obligations | 67 |  |  | 44 |
Unamortized debt issuance cost | (3 | ) |  | (3 | )
Current portion of finance lease obligations | (5 | ) |  | (3 | )
Total CVR Refining Debt | 559 |  |  | 538 |
Total Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Obligations | $ | 1,190 |  |  | $ | 1,167 |

(1) | This debt was issued at a $16 million discount which is being amortized, as interest expense, over the remaining term of the debt. Debt issuance costs associated with this debt totaled $9 million.

(2) | Debt issuance costs associated with this debt totaled $9 million. On January 29, 2019, the 2022 Senior Notes were amended such that CVR Energy was included as the primary guarantor, on a senior unsecured basis, of the 2022 Senior Notes. The CVR Energy guarantee is full and unconditional and joint and several. See Note 13 (“Supplemental Cash Flow Information”) for further discussion and implications of this change to guarantor.

(3) | The estimated fair value of the 9.25% Senior Notes due 2023 was approximately $674 million and $671 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

(4) | The estimated fair value of the 2022 Senior Notes was approximately $510 million and $493 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Credit Facilities

(in millions) | Total Capacity |  | Amount Borrowed as of June 30, 2019 |  | Outstanding Letters of Credit |  | Available Capacity as of June 30, 2019 |  | Maturity Date
CVR Refining: |
Amended and Restated Asset Based (“Amended and Restated ABL”) Credit Facility (1) | $ | 400 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 393 |  |  | November 14, 2022
CVR Partners: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset Based (“AB”) Credit Facility (2) | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | September 30, 2021

(1) | Loans under the Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility initially bear interest at an annual rate equal to (i) 1.50% plus LIBOR or (ii) 0.50% plus a base rate, subject to quarterly excess availability.

(2) | Loans under the AB Credit Facility initially bear interest at an annual rate equal to (i) 2.00% plus LIBOR or (ii) 1.00% plus a base rate, subject to a 0.50% step-down based on the previous quarter’s excess availability.

Covenant Compliance
The Company is in compliance with all covenants of the Amended and Restated ABL and AB credit facilities and the senior notes as of June 30, 2019.
(8) Revenue
The following tables present the Company’s revenue disaggregated by major product. The following tables include a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the Company’s reportable segments.

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
(in millions) | Petroleum |  | Nitrogen Fertilizer |  | Other / Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Major Product |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gasoline | $ | 816 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 816 |
Distillates (1) | 689 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 689 |
Ammonia | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |
UAN | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |
Other urea products | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Freight revenue | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |
Other (2) | 34 |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 31 |
Revenue from product sales | 1,545 |  |  | 136 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 1,678 |
Crude oil sales | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Other revenue (2) | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Total revenue | $ | 1,552 |  |  | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | 1,687 |

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(in millions) | Petroleum |  | Nitrogen Fertilizer |  | Other / Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Major Product |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gasoline | $ | 1,490 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,490 |
Distillates (1) | 1,344 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,344 |
Ammonia | — |  |  | 63 |  |  | — |  |  | 63 |
UAN | — |  |  | 138 |  |  | — |  |  | 138 |
Other urea products | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Freight revenue | 11 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |
Other (2) | 73 |  |  | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 67 |
Revenue from product sales | 2,918 |  |  | 226 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 3,138 |
Crude oil sales | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |
Other revenue (2) | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Total revenue | $ | 2,949 |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | 3,173 |

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in millions) | Petroleum |  | Nitrogen Fertilizer |  | Other / Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Major Product |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gasoline | $ | 896 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 896 |
Distillates (1) | 832 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 832 |
Ammonia | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |
UAN | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |
Other urea products | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Freight revenue | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |
Other (2) | 58 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 57 |
Revenue from product sales | 1,792 |  |  | 93 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 1,882 |
Crude oil sales | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
Other revenue (2) | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Total revenue | $ | 1,824 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | 1,914 |

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in millions) | Petroleum |  | Nitrogen Fertilizer |  | Other / Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Major Product |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gasoline | $ | 1,608 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,608 |
Distillates (1) | 1,484 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,484 |
Ammonia | — |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |
UAN | — |  |  | 104 |  |  | — |  |  | 104 |
Other urea products | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Freight revenue | 11 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |
Other (2) | 112 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 112 |
Revenue from product sales | 3,215 |  |  | 173 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 3,384 |
Crude oil sales | 64 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 64 |
Other revenue (2) | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Total revenue | $ | 3,282 |  |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | 3,451 |

(1) | Distillates consist primarily of diesel fuel, kerosene and jet fuel.

(2) | Other revenue consists primarily of feedstock and asphalt sales and Cushing, OK storage tank lease revenue. See Note 5 (“Property, Plant and Equipment”) for further discussion on the Cushing, OK storage tanks.

Petroleum Segment
The Petroleum Segment’s revenue from product sales is recorded upon delivery of the products to customers, which is the point at which title is transferred and the customer has assumed the risk of loss. This generally takes place as product passes into the pipeline, as a product transfer order occurs within a pipeline system, or as product enters equipment or locations supplied or designated by the customer. The Petroleum Segment has elected to apply the sales tax practical expedient, whereby qualifying excise and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in reported revenues.
Many of the Petroleum Segment’s contracts have index-based pricing which is considered variable consideration that should be estimated in determining the transaction price. The Petroleum Segment determined that it does not need to estimate the variable consideration because the uncertainty related to the consideration is resolved on the pricing date or the date when the product is delivered.
The Petroleum Segment may incur broker commissions or transportation costs prior to product transfer on some of its sales. The Petroleum Segment has elected to apply the practical expedient allowing it to expense the broker costs since the contract durations are less than a year in length. Transportation costs are accounted for as fulfillment costs and are expensed as incurred since they do not meet the requirement for capitalization.
The Petroleum Segment’s contracts with its customers state the terms of the sale, including the description, quantity, and price of each product sold. Depending on the product sold, payment from customers is generally due in full within 2 to 32 days of product delivery or invoice date. The Petroleum Segment’s contracts with customers commonly include a provision which states that the Petroleum Segment will accept customer returns of off-spec product and refund the customer (or provide on-spec product). Typically, if the customer is not satisfied with the product, the price is adjusted downward instead of the product being returned or exchanged. The Petroleum Segment has determined that product returns or refunds are very rare and will account for them as they occur. The Petroleum Segment generally provides no warranty other than the implicit promise that goods delivered are free of liens and encumbrances and meet the agreed upon specification.
Freight revenue recognized by the Petroleum Segment is primarily tariff and line loss charges rebilled to customers to reimburse the Petroleum Segment for expenses incurred from a pipeline operator. An offsetting expense is included in Cost of materials and other.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment
The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment sells its products on a wholesale basis under a contract or by purchase order. The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s contracts with customers, including purchase orders, generally contain fixed pricing and most have terms of less than one year. The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment recognizes revenue at the point in time at which the customer obtains control of the product, which is generally upon delivery and acceptance by the customer. The customer acceptance point is stated in the contract and may be at one of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s manufacturing facilities, at one of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s off-site loading facilities, or at the customer’s designated facility. Freight revenue recognized by the nitrogen fertilizer segment represents the pass-through finished goods delivery costs incurred prior to customer acceptance and is reimbursed by customers. An offsetting expense for freight is included in Cost of materials and other. Qualifying taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in reported revenues.
Depending on the product sold and the type of contract, payments from customers are generally either due prior to delivery or within 15 to 30 days of product delivery.
The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment generally provides no warranty other than the implicit promise that goods delivered are free of liens and encumbrances and meet the agreed upon specifications. Product returns are rare, and as such, the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment does not record a specific warranty reserve or consider activities related to such warranty, if any, to be a separate performance obligation.
The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment has an immaterial amount of variable consideration for contracts with an original duration of less than a year. A small portion of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s revenue includes contracts extending beyond one year, some of which contain variable pricing in which the majority of the variability is attributed to the market-based pricing. The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s contracts do not contain a significant financing component.
The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment has an immaterial amount of fee-based revenue, included in other revenue in the table above, that is recognized based on the net amount of the proceeds received, consistent with prior accounting practice.
Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations
As of June 30, 2019, CVR Partners had approximately $8 million of remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of more than one year. CVR Partners expects to recognize approximately 29% of these performance obligations as revenue by the end of 2019, an additional 36% by 2020 and the remaining balance thereafter.
Contract balances
The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s deferred revenue is a contract liability that primarily relates to fertilizer sales contracts requiring customer prepayment prior to product delivery to guarantee a price and supply of nitrogen fertilizer. Deferred revenue is recorded at the point in time in which a prepaid contract is legally enforceable and the associated right to consideration is unconditional prior to transferring product to the customer. An associated receivable is recorded for uncollected prepaid contract amounts. Contracts requiring prepayment are generally short-term in nature and, as discussed above, revenue is recognized at the point in time in which the customer obtains control of the product. At June 30, 2019, $7 million of the deferred revenue balance pertained to prepaid contracts where the associated receivable was recognized as it had not yet been collected by the Partnership.

June 30, 2019 | 19

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
A summary of CVR Partners’ deferred revenue activity during the six months ended June 30, 2019 is presented below:

(in millions) |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 69 |
Add: |
New prepay contracts entered into during the period | 16 |
Less: |
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period | 68 |
Revenue recognized related to contracts entered into during the period | 8 |
Balance at June 30, 2019 | $ | 9 |

(9) Derivative Financial Instruments
Our segments are subject to price fluctuations caused by supply conditions, weather, economic conditions, interest rate fluctuations, and other factors. To manage price risk on crude oil and other inventories and to fix margins on certain future production, the Petroleum Segment from time to time enters into various commodity derivative transactions. The Petroleum Segment holds derivative instruments, such as exchange-traded crude oil futures and certain over-the-counter forward swap agreements, which it believes provide an economic hedge on future transactions, but such instruments are not designated as hedges under GAAP. There are no premiums paid or received at inception of the derivative contracts or upon settlement. The Petroleum Segment may enter into forward purchase or sale contracts associated with renewable identification numbers (“RINs”). As of June 30, 2019, the Petroleum Segment had open commitments to purchase 34 million RINs.
Commodity derivatives include commodity swaps and forward purchase and sale commitments. There were no outstanding commodity swap positions as of June 30, 2019.
The following outlines the gains (losses) recognized on the Company’s derivative activities, all of which are recorded in Cost of materials and other on the condensed consolidated statements of operations:

Gain (Loss) on Derivatives
| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Forward purchases | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 28 |
Swaps | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | 44 |
Futures | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Total gain on derivatives, net | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 70 |

The following outlines our open commodity derivative instruments, which are classified as Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

Open Commodity Derivative Instruments
(in millions of barrels) | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Forward Contracts: |  |  |
Canadian crude oil | 4 |  |  | 2 |

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
The Company elected to offset the fair value amounts recognized for multiple derivative contracts executed with the same counterparty. These amounts are recognized as current assets and current liabilities within the Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other current liabilities financial statement line items, respectively, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as follows:

| Derivative Assets |  | Derivative Liabilities
(in millions) | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 |  | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Commodity Derivatives | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Less: Counterparty Netting | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | )
Total Net Fair Value of Derivatives | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 820 — Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), the Company utilizes the market approach to measure fair value for its financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets, liabilities or a group of assets or liabilities, such as a business.
ASC 820 utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels:

• | Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

• | Level 2 — Other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities)

• | Level 3 — Significant unobservable inputs (including the Company’s own assumptions in determining the fair value)

The following table sets forth the assets and liabilities measured or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis, by input level, as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

| June 30, 2019
(in millions) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Location and Description |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (investments) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |
Total Assets | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Other current liabilities (Renewable Fuel Standard “RFS” obligation) | — |  |  | (16 | ) |  | — |  |  | (16 | )
Total Liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (16 | )

| December 31, 2018
(in millions) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Location and Description |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (investments) | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Total Assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |
Other current liabilities (RFS obligation) | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Total Liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2 | )

As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the only financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis are the Company’s cash equivalents, investments, derivative instruments, and the RFS obligation. The Petroleum Segment’s commodity derivative contracts and RFS obligation, which use fair value measurements and are valued using broker quoted market prices of similar instruments, are considered Level 2 inputs. The Company had no transfers of assets or liabilities between any of the above levels during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
(10) Share-Based Compensation
A summary of compensation expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is presented below:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
CVR Energy LTIP - Performance Units Award | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |
CVR Refining LTIP - Phantom Units Award | 1 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 7 |
CVR Partners LTIP - Phantom Units Award | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |
Incentive Unit Awards | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2 |
Total Share-Based Compensation Expense | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 12 |

(11) Commitments and Contingencies
Except as described below, there have been no material changes in the Company’s commitments and contingencies disclosed in the 2018 Form 10-K, the Recast Form 8-K for 2018, or Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019. In the ordinary course of business, the Company may become party to lawsuits, administrative proceedings and governmental investigations, including environmental, regulatory, and other matters. The outcome of these matters cannot always be predicted accurately, but the Company accrues liabilities for these matters if the Company has determined that it is probable a loss has been incurred and the loss can be reasonably estimated. While it is not possible to predict the outcome of such proceedings, if one or more of them were decided against us, the Company believes there would be no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Crude Oil Supply Agreement
On August 31, 2012, an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Petroleum Segment and Vitol Inc. (“Vitol”) entered into an Amended and Restated Crude Oil Supply Agreement (as amended, the “Crude Oil Supply Agreement”). Under the Crude Oil Supply Agreement, Vitol supplies the Petroleum Segment with crude oil and intermediation logistics helping to reduce the amount of inventory held at a certain point and mitigate crude oil pricing risk. Volumes contracted under the Crude Oil Supply Agreement, as a percentage of the total crude oil purchases (in barrels), was approximately 40% and 44% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and 40% and 40% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Crude Oil Supply Agreement automatically renews for successive one-year terms (each such term, a “Renewal Term”) unless either party provides the other with notice of nonrenewal at least 180 days prior to expiration of any Renewal Term.
Renewable Fuel Standard (“RFS”)
The Petroleum Segment is subject to the RFS of the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) that require refiners to either blend “renewable fuels” in with their transportation fuels or purchase renewable fuel credits, known as renewable identification numbers (“RINs”), in lieu of blending. The Petroleum Segment is not able to blend the substantial majority of its transportation fuels and has to purchase RINs on the open market, as well as obtain waiver credits for cellulosic biofuels from the EPA in order to comply with the RFS.
The Company recognized expense of approximately $21 million and $50 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, for the Petroleum Segment‘s compliance with RFS. The Company recognized expense of approximately $33 million and $27 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, for the Petroleum Segment‘s compliance with RFS. The expense recognized was included within Cost of materials and other in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s costs to comply with the RFS include the purchased cost of RINs, the impact of recognizing the Petroleum Segment‘s uncommitted biofuel blending obligation at fair value based on market prices at each reporting date, and the valuation change of RINs purchases in excess of its RFS obligation as of the reporting date.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Litigation
The U.S. Attorney’s office for the Southern District of New York contacted CVR Energy in September 2017 seeking production of information pertaining to CVR Refining’s, CVR Energy’s and Mr. Carl C. Icahn’s activities relating to the RFS and Mr. Icahn’s former role as an advisor to the President. We cooperated with the request and provided information in response to the subpoena. The U.S. Attorney’s office has not made any claims or allegations against us or Mr. Icahn. We maintain a strong compliance program and, while no assurances can be made, we do not believe this inquiry will have a material impact on its business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
In 2008, Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizer LLC (“CRNF”), a subsidiary of CVR Partners LP, protested the reclassification and reassessment by Montgomery County, Kansas (the “County”) of CRNF’s nitrogen fertilizer plant following expiration of its ten year property tax abatement that expired on December 31, 2007, which reclassification and reassessment resulted in an increase in CRNF’s annual property tax expense in excess of $10 million per year for the 2008 through 2012 tax years. Despite its protest, CRNF fully accrued and paid these property taxes. In February 2013, the County and CRNF agreed to a settlement for tax years 2009 through 2012 which resulted in decreased property taxes through 2017, leaving 2008 in dispute. In 2013, the Kansas Court of Appeals overturned an adverse ruling of the Kansas Board of Tax Appeals (“BOTA”) and instructed BOTA to classify each CRNF asset on an asset-by-asset basis. In March 2015, BOTA concluded its classification and determined a substantial majority of CRNF’s assets in dispute were personal property for the 2008 tax year. In September 2018, the Kansas Court of Appeals upheld BOTA’s property tax determinations in CRNF’s favor. In October 2018, the County petitioned the Kansas Supreme Court to review the Court of Appeals determination. Subsequent briefs were filed by CRNF and the County. In April 2019, CRNF and the County executed an agreement under which the County agreed to withdraw its petition to the Kansas Supreme Court and CRNF is expected to recover $7.9 million through favorable property tax assessments from 2019 through 2028, subject to the terms of the settlement agreement.
During 2019, CVR Energy, CVR Refining, CVR Refining Holdings, IEP, and certain directors and affiliates have been named in nine lawsuits filed in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (“Chancery Court”) by purported former unitholders of CVR Refining, on behalf of themselves and an alleged class of similarly situated unitholders (the “Call Option Lawsuits”). The Call Option Lawsuits primarily allege breach of contract, tortious interference and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing and seek monetary damages and attorneys’ fees, among other remedies, relating to the Company’s exercise of the call option under the CVR Refining Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership assigned to it by CVR Refining’s general partner. The Call Option Lawsuits have been consolidated in Chancery Court and are in the early stages of litigation. The Company believes the Call Option Lawsuits are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against them.
(12) Business Segments
CVR Energy’s revenues are derived from two operating segments: the Petroleum Segment and the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments based primarily on segment operating income and EBITDA. For the purposes of the operating segment disclosure, the Company presents operating income as it is the most comparable measure to the amounts presented on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The other amounts reflect intercompany eliminations, corporate cash and cash equivalents, income tax activities and other corporate activities that are not allocated to the operating segments.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
The following table summarizes certain operating results and capital expenditures information by segment:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Petroleum | $ | 1,552 |  |  | $ | 1,824 |  |  | $ | 2,949 |  |  | $ | 3,282 |
Nitrogen Fertilizer | 138 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 173 |
Other | (3 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (4 | )
Total | $ | 1,687 |  |  | $ | 1,914 |  |  | $ | 3,173 |  |  | $ | 3,451 |
Operating Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Petroleum | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 319 |  |  | $ | 256 |
Nitrogen Fertilizer | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |  |  | (4 | )
Other | (6 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (11 | ) |  | (8 | )
Total | 192 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 352 |  |  | 244 |
Interest expense, net | (26 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | (52 | ) |  | (53 | )
Other income, net | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 3 |
Income before income taxes | $ | 169 |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | 306 |  |  | $ | 194 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Petroleum | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 97 |
Nitrogen Fertilizer | 25 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 37 |
Other | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |
Total | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | 145 |  |  | $ | 137 |
Capital expenditures (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Petroleum | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 29 |
Nitrogen Fertilizer | 2 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 11 |
Other | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2 |
Total | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 42 |

The following table summarizes total assets by segment:

(in millions) | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Petroleum | $ | 2,833 |  |  | $ | 2,453 |
Nitrogen Fertilizer | 1,190 |  |  | 1,254 |
Other (2) | (193 | ) |  | 293 |
Total Assets | $ | 3,830 |  |  | $ | 4,000 |

(1)Capital expenditures are shown exclusive of turnarounds.
(2)Includes elimination of intercompany assets.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
(13) Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Cash flows related to interest, leases, and capital expenditures included in accounts payable were as follows:

| Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018
Supplemental disclosures: |
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 8 |
Cash paid for interest | 52 |  |  | 52 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities*: |  |  |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | 3 |  |  |
Financing cash flows from finance leases | 3 |  |  |
Non-cash investing activities: |  |  |
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable | 8 |  |  | 8 |

(*)The lease standard was adopted on January 1, 2019 on a prospective basis. Therefore only 2019 disclosures are applicable to be included within the table above.
(14) Related Party Transactions
Activity associated with the Company’s related party arrangements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is summarized below:
Expenses from related parties

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Cost of materials and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Joint Venture Transportation Agreement: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Enable | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 3 |

Amounts due from related parties

(in millions) | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Tax Allocation Agreement: |  |  |
American Entertainment Properties Corporation (“AEP”) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |

Dividends to CVR Energy Stockholders
The following table presents dividends paid to the Company’s stockholders, including IEP, as of June 30, 2019.

|  |  |  |  |  | Dividends Paid (in millions)
Related Period |  | Date Paid |  | Dividend Per Share |  | Stockholders |  | IEP |  | Total
2018 - 4th Quarter |  | March 11, 2019 |  | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 75 |
2019 - 1st Quarter |  | May 13, 2019 |  | 0.75 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 75 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 1.50 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 150 |

For the second quarter of 2019, the Company, upon approval by the Company’s board of directors on July 24, 2019, declared a cash dividend of $0.75 per share, or $75 million, which is payable on August 12, 2019 to shareholders of record as of August 5, 2019. Of this amount, IEP will receive $54 million due to its ownership interest in the Company’s shares.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Dividends, if any, including the payment, amount and timing thereof, are subject to change at the discretion of the Board of Directors.
Distributions to CVR Partners’ Unitholders
The following table presents distributions paid by CVR Partners to CVR Partners’ unitholders, including amounts received by the Company, as of June 30, 2019.

|  |  |  |  |  | Dividends Paid (in millions)
Related Period |  | Date Paid |  | Dividend Per Common Unit |  | Unitholders |  | CVR Energy |  | Total
2018 - 4th Quarter |  | March 11, 2019 |  | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 14 |
2019 - 1st Quarter |  | May 13, 2019 |  | 0.07 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 8 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 22 |

For the second quarter of 2019, CVR Partners, upon approval by the Board of Directors of CVR Partners’ general partner on July 24, 2019, declared a distribution of $0.14 per common unit, or $16 million, which will be paid on August 12, 2019 to unitholders of record as of August 5, 2019. Of this amount, we will receive approximately $5 million, with the remaining amount payable to public unitholders.
Distributions, if any, including the payment, amount and timing thereof, are subject to change at the discretion of the Board of Directors of CVR Partners’ general partner.
(15) Guarantor Financial Information
CVR Refining’s 2022 Senior Notes are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by the Company and certain wholly-owned subsidiaries, including CVR Refining and certain of its subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”). The guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several among the Guarantors.
The information is presented in accordance with the requirements of Rule 3-10 under the SEC’s Regulation S-X and prepared on the equity basis of accounting. The financial information may not necessarily be indicative of results of operations, cash flows or financial position had the Guarantors operated as independent entities. The Company has not presented separate financial and narrative information for each of the Guarantors because it believes such financial and narrative information would not provide any additional information that would be material in evaluating the sufficiency of the Guarantors.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet

| June 30, 2019
(in millions) | Parent |  | Subsidiary Issuer |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Intercompany Elimination |  | Consolidated
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 416 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 540 |
Accounts receivable | — |  |  | — |  |  | 145 |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 168 |
Due to/from parent | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Intercompany receivable | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 8 |  |  | (23 | ) |  | — |
Inventories | — |  |  | — |  |  | 334 |  |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | 390 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 57 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 59 |
Total current assets | 67 |  |  | 418 |  |  | 539 |  |  | 158 |  |  | (25 | ) |  | 1,157 |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,393 |  |  | 982 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,376 |
Investment in and advances from subsidiaries | 1,314 |  |  | 1,647 |  |  | 296 |  |  | — |  |  | (3,257 | ) |  | — |
Other long-term assets | 7 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 297 |
Total assets | $ | 1,388 |  |  | $ | 2,070 |  |  | $ | 2,464 |  |  | $ | 1,190 |  |  | $ | (3,282 | ) |  | $ | 3,830 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 301 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 323 |
Intercompany payables | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | (23 | ) |  | — |
Other current liabilities | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 86 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 159 |
Total current liabilities | 1 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 362 |  |  | 127 |  |  | (25 | ) |  | 482 |
Long-term liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations, net of current portion | — |  |  | 497 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 630 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,190 |
Investment and advances from subsidiaries | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 852 |  |  | (852 | ) |  | — |
Deferred income taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 401 |  |  | — |  |  | 401 |
Other long-term liabilities | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |
Total long-term liabilities | 3 |  |  | 498 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 1,897 |  |  | (852 | ) |  | 1,642 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total CVR stockholders’ equity | 1,384 |  |  | 1,555 |  |  | 2,006 |  |  | (1,156 | ) |  | (2,405 | ) |  | 1,384 |
Noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 322 |  |  | — |  |  | 322 |
Total equity | 1,384 |  |  | 1,555 |  |  | 2,006 |  |  | (834 | ) |  | (2,405 | ) |  | 1,706 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 1,388 |  |  | $ | 2,070 |  |  | $ | 2,464 |  |  | $ | 1,190 |  |  | $ | (3,282 | ) |  | $ | 3,830 |

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet

| December 31, 2018
(in millions) | Parent |  | Subsidiary Issuer |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Intercompany Elimination |  | Consolidated
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 340 |  |  | $ | 261 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 668 |
Accounts receivable | — |  |  | — |  |  | 107 |  |  | 62 |  |  | — |  |  | 169 |
Due to/from parent | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Intercompany receivable | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | (10 | ) |  | — |
Inventories | — |  |  | — |  |  | 316 |  |  | 64 |  |  | — |  |  | 380 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 27 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | 72 |
Total current assets | 40 |  |  | 341 |  |  | 737 |  |  | 194 |  |  | (19 | ) |  | 1,293 |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,413 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,430 |
Investment in and advances from subsidiaries | 1,232 |  |  | 1,601 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 1,440 |  |  | (4,445 | ) |  | — |
Other long-term assets | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 231 |  |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | 277 |
Total assets | $ | 1,272 |  |  | $ | 1,943 |  |  | $ | 2,553 |  |  | $ | 2,696 |  |  | $ | (4,464 | ) |  | $ | 4,000 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 293 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 320 |
Intercompany payables | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | — |
Other current liabilities | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 97 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | 176 |
Total current liabilities | 7 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 367 |  |  | 133 |  |  | (18 | ) |  | 496 |
Long-term liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations, net of current portion | — |  |  | 496 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 629 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,167 |
Investment and advances from subsidiaries | — |  |  | — |  |  | 106 |  |  | — |  |  | (106 | ) |  | — |
Deferred income taxes | (24 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 404 |  |  | — |  |  | 380 |
Other long-term liabilities | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Total long-term liabilities | (21 | ) |  | 496 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 1,037 |  |  | (106 | ) |  | 1,561 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total CVR stockholders’ equity | 1,286 |  |  | 1,440 |  |  | 1,702 |  |  | 1,198 |  |  | (4,340 | ) |  | 1,286 |
Noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | 329 |  |  | 328 |  |  | — |  |  | 657 |
Total equity | 1,286 |  |  | 1,440 |  |  | 2,031 |  |  | 1,526 |  |  | (4,340 | ) |  | 1,943 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 1,272 |  |  | $ | 1,943 |  |  | $ | 2,553 |  |  | $ | 2,696 |  |  | $ | (4,464 | ) |  | $ | 4,000 |

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
(in millions) | Parent |  | Subsidiary Issuer |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Intercompany Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net sales | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,553 |  |  | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | 1,687 |
Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,245 |  |  | 26 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 1,267 |
Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization as reflected below) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 87 |  |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | 132 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | 25 |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |
Cost of sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,383 |  |  | 96 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 1,475 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization as reflected below) | 4 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Gain on asset disposals | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9 | )
Operating income (loss) | (4 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | 163 |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 192 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (2 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | — |  |  | (26 | )
Other income, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Income (loss) from subsidiaries | 131 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | (291 | ) |  | — |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 125 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 12 |  |  | (291 | ) |  | 169 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |
Net income (loss) | 116 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 167 |  |  | (20 | ) |  | (291 | ) |  | 128 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |
Net income (loss) attributable to CVR Energy stockholders | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 156 |  |  | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | (32 | ) |  | $ | (291 | ) |  | $ | 116 |

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in millions) | Parent |  | Subsidiary Issuer |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Intercompany Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net sales | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,824 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | 1,914 |
Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,544 |  |  | 19 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 1,560 |
Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization as reflected below) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 94 |  |  | 46 |  |  | — |  |  | 140 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | 68 |
Cost of sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,685 |  |  | 86 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 1,768 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization as reflected below) | 5 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Loss on asset disposals | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Operating income (loss) | (5 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | 116 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 107 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | — |  |  | (9 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | — |  |  | (26 | )
Other income, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Income (loss) from subsidiaries | 47 |  |  | 117 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | (13 | ) |  | (140 | ) |  | — |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 42 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 105 |  |  | (27 | ) |  | (140 | ) |  | 83 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Net income (loss) | 43 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 105 |  |  | (43 | ) |  | (140 | ) |  | 68 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | — |  |  | 25 |
Net income (loss) attributable to CVR Energy stockholders | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | (32 | ) |  | $ | (140 | ) |  | $ | 43 |

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(in millions) | Parent |  | Subsidiary Issuer |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Intercompany Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net sales | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,948 |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | 3,173 |
Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,323 |  |  | 50 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 2,368 |
Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization as reflected below) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 178 |  |  | 80 |  |  | — |  |  | 258 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  |  | — |  |  | 99 |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | 141 |
Cost of sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,600 |  |  | 172 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 2,767 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization as reflected below) | 9 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
(Gain) loss on asset disposals | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (7 | )
Operating income (loss) | (9 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | 323 |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | 352 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (4 | ) |  | (12 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (30 | ) |  | — |  |  | (52 | )
Other income, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Income (loss) from subsidiaries | 252 |  |  | 324 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (17 | ) |  | (555 | ) |  | — |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 239 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 319 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (555 | ) |  | 306 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 54 |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |
Net income (loss) | 217 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 319 |  |  | (59 | ) |  | (555 | ) |  | 230 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |
Net income (loss) attributable to CVR Energy stockholders | $ | 217 |  |  | $ | 308 |  |  | $ | 314 |  |  | $ | (67 | ) |  | $ | (555 | ) |  | $ | 217 |

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in millions) | Parent |  | Subsidiary Issuer |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Intercompany Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net sales | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,281 |  |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | 3,451 |
Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,700 |  |  | 42 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 2,739 |
Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization as reflected below) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 186 |  |  | 85 |  |  | — |  |  | 271 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  |  | — |  |  | 94 |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 131 |
Cost of sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,980 |  |  | 164 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 3,141 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization as reflected below) | 8 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Loss on asset disposals | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Operating income (loss) | (8 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | 263 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | 244 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | — |  |  | (17 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (30 | ) |  | — |  |  | (53 | )
Other income, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Income (loss) from subsidiaries | 109 |  |  | 261 |  |  | (23 | ) |  | (24 | ) |  | (323 | ) |  | — |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 101 |  |  | 238 |  |  | 237 |  |  | (59 | ) |  | (323 | ) |  | 194 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |
Net income (loss) | 103 |  |  | 238 |  |  | 237 |  |  | (94 | ) |  | (323 | ) |  | 161 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | 81 |  |  | (23 | ) |  | — |  |  | 58 |
Net income (loss) attributable to CVR Energy stockholders | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | 156 |  |  | $ | (71 | ) |  | $ | (323 | ) |  | $ | 103 |

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(in millions) | Parent |  | Subsidiary Issuer |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Intercompany Elimination |  | Consolidated
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | (59 | ) |  | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | 391 |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 384 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (48 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | (55 | )
Turnaround expenditures | — |  |  | — |  |  | (24 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (24 | )
Investment in affiliates, net of return of investment | 512 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 27 |  |  | (806 | ) |  | — |
Other investing activities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 512 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 22 |  |  | (806 | ) |  | (43 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividends to CVR Energy stockholders | (150 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (150 | )
Acquisition of CVR Refining common units | (301 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (301 | )
Distributions to CVR Partners’ noncontrolling interest holders | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14 | ) |  | — |  |  | (14 | )
Distributions or intercompany advances to other CVR Energy subsidiaries | — |  |  | (22 | ) |  | (725 | ) |  | (59 | ) |  | 806 |  |  | — |
Other financing activities | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (451 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  | (727 | ) |  | (75 | ) |  | 806 |  |  | (469 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 2 |  |  | 76 |  |  | (213 | ) |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | (128 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 3 |  |  | 340 |  |  | 261 |  |  | 64 |  |  | — |  |  | 668 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 416 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 540 |

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in millions) | Parent |  | Subsidiary Issuer |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Intercompany Elimination |  | Consolidated
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | (15 | ) |  | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | (125 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 238 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (32 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (43 | )
Turnaround expenditures | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | )
Investment in affiliates, net of return of investment | 21 |  |  | 444 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 171 |  |  | (877 | ) |  | — |
Other investing activities | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 21 |  |  | 442 |  |  | 202 |  |  | 162 |  |  | (877 | ) |  | (50 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividends to CVR Energy stockholders | (87 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (87 | )
Distributions to CVR Refining or CVR Partners’ noncontrolling interest holders | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (48 | ) |  | — |  |  | (48 | )
Distributions or intercompany advances to other CVR Energy subsidiaries | — |  |  | (337 | ) |  | (530 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | 876 |  |  | — |
Other financing activities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (87 | ) |  | (337 | ) |  | (530 | ) |  | (58 | ) |  | 876 |  |  | (136 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 1 |  |  | 90 |  |  | (18 | ) |  | (21 | ) |  | — |  |  | 52 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 4 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 264 |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | 482 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 253 |  |  | $ | 246 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 534 |

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
In the first quarter of 2019, the Company revised its accounting policy method for the costs of planned major maintenance activities (turnarounds) specific to the Petroleum Segment from being expensed as incurred (the direct expensing method) to the deferral method. Comparable prior period information has been recast to reflect this accounting change. The impact of adopting the new policy to account for turnaround expenses is reflected within a Form 8-K dated June 12, 2019, which recast the December 31, 2018 audited information (the “Recast Form 8-K for 2018”). The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 21, 2019 (the “2018 Form 10-K”), the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes and with the statistical information and financial data appearing in this Report as well as our Recast Form 8-K for 2018. Results of operations and cash flows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of results to be attained for any other period. See “Important Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements”.
Company Overview
CVR Energy, Inc. (“CVR Energy,” “CVR,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”) is a diversified holding company primarily engaged in the petroleum refining and nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing industries through our holdings in CVR Refining and CVR Partners. CVR Refining is a refiner that does not have crude oil exploration or production operations (an “independent petroleum refiner”) and is a marketer of high value transportation fuels. CVR Partners produces nitrogen fertilizers in the form of ammonia and urea ammonium nitrate (“UAN”). Ammonia is a direct application fertilizer and is primarily used as a building block for other nitrogen products for industrial applications and finished fertilizer products. UAN is an aqueous solution of urea and ammonium nitrate. At June 30, 2019, we owned the general partner and approximately 34% of the outstanding common units representing limited partner interests in CVR Partners. As of June 30, 2019, Icahn Enterprises L.P. and its affiliates owned approximately 71% of our outstanding common stock.
On January 29, 2019, the Company purchased all issued and outstanding CVR Refining common units not already owned by the Company for a cash purchase price of $10.50 per unit, or approximately $301 million in the aggregate. The total purchase price was funded with approximately $105 million in borrowings under a new credit agreement entered into by the Company on January 29, 2019, with the remaining amount being funded from the Company’s cash on hand. See Note 7 (“Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Obligations”) for further information on the credit agreement. See Note 15 (“Guarantor Financial Information”) for further discussion and the condensed consolidated financial statements presented as a result of this transaction.
We operate under two business segments: petroleum and nitrogen fertilizer, which are referred to in this document as our “Petroleum Segment” and our “Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment,” respectively.
Strategy and Goals
Mission and Core Values
Our mission is to be a top tier North American petroleum refining and nitrogen-based fertilizer company as measured by safe and reliable operations, superior performance and profitable growth. The foundation of how we operate is built on five core values:

• | Safety - We always put safety first. The protection of our employees, contractors and communities is paramount. We have an unwavering commitment to safety above all else. If it’s not safe, then we don’t do it.

• | Environment - We care for our environment. Complying with all regulations and minimizing any environmental impact from our operations is essential. We understand our obligation to the environment and that it’s our duty to protect it.

• | Integrity - We require high business ethics. We comply with the law and practice sound corporate governance. We only conduct business one way—the right way with integrity.

• | Corporate Citizenship - We are proud members of the communities where we operate. We are good neighbors and know that it’s a privilege we can’t take for granted. We seek to make a positive economic and social impact through

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our financial donations and the contributions of time, knowledge and talent of our employees to the places where we live and work.

• | Continuous Improvement - We believe in both individual and team success. We foster accountability under a performance-driven culture that supports creative thinking, teamwork and personal development so that employees can realize their maximum potential. We use defined work practices for consistency, efficiency and to create value across the organization.

Our core values are driven by our people, inform the way we do business each and every day and enhance our ability to accomplish our mission and related strategic objectives.
Strategic Objectives
We have outlined the following strategic objectives to drive the accomplishment of our mission:
Safety - We aim to achieve continuous improvement in all environmental, health and safety areas through ensuring our people’s commitment to environmental, health and safety comes first, the refinement of existing policies, continuous training, and enhanced monitoring procedures.
Reliability - Our goal is to achieve industry-leading utilization factors at our facilities through safe and reliable operations. We are focusing on improvements in day-to-day plant operations, identifying alternative sources for plant inputs to reduce lost time due to third-party operational constraints, and optimizing our commercial and marketing functions to maintain plant operations at their highest level.
Market Capture - We continuously evaluate opportunities to improve the facilities’ netbacks and reduce variable costs incurred in production to maximize our capture of market opportunities.
Financial Discipline - We strive to be as efficient as possible by maintaining low operating costs and a disciplined deployment of capital.

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Achievements
We successfully executed a number of achievements in support of our strategic objectives shown below through the date of this filing:

| Safety |  | Reliability |  | Market Capture |  | Financial Discipline
Corporate Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Announced engagement of a financial advisor to evaluate strategic alternatives |  |  |  |  |  |  | ü
Declared cash dividends of $2.25 per share in 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  | ü
Petroleum Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Completed the Wynnewood turnaround safely, on time and under budget | ü |  | ü |  |  |  | ü
Completed the Wynnewood refinery’s BenFree repositioning project now in service enabling increased premium gasoline sales | ü |  |  |  | ü |  | ü
Completed the sale of the Cushing, Oklahoma crude oil terminal |  |  |  |  |  |  | ü
Maintained high utilization at both facilities through the second quarter of 2019 | ü |  | ü |  |  |  | ü
Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maintained high asset reliability and utilization at both facilities through the second quarter of 2019 | ü |  | ü |  |  |  | ü
Generated positive cash available for distribution despite the delay in the spring planting season due to wet weather |  |  | ü |  | ü |  | ü
Declared cash distributions of 33 cents per unit in 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  | ü
Achieved monthly record sales deliveries at the East Dubuque nitrogen fertilizer facility for April 2019 |  |  |  |  | ü |  |

Industry Factors
Petroleum Segment
The earnings and cash flows of the Petroleum Segment are primarily affected by the relationship between refined product prices and the prices for crude oil and other feedstocks that are processed and blended into refined products. The cost to acquire crude oil and other feedstocks and the price for which refined products are ultimately sold depend on factors beyond the Petroleum Segment‘s control, including the supply of and demand for crude oil, as well as gasoline and other refined products which, in turn, depend on, among other factors, changes in domestic and foreign economies, weather conditions, domestic and foreign political affairs, production levels, the availability of imports, the marketing of competitive fuels, and the extent of government regulation. Because the Petroleum Segment applies first-in first-out accounting to value its inventory, crude oil price movements may impact net income in the short term because of changes in the value of its unhedged inventory. The effect of changes in crude oil prices on the Petroleum Segment’s results of operations is partially influenced by the rate at which the process of refined products adjust to reflect these changes.
The prices of crude oil and other feedstocks and refined products are also affected by other factors, such as product pipeline capacity, system inventory, local market conditions and the operating levels of competing refineries. Crude oil costs and the prices of refined products have historically been subject to wide fluctuations. Widespread expansion or upgrades of competitors’ facilities, price volatility, international political and economic developments, and other factors are likely to continue to play an important role in refining industry economics. These factors can impact, among other things, the level of inventories in the market, resulting in price volatility and a reduction in product margins. Moreover, the refining industry typically experiences seasonal fluctuations in demand for refined products, such as increases in the demand for gasoline during the summer driving season and for volatile seasonal exports of diesel from the United States Gulf Coast markets.
In addition to current market conditions, there are long-term factors that may impact the demand for refined products. These factors include mandated renewable fuels standards, proposed climate change laws and regulations, and increased

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mileage standards for vehicles. The Petroleum Segment is also subject to the RFS of the EPA, which requires blending “renewable fuels” with transportation fuels or purchase renewable identification numbers (“RINs”), in lieu of blending, by March 31, 2019 or otherwise be subject to penalties. Our cost to comply with RFS is dependent upon a variety of factors, which include the availability of RINs for purchase, the price at which RINs can be purchased, transportation fuel production levels, the mix of our products, as well as the fuel blending performed at our refineries and downstream terminals, all of which can vary significantly from period to period. Based upon recent market prices of RINs and current estimates related to the other variable factors, our estimated cost to comply with RFS is $70 to $80 million for 2019.
2019 Market Conditions
The tables below show relevant market indicators for the Petroleum Segment, on a per barrels basis, for the six months ended June 30, 2019, and for the years ended 2018 and 2017:

The table below shows the change over time in NYMEX - WTI, as reflected in the graph above.

(in $/bbl) | Average 2017 |  | At December 31, 2017 |  | Average 2018 |  | At December 31, 2018 |  | Average 2019 |  | At June 30, 2019
WTI | $ | 50.95 |  |  | $ | 57.95 |  |  | $ | 64.77 |  |  | $ | 48.98 |  |  | $ | 57.36 |  |  | $ | 54.71 |

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(1) | Information used within these charts was obtained from MarketView.

Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment
In the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment, earnings and cash flows from operations are primarily affected by the relationship between nitrogen fertilizer product prices, utilization rates, and operating costs and expenses.
The price at which nitrogen fertilizer products are ultimately sold depends on numerous factors, including the global supply and demand for nitrogen fertilizer products which, in turn, depends on, among other factors, world grain demand and production levels, changes in world population, the cost and availability of fertilizer transportation infrastructure, weather conditions, the availability of imports, and the extent of government intervention in agriculture markets.
Nitrogen fertilizer prices are also affected by local factors, including local market conditions and the operating levels of competing facilities. An expansion or upgrade of competitors’ facilities, new facility development, political and economic developments, and other factors are likely to continue to play an important role in nitrogen fertilizer industry economics. These

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factors can impact, among other things, the level of inventories in the market, resulting in price volatility and a reduction in product margins. Moreover, the industry typically experiences seasonal fluctuations in demand for nitrogen fertilizer products.
While there is risk of short-term volatility given the inherent nature of the commodity cycle, the long-term fundamentals for the U.S. nitrogen fertilizer industry remain intact. The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment views the anticipated combination of (i) increasing global population, (ii) decreasing arable land per capita, (iii) continued evolution to more protein-based diets in developing countries, (iv) sustained use of corn as feedstock for the domestic production of ethanol, and (v) positioning at the lower end of the global cost curve will continue to provide a solid foundation for nitrogen fertilizer producers in the U.S over the longer term.
2019 Market Conditions
The table below shows relevant market indicators for the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment for the six months ended June 30, 2019, and for the years ended 2018 and 2017:

(1) | Information used in the charts was obtained from various third-party sources, including Pace Petroleum Coke Quarterly, Green Markets (a Bloomberg Company) and the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Non-GAAP Measures
Our management uses certain non-GAAP performance measures to evaluate current and past performance and prospects for the future to supplement our GAAP financial information presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures are important factors in assessing our operating results and profitability and include the performance and liquidity measures defined below.
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company revised its accounting policy method for the costs of planned major maintenance activities (turnarounds) specific to the Petroleum Segment from being expensed as incurred (the direct expensing method) to the deferral method. See Note 3 (“Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Accounting Changes”) for a further discussion of the

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impacts of this change in accounting policy. As a result of this change in accounting policy, the non-GAAP measures of Adjusted EBITDA, Petroleum Adjusted EBITDA, Nitrogen Fertilizer Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Direct Operating Expenses per Total Throughput Barrel net of Turnaround Expense are no longer being presented.
The following are non-GAAP measures that continue to be presented for the period ended June 30, 2019:
EBITDA - Consolidated net income (loss) before (i) interest expense, net, (ii) income tax expense (benefit) and (iii) depreciation and amortization expense.
Petroleum EBITDA and Nitrogen Fertilizer EBITDA - Segment net income (loss) before segment (i) interest expense, net, (ii) income tax expense (benefit), and (iii) depreciation and amortization.
Refining Margin - The difference between our Petroleum Segment net sales and cost of materials and other.
Refining Margin adjusted for Inventory Valuation Impact - Refining Margin adjusted to exclude the impact of current period market price and volume fluctuations on crude oil and refined product inventories recognized in prior periods. We record our commodity inventories on the first-in-first-out basis. As a result, significant current period fluctuations in market prices and the volumes we hold in inventory can have favorable or unfavorable impacts on our refining margins as compared to similar metrics used by other publicly-traded companies in the refining industry. The inventory valuation impact is calculated based upon inventory values at the beginning of the accounting period and at the end of the accounting period.
Refining Margin and Refining Margin adjusted for Inventory Valuation Impact, per Throughput Barrel - Refining Margin adjusted to exclude the impact of current period market price and volume fluctuations on crude oil and refined product inventories recognized in prior periods, divided by the total throughput barrels during the period, which is calculated as total throughput barrels per day times the number of days in the period.
Direct Operating Expenses per Throughput Barrel - Direct operating expenses for our Petroleum Segment divided by total throughput barrels for the period, which is calculated as total throughput barrels per day times the number of days in the period.
We present these measures because we believe they may help investors, analysts, lenders and ratings agencies analyze our results of operations and liquidity in conjunction with our U.S. GAAP results, including but not limited to our operating performance as compared to other publicly-traded companies in the refining industry, without regard to historical cost basis or financing methods and our ability to incur and service debt and fund capital expenditures. Non-GAAP measures have important limitations as analytical tools, because they exclude some, but not all, items that affect net earnings and operating income. These measures should not be considered substitutes for their most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures. See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” section included herein for reconciliation of these amounts. Due to rounding, numbers presented within this section may not add or equal to numbers or totals presented elsewhere within this document.
Results of Operations
Consolidated
Our consolidated results of operations include certain other unallocated corporate activities and the elimination of intercompany transactions and therefore do not equal the sum of the operating results of the Petroleum Segment and Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment.

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Consolidated Financial Highlights (three months ended June 30, 2019 versus June 30, 2018)

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Consolidated Financial Highlights (six months ended June 30, 2019 versus June 30, 2018)

(1) | See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” section below for reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures shown above.

Operating Income (Loss) by Segment

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Petroleum | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 319 |  |  | $ | 256 |
Nitrogen Fertilizer | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |  |  | (4 | )
Other | (6 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (11 | ) |  | (8 | )
Consolidated | $ | 192 |  |  | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | 352 |  |  | $ | 244 |

EBITDA by Segment (1)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Petroleum | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | 425 |  |  | $ | 356 |
Nitrogen Fertilizer | 60 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 33 |
Other | (3 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (5 | )
Consolidated | $ | 273 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 503 |  |  | $ | 384 |

(1) | See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” section below for reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures shown above.

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Consolidated Results of Operations
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 (Consolidated)
Overview - For the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Petroleum Segment’s refining margin was $308 million, or $15.66 per throughput barrel, as compared to $281 million, or $14.13 per throughput barrel, for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to increased refined product sales volumes and crack spreads, partially offset by increased RINs expense and decreased gains on derivatives. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s net sales increased by $44 million to $138 million as a result of favorable pricing and volume conditions.
Income Tax Expense - Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was $41 million, or 24.3% of income before income taxes, as compared to income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2018 of $15 million, or 18.1% of income before income taxes. The fluctuation in income tax expense was due primarily to the decrease in noncontrolling interest from the three months ended June 30, 2018 to the three months ended June 30, 2019. The effective income tax rate varies from the federal statutory income tax rate of 21% primarily as a result of state income tax expense.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 (Consolidated)
Overview - For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Petroleum Segment’s refining margin was $625 million, or $16.10 per throughput barrel, as compared to $581 million, or $15.72 per throughput barrel, for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to increased refined product sales volumes and crack spreads, partially offset by increased RINs expense and decreased gains on derivatives. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment net sales increased by $57 million to $230 million as a result of favorable pricing and volume conditions.
Income Tax Expense - Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $76 million, or 24.8% of income before income taxes, as compared to income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 of $33 million, or 17.0% of income before income taxes. The fluctuation in income tax expense was due primarily to the decrease in noncontrolling interest from the six months ended June 30, 2018 to the six months ended June 30, 2019. The effective income tax rate varies from the federal statutory income tax rate of 21% primarily as a result of state income tax expense.
Petroleum Segment
Refining Throughput and Production Data by Refinery

Throughput Data | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in bpd) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Coffeyville |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Regional crude | 49,979 |  |  | 28,538 |  |  | 45,808 |  |  | 29,116 |
WTI | 75,090 |  |  | 75,595 |  |  | 71,075 |  |  | 63,280 |
Midland WTI | 863 |  |  | 16,842 |  |  | 6,750 |  |  | 8,467 |
Condensate | 3,125 |  |  | 1,547 |  |  | 4,203 |  |  | 9,586 |
Heavy Canadian | 3,511 |  |  | 6,249 |  |  | 5,526 |  |  | 3,385 |
Other feedstocks and blendstocks | 8,083 |  |  | 7,543 |  |  | 8,685 |  |  | 6,843 |
Wynnewood |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Regional crude | 52,359 |  |  | 56,773 |  |  | 48,383 |  |  | 52,669 |
WTI | — |  |  | 2,108 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,514 |
Midland WTI | 13,410 |  |  | 10,739 |  |  | 12,961 |  |  | 14,922 |
Condensate | 7,038 |  |  | 7,580 |  |  | 7,394 |  |  | 5,974 |
Other feedstocks and blendstocks | 2,825 |  |  | 4,591 |  |  | 3,770 |  |  | 5,174 |
Total throughput | 216,283 |  |  | 218,105 |  |  | 214,555 |  |  | 203,930 |

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Production Data | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in bpd) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Coffeyville |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gasoline | 70,506 |  |  | 67,390 |  |  | 72,170 |  |  | 58,357 |
Distillate | 59,049 |  |  | 59,855 |  |  | 59,288 |  |  | 52,093 |
Other liquid products | 6,786 |  |  | 5,231 |  |  | 6,631 |  |  | 6,900 |
Solids | 5,113 |  |  | 5,267 |  |  | 5,042 |  |  | 4,758 |
Wynnewood |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gasoline | 39,153 |  |  | 39,853 |  |  | 36,746 |  |  | 41,714 |
Distillate | 31,997 |  |  | 34,985 |  |  | 29,689 |  |  | 34,804 |
Other liquid products | 1,360 |  |  | 5,060 |  |  | 3,728 |  |  | 4,787 |
Solids | 33 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 51 |
Total production | 213,997 |  |  | 217,690 |  |  | 213,325 |  |  | 203,464 |

Liquid volume yield (as % of total throughput) | 96.6 | % |  | 97.4 | % |  | 97.1 | % |  | 97.4 | %

Financial Highlights (three months ended June 30, 2019 versus June 30, 2018)

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Financial Highlights (six months ended June 30, 2019 versus June 30, 2018)

(1) | See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” section below for reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures shown above.

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Petroleum Operating Results

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net sales | $ | 1,552 |  |  | $ | 1,824 |  |  | $ | 2,949 |  |  | $ | 3,282 |
Cost of materials and other | 1,244 |  |  | 1,543 |  |  | 2,324 |  |  | 2,701 |
Direct operating expenses | 86 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 185 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 17 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 39 |
Depreciation and amortization | 52 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 97 |
(Gain) loss on asset disposals | (10 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | 4 |
Petroleum Operating income | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 319 |  |  | $ | 256 |
Refining margin | $ | 308 |  |  | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 625 |  |  | $ | 581 |
Petroleum EBITDA (1) | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | 425 |  |  | $ | 356 |
Key Operating Metrics per Total Throughput Barrel |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Refining Margin (1) | $ | 15.66 |  |  | $ | 14.13 |  |  | $ | 16.10 |  |  | $ | 15.72 |
Refining Margin, excluding Inventory Valuation Impacts (1) | $ | 15.68 |  |  | $ | 13.03 |  |  | $ | 15.28 |  |  | $ | 14.58 |
Direct Operating Expenses (1) | $ | 4.40 |  |  | $ | 4.68 |  |  | $ | 4.57 |  |  | $ | 5.00 |

(1) | See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” section below for reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures shown above.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 (Petroleum Segment)
Overview - For the three months ended June 30, 2019 the Petroleum Segment‘s operating income was $50 million higher than the same period in the prior year, driven by a higher refining margin, decreased direct operating expenses, and decreased selling, general and administrative expenses.
Refining Margin - Refining margin was $308 million, or $15.66 per throughput barrel, as compared to $281 million, or $14.13 per throughput barrel, for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to increased refined product crack spreads and decreased RINs expense, partially offset by decreased gains on derivatives. The Group 3 2-1-1 improved in the three months ended June 30, 2019 by $1.49 compared to the same period last year, driven by increases to both gasoline and distillate cracks of $2.62 and $0.35 per barrel, respectively. RINs expense also favorably impacted refining margin in the second quarter of 2019, as associated costs decreased $29 million to $21 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $50 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Derivatives gains decreased by $6 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018, primarily due to tightened margins on sales of Canadian crude oil at Cushing partially offset by gains on crack spread and inventory hedge positions.
Direct Operating Expenses (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization) - Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) were $86 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to $93 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease of approximately $7 million was primarily due to an environmental remediation reserve recognized in the prior year, partially offset by increased routine repairs and maintenance expenses. As a result, direct operating expenses on a total throughput barrel basis decreased to $4.40 per barrel from $4.68 per barrel.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses, and Other - Selling, general and administrative expenses were reduced in 2019 as a result of decreased expenses associated with our share-based compensation plans for the three months ended June 30, 2019. In addition, a gain on the sale of the Cushing, Oklahoma crude oil terminal contributed $9 million to operating income in 2019.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 (Petroleum Segment)
Overview - For the six months ended June 30, 2019, Petroleum Segment operating income was $319 million, a $63 million increase over the first half of 2018 driven by a higher refining margin and decreased direct operating expenses.

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Refining Margin - Refining margin was $625 million, or $16.10 per throughput barrel, as compared to $581 million, or $15.72 per throughput barrel, for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to increased refined product crack spreads, partially offset by decreased gains on derivatives and increased RINs expense. The Group 3 2-1-1 crack spread improved in the six months ended June 30, 2019 by $1.04 compared to the same period last year, driven largely by an increase in the distillate crack spread of $2.62 offset by a decrease in the gasoline crack of $0.54. Derivative gains decreased by $50 million in the first half of 2019 compared to the first half of 2018, primarily due to gains on crack spread swaps in 2018 and market changes on Canadian crude oil positions. RINs expense also negatively impacted refining margin in the first half of 2019, associated costs increased $6 million to $33 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $27 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, which was impacted by a reduction in our renewable volume obligations.
Direct Operating Expenses (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization) - Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) were $177 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to $185 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease of approximately $8 million was primarily due to increased environmental expense and unplanned repairs and maintenance expense on the fluid catalytic cracking unit (“FCCU”) at the Coffeyville refinery in the six months ended June 30, 2018. As a result, direct operating expenses on a total throughput barrel basis decreased to $4.57 per barrel from $5.00 per barrel.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses, and Other - A gain on the sale of the Cushing, Oklahoma crude oil terminal contributed $9 million to operating income in 2019.
Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment
Utilization - The following tables summarize the ammonia utilization at the Coffeyville and East Dubuque facilities. Utilization is an important measure used by management to assess operational output at each of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s facilities. Utilization is calculated as actual tons produced divided by capacity adjusted for planned turnarounds.
We present our utilization on a two-year rolling average to take into account the impact of our planned and unplanned outages on any specific period. We believe the two-year rolling average is a more useful presentation of the long-term utilization performance of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s plants.
We present utilization solely on ammonia production rather than each nitrogen product as it provides a comparative baseline against industry peers and eliminates the disparity of plant configurations for upgrade of ammonia into other nitrogen products. With efforts primarily focused on Ammonia upgrade capabilities, we believe this measure is the most meaningful in terms of management success in operations.

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Consolidated Ammonia Utilization - The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment’s utilization decreased 2% to 92% for the two years ended June 30, 2019 compared to the two years ended June 30, 2018. This decrease was primarily a result of ammonia storage capacity constraints at the East Dubuque facility in the first quarter of 2019 due to inclement weather impacting customers’ ability to apply ammonia.
Sales and Pricing per Ton - Two of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment‘s key operating metrics are total sales for ammonia and UAN along with the product pricing per ton realized at the gate. Product pricing at the gate represents net sales less freight revenue divided by product sales volume in tons and is shown in order to provide a pricing measure that is comparable across the fertilizer industry.
Operating Highlights (three months ended June 30, 2019 versus June 30, 2018)

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Operating Highlights (six months ended June 30, 2019 versus June 30, 2018)
Production Volumes - Gross tons produced for ammonia represent the total ammonia produced, including ammonia produced that was upgraded into other fertilizer products. Net tons available for sale represent the ammonia available for sale that was not upgraded into other fertilizer products.

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands of tons) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Ammonia (gross produced) | 211 |  |  | 174 |  |  | 390 |  |  | 373 |
Ammonia (net available for sale) | 71 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 124 |
UAN | 316 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 651 |  |  | 580 |

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Feedstock - Our Coffeyville Facility utilizes a pet coke gasification process to produce nitrogen fertilizer. Our East Dubuque Facility uses natural gas in its production of ammonia.

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Feedstock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Petroleum coke used in production (thousand tons) | 134 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 208 |
Petroleum coke (dollars per ton) | $ | 34.60 |  |  | $ | 25.33 |  |  | $ | 36.14 |  |  | $ | 21.34 |
Natural gas used in production (thousands of MMBtu) (1) | 2,070 |  |  | 1,964 |  |  | 3,510 |  |  | 3,814 |
Natural gas used in production (dollars per MMBtu) (1) | $ | 2.61 |  |  | $ | 2.78 |  |  | $ | 3.11 |  |  | $ | 3.00 |
Natural gas cost of materials and other (thousands of MMBtu) (1) | 3,185 |  |  | 2,571 |  |  | 4,193 |  |  | 3,829 |
Natural gas cost of materials and other (dollars per MMBtu) (1) | $ | 3.32 |  |  | $ | 2.84 |  |  | $ | 3.45 |  |  | $ | 3.05 |
Reconciliation to net sales (dollars in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales net at gate | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 211 |  |  | $ | 154 |
Freight in revenue | 7 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 15 |
Other revenue | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Total net sales | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 173 |

(1) | The feedstock natural gas shown above does not include natural gas used for fuel. The cost of fuel natural gas is included in direct operating expense (exclusive of depreciation and amortization).

Financial Highlights (three months ended June 30, 2019 versus June 30, 2018)

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Financial Highlights (six months ended June 30, 2019 versus June 30, 2018)

(2) | See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” section below for reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures shown above.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 (Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment)
Net Sales - Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment net sales increased by $44 million to $138 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to favorable pricing and volume conditions which contributed $20 million and $25 million, respectively, in higher revenues as compared to 2018.
The following table demonstrates the impact of changes in sales volumes and pricing for the primary components of net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018:

|  | Price Variance |  | Volume Variance
(in millions) |  |  |  |
UAN |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 15 |
Ammonia |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 10 |

The increase in UAN and ammonia sales pricing for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily attributable to a shift in demand from the first quarter 2019 to second quarter 2019. Due to continuous inclement weather, customers delayed receipt of nitrogen products from first quarter 2019 to second quarter 2019. As a result, customer demand for ammonia increased in the second quarter of 2019 as customers attempted to make up for the missed application. In addition, the aforementioned ammonia application coupled with the freezing temperatures and flooding throughout the Midwest and Southern Plains shifted the demand for UAN, and sales volumes increased for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018.
Cost of Materials and Other - Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment cost of materials and other for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was $26 million compared to $19 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The $7 million increase was comprised of a $3 million increase in pet coke costs at our Coffeyville plant, a $1 million increase in freight costs associated with increased sales volumes, and a $3 million due to a draw in inventory due to increased demand.

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Direct Operating Expenses (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization) - Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the three months ended June 30, 2019 were $46 million compared to $47 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The slight decrease was primarily due to Coffeyville turnaround costs of $6 million in the second quarter of 2018 offset by an inventory draw due to increased sales in the second quarter of 2019.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 (Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment)
Net Sales - Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment net sales increased by $57 million to $230 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. This increase was primarily due to favorable pricing and volume conditions which contributed $44 million and $12 million, respectively, in higher revenues as compared to 2018.
The following table demonstrates the impact of changes in sales volumes and pricing for the primary components of net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018:

(in millions) | Price Variance |  | Volume Variance
UAN | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Ammonia | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 10 |

The increase in UAN and ammonia sales pricing for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily attributable to a shift in demand from the fourth quarter of 2018 to the second quarter of 2019. Due to the continuous inclement weather, customers delayed receipt of nitrogen products from the fourth quarter of 2018 to the second quarter of 2019. As a result, customer demand for ammonia increased in the second quarter of 2019 as customers attempted to make up for the missed application. In addition, the aforementioned ammonia application coupled with freezing temperatures and flooding throughout the Midwest and Southern Plains shifted the demand for ammonia, and sales volumes increased for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018.
Cost of Materials and Other - Cost of materials and other for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $50 million, compared to $42 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The $8 million increase was comprised of a $5 million increase in pet coke costs at our Coffeyville plant, coupled with a draw in ammonia inventories as a result of increased sales contributing $3 million.
Direct Operating Expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) - Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for the six months ended June 30, 2019 were $80 million as compared to $86 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The $6 million decrease was primarily due to turnaround costs of $6 million at the Coffeyville facility in the second quarter of 2018.
Non-GAAP Reconciliations
Reconciliation of Net Income to EBITDA

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income | $ | 128 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 161 |
Add: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | 26 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 53 |
Income tax expense | 41 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 33 |
Depreciation and amortization | 78 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 145 |  |  | 137 |
EBITDA | $ | 273 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 503 |  |  | $ | 384 |

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Reconciliation of Petroleum Segment Net Income to EBITDA

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Petroleum net income | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 307 |  |  | $ | 237 |
Add: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | 6 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 22 |
Depreciation and amortization | 52 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 97 |
Petroleum EBITDA | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | 425 |  |  | $ | 356 |

Reconciliation of Petroleum Segment gross profit to Refining Margin and Refining Margin adjusted for inventory valuation impact

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net sales | $ | 1,552 |  |  | $ | 1,824 |  |  | $ | 2,949 |  |  | $ | 3,282 |
Cost of materials and other | 1,244 |  |  | 1,543 |  |  | 2,324 |  |  | 2,701 |
Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization as reflected below) | 86 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 185 |
Depreciation and amortization | 52 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 97 |
Gross profit | 170 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 347 |  |  | 299 |
Add: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization as reflected below) | 86 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 185 |
Depreciation and amortization | 52 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 97 |
Refining margin | 308 |  |  | 281 |  |  | 625 |  |  | 581 |
Inventory valuation impact, (favorable) unfavorable (1) | — |  |  | (22 | ) |  | (32 | ) |  | (42 | )
Refining margin adjusted for inventory valuation impact | $ | 308 |  |  | $ | 259 |  |  | $ | 593 |  |  | $ | 539 |

(1) | FIFO is the petroleum business’ basis for determining inventory value under GAAP. Changes in crude oil prices can cause fluctuations in the inventory valuation of crude oil, work in process and finished goods, thereby resulting in a favorable inventory valuation impact when crude oil prices increase and an unfavorable inventory valuation impact when crude oil prices decrease. The inventory valuation impact is calculated based upon inventory values at the beginning of the accounting period and at the end of the accounting period. In order to derive the inventory valuation impact per total throughput barrel, we utilize the total dollar figures for the inventory valuation impact and divide by the number of total throughput barrels for the period.

Reconciliation of Petroleum Segment total throughput barrel

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Total throughput barrels per day | 216,283 |  |  | 218,105 |  |  | 214,555 |  |  | 203,930 |
Days in the period | 91 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 181 |
Total throughput barrels | 19,681,753 |  |  | 19,847,555 |  |  | 38,834,455 |  |  | 36,911,330 |

Reconciliation of Petroleum Segment Refining Margin (in millions and on per total throughput barrel basis)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions, except for throughput barrel data) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Refining margin | $ | 308 |  |  | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 625 |  |  | $ | 581 |
Divided by: total throughput barrels | 20 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 37 |
Refining margin per total throughput barrel | $ | 15.66 |  |  | $ | 14.13 |  |  | $ | 16.10 |  |  | $ | 15.72 |

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Reconciliation of Petroleum Segment Refining Margin adjusted for inventory valuation impact (in millions and on per total throughput barrel basis)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions, except for throughput barrel data) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Refining margin adjusted for inventory valuation impact | $ | 308 |  |  | $ | 259 |  |  | $ | 593 |  |  | $ | 539 |
Divided by: total throughput barrels | 20 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 37 |
Refining margin adjusted for inventory valuation impact per total throughput barrel | $ | 15.68 |  |  | $ | 13.03 |  |  | $ | 15.28 |  |  | $ | 14.58 |

Reconciliation of Petroleum Segment Direct operating expenses per total throughput barrel (in millions and on per total throughput barrel basis)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions, except for throughput barrel data) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 177 |  |  | $ | 185 |
Divided by: total throughput barrels | 20 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 37 |
Direct operating expenses per total throughput barrel | $ | 4.40 |  |  | $ | 4.68 |  |  | $ | 4.57 |  |  | $ | 5.00 |

Reconciliation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment Net Income (Loss) to EBITDA

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Nitrogen fertilizer net income (loss) | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | (36 | )
Add: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | 16 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 32 |
Depreciation and amortization | 25 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 37 |
Nitrogen Fertilizer EBITDA | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 33 |

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal source of liquidity has historically been cash from operations. Our principal uses of cash are for working capital, capital expenditures, funding our debt service obligations, and paying dividends to our stockholders, as further discussed below.
We believe that our cash from operations and existing cash and cash equivalents, along with borrowings, as necessary, under the AB Credit Facility and Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility, will be sufficient to satisfy anticipated cash requirements associated with our existing operations for at least the next 12 months, and that we have sufficient cash resources to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months. However, our future capital expenditures and other cash requirements could be higher than we currently expect as a result of various factors. Additionally, our ability to generate sufficient cash from our operating activities and secure additional financing depends on our future operational performance, which is subject to general economic, political, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control.
Depending on the needs of our business, contractual limitations and market conditions, we may from time to time seek to issue equity securities, incur additional debt, issue debt securities, or otherwise refinance our existing debt. There can be no assurance that we will seek to do any of the foregoing or that we will be able to do any of the foregoing on terms acceptable to us or at all.
There have been no material changes in liquidity from our 2018 Form 10-K. The Company, and its subsidiaries, were in compliance with all covenants under their respective debt instruments as of June 30, 2019, as applicable.

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Cash Balances and Other Liquidity
As of June 30, 2019, we had consolidated cash and cash equivalents of $540 million, $393 million available under CVR Refining’s Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility and $48 million available under CVR Partners’ AB Credit Facility.

(in millions) | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
CVR Partners: |  |  |
9.25% Senior Secured Notes due June 2023 | $ | 645 |  |  | $ | 645 |
6.50% Senior Notes due April 2021 | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs | (16 | ) |  | (18 | )
Total CVR Partners Debt | $ | 631 |  |  | $ | 629 |
CVR Refining: |  |  |
6.50% Senior Notes due November 2022 | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | 500 |
Unamortized debt issuance cost | (3 | ) |  | (3 | )
Total CVR Refining Debt | 497 |  |  | 497 |
Total Long-Term Debt | $ | 1,128 |  |  | $ | 1,126 |

CVR Partners
AB Credit Facility - The Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment has an AB Credit Facility, the proceeds of which may be used to fund working capital, capital expenditures and for other general corporate purposes. The AB Credit Facility is a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility with an aggregate principal amount of availability of up to $50 million with an incremental facility, which permits an increase in borrowings of up to $25 million in the aggregate subject to additional lender commitments and certain other conditions. The AB Credit Facility matures in September 2021. CVR Partners was in compliance with all applicable covenants as of June 30, 2019.
2023 Notes - CVR Partners issued $645 million aggregate principal amount of 9.25% Senior Secured Notes due 2023 (the “2023 Notes”) in 2016. The 2023 Notes are guaranteed on a senior secured basis by all of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment‘s existing subsidiaries. On or after June 15, 2019, we may on any one or more occasions, redeem all or part of the 2023 Notes at the redemption prices set forth below expressed as a percentage of the principal amount of the 2023 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to the applicable redemption date.

12-month period beginning June 15, | Percentage
2019 | 104.625%
2020 | 102.313%
2021 and thereafter | 100.000%

Upon the occurrence of certain change of control events as defined in the 2023 Indenture (including the sale of all or substantially all of the properties or assets of the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment and its subsidiaries taken as a whole), each holder of the 2023 Notes will have the right to require that the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment repurchase all or a portion of such holder’s 2023 Notes in cash at a purchase price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount thereof plus any accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repurchase.
CVR Refining
Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility - On November 14, 2017, Coffeyville Resources LLC (“CRLLC”), CVR Refining, CVR Refining LLC (“Refining LLC”) and each of the operating subsidiaries of Refining LLC (collectively, the “Credit Parties”) entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated ABL Credit Agreement (the “Amendment”) with a group of lenders and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and collateral agent. Such agreement, as amended by the Amendment, was otherwise scheduled to mature in December 2017. The Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility is a $400 million asset-based revolving credit facility, with sub-limits for letters of credit and swingline loans of $60 million and $40 million, respectively. The Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility also includes a $200 million uncommitted incremental facility. The proceeds of the loans may be used for capital expenditures, working capital and general

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corporate purposes. The Amended and Restated ABL Credit Facility matures in November 2022. We were in compliance with all applicable covenants as of June 30, 2019.
2022 Notes - CVR Refining’s $500 million aggregate principal amount of 6.50% Second Lien Senior Notes due 2022 (the “2022 Notes”) are unsecured and fully and unconditionally guaranteed by CVI, CVR Refining and each of Refining LLC’s existing domestic subsidiaries (other than the co-issuer, Coffeyville Finance) on a joint and several basis. The 2022 Notes mature on November 1, 2022, unless earlier redeemed or repurchased by the issuers. Interest is payable on the 2022 Notes semi-annually on May 1 and November 1 of each year, to holders of record at the close of business on April 15 and October 15, as the case may be, immediately preceding each such interest payment date.
Credit Agreement - On January 29, 2019, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Jefferies Finance LLC to provide a term loan credit facility with a maturity date of March 10, 2019. The borrowings under the Credit Agreement of $105 million were used to fund a portion of the CVRR Unit Purchase. All amounts were repaid on February 11, 2019.
Capital Spending
We divide capital spending needs into two categories: maintenance and growth. Maintenance capital spending includes non-discretionary maintenance projects and projects required to comply with environmental, health, and safety regulations. Growth capital projects generally involve an expansion of existing capacity and/or a reduction in direct operating expenses. We undertake growth capital spending based on the expected return on incremental capital employed.
Our total capital expenditures for the six months ended June 30, 2019, along with our estimated expenditures for 2019, by segment, are as follows:

(in millions) | Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Actual |  | 2019 Estimate (1)
|  | Maintenance | Growth | Total
| Maintenance | Growth | Total |  | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High
Petroleum Segment | $ | 34 |  | $ | 4 |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 110 |  | $ | 115 |  | $ | 20 |  | $ | 25 |  | $ | 130 |  | $ | 140 |
Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment | 5 |  | — |  | 5 |  |  | 18 |  | 20 |  | 2 |  | 5 |  | 20 |  | 25 |
Other | 3 |  | — |  | 3 |  |  | 10 |  | 15 |  | — |  | — |  | 10 |  | 15 |
Total | $ | 42 |  | $ | 4 |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 138 |  | $ | 150 |  | $ | 22 |  | $ | 30 |  | $ | 160 |  | $ | 180 |

(1) | Total 2019 estimated capital expenditures includes approximately $10 to 20 million of growth-related projects that will require additional approvals before commencement.

Our estimated capital expenditures are subject to change due to unanticipated changes in the cost, scope, and completion time for capital projects. For example, we may experience increases/decreases in labor or equipment costs necessary to comply with government regulations or to complete projects that sustain or improve the profitability of the refineries or nitrogen fertilizer plants. We may also accelerate or defer some capital expenditures from time to time. Capital spending for CVR Partners is determined by the board of directors of its general partner.
In the Petroleum Segment, we capitalized $23 million and $2 million of turnaround expenditures incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The next planned major turnaround within the Petroleum Segment is at the Coffeyville refinery in 2020 with total estimated expenditures of $130 million to $140 million, of which $20 million to $25 million is expected to be incurred and capitalized in the second half of 2019. As to the Nitrogen Fertilizer Segment, the next planned major turnaround is at the East Dubuque facility, which is expected to commence in the second half of 2019. This turnaround is expected to take 28 days and include $7 million in expenditures that will be expensed as incurred.

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Dividends to CVR Energy Stockholders
The following table presents dividends paid to the Company’s stockholders, including IEP, as of June 30, 2019.

|  |  |  |  |  | Dividends Paid (in millions)
Related Period |  | Date Paid |  | Dividend Per Share |  | Stockholders |  | IEP |  | Total
2018 - 4th Quarter |  | March 11, 2019 |  | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 75 |
2019 - 1st Quarter |  | May 13, 2019 |  | 0.75 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 75 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 1.50 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 150 |

For the second quarter of 2019, the Company, upon approval by the Company’s board of directors on July 24, 2019, declared a cash dividend of $0.75 per share, or $75 million, which is payable on August 12, 2019 to shareholders of record as of August 5, 2019. Of this amount, IEP will receive $54 million due to its ownership interest in the Company’s shares.
Dividends, if any, including the payment, amount and timing thereof, are subject to change at the discretion of the Board of Directors.
Distributions to CVR Partners’ Unitholders
The following table presents distributions paid by CVR Partners to CVR Partners’ unitholders, including amounts received by the Company, as of June 30, 2019.

|  |  |  |  |  | Dividends Paid (in millions)
Related Period |  | Date Paid |  | Dividend Per Common Unit |  | Unitholders |  | CVR Energy |  | Total
2018 - 4th Quarter |  | March 11, 2019 |  | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 14 |
2019 - 1st Quarter |  | May 13, 2019 |  | 0.07 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 8 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 22 |

For the second quarter of 2019, CVR Partners, upon approval by the Board of Directors of CVR Partners’ general partner on July 24, 2019, declared a distribution of $0.14 per common unit, or $16 million, which will be paid on August 12, 2019 to unitholders of record as of August 5, 2019. Of this amount, we will receive approximately $5 million, with the remaining amount payable to public unitholders.
Distributions, if any, including the payment, amount and timing thereof, are subject to change at the discretion of the Board of Directors of CVR Partners’ general partner.
Cash Flows
The following table sets forth our consolidated cash flows for the periods indicated below:

| Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Net cash provided by (used in): |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 384 |  |  | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | 146 |
Investing activities | (43 | ) |  | (50 | ) |  | 7 |
Financing activities | (469 | ) |  | (136 | ) |  | (333 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (128 | ) |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | (180 | )

Operating Activities
The change in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily due to improved operating results excluding non-cash items of $85 million and favorable changes in working capital of $63 million.

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Investing Activities
The change in net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily due to the receipt of proceeds from the sale of assets net of the carrying value of inventory sold as part of the divestment ($36 million). These net proceeds were partially offset by an increase in turnaround expenditures of $19 million primarily relating to the completion of the Wynnewood refinery turnaround in the second quarter of 2019 and an increase in capital expenditures of $12 million.
Financing Activities
The change in net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018 was due to $301 million in funds used to acquire the remaining CVR Refining common units not otherwise owned by us, along with an increases in CVR Energy dividends and CVR Partners distributions of $63 million and $14 million, respectively. These increases in cash payments were partially offset by distributions paid to CVR Refining public unitholders totaling $48 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, with no corresponding amount paid in 2019.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any “off-balance sheet arrangements” as such term is defined within the rules and regulations of the SEC.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes to our market risks as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the risks discussed in Part II, Item 7A of our 2018 Form 10-K.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of June 30, 2019, we have evaluated, under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). Based upon and as of the date of that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Security and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer and our Chief Accounting Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting required by Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See Note 11 (“Commitments and Contingencies”) to Part I, Item 1 of this Report, which is incorporated by reference into this Part II, Item 1, for a description of certain litigation, legal and administrative proceedings and environmental matters.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the “Risk Factors” section in our 2018 Form 10-K.

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Item 5. Other Information
None.
Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit Description
31.1* |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer.
31.2* |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) Certification of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
31.3* |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) Certification of Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller.
32.1† |  | Section 1350 Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller.
101* |  | The following financial information for CVR Energy, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 formatted in XBRL (“Extensible Business Reporting Language”) includes: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited), (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited), (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited), (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited), (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) and (vi) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited), tagged in detail.

* | Filed herewith.

** | Previously filed

† | Furnished herewith.

PLEASE NOTE: Pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, we may file or incorporate by reference agreements as exhibits to the reports that we file with or furnish to the SEC. The agreements are filed to provide investors with information regarding their respective terms. The agreements are not intended to provide any other factual information about the Company, its business or operations. In particular, the assertions embodied in any representations, warranties and covenants contained in the agreements may be subject to qualifications with respect to knowledge and materiality different from those applicable to investors and may be qualified by information in confidential disclosure schedules not included with the exhibits. These disclosure schedules may contain information that modifies, qualifies and creates exceptions to the representations, warranties and covenants set forth in the agreements. Moreover, certain representations, warranties and covenants in the agreements may have been used for the purpose of allocating risk between the parties, rather than establishing matters as facts. In addition, information concerning the subject matter of the representations, warranties and covenants may have changed after the date of the respective agreement, which subsequent information may or may not be fully reflected in the Company’s public disclosures. Accordingly, investors should not rely on the representations, warranties and covenants in the agreements as characterizations of the actual state of facts about the Company, its business or operations on the date hereof.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | CVR Energy, Inc.
July 25, 2019 |  | By: | /s/ Tracy D. Jackson
|  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)
July 25, 2019 |  | By: | /s/ Matthew W. Bley
|  |  | Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller
|  |  | (Principal Accounting Officer)

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