DEF 14A 1 cvi2020proxyformdef14a.htm DEF 14A
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
SCHEDULE 14A
(Rule 14a-101)
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|  | CVR Energy, Inc. |  |

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April 24, 2020
To the Stockholders of CVR Energy, Inc.:
On behalf of our Board of Directors and management team, I am pleased to invite you to attend the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of CVR Energy, Inc. on Wednesday, June 3, 2020, at 10:00 a.m. (Central Time). Our Annual Meeting will again be held via live webcast, not only to increase efficiency and improve our stockholders’ ability to participate, but also, in support of the health and well-being of our employees and stockholders as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. Please note that the Annual Meeting date and time may change due to further related impacts of coronavirus, and we will announce any such changes as promptly as practicable.
You will be able to attend, vote your shares electronically, and submit questions during the Annual Meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/CVI2020. Details on how to attend the Annual Meeting online and the business to be conducted are fully described in this Proxy Statement, which is available to stockholders online at www.proxyvote.com or by following the instructions set forth in the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice”) that you received.
2019 was a successful year for CVR Energy, during which we continued to focus on achieving our mission of being a top-tier North American petroleum refining and nitrogen-based fertilizer company as measured by safe and reliable operations, superior financial performance, and profitable growth. We believe our commitment to high ethical standards and responsible compensation and corporate governance policies benefits our stockholders, employees, customers, and communities. These commitments and our values will continue to guide us as we navigate these unprecedented times. Details about these items, as well as other information you may need to make informed decisions about the matters on which you are being asked to vote, are included in this Proxy Statement. I encourage you to read it and to exercise your right to vote your shares.
Thank you for your investment in CVR Energy, Inc. and for your continuing support. I wish you and yours health during this difficult time.

|  | Sincerely, |
|  | CVR Energy, Inc. |
|  |  | David L. Lamp
|  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer

NOTICE OF 2020 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

When: | Wednesday, June 3, 2020, at 10:00 a.m. (Central Time) |  |  |
Where: | Virtually via live webcast at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/CVI2020 |  |  |
Items of Business: | At the Annual Meeting, you will be asked to: 1.Elect the eight directors named in the Proxy Statement, each to serve a one-year term; 2.Approve, on an advisory basis, our named executive officer compensation (“Say-on-Pay”); 3.Ratify the appointment of our independent registered public accounting firm for the 2020 fiscal year; and 4.Transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. |  |  |
Who Can Vote: | Stockholders of record as of the close of business on Monday, April 6, 2020. |  |  |
How to Vote: | Your vote is important! Even if you plan to attend the virtual Annual Meeting, it is important you vote as soon as possible using one of the methods set forth in this Proxy Statement. |  |  |
How to Request Materials: | Our proxy materials, including our 2019 Annual Report, are available to stockholders free of charge by requesting a copy online at www.proxyvote.com or by other methods set forth in this Proxy Statement. |  |  |
|  | By Order of the Board of Directors, |  |
|  | CVR Energy, Inc. |  |
|  |  | Melissa M. Buhrig |
|  |  | Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary |
|  |  | Sugar Land, Texas |
|  |  | April 24, 2020 |

CVR ENERGY, INC. 2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500 Sugar Land, Texas 77479 (281) 207-3200 www.cvrenergy.com |
PROXY STATEMENT |
Table of Contents |
Proxy Statement Summary | 5
Information About the Annual Meeting and Proxy Materials | 8
Corporate Governance | 12
Director Compensation | 17
Proposal 1 - Election of Eight Directors Named in the Proxy Statement | 18
Executive Officers | 22
Compensation Discussion and Analysis | 23
Compensation Committee Report | 30
Compensation of Named Executive Officers | 31
Proposal 2 - Advisory Vote on Named Executive Officer Compensation (“Say-on-Pay”) | 39
Audit Committee Report | 40
Fees Paid to the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 41
Proposal 3 - Ratification of the Appointment of Auditors | 42
Equity Compensation Plans | 43
Securities Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Officers and Directors | 44
Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions | 45
202 1 Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations | 51
Proxy Card | 52

PROXY STATEMENT FOR CVR ENERGY, INC.
2020 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
PROXY STATEMENT SUMMARY
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this Proxy Statement. This is only a summary and may not contain all of the information that is important to you. Please review this Proxy Statement in full, as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the “2019 Annual Report”).
2020 Meeting Information
This Proxy Statement is furnished in connection with the solicitation by the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of CVR Energy, Inc. (“CVR Energy” or the “Company”) of proxies to be voted at the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”), and at any adjournment or postponement thereof.

Date: | June 3, 2020
Time: | 10:00 a.m. (Central Time)
Location: | Virtually at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/CVI2020
How to Attend: | By entering, at the website above, the 16 digit control number, which may be found on the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials sent to you.

Matters to be Voted Upon
In addition to the proposals listed below, stockholders will also transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. Each proxy will be voted as specified by the stockholder. Any duly executed proxy not specifying to the contrary will be voted in accordance with the Board’s recommendations, listed below.

Proposals |  |  | Board Recommendation |  | Page Reference
Proposal 1. | Election of Eight Directors Named in this Proxy Statement |  | FOR each nominee |  | 18
Proposal 2. | Advisory Vote on Named Executive Officer Compensation (“Say-on-Pay”) |  | FOR |  | 39
Proposal 3. | Ratification of the Appointment of Auditors |  | FOR |  | 42

Board, Governance, and Compensation Highlights (see pages 12 through 30)
Our Board believes that our commitment to high ethical standards, strong corporate governance, the skills and experience of our directors, and our compensation policies and practices benefit our stockholders, employees, customers, and communities. Some highlights of our corporate governance and compensation practices include:
•Experienced Board with all directors elected annually;
•Active Board and committee oversight of Company risks;
•Separate Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) roles;
•Independent directors who regularly meet in executive session;
•Alignment of executive pay with Company performance, including rigorous performance goals;
•Executive compensation that includes fixed, variable, long-term, and short-term elements; and
•Clawback policies in long-term incentive awards.
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2019 Company Performance Highlights
During 2019, we continued our mission of being a top tier North American petroleum refining and nitrogen-based fertilizer company as measured by safe and reliable operations, superior performance, and profitable growth.
Our core values define the way we do business every day to accomplish our mission and serve as the foundation on which our Company is built.

| Safety We always put safety first. The protection of our employees, contractors and communities is paramount. We have an unwavering commitment to safety above all else. If it’s not safe, then we don’t do it.
| Environment We care for our environment. Complying with all regulations and minimizing any environmental impact from our operations is essential. We understand our obligation to the environment and that it’s our duty to protect it.
| Integrity We require high business ethics. We comply with the law and practice sound corporate governance. We only conduct business one way—the right way with integrity.
| Corporate Citizenship We are proud members of the communities where we operate. We are good neighbors and know that it’s a privilege we can’t take for granted. We seek to make a positive economic and social impact through our financial donations and the contributions of time, knowledge, and talent of our employees to the places where we live and work.
| Continuous Improvement We believe in both individual and team success. We foster accountability under a performance-driven culture that supports creative thinking, teamwork, and personal development so that employees can realize their maximum potential. We use defined work practices for consistency, efficiency, and to create value across the organization.

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Our strategic objectives of Safety, Reliability, Market Capture, and Financial Discipline drive the accomplishment of our mission. We successfully executed a number of achievements in support of our strategic objectives shown below through the date of our 2019 Annual Report.

| Safety |  | Reliability |  | Market Capture |  | Financial Discipline
Corporate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Achieved year over year environment, health, and safety improvements related to total recordable incident rate, environmental events, and project safety management of 11%, 14%, and 50%, respectively. | ü |  |  |  |  |  |
Declared cash dividends of $3.05 per share in 2019. |  |  |  |  |  |  | ü
Announced $300 million share repurchase authorization. |  |  |  |  |  |  | ü
Issued $1.0 billion in Senior Notes due 2025 and 2028 and the associated funding of the redemption of the CVR Refining Senior Notes due 2022 in January 2020. |  |  |  |  |  |  | ü
Petroleum Segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Completed the Wynnewood turnaround safely, on time and under budget. | ü |  | ü |  |  |  | ü
Increased throughput of regional crudes and condensate by 37% and 58%, respectively, while reducing reliance on WTI Cushing common crude oil by 35% for the fourth quarter 2019 as compared to the fourth quarter 2018. |  |  |  |  | ü |  | ü
Completed the Wynnewood refinery’s BenFree repositioning project enabling increased premium gasoline production. | ü |  | ü |  | ü |  | ü
Completed the sale of the Cushing, Oklahoma crude oil terminal. |  |  |  |  |  |  | ü
Maintained high utilization at both facilities through the fourth quarter of 2019. | ü |  | ü |  |  |  | ü
Received Board approval for the Isomerization project at the Wynnewood Refinery, intended to improve liquid yields. | ü |  | ü |  |  |  | ü
Nitrogen Fertilizer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Safely completed the East Dubuque turnaround. | ü |  | ü |  |  |  |
Maintained high asset reliability and utilization at both facilities through the fourth quarter of 2019 (adjusted for turnaround at East Dubuque). | ü |  | ü |  |  |  | ü
Paid cash distributions of 40 cents per unit in 2019. |  |  |  |  |  |  | ü

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE ANNUAL MEETING AND PROXY MATERIALS
We are providing this Proxy Statement and related materials because our Board is soliciting your proxy to vote your shares at the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on Wednesday, June 3, 2020, beginning at 10:00 a.m. (Central Time) virtually at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/CVI2020 and any adjournment or postponement of the Annual Meeting. This Proxy Statement and the enclosed proxy card are being first made available to stockholders of record on or about April 24, 2020. All stockholders are invited to attend the online Annual Meeting.
Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for 2020 Annual Meeting of the Stockholders to be Held on June 3, 2020:
This Proxy Statement and our 2019 Annual Report are available online at www.proxyvote.com.
Why did I receive the Notice? How do I request a paper copy of the proxy materials and 2019 Annual Report?
Pursuant to rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), the Company has elected to provide its proxy materials over the Internet. Accordingly, we have sent a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice”) to our stockholders of record as of April 6, 2020. All stockholders may access the proxy materials on the website referred to in the Notice: www.proxyvote.com. Our 2019 Annual Report and other periodic filings with the SEC are also available at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov or at www.cvrenergy.com under the heading “Investor Relations” and the subheading “SEC Filings.” Unless specifically stated herein, documents and information on our website are not incorporated by reference in this Proxy Statement.
Stockholders may request a paper copy of our proxy materials and 2019 Annual Report free of charge by:
•Requesting online at www.proxyvote.com;
•Calling 1-800-579-1639;
•Sending an email to sendmaterial@proxyvote.com including your 16 digit control number; or
•Writing to Melissa M. Buhrig, Secretary, at the Company’s corporate headquarters located at 2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500, Sugar Land, Texas 77479.
While stockholders may request to receive paper copies of proxy materials on an ongoing basis, the Company encourages stockholders to access the proxy materials online to help reduce the costs the Company incurs in printing and mailing paper copies of the proxy materials and 2019 Annual Report. Please make the request as instructed above on or before May 20, 2020, to facilitate timely delivery. Please note that the Company is exempt from the requirements of furnishing such material if the stockholder of record has a mailing address located in an area where, as a result of COVID-19, the common carrier has suspended delivery service, but will make a good faith effort to deliver the proxy materials to such stockholder.
What is a Proxy Statement?
A Proxy Statement is a document that the SEC requires us to give you when we solicit your proxy to vote your shares on your behalf. A proxy is your legal designation of another person to vote the stock you own. When you vote online, by telephone or by signing, dating and returning your proxy card, you designate two of our officers as your proxies at the Annual Meeting. These two officers are Tracy D. Jackson, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), and Melissa M. Buhrig, our Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, each with full power to act without the other and with full power of substitution.
Who is entitled to vote?
Holders of CVR Energy common stock at the close of business on April 6, 2020 (the “Record Date”) are entitled to receive the Notice and to vote their shares at the Annual Meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof. A list of stockholders of record will be available for inspection during normal business hours for 10 days preceding the Annual Meeting at our corporate headquarters located at 2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500, Sugar Land, TX 77479 and electronically during the Annual Meeting at www.proxyvote.com when you enter your 16 digit control number. On the Record Date, there were 100,530,599 shares of CVR Energy common stock outstanding. CVR Energy common stock is our only class of voting stock issued and outstanding.
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How many votes do I have?
You will have one vote for every share of CVR Energy common stock that you owned at the close of business on the Record Date.
What matters will be voted on, how does the Board recommend I vote, and what is required to approve each matter?
The three matters scheduled to be voted on at the Annual Meeting, the recommendations of the Board, and the approval required for each matter are listed below:

| Proposals |  | Board Recommendation |  | Page Reference |  | Requirement to Approve
| Proposal 1: Election of Eight Directors Named in this Proxy Statement |  | FOR each nominee |  | 18 |  | Affirmative vote of a plurality of the votes present in person (virtually) or by proxy and entitled to vote (in other words, the eight nominees who receive the most votes “FOR” their election will be elected).
| Proposal 2: Advisory Vote on Named Executive Officer Compensation (“Say-on-Pay”) |  | FOR |  | 39 |  | Affirmative vote of a majority of the votes present in person (virtually) or by proxy and entitled to vote. However, the vote is non-binding, and CVR Energy will not be required to take any action as a result of the outcome of the vote.
| Proposal 3: Ratification of the Appointment of Auditors |  | FOR |  | 42 |  | Affirmative vote of a majority of the votes present in person (virtually) or by proxy and entitled to vote.

In addition to these matters, stockholders will also transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.
How do I vote?
If you were a stockholder of record at the close of business on the Record Date, you can vote your shares by any one of the following methods:
•Before the Annual Meeting:
◦By visiting www.proxyvote.com and entering your 16 digit control number;
◦By telephone at 1-800-690-6903 and providing your 16 digit control number; or
◦By signing and returning your proxy card, if you received a paper copy of the proxy materials.
•During the Annual Meeting:
◦By participating in the Annual Meeting and voting online during the Annual Meeting at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/CVI2020.
If you were a beneficial owner at the close of business on the Record Date, you will be sent separate voting instructions from your broker, bank, or other nominee explaining how to vote your shares. Beneficial holders who wish to vote during our online Annual Meeting must ask the brokerage firm, trust, bank, or other nominee that holds their shares to provide them with a legal proxy to vote such shares.
Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, we urge you to vote. Returning the proxy card or voting by telephone will not affect your right to attend the Annual Meeting and vote online during the Annual Meeting.
What is the difference between a stockholder of record and a beneficial owner?
If your shares are registered directly in your name with CVR Energy’s transfer agent, American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, you are considered the “stockholder of record” with respect to those shares. If your shares are held in a stock brokerage account, by a bank, or other nominee, you are considered a “beneficial owner” with respect to those shares which shares are sometimes referred to as being held “in street name,” and access to our proxy materials is being provided to you by your broker, bank, or other nominee who is considered the stockholder of record with respect to those shares.
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Can I revoke or change my vote?
If you are a stockholder of record, you can change or revoke your proxy before it is voted at the Annual Meeting in one of the following ways:
•Timely delivering a valid, later-dated proxy or a later-dated vote by telephone;
•Timely delivering written notice of revocation to the Company’s Secretary at the address above; or
•Attending the Annual Meeting online and voting online during the Annual Meeting.
If you are a beneficial owner of shares but not the stockholder of record, you may submit new voting instructions by contacting your broker, bank, or other nominee. You may also vote at the Annual Meeting if you obtain a legal proxy as described in the answer to the question “How do I vote?” above. All shares that have been properly voted and not revoked will be voted at the Annual Meeting.
How can I participate in the Annual Meeting?
The Annual Meeting will be held entirely virtually, as permitted by Delaware law and the Company’s Second Amended and Restated By-Laws (the “By-Laws”). There will be no physical location at which stockholders may attend the Annual Meeting, but stockholders may participate in and vote at the Annual Meeting online. Stockholders who participate in the virtual Annual Meeting will be deemed to be present in person and will be able to vote during the Annual Meeting at the time the polls are open. Stockholders who wish to participate in the meeting should go to www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/CVI2020 at least 10 minutes before the beginning of the Annual Meeting to register their participation and complete the verification procedures to confirm that they were stockholders of record (or a duly authorized proxy holder of a stockholders of record) as of the Record Date, April 6, 2020. Stockholders of record (or a duly authorized proxy holder of a stockholder of record) will need to provide their 16 digit control number to verify their identity and gain access to the Annual Meeting.
What if during the check-in time or during the Annual Meeting, I have technical difficulties or trouble accessing the live webcast?
If you encounter any difficulties accessing the live webcast during the check-in or meeting, please call the Broadridge technical support number that will be posted on the Annual Meeting log-in page at www.virutalshareholdermeeting.com/CVI2020.
What votes need to be present to hold the Annual Meeting?
Under our By-Laws, the presence in person, online, or by proxy, of the stockholders of record of a majority of the aggregate voting power of the common stock issued and outstanding on the Record Date (April 6, 2020) entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting will constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker “non-votes” are counted as present and entitled to vote for purposes of determining whether a quorum exists. Although not expected, if a quorum is not present or represented, we may adjourn and reschedule the Annual Meeting, without notice other than announcement at the Annual Meeting, until a quorum is present or represented.
How are votes counted?
For Proposal 1 (Election of Eight Directors Named in this Proxy Statement), your vote may be cast “FOR” all of the nominees or your vote may be “WITHHOLD” with respect to one or more of the nominees. If you withhold your vote with respect to any nominee, your vote will have no effect on the election of such nominee. For all other proposals, your vote may be cast “FOR” or “AGAINST” or you may “ABSTAIN.” If you “ABSTAIN” from voting with respect to any of these proposals, it has the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the proposal. If you sign your voting instruction form with no further instructions and you are a stockholder of record as of the Record Date then your shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of our Board. If you sign your voting instruction form with no further instructions and you are a beneficial owner, then please see the response to the question immediately below for a description of how your shares will be voted.
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What is the effect of broker non-votes?
A broker “non-vote” occurs when a broker, bank, or other nominee holding shares for a beneficial owner does not vote on a particular proposal because the nominee does not have discretionary voting power with respect to that item and has not received voting instructions from the beneficial owner. Under current New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) rules, a broker, bank, or other nominee may exercise discretionary voting power for the ratification of the selection of Grant Thornton and, therefore, no broker non-votes are expected for this proposal. However, your broker, bank, or other nominee will not be permitted to exercise discretion to vote your shares for the election of directors or the Say-on-Pay proposal. Directors are elected by a plurality vote and, therefore, shares subject to a broker non-vote with respect to the election of directors will have no effect on the election of nominees. Shares subject to a broker non-vote with respect to the Say-on-Pay proposal are not considered to be entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting and, therefore, will have no effect on the Say-on-Pay proposal.
Who will pay the costs of soliciting these proxies?
We will bear all costs of solicitation. Upon request, we will reimburse brokers, banks, and other nominees for the expenses they incur in forwarding the proxy materials to you.
Is this Proxy Statement the only way that proxies may be solicited?
No. In addition to our mailing the Notice, members of our Board, executive officers, and certain employees may solicit proxies by telephone, by fax, by other electronic means of communication (through electronic mail and the Company’s webpage), or in person. They will not receive any compensation for their solicitation activities in addition to their regular compensation. We have not engaged an outside solicitation firm in connection with the solicitation of proxies at this year’s Annual Meeting.
Where can I find the voting results?
We will publish voting results in a Current Report on Form 8-K (“Form 8-K”) that we will file with the SEC within four business days following the Annual Meeting. If on the date of this filing the inspector of election for the Annual Meeting has not certified the voting results as final, we will note in the filing that the results are preliminary and publish the final results in a subsequent amended Form 8-K filing within four business days after the final voting results are known.
Why did I receive only one Notice when there are several stockholders of record at my address?
If you and other residents at your mailing address own shares in street name, your broker, bank, or other nominee may have sent you a notice that your household will receive only one annual report and proxy statement for each company in which you hold shares through that broker, bank, or other nominee. This practice is called “householding.” If you did not respond that you did not want to participate in householding, you are deemed to have consented to that process. If these procedures apply to you, your broker, bank, or other nominee will have sent one copy of the Notice and, if applicable, our 2019 Annual Report and Proxy Statement to your address. You may revoke your consent to householding at any time by contacting your broker, bank, or other nominee.
If you did not receive an individual copy of the Notice, our 2019 Annual Report, or Proxy Statement, we will send copies to you if you contact us at 2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500, Sugar Land, Texas 77479, (281) 207-3200, Attention: General Counsel or use one of the other methods described in this Proxy Statement. If you and other residents at your address have been receiving multiple copies of the Notice or, if applicable, our 2019 Annual Report or Proxy Statement, and desire to receive only a single copy of these materials, you may contact your broker, bank, or other nominee or contact us at the above address or telephone number.
Whom should I contact if I have any questions?
If you have any questions about the Annual Meeting, please call our provider at: Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc., 1-800-586-1548 (toll free) or 303-562-9288 (international fee may apply). If you are a stockholder of record and have any questions about your ownership of CVR Energy common stock, please contact our transfer agent at: American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, Telephone: (800) 937-5449, E-mail: help@astfinancial.com, or Website Address: www.astfinancial.com. If you hold your shares “in street name” please contact your broker, bank, or other nominee.
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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Introduction
We believe that good corporate governance benefits all of our stockholders. We regularly review and consider our corporate governance policies and practices, the SEC’s corporate governance rules and regulations, and the corporate governance listing standards of the NYSE, the stock exchange on which our common stock is traded, and may update our corporate governance policies and practices as appropriate.
We have adopted a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct (the “Code”) that applies to all of our directors, officers, and employees, and also includes portions that specifically apply to our CEO, CFO, Principal Accounting Officer, and others performing related functions. Copies of the Code and our Corporate Governance Guidelines are posted on our website at www.cvrenergy.com under the heading “Investor Relations” and the subheading “Corporate Governance.” Printed copies of these documents are also available free of charge upon request to our Secretary. We will post on our website or file a Form 8-K with the SEC any amendments to, or waivers from, the Code requiring disclosure under applicable rules within four business days following the amendment or waiver.
Our Board
During 2019, the Board consisted of three directors affirmatively determined by the Board to be independent directors (Bob G. Alexander, Stephen Mongillo, and James M. Strock), one employee director (David L. Lamp, our President and CEO), and four non-management directors who are also directors and/or executive officers of Icahn Enterprises L.P. (“IEP”) (SungHwan Cho, our Chairman of the Board; Patricia A. Agnello; Jonathan Frates; and Hunter C. Gary). Mr. Alexander passed away on April 5, 2020, at which time he ceased being a member of the Board and its Audit Committee and Environmental, Health and Safety Committee (“EH&S Committee”). On April 15, 2020, the Board appointed Jaffrey A. Firestone to the Board and its Audit Committee and EH&S Committee.
None of our directors or executive officers currently have any family relationship with any other director or executive officer. The table below sets forth the names and ages (as of April 6, 2020) of each of the nominees for our Board (each of whom is an existing director) and the year they first joined our Board.

Name |  | Age |  | Position |  | Joined Board
SungHwan Cho |  | 45 |  | Chairman and Director |  | May 2012
Patricia A. Agnello |  | 63 |  | Director |  | September 2018
Jaffrey (Jay) A. Firestone |  | 63 |  | Director |  | April 2020
Jonathan Frates |  | 37 |  | Director |  | March 2016
Hunter C. Gary |  | 45 |  | Director |  | September 2018
David L. Lamp |  | 62 |  | President, CEO and Director |  | January 2018
Stephen Mongillo |  | 58 |  | Director |  | May 2012
James M. Strock |  | 63 |  | Director |  | May 2012

Detailed descriptions of the backgrounds, experience, and qualifications of our directors begin on page 18. As required by our Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Board periodically evaluates the composition of the Board, including the skill sets, diversity, leadership structure, background, and experience of its directors. The Board believes its current structure and composition is best for the Company and its stockholders at this time.
12

Board Leadership
Our Corporate Governance Guidelines provide the Board with the flexibility to exercise its business judgment to choose the optimal leadership for the Board depending upon the Company’s particular needs and circumstances.
The Board is currently led by its Chairman, Mr. Cho, and Mr. Lamp serves as our CEO. The Board believes that this leadership structure, which separates the Chairman and CEO roles, is appropriate at this time in light of ownership of over 70% of our common stock by IEP and its affiliates. In particular, the Board believes this structure clarifies the individual roles and responsibilities of the Chairman and CEO and enhances accountability. The Board recognizes there is no single, generally accepted approach to providing Board leadership and the Board’s leadership structure may vary in the future. The Board believes it should have the flexibility to make determinations as to the best leadership structure and allocation of responsibilities of the Chairman and CEO as circumstances warrant. In determining the appropriate leadership structure, the Board considers, among other factors, the current composition and dynamics of the Board and the challenges and opportunities specific to the Company.
Director Qualifications and Nominations
The Board seeks a diverse group of directors who have attributes necessary to create a cohesive and effective Board, including high personal and professional ethics, integrity and values, vision and long-term strategic perspective, experience in similar industries, practical judgment, the ability to devote significant time to serve on our Board and its committees, and a commitment to representing the long-term interests of all of our stockholders. The Board believes it should possess a combination of skills, professional experience, and diversity of backgrounds and perspectives necessary to oversee our business.
As a result of IEP’s control of a majority of our outstanding common stock, IEP ultimately controls the election of all of the members of our Board. Consequently, our Board has deemed it appropriate not to maintain a formal policy with respect to the review of potential nominees or to charge the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (the “Governance Committee”) with the nomination of directors. However, all of our directors ultimately participate in the review of potential nominees to our Board. In 2020, the Board reviewed the qualifications, skills, backgrounds, and experience of our directors and director nominees, both individually and in the broader context of the Board’s overall composition and our current and anticipated future needs.
The Board may consider candidates recommended by stockholders, as well as from other sources such as other directors or officers, third-party search firms, or other appropriate sources. If a stockholder wishes to recommend a candidate for director for election at the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, it must follow the procedures described below under “2021 Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations.”
Director Independence and the “Controlled Company” Exemption
We are a controlled company under the rules of the NYSE and, as a result, we qualify for and rely on exemptions from certain requirements of the NYSE. Under the rules of the NYSE, a listed company is a controlled company when more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, a group, or another company. Our Board has determined that we are a controlled company because IEP and its affiliates currently own approximately 70.8% of our outstanding common stock.
Due to our status as a controlled company, we are relying on exemptions from the NYSE rules that require our Board be comprised of a majority of independent directors, as defined under the rules of the NYSE. Although not required by the NYSE, the Board does maintain a Compensation Committee and a Governance Committee, which are not (and are not required to be) comprised solely of independent directors.
The controlled company exemption does not modify the independence requirements for the Audit Committee. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (as amended, the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) and NYSE rules require that our Audit Committee be composed entirely of independent directors. The members of the Audit Committee are Mr. Mongillo, who serves as Chairman, and Messrs. Firestone and Strock. Mr. Alexander was a member of the Audit Committee up to April 5, 2020. All members were affirmatively determined by our Board to be “independent” and “financially literate” under the rules and regulations of the NYSE and the SEC applicable to audit committee members under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) during their time of service. In addition, Mr. Mongillo was further determined to be an “Audit Committee Financial Expert”.
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Board Oversight and Meetings
The Board oversees the business of the Company, which is conducted by the Company’s officers and employees under the direction of the CEO. The Board performs a number of specific functions either directly or through its committees, including (among others):
•Reviewing, approving, and monitoring financial and business strategies, risks, and major corporate actions;
•Selecting, evaluating, and compensating the CEO and other executive officers of the Company; and
•Reviewing the Company’s business results and compliance with its public disclosure obligations.
Members of the Board are kept informed about our Company’s business by members of the Company’s management. The full Board is also advised of actions taken by the various committees of our Board by the chairmen of those committees. Directors have access to all of our books, records, and reports, and members of management are available at all times to answer their questions. Management also communicates with the various members of our Board on a regular informal basis, as needed, to effectively oversee the activities of our Company.
The Board met six times and acted by written consent five times in 2019. All of the directors who served during 2019 attended at least 75% of the total meetings of the Board and each of its committees on which such director served, except for Mr. Gary, who attended one-third of the Board meetings. In addition, while we do not have a specific policy regarding attendance at the annual meeting of stockholders, all director nominees are encouraged to attend the Annual Meeting. In 2019, four directors attended our virtual annual meeting of stockholders.
Meetings of Non-Management Directors and Executive Sessions
To promote open discussion among non-management directors, we schedule regular executive sessions in which our independent directors meet without management participation. “Non-management directors” are all directors who are not executive officers. During 2019, three of our directors were independent (Messrs. Alexander, Mongillo, and Strock) and all of our directors were non-management directors, except for Mr. Lamp, our CEO. Currently, we do not have a lead independent director. Our independent directors met four times in executive session during 2019. Our non-management directors did not formally meet during 2019. In the absence of further action, Mr. Mongillo will lead executive sessions held by our independent directors and the Chairman of the Board will lead executive sessions held by our non-management directors.
Risk Oversight
We believe that our governance processes provide rigorous Board oversight of the Company and its management. The Board considers oversight of CVR Energy’s risks and risk management activities to be a responsibility of the entire Board, though the Board also delegates certain risk oversight to certain of its committees, including the following:

Audit Committee Risk Oversight Areas |  | Compensation Committee Risk Oversight Areas |  | Governance Committee Risk Oversight Areas |  | EH&S Committee Risk Oversight Areas
Financial exposure, insurance, legal, compliance, financial statements and reporting |  | Compensation and benefits policies and programs, succession and executive performance |  | Corporate governance, Code compliance, and Board and committee performance |  | Environmental, health and safety policies, programs, procedures, regulations, compliance and initiatives

The Board’s role in risk oversight includes receiving regular reports from management on areas of material risk to the Company or to the success of a particular project or endeavor under consideration, including operational, financial, legal and regulatory, strategic, and reputational risks. The full Board (or the appropriate committee, in the case of risks that are under the purview of a particular committee) receives these reports from the appropriate members of management to enable the Board (or committee) to understand the Company’s risk identification, risk management, and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures, including the periodic review of new and emerging risks. When a report is vetted at the committee level, the chairman of that committee subsequently reports on the matter to the full Board. This enables the Board and its committees to coordinate the Board’s risk oversight role. The Board also believes that risk management is an integral part of CVR Energy’s annual strategic planning process, which addresses, among other things, long-term risks and opportunities.
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The CEO’s membership on and collaboration with the Board allows him to gauge whether management is providing adequate information for the Board to understand the interrelationships of our various businesses and risks. He is available to the Board to address any questions from other directors regarding management’s ability to identify and mitigate risks and weigh them against potential rewards.
Communications with Directors
Stockholders and other interested parties wishing to communicate with our Board may send a written communication addressed to:
CVR Energy, Inc.
2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500
Sugar Land, Texas 77479
Attention: General Counsel
Our General Counsel will forward all appropriate communications directly to our Board or to any individual director or directors, depending upon the facts and circumstances outlined in the communication. Any stockholder or other party who is interested in contacting only the independent directors or non-management directors as a group or the director who presides over the meetings of the independent directors or non-management directors may also send written communications to the contact above and should state for whom the communication is intended.
Committees of the Board
Our Board has five main standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, the Governance Committee, the EH&S Committee, and the Special Committee. The composition of the Board’s five standing committees is as follows:

Director |  | Audit Committee |  | Compensation Committee |  | Governance Committee |  | EH&S Committee |  | Special Committee
Bob G. Alexander* |  | ü |  |  |  |  |  | ü |  |
Patricia A. Agnello |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ü |  |
SungHwan Cho |  |  |  |  |  | ü |  |  |  | ü
Hunter C. Gary |  |  |  | u |  |  |  |  |  |
Jaffrey (Jay) A. Firestone* |  | ü |  |  |  |  |  | ü |  |
Jonathan Frates |  |  |  | ü |  | u |  |  |  | ü
David L. Lamp |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ü
Stephen Mongillo |  | u |  |  |  | ü |  |  |  |
James M. Strock |  | ü |  |  |  | ü |  | u |  |
u = Chairman; ü = Committee Member |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

*Mr. Alexander served on the Audit Committee and EH&S Committee until he passed away on April 5, 2020, and Mr. Firestone was appointed to such committees on April 15, 2020 as Mr. Alexander’s replacement.
Any standing committee with a written charter reviews the adequacy of such charter periodically in addition to evaluating its performance and reporting to the Board on such evaluation. The charter for each of these committees (except the Special Committee which does not have a charter) is posted on our website at www.cvrenergy.com under the heading “Investor Relations” and the subheading “Corporate Governance.” The function of each committee is described in greater detail below.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
During 2019, the Compensation Committee was comprised of Messrs. Gary and Frates. None of the members of the Compensation Committee during 2019 have, at any time, been an officer or employee of the Company and none have any relationship requiring disclosure under Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act. No interlocking relationship exists between the Board or Compensation Committee and the board of directors or compensation committee of any other company.
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Audit Committee* Met 4 times in 2019 Current Members: Stephen Mongillo*†, Chairman Jaffrey A. Firestone* James M. Strock* *Independent and Financially Literate †Audit Committee Financial Expert | Primary Responsibilities: •Oversees and reviews with management, the independent auditor, and internal auditor the integrity of the Company’s financial statements, financial reports, and other financial information •Oversees and reviews the integrity and adequacy of the Company’s auditing, accounting and financial reporting processes, and systems of internal controls for financial reporting regarding finance, accounting, and reporting •Assists with Board oversight of the Company’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, including internal controls designed for that purpose and financial and related risks •Oversees and reviews the independence, qualifications, and performance of the Company’s independent auditor including fees related thereto •Oversees the performance of the Company’s internal audit function •Prepares the Audit Committee report that the SEC rules require to be included in the Company’s annual proxy statement •Acted by Written Consent 2 times in 2019
Compensation Committee Met 2 times in 2019 Current Members: Hunter C. Gary, Chairman Jonathan Frates | Primary Responsibilities: •Reviews, amends, modifies, adopts, and oversees the incentive compensation plans, equity-based compensation plans, qualified retirement plans, health and welfare plans, deferred compensation plans, and any other benefit plans, programs or arrangements sponsored or maintained by the Company •Evaluates the performance of our executive officers and, in connection therewith, reviews and determines, or recommends to the Board, the annual salary, bonus, equity-based compensation, and other compensation, incentives and benefits of our executive officers (other than compensation and benefits provided by one of its affiliates) •Reviews and approves any employment, consulting, change-in-control, severance or termination, or other compensation agreements or arrangements with our executive officers •Reviews and makes recommendations to the Board with respect to the compensation of non-employee directors or any plans or programs relating thereto •Reviews and discusses the Compensation Committee Report and the Compensation Discussion and Analysis and recommends to the Board their inclusion in the Company’s Proxy Statement •Assists the Board in assessing any risks to the Company associated with compensation practices and policies •Acted by Written Consent 8 times in 2019
Governance Committee Met 1 time in 2019 Current Members: Jonathan Frates, Chairman SungHwan Cho Stephen Mongillo James M. Strock | Primary Responsibilities: •Reviews the Company’s governance policies including Corporate Governance Guidelines and any requests for waivers thereunder •Oversees the annual self-assessment of the Board and its committees •Assists the Board in oversight of governance and related risks •Reviews and makes recommendations on any stockholder proposals •Leads director orientation and continuing education
EH&S Committee Met 1 time in 2019 Current Members: James M. Strock, Chairman Patricia A. Agnello Jaffrey A. Firestone | Primary Responsibilities: •Oversees the establishment, administration and effectiveness of EH&S policies, programs, procedures, and initiatives •Assists the Board in oversight of risks relating to EH&S •Evaluates the Company’s contingency planning and emergency response preparedness
Special Committee Met 1 time in 2019 Current Members: SungHwan Cho Jonathan Frates David L. Lamp | Primary Responsibilities: •Evaluates and approves matters arising during the intervals between Board meetings •Exercises approval authority delegated by the Board •Acted by Written Consent 22 times in 2019

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DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
Director Compensation Program
The compensation the Company pays to its directors who are not officers or employees of CVR Energy or its affiliates (“Non-Employee Directors”) is designed to attract and retain nationally recognized, highly qualified directors to lead the Company and to be demonstrably fair to both the Company and its Non-Employee Directors, taking into consideration, among other things, the time commitments required for service on the Board and its committees. In developing Non-Employee Director compensation, the Board considers the factors set forth above, and relies upon its experience and judgment. Non-Employee Director compensation generally includes an annual cash retainer for service as a director, a separate cash retainer for service as a member or chairman of a committee, and reimbursement of certain travel and director education expenses.
In December 2018, the Board considered these goals and the compensation paid to such directors for 2018, and upon recommendation of the Compensation Committee, elected to keep such compensation for 2019 the same as 2018. During 2019, the independent directors received the following annual director fees:
•An annual cash retainer of $50,000, payable quarterly;
•An annual cash retainer for service as a committee Chairman or member of $5,000 and $1,000, respectively; and
•Reimbursement of out-of-pocket costs incurred in connection with attending meetings of the Board and its committees and up to $1,500 in director-related education expenses.
No other directors (including directors affiliated with IEP) receive any compensation for their service on the Board or its committees, though they are entitled to reimbursement of certain travel expenses.
The following table reflects compensation earned by or paid to each Non-Employee Director for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Name |  | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash |  | All Other Compensation |  | Total
Bob G. Alexander |  | $ | 51,588 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,588 |
Stephen Mongillo |  | 57,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 57,000 |
James M. Strock |  | 54,940 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,940 |

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PROPOSAL 1
ELECTION OF EIGHT DIRECTORS NAMED IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT
Nominees
At the Annual Meeting, stockholders of record as of the Record Date are requested to elect Ms. Agnello and Messrs. Cho, Firestone, Frates, Gary, Lamp, Mongillo, and Strock to hold office until the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders or until their successors are elected and qualified. Each of the nominees has indicated his or her willingness to serve as a director, if elected. If for any reason any of the nominees should become unable to serve as a director prior to the Annual Meeting, the proxy holders may vote for the election of a substitute nominee designated by the Board or the Board may reduce its size. The Board believes each of the directors who have been nominated is qualified to serve as a director due to the value of his or her experiences, qualifications, attributes, and skills as noted below.
THE BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE FOR THE ELECTION OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING NOMINEES:

Nominee | Principal Occupation, Experience and Qualifications
Patricia A. Agnello Director Age 63 Current Public Company Directorships: CVR Energy (2018 to Current) Former Public Company Directorships: ARI (2017 to 2018) | Ms. Agnello has served as a director since September 2018. Ms. Agnello has been the chief human resources officer & employment counsel for IEP since March 2020, and for its former affiliate, Insight Portfolio Group (“ISG”), from May 2007 until February 2020. In this capacity, Ms. Agnello provides human resources advice to a variety of companies with which Mr. Icahn has a relationship. Prior to joining ISG, Ms. Agnello held senior human resources positions at Integro Insurance Brokers, North Fork Bank, Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc., PriceWaterhouseCoopers, and spent approximately 15 years with Exxon Corporation. Ms. Agnello has been a director of: Icahn Automotive Group LLC (“IAG”), an automotive parts installer, retailer and distributor, since 2017 and PSC Metals, LLC (“PSC”), a metal recycling company, since 2012. American Railcar Industries, Inc. (“ARI”) was and IAG and PSC are each indirectly controlled by Mr. Icahn. Ms. Agnello received a J.D. from St. John’s University School of Law, an MBA in Human Resources Management from Adelphi University, and a BA in Liberal Arts from Marymount Manhattan College. Except as listed herein, Ms. Agnello has served on no other public company boards in the past five years. Based on Ms. Agnello’s extensive experience in human resources, business acumen and extensive board experience, we believe Ms. Agnello’s requisite skills make her qualified to serve as our director.

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SungHwan Cho Chairman and Director Age 45 Current Public Company Directorships: CVR Energy (2012 to Current) Tenneco (2019 to Current) Hertz (2017 to Current) IEP (2012 to Current) Former Public Company Directorships: CVR Refining (2013 to 2019) CVR Partners (2012 to 2017) Federal-Mogul (2012 to 2018) Take-Two (2010 to 2013) Viskase (2006 to 2017) | Mr. Cho has served as a director since May 2012 and has been Chairman of the Board since June 2018. Mr. Cho has served as chief financial officer of IEP, a diversified holding company engaged in a variety of businesses, including investment, automotive, energy, food packaging, metals, real estate and home fashion, since March 2012. Prior to that time, he was senior vice president and previously portfolio company associate at IEP, from October 2006 until March 2012. Mr. Cho serves as a director of certain wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries of IEP, including: IAG; PSC Metals, LLC (“PSC”), a metal recycling company; and WestPoint Home LLC (“WestPoint Home”), a home textiles manufacturer. Mr. Cho was previously a member of the Executive Committee of American Railcar Leasing LLC (“ARL”), a lessor and seller of specialized railroad tank and covered hopper railcars, from September 2013 until June 2017 and a director of Ferrous Resources Limited (“Ferrous”), an iron ore mining company with operations in Brazil, from June 2015 until August 2019. IEP, CVR Energy, CVR Partners, LP (“CVR Partners”), CVR Refining, LP (“CVR Refining”), IAG, WestPoint Home, PSC, and Viskase Companies, Inc. (“Viskase”) are, and Federal-Mogul Holdings LLC (“Federal Mogul”), ARI, and ARL were, each indirectly controlled by Mr. Icahn. Mr. Icahn also has or previously had a non-controlling interest in each of Tenneco, Inc. (“Tenneco”), Hertz Global Holdings, Inc. (“Hertz”), and Take-Two Interactive Software (“Take-Two”) through the ownership of securities. Mr. Cho received a B.S. in Computer Science from Stanford University and an MBA from New York University, Stern School of Business. Except as listed herein, Mr. Cho has served on no other public company boards in the past five years. Based upon Mr. Cho’s deep understanding of finance and risk obtained from his past experience, we believe that Mr. Cho’s set of skills make him qualified serve as our Chairman and director.
Jaffrey A. Firestone Director Age 63 Current Public Company Directorships: CVR Energy (2020 to Current) Former Public Company Directorships: Voltari (2011 to 2019) | Mr. Firestone has served as a director since April 2020. Since 2006, Mr. Firestone has served as chairman and chief executive officer at Prodigy Pictures Inc., a leader in the production of quality film, television and cross-platform media. Previously, Mr. Firestone established Fireworks Entertainment in 1996 to produce, distribute and finance television programs and feature films. In 1998, Fireworks Entertainment was acquired by CanWest Global Communications Corporation and Mr. Firestone was named chairman and chief executive officer and oversaw the company’s Los Angeles and London based television operations as well as its Los Angeles feature film division, Fireworks Pictures. In addition, Mr. Firestone oversaw the company’s interest in New York based IDP Distribution, an independent distribution and marketing company formed by Fireworks Entertainment in 2000 as a joint venture with Samuel Goldwyn Films and Stratosphere Entertainment. Mr. Firestone has served on the board of directors for the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television and the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences International Council in Los Angeles. Mr. Firestone has led two successful initial public offerings and in 1998, was nominated for entrepreneur of the year. Voltari Corporation (“Voltari”), a commercial real estate company was and CVR Energy is indirectly controlled by Mr. Icahn. Mr. Firestone obtained a degree in commerce from McMasters University. Mr. Firestone has extensive experience in dealing with financial reporting, which, in addition to his past service on other boards, enables him to advise our board on a range of matters including financial matters and make him qualified to serve as our director.

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Jonathan Frates Director Age 37 Current Public Company Directorships: CVR Energy (2016 to Current) CVR Partners (2016 to Current) Herc Holdings (2019 to Current) SandRidge (2018 to Current) Viskase (2016 to Current) Former Public Company Directorships: ARI (2016 to 2018) CVR Refining (2016 to 2019) | Mr. Frates has served as a director since March 2016. Mr. Frates has been a managing director at IEP, a diversified holding company engaged in a variety of businesses, including investment, automotive, energy, food packaging, metals, real estate and home fashion, since June 2018. From November 2015 until June 2018, Mr. Frates served as a portfolio company associate at IEP. Prior to joining IEP, Mr. Frates served as a senior business analyst at First Acceptance Corp. and as an associate at its holding company, Diamond A Ford Corp. Mr. Frates began his career as an investment banking analyst at Wachovia Securities LLC. Mr. Frates has also been a member of the Executive Committee of ACF Industries LLC (“ACF Industries”), a railcar manufacturing company, since September 2018. Mr. Frates has served as a director of Ferrous, a majority-owned subsidiary of IEP, from December 2016 until July 2019. ARI was and ACF Industries, Viskase, CVR Energy, CVR Refining, and CVR Partners are each indirectly controlled by Mr. Icahn. Mr. Icahn also has a non-controlling interest in Herc Holdings Inc. (“Herc Holdings”) and SandRidge Energy, Inc. (“Sandridge”) through the ownership of securities. Mr. Frates received a BBA from Southern Methodist University and an MBA from Columbia Business School. Mr. Frates’ significant board experience and broad financial background make him qualified to serve as our director.
Hunter C. Gary Director Age 45 Current Public Company Directorships: CVR Energy (2018 to Current) CVR Partners (2018 to Current) Herbalife (2014 to Current) Former Public Company Directorships: CVR Refining (2018 to 2019) Federal-Mogul (2012 to 2016) Voltari (2007 to 2015) ARI (2008 to 2015) Viskase (2012 to 2015) Tropicana (2010 to 2018) Cadus (2014 to 2018) XO Holdings (2011 to 2018) | Mr. Gary has served as a director since September 2018. Mr. Gary has served as senior managing director of IEP since November 2010. At IEP, Mr. Gary is responsible for monitoring portfolio company operations, implementing operational value enhancement as well as leading a variety of operational activities for IEP which focus on a variety of areas including technology, merger integration, supply chain, organization transformation, real estate, recruiting, business process outsourcing, SG&A cost reduction, strategic IT projects, and executive compensation. Mr. Gary has served as president of IEP’s Real Estate segment since November 2013 and has led the Information Technology and Cybersecurity group at IEP since September 2015 while serving as president of Sfire Technology LLC (f.k.a. IEH Technology LLC) since December 2015. Mr. Gary has served as president and chief executive officer of Cadus Corporation (“Cadus”), a company engaged in the acquisition of real estate for renovation or construction and resale, from March 2014 until June 2018. Prior to IEP and Cadus, Mr. Gary has been employed by Icahn Associates Corporation in various roles since 2003, most recently as the chief operating officer of Icahn Sourcing LLC (f.k.a. ISG). In addition, Mr. Gary has served as a director of certain wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries of IEP, including: The Pep Boys - Manny, Moe & Jack (“The Pep Boys”), since 2016; PSC, since 2012; WestPoint Home, since 2007; IAG, since 2017; IEH Auto Parts LLC, from June 2015 until May 2017; and Ferrous from June 2015 until August 2019. Mr. Gary has also been a member of the Executive Committee of ACF Industries, since July 2015. ARI, Cadus, Ferrous and Federal-Mogul each were and IAG, ACF Industries, Viskase, PSC, Tropicana Entertainment, Inc. (“Tropicana”), Voltari, CVR Energy, CVR Refining, CVR Partners, WestPoint Home, IEH Auto Parts, and The Pep Boys each are indirectly controlled by Mr. Icahn. Mr. Icahn also has a non-controlling interest in Herbalife Ltd. (“Herbalife”) through the ownership of securities. Mr. Gary received his B.S. with senior honors from Georgetown University as well as a certificate of executive development from Columbia Graduate School of Business. Mr. Gary’s extensive business and operations background, coupled with his board experience, make him qualified to serve as our director.

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David L. Lamp Director Age 62 Current Public Company Directorships: CVR Energy (2018 to Current) CVR Partners (2018 to Current) Former Public Company Directorships: CVR Refining (2018 to 2019) NTE (2013 to 2016) | Mr. Lamp has served as a director since January 2018. Mr. Lamp has served as President and CEO of CVR Energy and Executive Chairman of the general partner of CVR Partners since December 2017. Mr. Lamp has more than 40 years of technical, commercial and operational experience in the refining and chemical industries. He previously served as President and Chief Operating Officer of Western Refining, Inc. (“WNR”) from 2016 until its sale to Andeavor in 2017 and as president and chief executive officer and a director of the general partner of Northern Tier Energy, L.P. (“NTE”) from 2013 until its merger with WNR in 2016. Mr. Lamp graduated from Michigan State University with a Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering. He also serves on the Board of Directors for the American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers Association and is a past chairman. We believe that Mr. Lamp’s extensive knowledge and experience in the refining and chemical industries, as well as his significant background serving in key executive roles at public and private companies and strong leadership skills make him well qualified to serve as our director.
Stephen Mongillo Director Age 58 Current Public Company Directorships: CVR Energy (2012 to Current) Icahn Enterprises G.P. Inc. (2020 to Current) Former Public Company Directorships: ARI (2009 to 2011) Herc Holdings (2016 to 2018) | Mr. Mongillo has served as a director since May 2012. Mr. Mongillo is a private investor. Mr. Mongillo is currently the chairman and chief executive officer of AMPF, Inc., a distributor of picture frame mouldings and supplies of which he is the principal shareholder. From January 2008 to January 2011, Mr. Mongillo served as a managing director of Icahn Capital LP, the entity through which Mr. Icahn managed third-party investment funds. From March 2009 until January 2011, Mr. Mongillo served as a director of WestPoint International Inc. Prior to joining Icahn Capital, Mr. Mongillo worked at Bear Stearns for 10 years, most recently as a senior managing director overseeing the leveraged finance group’s efforts in the healthcare, real estate, gaming, lodging, leisure, restaurant and education sectors. ARI was and WestPoint International is directly or indirectly controlled by Mr. Icahn. Mr. Mongillo received a B.A. from Trinity College and an M.B.A from the Amos Tuck School of Business Administration at Dartmouth College. Based upon Mr. Mongillo’s over 25 years of experience in the financial industry and his strong understanding of the complex business and financial issues encountered by large complex companies, we believe that Mr. Mongillo’s set of skills make him qualified to serve as our director.
James M. Strock Director Age 63 Current Public Company Directorships: CVR Energy (2012 to Current) | Mr. Strock has served as a director since May 2012. Mr. Strock is the chief executive officer of the Serve to Lead Group, which he founded in 1997. The Serve to Lead Group serves diverse sectors including: finance, manufacturing, transportation, technology, defense, aerospace, health care, real estate, chemicals, professional services, insurance, environmental safety and health, remediation, clean tech, sustainability, energy, and medical cannabis. Mr. Strock, individually and as part of various teams and organizations, serves various functions, including: management, project management, financing, sales and marketing, stakeholder engagement, public advocacy, communication (including new media), crisis communication, strategic planning, regulatory compliance, negotiation, mediation, facilitation, human resources, and training. Mr. Strock has served in senior executive and board positions in the public, private, and not-for-profit sectors. He served as California’s founding Secretary for Environmental Protection, and as Assistant Administrator for Enforcement (chief law enforcement officer) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mr. Strock is the author of three books on leadership, management, and communication. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Authors Guild. Mr. Strock holds an A.B. from Harvard College and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. He served as captain in the USAR-JAGC. Based upon Mr. Strock’s extensive business and public service experience, which enable him to assist boards in meeting their responsibilities in various functions, we believe that Mr. Strock’s set of skills make him qualified to serve as our director.

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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
While the Board provides high-level strategy and guidance for the Company, our day-to-day activities are carried out by our executive officers. Our executive officers are appointed by the Board and act within the authorities granted by the Board and our organizational documents. In this report, we refer to the executive officers of our Company as our “executive officers.” The following table sets forth the names, positions, ages, background, experience, and qualifications (as of April 6, 2020) of the executive officers of our Company, other than Mr. Lamp, who is listed under “Nominees” above.

Name, Position and Age |  | Principal Occupation, Experience and Qualifications
Tracy D. Jackson Age 50 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (since 2018) |  | Ms. Jackson has served as our Executive Vice President and CFO since May 2018. Previously, Ms. Jackson held various positions at Tesoro Corporation and Tesoro Logistics LP, including vice president and controller from March 2015 until October 2016, vice president of financial planning and analytics from September 2013 until March 2015, vice president of finance and treasurer from October 2010 until September 2013, and vice president of internal audit from May 2007 until September 2010. Ms. Jackson obtained her undergraduate Bachelor of Business Administration and Accounting in 1993 and an M.B.A in May 2012 from the University of Texas at San Antonio. Ms. Jackson is a CPA, a Certified Internal Auditor and Certified Information Systems Auditor.
Mark A. Pytosh Age 55 Executive Vice President, Corporate Services (since 2018) |  | Mr. Pytosh has served as our Executive Vice President - Corporate Services since January 2018 and as the President and CEO of CVR Partners since May 2014. Previously, Mr. Pytosh served as our Senior Vice President - Administration from October 2014 until December 2017. Mr. Pytosh served as executive vice president and CFO for Alberta, Canada-based Tervita Corporation, an environmental and energy services company, from 2010 until 2014. He also serves on the boards of directors of the University of Illinois Foundation and The Fertilizer Institute. Mr. Pytosh received a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
Melissa M. Buhrig Age 44 Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary (since 2018) |  | Ms. Buhrig has served as our Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since July 2018. Previously, Ms. Buhrig served as executive vice president, general counsel and secretary of Delek US Holdings, Inc. and the general partner of Delek Logistics Partners, LP from October 2017 until June 2018, and held various positions with WNR from November 2005 until June 2017 including senior vice president - services and compliance officer from August 2016 until WNR’s acquisition by Andeavor in July 2017; executive vice president, general counsel and secretary of the general partner of NTE (a WNR affiliate) from March 2014 until August 2016; and vice president, assistant general counsel and assistant secretary of WNR and its affiliated MLP prior to March 2014. Ms. Buhrig received a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from the University of Michigan and a Juris Doctorate with honors from the University of Miami School of Law.
David L. Landreth Age 63 Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer (since 2018) |  | Mr. Landreth has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer since January 2018. He served as Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer for the general partner of CVR Refining from January 2018 until February 2019 and as Senior Vice President – Economics and Planning from its inception in September 2012 until December 2017. Mr. Landreth has more than 38 years of experience in refining and petrochemicals in areas relating to crude, feedstock, product and process optimization, commercial activities, acquisitions, and capital utilization. He has served in numerous management positions in the petroleum industry, primarily in refining and marketing positions. Mr. Landreth received a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from Northwestern Oklahoma State University.
Matthew W. Bley Age 38 Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller (since 2018) |  | Mr. Bley has served as our Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller since April 2018. Previously, Mr. Bley held the roles of assistant controller of reporting from March 2015 until April 2018, senior manager of financial reporting from September 2013 until March 2015, and manager of accounting research from May 2012 until September 2013 for Andeavor (formerly Tesoro). Mr. Bley received a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration and a Master of Science in Accounting from Trinity University in 2004 and 2005, respectively. In addition, he received an M.B.A. from Baylor University and is a Certified Public Accountant.

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COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
The following discussion and analysis of compensation arrangements of our named executive officers (defined below) for 2019 should be read together with the compensation tables and related disclosures set forth below. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on our current plans, considerations, expectations, and determinations regarding future compensation actions. Our actual compensation actions may differ materially from the currently planned programs and payouts summarized in this discussion.
Named Executive Officers
This compensation discussion and analysis provides stockholders with an understanding of our compensation philosophy, objectives, policies, and practices in place during 2019, as well as the factors considered by our Compensation Committee in making compensation decisions for 2019. This compensation discussion and analysis focuses on the compensation of persons who served as our CEO, our CFO, and our next three other most highly compensated executive officers for 2019 (the “named executive officers”):

David L. Lamp | President and CEO
Tracy D. Jackson | Executive Vice President and CFO
Mark A. Pytosh | Executive Vice President - Corporate Services
Melissa M. Buhrig | Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
David L. Landreth | Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer

Compensation Philosophy, Objectives and Processes
In establishing named executive officer compensation, our Compensation Committee generally seeks to compensate named executive officers in a way that meaningfully aligns their interests with the interests of our stockholders, including:
•Incentivizing important business priorities such as safety, reliability, environmental performance, and earnings growth;
•Aligning the named executive officers’ interests with those of our stockholders and stakeholders, including providing long-term economic benefits to the stockholder;
•Providing competitive financial incentives in the form of salary, bonuses, and benefits with the goal of retaining and attracting talented and highly motivated executive officers; and
•Maintaining a compensation program whereby the executive officers, through exceptional performance and incentive awards, have the opportunity to realize economic rewards commensurate with appropriate gains of other stockholders and stakeholders.
The Compensation Committee takes these main objectives into consideration when creating its compensation programs, setting each element of compensation under those programs, and determining the proper mix of the various compensation elements. Named executive officer compensation will generally include a mix of fixed elements, intended to provide stability, as well as variable elements, which align pay and performance, incentivizing and rewarding our named executive officers in years in which the Company achieves superior results.
The Compensation Committee also generally considers, among other factors, the success and performance of the Company, the contributions of named executive officers to such success and performance and the current economic conditions and industry environment in which the Company operates. From time to time, the Compensation Committee may utilize various tools in evaluating and establishing named executive officer compensation, including their own knowledge, experience, and judgment, as well as some or all of the following:
•Input from Board members or management. The Compensation Committee may from time to time ask that certain members of the Board or management provide information and recommendations relating to named executive officer compensation. Such information typically includes the named executive officers’ roles and responsibilities, job performance, the Company’s performance generally and among the industry, and such other information as may be requested by the Compensation Committee.
•Market data and peer comparisons. The Compensation Committee may utilize market data derived from common executive pay practices and industry companies supplemented with broad-based compensation survey data or survey data from the energy, refining, and chemical industries that influence the competitive market for executive talent or from companies comparable to the Company in terms of size and scale.
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•The analysis, judgment, and expertise of an independent compensation consultant. The Compensation Committee may, from time to time, engage an independent outside compensation consultant periodically to provide a comprehensive analysis and recommendations regarding named executive officer compensation.
Compensation Risk Assessment
Our Compensation Committee periodically evaluates and considers risks of our compensation policies and practices as generally applicable to employees, including our named executive officers. Our Compensation Committee believes that our policies and practices do not encourage excessive or unnecessary risk-taking and are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on us. In reaching this conclusion, our Compensation Committee reviewed and discussed the design features, characteristics, and performance metrics of our compensation programs, approval mechanisms for compensation, and observed the following factors, among others, which the Compensation Committee believes reduces risks associated with our compensation policies and practices:
•Our compensation policies and practices are centrally designed and administered;
•Our compensation is balanced among fixed components like salary and benefits, and variable incentives tied to a mix of financial and operational performance; and
•The Compensation Committee has discretion to adjust annual or performance-based awards when appropriate based on our interests and the interests of our stockholders.
Compensation Process for 2019
In setting named executive officer compensation for 2019, the Compensation Committee considered the philosophies and objectives described above, but did not engage an independent compensation consultant or reference any reports from an independent compensation consultant. Instead, the Compensation Committee utilized their own knowledge, experience, and judgment in assessing reasonable compensation and ensuring compensation levels remain competitive in the marketplace, consulted with Mr. Lamp regarding compensation for all named executive officers (other than Mr. Lamp), and also considered the following:
•The Company’s financial and operational performance for the year;
•Each named executive officer’s compensation levels and performance in 2018;
•Total compensation for which each named executive officer would be eligible in 2019 including the expected ratio of salary to bonus; and
•The “at risk” components of the named executive officer compensation.
The Compensation Committee further considered the advisory vote of stockholders from its 2019 Annual Meeting, in which stockholders overwhelmingly approved, on an advisory basis, named executive officer compensation for 2018, which utilized a three-pronged program balancing base salary with annual performance-based bonuses and long-term incentives, both reflected as a percentage of base salary. The Compensation Committee concluded this three-pronged program, which is the same utilized for all management employees of the Company, supports the objectives described above, and elected to keep the structure for 2019 compensation the same as 2018, as follows:

Element |  | Primary Objectives |  | Approved 2019 Compensation
Base Salary |  | •Attract and retain high-caliber executives to lead the Company •Provide competitive financial incentives •Reward individual performance |  | 2018 Base Salary increased up to 5% based on individual performance and/or total relative compensation levels, prorated as applicable
Annual Performance-Based Bonus |  | •Attract and retain high-caliber executives to lead the Company •Incentivize important business priorities •Align interests of executives with those of our stockholders •Provide competitive financial incentives |  | Same target payout percentages as 2018 and substantially equivalent plan document and performance metrics as described below
Long Term Incentive Awards |  | •Attract and retain high-caliber executives to lead the Company •Align interests of executives with those of stockholders •Provide competitive financial incentives •Promote continuity and retention of management |  | Same percentage of Base Salary and terms as 2018, vesting ratably over three years subject to vesting conditions

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2019 Compensation to Mr. Pytosh. Since Mr. Pytosh is employed by and also serves as President and CEO of the general partner of CVR Partners, not all of his 2019 compensation was determined by the Compensation Committee. Instead, as he generally spends 40% of his time performing services for CVR Energy and the remainder of his time performing services for CVR Partners, only 40% of his compensation is determined by the Compensation Committee, with the remainder being determined by the compensation committee of the board of directors of the general partner of CVR Partners (the “UAN Committee”). However, the Compensation Committee confers with the UAN Committee and believes the process and objectives utilized by the UAN Committee in setting named executive officer compensation, as well as the structure and elements of such compensation, are generally consistent with those utilized by the Compensation Committee.
2019 Target Compensation Mix
The 2019 target compensation mix for our CEO and our other named executive officers was predominantly variable or “at risk.” As the following charts illustrate, approximately 77% of our CEO’s total direct compensation (defined as the sum of his 2019 base salary, target annual performance-based bonus, and payment in connection with to the long-term incentive plan of CVR Energy (“CVI LTIP”)) and 78% of the average total target of the total direct compensation of our other named executive officers was delivered in the form of variable or “at risk” compensation.
2019 Target Compensation Mix
Compensation Elements for 2019
Base Salary. Base salaries are set at a level intended to enable CVR Energy to hire and retain executives and to reward individual and Company performance. In February 2019, the Compensation Committee, approved the following base salaries for 2019:

Named Executive Officer |  | 2018 Base Salary |  | 2019 Base Salary |  | Increase |  |
David L. Lamp |  |  | $ | 1,000,000 |  |  |  | $ | 1,000,000 |  |  | — | % |  |
Tracy D. Jackson |  |  | 435,000 |  |  | 456,756 |  |  | 5.0 | % |  |
Mark A. Pytosh (1) |  |  | 535,000 |  |  |  | 551,050 |  |  | 3.0 | % |  |
Melissa M. Buhrig |  |  | 500,000 |  |  |  | 512,500 |  |  | 2.5 | % |  |
David L. Landreth |  | 430,000 |  |  | 442,900 |  |  | 3.0 | % |  |

(1)Included $220,420 determined by the Compensation Committee and $330,630 by the UAN Committee.
Annual Performance-Based Bonus. In March 2019, the Compensation Committee considered the objectives and factors detailed above and, following consultation with Mr. Lamp:
•Approved the 2019 CVR Energy, Inc. Performance-Based Bonus Plan (the “2019 CVI Plan”), which applies to all full-time employees of CVR Energy and its subsidiaries and contains terms generally consistent with the 2018 Performance-Based Bonus Plan (the “2018 CVI Plan”) as described below; and
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•Elected to keep target payouts (as a percentage of base salary) under the 2019 CVI Plan the same as the prior year, or 150% for Mr. Lamp, 135% for Mr. Pytosh, and 120% for the other named executive officers.
As with the 2018 CVI Plans, payout under the 2019 CVI Plan was dependent first on achievement of an Adjusted EBITDA Threshold of $94 million for CVR Partners and $182 million for CVR Refining for 2019, and following achievement thereof, based upon the achievement of CVR Partners and CVR Refining under the performance measures specified below. These measures were substantially the same as the 2018 CVI Plan, except achievement under Reliability, which measures the Company’s lost profit opportunities as a percentage of achievable gross margin, was decreased by one percentage point. This change was intended to “raise the bar” for Company performance and further drive year-over-year improvement, consistent with the Company’s core Value of Continuous Improvement. The performance measures under the 2019 CVI Plan include the following:
EH&S Measures (25% of total payment)
Three measures evenly weighted (33-1/3% each), including Total Recordable Incident Rate (“TRIR”), Process Safety Tier 1 Incident Rate (“PSIR”), and Environmental Events (”EE”), with achievement determined based on the following:

Percentage Change (over the prior year) |  | Bonus Achievement
Increase in Incident Rate or Incidents |  | Zero
0% |  | 50% of Target Percentage (Threshold)
Decrease > 0% and < 3% |  | Linear Interpolation between Threshold and Target
Decrease of 3% |  | Target Percentage
Decrease > 3% and < 10% |  | Linear Interpolation between Target and Maximum
Decrease of 10% or more, or if TRIR is maintained at or below 1.0, PSIR at or below 0.2 and EE at or below 20 |  | 150% of Target (Maximum)

Financial Measures (75% of total payment)
Four measures evenly weighted (25% each), including Reliability, Equipment Utilization, Operating Expense, and ROCE, with achievement determined based on the following:

Reliability |  | Bonus Achievement
Greater than 8.0% |  | Zero
8% |  | 50% of Target Percentage (Threshold)
6.01% to 7.99% |  | Linear Interpolation between Threshold and Target
6% |  | Target Percentage
5.0% to 5.99% |  | Linear Interpolation between Target and Maximum
Less than 5.0% |  | 150% of Target (Maximum)

Equipment Utilization (compared to plan) |  | Bonus Achievement
Less than 95% |  | Zero
95% |  | 50% of Target Percentage (Threshold)
95.01% to 99.99% |  | Linear Interpolation between Threshold and Target
100% |  | Target Percentage
100.01% to 104.99% |  | Linear Interpolation between Target and Maximum
Greater than 105% |  | 150% of Target (Maximum)

Operating Expense (compared to budget) |  | Bonus Achievement
Greater than 103% |  | Zero
103% |  | 50% of Target Percentage (Threshold)
100.1% to 102.99% |  | Linear Interpolation between Threshold and Target
100% |  | Target Percentage
95% to 99.99% |  | Linear Interpolation between Target and Maximum
Less than 95% |  | 150% of Target (Maximum)

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ROCE (Ranking vs. Peer Group) |  | Bonus Achievement
First (highest) |  | 150% of Target (Maximum)
Second |  | 125% of Target Percentage
Third |  | 112.5% of Target Percentage
Fourth |  | Target Percentage (100%)
Fifth |  | 75% of Target Percentage
Sixth |  | 50% of Target Percentage (Minimum)
Seventh |  | Zero

In setting the peer group under the 2019 CVI Plan, the Compensation Committee, in consultation with Messrs. Lamp and Pytosh, evaluated the fertilizer and refining business environments, assessed publicly traded entities in similar business lines and subject to similar regulations as the Company, and thereafter elected to keep peer groups under the 2019 CVI Plan the same as the 2018 CVI Plan, as follows:

Refining Peer Group |  |  | Fertilizer Peer Group |
Delek US Holdings, Inc. | Marathon Petroleum Co. |  | CF Industries Holdings, Inc. | LSB Industries, Inc.
HollyFrontier Corp. | Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. |  | Flotek Industries, Inc. | Nutrien Ltd.
PBF Energy, Inc. | Valero Energy Corp. |  | Green Plains Partners LP | The Andersons, Inc.

2019 UAN Plan. Also in March 2019, the UAN Committee approved the 2019 CVR Partners, LP Performance-Based Bonus Plan (the “2019 UAN Plan”) with identical terms and performance measures (including the same Fertilizer Peer Group) as the portions of the 2019 CVI Plan relating to CVR Partners. Mr. Pytosh could have received between 0% and 150% of target under the 2019 UAN Plan (which target represented his base salary determined by the UAN Committee) based on the performance of CVR Partners under these performance measures.
2019 CVI Plan and 2019 UAN Plan Results. The table below reflects: (1) the EH&S Measures and Financial Measures used to determine (a) payout under the 2019 CVI Plan for our CEO and named executive officers and (b) with respect to Mr. Pytosh’s, payout under the 2019 UAN Plan; (2) actual results with respect to each such measure for 2019 as certified by the Compensation Committee and the UAN Committee in February 2020; and (3) the portion of the 2019 bonus determined based on each such measure, which payout averaged 118% of target under the 2019 CVI Plan and 110% of target for Mr. Pytosh under the 2019 UAN Plan, as further described in the 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC by CVR Partners on February 20, 2020. The named executive officers could have received between 0% and 150% of target based on these measures, plus any additional amounts approved by the Compensation Committee in their discretion based on individual performance for all named executive officers except the CEO.

| Measure | CVR Refining 2019 Actual | CVR Partners 2019 Actual | CVR Energy Bonus Achievement
EH&S | TRIR | Decrease of 20% | Decrease of 2% | 141%
| PSIR | Decrease of 30% | Decrease of 75% | 150%
| EE | Increase of 8% | Decrease of 64% | 20%
|  |  | Overall EH&S | 104%
Financial | Reliability | 3.6% | 4.0% | 150%
| Equipment Utilization | 100% | 98.0% | 97%
| Operating Expenses | 100% | 101.0% | 98%
| ROCE | 35% (First) | 11% (Fourth) | 143%
|  |  | Overall Financial | 122%
|  | Consolidated Performance |  | 118%

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Long-Term Incentive Awards. The Compensation Committee believes long-term incentive compensation is one of the most crucial elements of its compensation program. As part of 2019 compensation, effective December 2018 the Compensation Committee awarded to Messrs. Lamp, Pytosh, and Landreth and Mses. Jackson and Buhrig incentive units of 39,652; 11,314; 13,640, 13,799, and 15,861, respectively, which incentive units vest in one-third increments each December following the date of award, subject to the terms and conditions of the award agreement, with payout in cash based on the average closing price of a common share of CVR Energy for the ten trading days preceding vesting. Incentive units denominated in CVR Energy common shares were selected by the Compensation Committee to ensure an equity vehicle that represented the value and significance of the Company’s combined refining and fertilizer segments’ revenue and operational complexity.
Equity Ownership Requirements. CVR Energy has not established equity ownership requirements for its executive officers, and all long-term incentive or phantom awards, as applicable (including those issued in connection with the CVI LTIP, under the long-term incentive plan of CVR Refining (the “CVRR LTIP”), and under the long-term incentive plan of CVR Partners (the “UAN LTIP”)) are generally settled in cash. The Compensation Committee believes that cash-settled awards provide the CEO and the executive officers with a more attractive compensation package and are less burdensome for the Company to administer than equity-settled awards. Additionally, equity-settled compensation in the form of CVR Energy common stock or common units of CVR Partners would dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders.
Perquisites. The total value of all perquisites and personal benefits provided to each of CVR Energy’s named executive officers in 2019 was less than $10,000.
Benefits. During 2019, all the named executive officers participated in our health benefits, welfare, and retirement (the “401(k) plan”) plans.
Other Forms of Compensation. Mr. Lamp has provisions in his employment agreements with CVR Energy that provides for severance benefits in the event of a termination of his employment under certain circumstances. These severance provisions are described below in “Change-in-Control and Termination Payments.” Since September 2018, Messrs. Pytosh and Landreth and Mses. Jackson and Buhrig continue to be subject to CVR Energy’s Change in Control and Severance Plan (the “CIC and Severance Plan”) which provides for severance benefits in the event of a termination of his or her employment under certain circumstances. These severance provisions are described below in “ Change-in-Control and Termination Payments.”
CVR Partners. As discussed above, a number of our executive officers, including certain of our named executive officers, also serve as executive officers of the general partner of CVR Partners. Other than Mr. Pytosh, these executive officers receive all of their compensation and benefits from us, including compensation related to services performed for CVR Partners. In the future, our executive officers may receive equity-based awards pursuant to the UAN LTIP for services provided to CVR Partners. Pursuant to services agreements entered into between the Company and CVR Partners (or its general partner), CVR Partners (or its general partner) reimburses us for the time our executive officers dedicate to providing services for its business.
Under each of these services agreements, CVR Partners (or its general partner) is required to pay us (a) all costs incurred by us in connection with the employment of our employees who provide services to CVR Partners under the applicable agreement on a full-time basis, but excluding certain share-based compensation; (b) a prorated share of costs incurred by us in connection with the employment of our employees who provide services to CVR Partners under the applicable agreement on a part-time basis, but excluding certain share-based compensation and such prorated share must be determined by us on a commercially reasonable basis, based on the percent of total working time that such shared staff are engaged in performing services for CVR Partners; (c) a prorated share of certain administrative costs; and (d) various other administrative costs in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
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Tax Considerations. Section 162(m) of the Code generally limits deductions by publicly held corporations for compensation paid to its “covered employees” to the extent that the employee’s compensation for the taxable year exceeds $1.0 million. Prior to January 1, 2018, this limit did not apply to “qualified performance-based compensation,” which required, among other factors, satisfaction of a performance goal that was established by a committee of the Board consisting of two or more non-employee directors and stockholder approval of the material terms under which such compensation was paid. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), enacted in December 2017, amended Section 162(m) to eliminate this “performance-based compensation” exception for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, such that compensation paid to a public company’s “covered employees” in excess of $1.0 million will not be deductible unless it qualifies for transition relief applicable to certain arrangements in place as of November 2, 2017. In addition, the Tax Cuts amended the definition of “covered employees”. Effective January 1, 2018, “covered employees” include the chief executive officer, chief financial officer, the next three most highly compensated officers serving during the taxable year, and a covered employee for any preceding taxable year beginning after December 31, 2016.
As a general matter, in making its compensation decisions prior to the Tax Act’s amendment of Section 162(m) of the Code, the Compensation Committee sought to maximize the deductibility of compensation under Section 162(m) to the extent doing so was reasonable and consistent with our strategies and goals. Due to the elimination of the “qualified performance-based compensation exemption” under Section 162(m) by the Tax Act, other than compensation that qualified for the transition relief, the compensation in excess of $1 million per employee paid to our covered employees after 2017 is no longer deductible. Notwithstanding amendment of Section 162(m) of the Code by the Tax Act, we believe that stockholder interests are best served by preserving the Compensation Committee’s discretion and flexibility to take into account factors other than tax deductibility in making compensation decisions. Furthermore, the rules and regulations promulgated under Section 162(m) are complicated and subject to change from time to time, sometimes with retroactive effect. In addition, a number of requirements must be met in order for particular compensation to so qualify and the application and interpretations of such requirements are subject to uncertainty, including the uncertain scope of the transition relief under the Tax Act. As such, there can be no assurance that any compensation awarded or paid by the Company will be fully deductible under any circumstances. Accordingly, the Compensation Committee retains the flexibility to approve compensation that may not be deductible if it believes that doing so is in the best interests of the Company and our stockholders. Further, the Compensation Committee reserves the right to modify compensation that was initially intended to be exempt from Section 162(m) if it determines that such modifications are consistent with our strategies and goals.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act, among other things, permits net operating loss (“NOL”) carryovers and carrybacks to offset 100% of taxable income for taxable years beginning before 2021, and it also permits NOLs incurred in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to be carried back to each of the five preceding taxable years to generate a refund of previously paid income taxes. In addition, the CARES Act contains modifications on the limitation of business interest under Section 163(j) of the Internal Revenue Code for tax years beginning in 2019 and 2020. The modifications to Section 163(j) increase the allowable business interest deduction from 30% of adjusted taxable income to 50% of adjusted taxable income, and allow use of the prior year adjusted taxable income. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these and other relief provisions under the CARES Act. The Company currently expects that the NOL relief provisions would result in a cash flow benefit, and that the Section 163(j) relief provisions would increase the allowable interest expense deduction of the Company and result in less taxable income for the 2019 tax year.
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COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT
The Compensation Committee reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis with management. Based on this review and discussion, the Compensation Committee recommended to the Board that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in the Proxy Statement.

|  |  |  | Compensation Committee |
|  |  |  | Hunter C. Gary, Chairman |
|  |  |  | Jonathan Frates |
|  |  |  | April 24, 2020 |

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COMPENSATION OF NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth the compensation paid to our named executive officers during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017. As of December 31, 2019, all of our named executive officers were employed by CVR Energy except Mr. Pytosh, who was employed by the general partner of CVR Partners as of December 31, 2019 and receives a portion of his compensation from CVR Partners. Mr. Pytosh’s total compensation (including that paid by CVR Partners) is included in his total below.

Name and Principal Position |  | Year |  | Salary (1) |  | Bonus (2) |  | Stock Awards (3) |  | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation (1, 4) |  | All Other Compensation (5) |  | Total
David L. Lamp, President and CEO |  | 2019 |  | $ | 1,000,000 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 1,500,000 |  |  |  | $ | 1,770,000 |  |  |  | $ | 20,364 |  |  |  | $ | 4,290,364 |
|  | 2018 |  | 1,000,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,500,035 |  |  |  | 1,875,000 |  |  |  | 20,064 |  |  |  | 4,395,099 |
|  | 2017 |  | 42,308 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,500,000 |  |  |  | 75,000 |  |  |  | 1,617,308 |
Tracy D. Jackson, Executive Vice President and CFO |  | 2019 |  | $ | 456,756 |  |  |  | $ | 200,800 |  |  |  | $ | 548,000 |  |  |  | $ | 621,300 |  |  |  | $ | 17,865 |  |  |  | $ | 1,844,721 |
|  | 2018 |  | 272,715 |  |  |  | 96,400 |  |  |  | 1,044,019 |  |  |  | 412,400 |  |  |  | 91,901 |  |  |  | 1,917,435 |
Mark A. Pytosh, Executive Vice President, Corporate Services |  | 2019 |  | $ | 551,050 |  |  |  | $ | 457,300 |  |  |  | $ | 1,102,000 |  |  |  | $ | 818,000 |  |  |  | $ | 20,364 |  |  |  | $ | 2,948,714 |
|  | 2018 |  | 535,000 |  |  |  | 310,500 |  |  |  | 1,070,011 |  |  |  | 799,500 |  |  |  | 17,742 |  |  |  | 2,732,753 |
|  | 2017 |  | 525,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,069,996 |  |  |  | 736,349 |  |  |  | 17,442 |  |  |  | 2,348,787 |
Melissa M. Buhrig, Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary |  | 2019 |  | $ | 512,500 |  |  |  | $ | 236,100 |  |  |  | $ | 615,000 |  |  |  | $ | 737,000 |  |  |  | $ | 99,410 |  |  |  | $ | 2,200,010 |
|  | 2018 |  | 230,769 |  |  |  | 125,800 |  |  |  | 1,500,039 |  |  |  | 349,000 |  |  |  | 301,934 |  |  |  | 2,507,542 |
David L. Landreth, Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer |  | 2019 |  | $ | 442,900 |  |  | $ | 513,200 |  |  | $ | 531,000 |  |  | $ | 604,700 |  |  | $ | 20,364 |  |  | $ | 2,112,164 |

(1)Amounts in the “Salary” column for 2017 for Mr. Lamp and 2018 for Mses. Jackson and Buhrig, and “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” column for Mses. Jackson and Buhrig were prorated for the year in which their employment commenced based on their start dates in November 2017, May 2018, and July 2018, respectively.
(2)Amounts in this column include the discretionary bonus amount, if any, paid based on individual performance, significant achievements, and related factors under the 2019 CVI Plan or the 2018 CVI Plan, as applicable, which plans contain individual performance measures for each named executive officer other than Mr. Lamp. Other payments made pursuant to these plans are included in the “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” column.
(3)Amounts in this column reflect the aggregate grant date fair value of (a) for 2019, incentive units granted to each named executive officer in connection with the CVI LTIP in December 2019 as part of 2020 compensation, which amounts were based on the identical percentage of base salary used for the December 2018 grants discussed above; (b) for 2018, incentive units granted to each named executive officer in connection with the CVI LTIP in December 2018 as part of 2019 compensation, except that for Mses. Jackson and Buhrig, this amount also includes incentive units awarded in connection with their hire of $522,003 and $900,017, respectively and (c) for 2017, 2018, and 2019, for Mr. Pytosh, also phantom units granted to Mr Pytosh by the UAN Committee under the UAN LTIP. Assumptions, where applicable, are the same assumptions disclosed in “Share Based Compensation” in Note 9 of our consolidated financial statements included in our 2019 Annual Report.
(4)Amounts in this column reflect: for 2019, amounts earned under the 2019 CVI Plan plus, for Mr. Pytosh, amounts earned under the 2019 UAN Plan, which were paid in March 2020.
(5)Amounts in this column for 2019 include the following: (a) Company contributions under the CVR Energy 401(k) plan of $16,800 for each of Messrs. Lamp, Pytosh, and Landreth and Ms. Jackson, and $8,577 for Ms. Buhrig; (b) a Company contribution under the Company basic life insurance program of $3,564 for Messrs. Lamp, Pytosh, and Landreth, $1,065 for Ms. Jackson, and $540 for Ms. Buhrig; and (c) $90,293 in relocation expenses for Ms. Buhrig.
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Grants of Plan-Based Awards
The following table sets forth information concerning amounts that could have been earned by our named executive officers under the 2019 CVI Plan and the 2019 UAN Plan, as applicable, as well as under or relating to the CVI LTIP and the UAN LTIP, as applicable, during 2019.

|  |  |  |  |  | Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards(1) |  |  |  |  |  | Estimated Future Payouts under Equity Incentive Plan Awards (2) |  |
Name |  | Bonus Plan / Award Type |  | Grant Date |  | Threshold (3) |  | Target |  | Maximum |  | Number of Shares of Stock or Units |  | Grant Date Fair Value
David L. Lamp |  | 2019 CVI Plan |  | n/a |  | $ | 62,400 |  |  | $ | 1,500,000 |  |  | $ | 2,250,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | CVI LTIP |  |  | 12/13/19 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32,737 |  |  | $ | 1,499,977 |
Tracy D. Jackson |  | 2019 CVI Plan |  | n/a |  | $ | 22,801 |  |  |  | $ | 548,107 |  |  |  | $ | 822,161 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | CVI LTIP |  |  | 12/13/19 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,960 |  |  | $ | 547,995 |
Mark A. Pytosh |  | 2019 CVI Plan |  | n/a |  | $ | 12,379 |  |  |  | $ | 297,567 |  |  |  | $ | 446,351 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | 2019 UAN Plan |  | n/a |  | 18,568 |  |  | 446,351 |  |  | 669,526 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | CVI LTIP |  |  | 12/13/19 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,620 |  |  | $ | 440,779 |
|  | UAN LTIP |  |  | 12/13/19 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 191,930 |  |  | 661,199 |
Melissa M. Buhrig |  | 2019 CVI Plan |  | n/a |  | $ | 25,584 |  |  |  | $ | 615,000 |  |  |  | $ | 922,500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | CVI LTIP |  |  | 12/13/19 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,422 |  |  | $ | 614,983 |
David L. Landreth |  | 2019 CVI Plan |  | n/a |  | $ | 22,110 |  |  | $ | 531,480 |  |  | $ | 797,220 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | CVI LTIP |  |  | 12/13/19 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,589 |  |  | $ | 530,996 |

(1)Amounts in these columns reflect amounts that could have been earned by the named executive officers under the 2019 CVI Plan for Messrs. Lamp, Pytosh, and Landreth and Mses. Jackson and Buhrig and under the 2019 UAN Plan (with respect to Mr. Pytosh) related to 2019 performance with respect to each performance measure, excluding the impact of individual discretionary performance adjustments applicable under the 2019 CVI Plan for each of the named executive officers (other than Mr. Lamp who was not eligible for discretionary adjustments) and the 2019 UAN Plan for Mr. Pytosh. The performance measures and related goals for 2019 are set by the Compensation Committee and the UAN Committee, as applicable, as described in the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis.”
(2)Amounts in these columns reflect the number of and grant date fair value of (i) certain incentive units awarded to Messrs. Lamp, Pytosh, and Landreth and Mses. Jackson and Buhrig under the CVI LTIP during 2019; and (ii) phantom units awarded to Mr. Pytosh under the UAN LTIP during 2019.
(3)For the 2019 CVI Plan and the 2019 UAN Plan, “Threshold” represents the minimum payout under the 2019 CVI Plan and the 2019 UAN Plan, as applicable, assuming CVR Energy and CVR Partners, as applicable, have satisfied the Adjusted EBITDA Threshold and have achieved performance under one of the EH&S measures equal to the prior year performance, resulting in payout of 50% of the 8.33% measure value, or 4.16% of total target payout. For more information and full description of the 2019 CVI Plan and the 2019 UAN Plan, please see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis.”
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Employment Agreements
None of our named executive officers have an employment agreement with CVR Energy or its subsidiaries other than Mr. Lamp. On November 1, 2017, CVR Energy entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Lamp, as CEO and President of CVR Energy, effective January 1, 2018. The agreement has a four-year term continuing through December 31, 2021, unless otherwise terminated by CVR Energy or Mr. Lamp. Mr. Lamp receives an annual base salary of $1,000,000 and is also eligible to receive a performance-based annual cash bonus with a target payment equal to 150% of his annual base salary, to be based upon individual and/or company performance criteria as established by the Compensation Committee. In addition, Mr. Lamp is entitled to participate in such health, insurance, retirement, and other employee benefit plans and programs of CVR Energy as in effect from time to time on the same basis as other executives of CVR Energy.
During the term of the agreement, Mr. Lamp is eligible to receive annually on the anniversary of the agreement date a grant of performance units pursuant to the CVI LTIP having an aggregate value of $1.5 million, or such other form of award as may be agreed upon by Mr. Lamp and the Compensation Committee. Mr. Lamp is also eligible to receive an incentive payment of $10 million (the “Incentive Payment”) payable if either the conditions set forth in the employment agreement or the conditions set forth in a separate Performance Unit Award Agreement (“PU Award Agreement”) are fulfilled. The Incentive Payment becomes payable: (a) under the employment agreement, if on or prior to December 31, 2021, either (i) a transaction is consummated which constitutes a change-in-control (as defined in the employment agreement), or (ii) the Board approves a transaction which, if consummated, would constitute a change-in-control and such transaction is consummated on or prior to December 31, 2022; or (b) under the PU Award Agreement, the average closing price of CVR Energy’s common stock over the 30-trading day period beginning on January 4, 2022 and ending on February 15, 2022 is equal to or greater than $60.00 per share (subject to any equitable adjustments required to account for splits, dividends, combinations, acquisitions, dispositions, recapitalizations, and the like). Payment of the Incentive Payment is conditioned upon Mr. Lamp remaining employed with CVR Energy through December 31, 2021 (unless terminated by CVR Energy without cause or by Mr. Lamp for good reason (as defined in the employment agreement) on or after the satisfaction of the foregoing conditions and on or prior to December 31, 2021). Subject to the foregoing conditions, the Incentive Payment will, if it becomes payable, be paid within 30 days. For the avoidance of doubt, Mr. Lamp will not under any circumstance be entitled to receive more than one Incentive Payment and if he becomes entitled to the Incentive Payment under the terms of the employment agreement, Mr. Lamp will immediately forfeit any right to payments under the PU Award Agreement.
The employment agreement requires Mr. Lamp to abide by a perpetual restrictive covenant relating to non-disclosure and non-disparagement and also includes covenants relating to non-solicitation and non-competition that govern during his employment and thereafter for the period severance is paid and, if no severance is paid, for six months following termination of employment. In addition, Mr. Lamp’s employment agreement provides for certain severance payments that may be due following termination of his employment under certain circumstances, which are described below under “Change-in-Control and Termination Payments.” The description of these agreements are qualified in their entirety by the text of such agreements, each of which have been publicly filed with the SEC.
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Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End 2019
The following table sets forth information concerning outstanding incentive unit awards made by CVR Energy as well as outstanding phantom awards granted pursuant to the UAN LTIP and the CVRR LTIP, as applicable, that were held by certain of the named executive officers as of December 31, 2019. All of the outstanding shares or units reflected below are subject to accelerated vesting under certain circumstances as described in more detail in the section titled “Change-in-Control and Termination Payments” below.

|  |  |  |  |  | Equity Awards That Have Not Vested |  |
Name |  | Award Type |  | Grant Date (1) |  | Number of Shares or Units |  | Market Value of Shares or Units (2)
David L. Lamp |  | Incentive Units |  | 12/14/18 |  | 26,434 |  | $ | 1,149,350 |
|  | Incentive Units |  | 12/13/19 |  | 32,737 |  | 1,323,557 |
Tracy D. Jackson |  | Incentive Units |  | 05/04/18 |  | 10,229 |  | $ | 123,362 |
|  | Incentive Units |  | 12/14/18 |  | 9,199 |  | 399,973 |
|  | Incentive Units |  | 12/13/19 |  | 11,960 |  | 483,543 |
Mark A. Pytosh |  | Phantom Units |  | 12/29/17 |  | 61,671 |  | $ | 215,849 |
|  | Incentive Units |  | 12/29/17 |  | 10,999 |  | 143,207 |
|  | Phantom Units |  | 12/14/18 |  | 113,228 |  | 396,298 |
|  | Incentive Units |  | 12/14/18 |  | 7,542 |  | 327,926 |
|  | Phantom Units |  | 12/13/19 |  | 191,930 |  | 594,983 |
|  | Incentive Units |  | 12/13/19 |  | 9,620 |  | 388,937 |
Melissa M. Buhrig |  | Incentive Units |  | 07/02/18 |  | 13,357 |  | $ | 161,085 |
|  | Incentive Units |  | 12/14/18 |  | 10,574 |  | 459,758 |
|  | Incentive Units |  | 12/13/19 |  | 13,422 |  | 542,651 |
David L. Landreth |  | Phantom Units |  | 12/29/17 |  | 12,747 |  | $ | 165,966 |
|  | Incentive Units |  | 12/14/18 |  | 9,093 |  | 395,364 |
|  | Incentive Units |  | 12/13/19 |  | 11,589 |  | 468,543 |

(1)The incentive or phantom units generally vest in one-third annual increments in December of each of the three years following the Grant Date, subject to the terms of the applicable award agreement.
(2)This column represents the number of unvested units outstanding on December 31, 2019, multiplied by: (a) for incentive units issued on December 13, 2019, $40.43 (equal to the December 31, 2019, closing price (the “Closing Price”) of CVR Energy common stock); (b) for incentive units issued on December 14, 2018, $43.48 (equal to the Closing Price of CVR Energy common stock plus $3.05 in accrued dividends); (c) for incentive units issued on May 4 and July 2, 2018, $12.06 and $12.06, respectively (equal to the fair market value of CVR Refining common units plus $1.56 in accrued distributions for the May 4 and July 2, 2018 awards); (d) for the incentive and CVR Refining phantom units issued on December 29, 2017, $13.02 (equal to the fair market value of CVR Refining common units plus $2.52 in accrued distributions); and (e) for CVR Partners phantom units issued on December 29, 2017, December 14, 2018, and December 13, 2019, $3.50, $3.50 and $3.10, respectively (equal to the Closing Price of the Partnership common units, plus $0.40 in accrued distributions for the 2017 and 2018 awards).
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Equity Awards Vested During Fiscal Year 2019
This table reflects the portion of incentive unit awards made by CVR Energy, as well as phantom units granted pursuant to the UAN LTIP and the CVRR LTIP, as applicable, that vested during 2019.

|  | Equity Awards |  |  |  |
Name |  | Number of Shares or Units Acquired on Vesting |  | Value Realized on Vesting |  |
David L. Lamp |  | 13,218 |  |  | $ | 597,189 |  | (1) |
Tracy D. Jackson |  | 10,229 |  |  | $ | 123,362 |  | (2) |
|  | 4,600 |  |  | 207,828 |  | (1) |
Mark A. Pytosh |  | 38,674 |  |  | $ | 127,237 |  | (3) |
|  | 14,878 |  |  | 207,697 |  | (4) |
|  | 61,671 |  |  | 201,664 |  | (5) |
|  | 11,000 |  |  | 143,220 |  | (6) |
|  | 56,614 |  |  | 185,128 |  | (7) |
|  | 3,772 |  |  | 170,419 |  | (1) |
Melissa M. Buhrig |  | 13,357 |  |  | $ | 161,085 |  | (2) |
|  | 5,287 |  |  | 238,867 |  | (1) |
David L. Landreth |  | 16,295 |  |  | $ | 227,478 |  | (4) |
|  | 12,747 |  |  | 165,966 |  | (6) |
|  | 4,547 |  |  | 205,433 |  | (1) |

(1)For incentive units for Messrs. Lamp, Pytosh, and Landreth and Mses. Jackson and Buhrig that vested during fiscal year 2019, the amount reflected includes a per unit value equal to (i) the average closing price of CVR Energy’s common stock in accordance with the agreement, and (ii) accrued distributions of $3.05 per unit.
(2)For incentive units for Mses. Jackson and Buhrig that vested during fiscal year 2019, the amount reflected includes a per unit value equal to (i) the fair market value of CVR Refining’s common units in accordance with the agreement, and (ii) accrued distributions of $1.56 per unit.
(3)For UAN LTIP phantom units that vested during fiscal year 2019, the amount reflected includes a per unit value equal to (i) the average closing price of CVR Partners’ common units in accordance with the agreement, and (ii) accrued distributions of $0.42 per unit.
(4)For incentive units for Mr. Pytosh and CVRR LTIP phantom units for Mr. Landreth that vested during fiscal year 2019, the amount reflected includes a per unit value equal to (i) the fair market value of CVR Refining’s common units in accordance with the agreement, and (ii) accrued distributions of $3.46.
(5)For UAN LTIP phantom units that vested during fiscal year 2019, the amount reflected includes a per unit value equal to (i) the average closing price of CVR Partners’ common units in accordance with the agreement, and (ii) accrued distributions of $0.40 per unit.
(6)For incentive units for Mr. Pytosh and CVRR LTIP phantom units for Mr. Landreth that vested during fiscal year 2019, the amount reflected includes a per unit value equal to (i) the fair market value of CVR Refining’s common units in accordance with the agreement, and (ii) accrued distributions of $2.52 per unit.
(7)For UAN LTIP phantom units for Mr. Ptyosh that vested during fiscal year 2019, the amount reflected includes a per unit value equal to (i) the average closing price of CVR Partners’ common units in accordance with the agreement, and (ii) accrued distributions of $0.40 per unit.
Change-in-Control and Termination Payments
Certain of our named executive officers are entitled to severance and other benefits from CVR Energy following the termination of their employment under certain circumstances.
David L. Lamp. Under his employment agreement, if Mr. Lamp’s employment is terminated due to death or disability, or by CVR Energy without cause and not in connection with a change in control, he (or his estate, in the event of termination due to death) is entitled to: (a) any accrued but unpaid amounts, plus (b) salary continuation for the lesser of six months and the remainder of the term of the employment agreement (such period, the “Lamp Post-Employment Period”), plus (c) a pro-rata bonus for the year in which termination occurs based on actual results. For terminations due to disability, Mr. Lamp is also entitled to disability benefits. If Mr. Lamp’s employment is terminated either by CVR Energy without cause or by Mr. Lamp for good reason (as these terms are defined in his employment agreement) one year following a change in control (as defined in his employment agreement) or in specified circumstances prior to and in connection with a change in control, Mr. Lamp will receive the Incentive
35

Payment within 30 days following the consummation of the change in control. Mr. Lamp does not receive any payments or benefits in the event of retirement. As a condition to receiving these severance payments and benefits, Mr. Lamp must execute, deliver and not revoke a general release of claims and abide by restrictive covenants relating to non-solicitation and non-competition during Mr. Lamp’s employment term, and thereafter during the period he receives severance payments or supplemental disability payments, as applicable, or for six months following the end of the term (if no severance or disability payments are payable), as well as a perpetual restrictive covenant relating to non-disclosure and non-disparagement and covenants. If any payments or distributions due to Mr. Lamp under his employment agreement would be subject to the excise tax imposed under Section 4999 of the Code, then such payments or distributions will be “cut back” only if that reduction would be more beneficial to him on an after-tax basis than if there was no reduction.
Other Named Executive Officers. Mses. Jackson and Buhrig and Messrs. Pytosh and Landreth do not have employment agreements. However, under the CIC and Severance Plan, Mses. Jackson and Buhrig and Messrs. Pytosh and Landreth are generally eligible for certain payments in the event of their involuntary termination (other than for cause, as defined in the CIC and Severance Plan) or their resignation for good reason (as defined in the CIC and Severance Plan), in each case, within the 120 days preceding or the 24 months following a change in control (as defined in the CIC and Severance Plan) including any amounts accrued prior to termination, plus a lump sum payment equal to twelve months of base salary plus the average annual bonus paid during the preceding three years (or target in the event of no bonus history). They are also entitled to acceleration of unvested equity awards. These payouts are subject to various conditions including the execution of a release agreement, a perpetual restrictive covenant relating to non-disclosure and non-disparagement and covenants relating to non-solicitation and non-competition for a period of 12 months.
The amounts of potential post-employment payments and benefits in the table below assume that the triggering event took place on December 31, 2019. Pursuant to the Services Agreement that is entered into with CVR Partners or its general partner, CVR Partners or its general partner is responsible for the payment of its proportionate share of the CIC and Severance Plan and other benefits costs following the termination of employment of the executive officers that are employed by CVR Partners or its general partner.
Value of Post-Employment Payments and Benefits

| Cash Severance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Benefit Continuation (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Death |  | Disability |  | Retirement |  | Termination without Cause or with Good Reason (4) |  |  |  | Death |  | Disability |  | Retirement |  | Termination without Cause or with Good Reason |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | (1) |  | (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1) |  | (2)
David L. Lamp | $ | 2,000,000 |  |  | $ | 2,000,000 |  |  | $ | 1,608,375 |  |  | $ | 2,108,375 |  |  | $ | 10,000,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Tracy D. Jackson | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 991,761 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mark A. Pytosh | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,429,517 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Melissa M. Buhrig | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,080,767 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
David L. Landreth | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 958,073 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

(1)S everance payments and benefits in the event of termination without cause or resignation for good reason not in connection with a change-in-control.
(2)Severance payments and benefits in the event of termination without cause or resignation for good reason in connection with a change-in-control.
(3)For Mr. Lamp, payments upon (a) death, disability, or termination without cause or with good reason not in connection with a change-in-control include: (i) base salary payable for six months under his employment agreement, plus (ii) a pro-rata bonus under his employment agreement, and (b) termination without cause or with good reason in connection with a change-in-control includes payout of the incentive payment set forth under his employment agreement.
(4)Payments in the termination without cause or with good reason column include, under the CIC and Severance Plan, a lump sum of twelve months’ base pay plus the average of the preceding three years’ annual bonus (or target in the event of no bonus history).
Certain of our named executive officers have received incentive unit awards under the CVR LTIP, as well as phantom unit awards under the CVRR LTIP and the UAN LTIP, each of which generally represents the right to receive, upon vesting, a cash payment equal to (i) the number of units times the average closing price of a common share of CVR Energy, a common unit of CVR Partners, or the fair market value of a common unit of CVR Refining, as applicable, for the ten trading days preceding vesting, plus (ii) the per unit cash value of all dividends declared and paid by CVR Energy or distributions declared and paid by CVR Partners or CVR Refining, as applicable, from the grant date to and including the vesting date. These awards generally provide for acceleration upon certain termination events, as follows:
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•For incentive units of CVR Energy granted to named executive officers, if the incentive units are cancelled or if such named executive officer (a) is terminated other than for cause or (b) is terminated due to death or disability, then the portion of the award scheduled to vest in the year in which such event occurs becomes immediately vested and the remaining portion is forfeited. If such named executive officer is terminated other than for cause or resigns for good reason in connection with a change-in-control all unvested awards accelerate.
•For phantom units of CVR Partners issued to Mr. Pytosh, if Mr. Pytosh (a) is terminated other than for cause or (b) is terminated due to death or disability, then the portion of the award scheduled to vest in the year in which such event occurs becomes immediately vested and the remaining portion is forfeited. If Mr. Pytosh is terminated other than for cause or resigns for good reason in connection with a change-in-control all unvested awards accelerate.
•For phantom units of CVR Refining issued to Mr. Landreth, if Mr. Landreth (a) is terminated other than for cause or (b) is terminated due to death or disability, then the portion of the award scheduled to vest in the year in which such event occurs becomes immediately vested and the remaining portion is forfeited. If Mr. Landreth is terminated other than for cause or resigns for good reason in connection with a change-in-control all unvested awards accelerate.
The following table reflects the value of accelerated vesting of the unvested incentive units and phantom units, as applicable, held by the named executive officers assuming the triggering event took place on December 31, 2019. For the purposes of the incentive units and CVR Refining phantom units awarded prior to December 2018, the value is based on the 20-day fair market value of CVR Refining common units for the 20 trading days preceding December 31, 2019, or $10.50 per unit. For the purposes of phantom units awarded, the value is based on the 20-day average closing price for CVR Partners common units for the 20 trading days preceding December 31, 2019, or $2.91 per unit. For the purposes of the incentive units awarded in December 2019, the value is based on the 20-day average closing price for the CVR Energy common stock for the 20-trading days preceding December 31, 2019, or $41.67 per share.
Value of Accelerated Vesting of Restricted Stock Unit and Incentive Unit Awards

| Death |  | Disability |  | Retirement |  | Termination without Cause or with Good Reason |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | (1) |  | (2)
David L. Lamp | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 10,000,000 |
Tracy D. Jackson | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 989,100 |
Mark A. Pytosh | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,898,094 |
Melissa M. Buhrig | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,140,150 |
David L. Landreth | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 995,652 |

(1)Termination without cause or resignation for good reason not in connection with a change-in-control.
(2)Termination without cause or resignation for good reason in connection with a change-in-control.
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Pay Ratio
For 2019, we conducted a comparison of the median employee’s total annual compensation to the total annual compensation of our Principal Executive Officer (“PEO”) Mr. Lamp.
We estimate that the median of the annual total compensation of all our employees and our consolidated subsidiaries (except our PEO) was $118,019 for 2019. The annual total compensation of Mr. Lamp, our PEO for 2019, as reported in the Summary Compensation Table included above, was $4,290,364 for 2019. This total and the pay ratio described below are reasonable estimates calculated in a manner consistent with Item 402(u) of Regulation S-K.
Based on this information, we estimate that the ratio of the annual total compensation of our PEO to the median of the annual total compensation of all employees for 2019 was: 36 to 1.
To identify the median of the annual total compensation of all our employees, as well as to determine the annual total compensation of our median employee and our PEO, we used the following methodology and made the following material assumptions, adjustments, and estimates:
(1)We determined that, as of December 31, 2019, the employee population of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries consisted of 1,486 individuals.
(2)To identify the “median employee” from the employee population, we compared the amount of annual total compensation of such employees for 2019 determined in accordance with the requirements of Item 402(c)(2)(x) of Regulation S-K, which consisted of salary, bonus, non-equity incentive plan compensation, and other compensation. We “annualized” the compensation of our full-time and part-time employees as of December 31, 2019 to adjust for the portion of the year that the employee did not work, if applicable. We did not make any cost-of-living adjustments in identifying the “median employee”.
(3)Once we identified our median employee, we included the elements of such employee’s compensation for 2019 determined in accordance with the requirements of Item 402(c)(2)(x) of Regulation S-K, resulting in annual total compensation of $118,019. With respect to the annual total compensation of our PEO, we used the amounts reported in the “Total” column of our 2019 Summary Compensation Table included herein, which was calculated in accordance with the same requirements of Item 402(c)(2)(x) of Regulation S-K.
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PROPOSAL 2
Advisory Vote on Named Executive Officer Compensation
(“Say-on-Pay”)
Pursuant to Section 14A of the Exchange Act, we are asking stockholders to approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed under “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” the Summary Compensation Table, and the related compensation tables, notes, and narratives in this Proxy Statement.
Although this vote is non-binding, the Compensation Committee values your opinion and expects to consider the voting results when making future decisions on named executive officer compensation. We currently intend to conduct advisory votes on named executive compensation annually, until the next required non-binding advisory vote on the frequency of future advisory votes on named executive compensation.
As described in the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” section of this Proxy Statement, our Compensation Committee has established executive compensation programs that are based on our pay-for-performance philosophy designed primarily with the following goals in mind:
•Aligning named executive officer and stockholder interests,
•Attracting and retaining quality leadership; and
•Supporting a pay-for-performance philosophy.
Please read the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” along with the Summary Compensation Table and the related compensation tables, notes, and narratives, beginning on page 23 of this Proxy Statement, which describes in greater detail our compensation philosophy and programs, as well as detailed information on the compensation of our named executive officers. The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting is required for this proposal to be approved. The Board of Directors recommends you approve the following resolution:
“RESOLVED, that the compensation paid to our named executive officers, as disclosed pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K, including in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, compensation tables, and narrative discussion, is hereby APPROVED.”
THE BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE FOR THE APPROVAL, ON AN ADVISORY BASIS, OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMPENSATION
39

AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT
For 2019, the Audit Committee consisted of Messrs. Stephen A. Mongillo, Bob G. Alexander, and James M. Strock, each of whom was affirmatively determined by our Board to be “independent” and “financially literate” under the rules and regulations of the NYSE and the SEC, as applicable. Mr. Alexander passed away on April 5, 2020, and on April 15, 2020, the Board appointed Jaffrey A. Firestone to the Board and its Audit Committee. Mr. Firestone has been affirmatively determined by our Board to be “independent” and “financially literate” under the rules and regulations of the NYSE and the SEC, as applicable. The Audit Committee is led by its Chairman, Mr. Mongillo, who has been affirmatively determined by our Board to be an “audit committee financial expert” under the requirements of the NYSE. Among other matters, the Audit Committee oversees:
•Management’s preparation, presentation, and integrity of our financial statements, accounting and financial reporting principles, and the establishment and effectiveness of internal controls and procedures designed to assure compliance with accounting standards and applicable laws and regulations; and
•The independent audit of the Company’s consolidated financial statements by its independent registered public accounting firm, Grant Thornton LLP (“Grant Thornton”), which is responsible for performing the audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”); opining whether the financial statements fairly present, in all material respects, the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of the Company in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”); and auditing the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.
However, the Audit Committee is not providing any expert or special assurance as to the Company’s financial statements or any professional certification as to the independent auditors’ work, and relies without independent verification on the information provided to it and on the representations by management and Grant Thornton.
The Audit Committee conducted four meetings during 2019, and also held informal meetings with management, the internal auditors, and Grant Thornton during 2019. Among other matters, the Audit Committee:
•Discussed with the Company’s internal auditors and Grant Thornton the overall scope and plans for their respective audits and the results of their examinations and evaluations of the Company’s internal controls;
•Reviewed and discussed the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report and matters related to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act with management and Grant Thornton and received the opinion of both that the Company prepared its consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP;
•Discussed with Grant Thornton its independence and matters required to be discussed with the audit committees under GAAP including, among other things, matters related to the conduct of the audit of the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the matters required to be discussed by Auditing Standard No. 16 (codified as Auditing Standard No. 1301) “Communication with Audit Committees”, as amended, supplemented or superseded, as adopted by the PCAOB;
•Received the written disclosures and letter from Grant Thornton required by applicable requirements of PCAOB Rule 3526 regarding the independent auditor’s communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence and the advice of Grant Thornton that neither it nor any of its members has any financial interest, direct or indirect, in any capacity in the Company or its subsidiaries; and
•Reviewed the audit and non-audit services performed by and the amount of fees paid for such services to Grant Thornton and considered whether Grant Thornton’s provision of services to the Company beyond those rendered in connection with its audit and reviews of the Company’s consolidated financial statements was compatible with maintaining its independence.
Based on the foregoing review, discussions, and other matters the Audit Committee deemed relevant and appropriate, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board that the audited financial statements of the Company be included in its 2019 Annual Report for filing with the SEC. The Audit Committee also approved the engagement of Grant Thornton as the Company’s independent auditors for 2019. This report is respectfully submitted by the Audit Committee.

|  |  | Audit Committee |
|  |  | Stephen Mongillo, Chairman |
|  |  | Jaffrey A. Firestone |
|  |  | James M. Strock |
|  |  | April 24, 2020 |

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FEES PAID TO THE INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Grant Thornton has served as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm since August 2013. The following table presents fees billed by Grant Thornton to the Company and its subsidiaries for professional services and other services in the following categories and amounts for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

| 2019 |  | 2018
Audit Fees (1) | $ | 1,989,237 |  |  | $ | 1,997,518 |
Audit-Related Fees (2) | 49,789 |  |  | 34,789 |
Tax Fees | — |  |  | — |
Total Fees Billed | $ | 2,039,026 |  |  | $ | 2,032,307 |

(1)Audit Fees consist of fees for the audit of the Company’s consolidated annual financial statements filed with the SEC, quarterly reviews of the financial statements included in the Company’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, attestation of management’s assessment of internal control as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and consents and consultations on financial accounting and reporting standards arising during the course of audits, reviews, and filings. In addition, these amounts include fees for the annual audit and quarterly reviews of the Company’s affiliates, CVR Refining and CVR Partners, as applicable.
(2)Audit-Related Fees consist of fees for agreed upon procedures performed for statutory reporting and benefit plan audits.
The Audit Committee has considered whether the non-audit services provided by Grant Thornton were compatible with maintaining Grant Thornton’s independence and has determined that the nature and substance of the limited non-audit services did not impair the status of Grant Thornton as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm during the firm’s appointment as the Company’s independent auditor.
Audit Committee’s Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
All of the services performed by the independent auditor in 2019 were pre-approved in accordance with the pre-approval policy and procedures adopted by the Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee charter, among other things, requires the Audit Committee to approve in advance all audit and permitted non-audit services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm and also requires the Audit Committee to establish periodically and to approve in advance the fee levels for all services performed by the independent auditor. The Audit Committee has also authorized any Audit Committee member to pre-approve audit, audit-related, tax, and other non-audit services up to $100,000, provided that the committee member shall timely report to the full committee each specific service pre-approved by them with copies of all supporting documentation.
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PROPOSAL 3
Ratification of the Appointment of Auditors
The Audit Committee has approved and recommended the appointment of Grant Thornton LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm to examine the Company’s financial statements for 2020. The persons named in the accompanying proxy will vote in accordance with the choice specified thereon, or, if no choice is properly indicated, in favor of the ratification of Grant Thornton LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Company. A representative of Grant Thornton LLP is expected to be in attendance at the Annual Meeting.
See “Audit Committee Report” above for further information.
THE BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE FOR THE RATIFICATION OF GRANT THORNTON LLP AS OUR INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM FOR 2020.
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EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS
The table below contains information about securities authorized for issuance under the CVI LTIP or as otherwise approved by the Compensation Committee as of December 31, 2019. The CVI LTIP was initially approved by our stockholders in October 2007 and re-approved by our stockholders in June 2014 and June 2017.

Equity Compensation Plan Information |  |  |  |  |  |
Plan Category | Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (a) (1) |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (b) |  | Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in (a)) (c) |
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders: |  |  |  |  |  |
CVR Energy, Inc. Long Term Incentive Plan | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 6,787,341 |  | (2)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders: |  |  |  |  |  |
None | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Total | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 6,787,341 |  |

(1)The only awards outstanding under the CVI LTIP are unvested incentive units, which are settled in cash.
(2)Represents shares of common stock that remain available for future issuance pursuant to the CVI LTIP in connection with awards of stock options, non-vested restricted shares, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalent rights, share awards, and performance awards.
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SECURITIES OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN
BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
The following table presents information regarding beneficial ownership of our common stock as of the Record Date by:
•each of our current directors and nominees for director;
•each of our named executive officers;
•each stockholder known by us to beneficially hold five percent or more of our common stock; and
•all of our named executive officers and directors as a group.
Beneficial ownership is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Unless indicated below, to our knowledge, the persons and entities named in the table have sole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares beneficially owned by them, subject to community property laws where applicable. Except as otherwise indicated, the business address for each of the beneficial owners listed in the table is c/o CVR Energy, Inc., 2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500, Sugar Land, Texas 77479.

Beneficial Owner Name | Shares Beneficially Owned |  |
| Number |  | Percent (1)
Carl C. Icahn (2) | 71,198,718 |  |  | 70.8 | %
Patricia A. Agnello | — |  |  | — |
SungHwan Cho | — |  |  | — |
Jaffrey A. Firestone (3) | — |  |  | — |
Jonathan Frates | — |  |  | — |
Hunter C. Gary | — |  |  | — |
David L. Lamp | — |  |  | — |
Stephen Mongillo | — |  |  | — |
James M. Strock | — |  |  | — |
Melissa M. Buhrig | — |  |  | — |
Tracy D. Jackson | — |  |  | — |
Mark A. Pytosh | — |  |  | — |
David L. Landreth | 6,968 |  |  | * |
All directors and named executive officers, as a group (12 persons) (4) | 6,968 |  |  | * |

*Less than 1%
(1)Percentage based upon 100,530,599 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2020.
(2)The following disclosures are based on a Schedule 13D/A filed with the SEC on August 1, 2018 by IEP Energy LLC (“IEP Energy”), IEP Energy Holding LLC, AEP, Icahn Building LLC, Icahn Enterprises Holdings L.P. (“Icahn Enterprises Holdings”), Icahn Enterprises G.P. Inc. (“Icahn Enterprises GP”), Beckton Corp. (“Beckton”) and Carl C. Icahn (collectively, the “Icahn Reporting Persons”): (a) The principal business address of each of (i) IEP Energy, IEP Energy Holding LLC, AEP, Icahn Building LLC, Icahn Enterprises Holdings, Icahn Enterprises GP and Beckton is White Plains Plaza, 445 Hamilton Avenue - Suite 1210, White Plains, NY 10601 and (ii) Mr. Icahn is c/o Icahn Associates Holding LLC, 767 Fifth Avenue, 47th Floor, New York, NY 10153. According to the filing, IEP Energy has sole voting power and sole dispositive power with regard to 71,198,718 shares. Each of IEP Energy Holding LLC, AEP, Icahn Building LLC, Icahn Enterprises Holdings, Icahn Enterprises GP, Beckton and Carl C. Icahn has shared voting power and shared dispositive power with regard to such shares. (b) According to the filing, each of IEP Energy Holding LLC, AEP, Icahn Building LLC, Icahn Enterprises Holdings, Icahn Enterprises GP, Beckton and Carl C. Icahn, by virtue of their relationships to IEP, may be deemed to indirectly beneficially own (as that term is defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) the shares which IEP Energy directly beneficially owns. Each of IEP Energy Holding LLC, AEP, Icahn Building LLC, Icahn Enterprises Holdings, Icahn Enterprises GP, Beckton and Carl C. Icahn disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares for all other purposes.
(3)Mr. Firestone was appointed as a director on April 15, 2020.
(4)The number of shares of common stock owned by all directors and named executive officers, as a group, reflects the sum of the 6,968 shares of CVR Energy common stock held by Mr. Landreth.
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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
This section describes related party transactions between the Company and its directors, executive officers, and 5% stockholders (and entities controlled by such persons, including CVR Partners) that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2019 and as otherwise described herein.
Transactions with IEP and its Affiliates
As of December 31, 2019, IEP and its affiliates owned approximately 70.8% of all common shares outstanding.
Tax Allocation Agreement
Prior to August 2018, CVR Energy was a member of the consolidated federal tax group of American Entertainment Properties Corp (“AEP”), an affiliate of IEP, and party to a tax allocation agreement with AEP (the “Tax Allocation Agreement”). The Tax Allocation Agreement provides that AEP will pay all consolidated federal income taxes on behalf of the consolidated tax group. As a result, CVR Energy was required to make payments to AEP in an amount equal to the tax liability, if any, that it would have paid if it were to file as a consolidated group separate and apart from AEP.
Following August 2018, IEP and affiliates’ ownership of CVR Energy was reduced below 80% and, since that time, CVR Energy is no longer eligible to file as a member of the AEP consolidated federal income tax group. Beginning with the tax period after the exchange in August 2018, CVR Energy became the parent of a new consolidated group for U.S. federal income tax purposes and will file and pay its federal income tax obligations directly to the IRS. Pursuant to the terms of the Tax Allocation Agreement, however, CVR Energy may be required to make payments in respect of taxes owed by AEP for periods prior to the exchange. Similar principles may apply for state or local income tax purposes where CVR Energy filed combined, consolidated, or unitary tax returns with AEP. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets reflected a nominal payable and $4 million receivable, respectively, for federal income taxes due to or from AEP. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets also reflected a payable of $20 million to and receivable of $12 million from, respectively, the IRS and certain state jurisdictions.
Insight Portfolio Group
ISG is an entity formed and controlled by Mr. Icahn in order to maximize the potential buying power of a group of entities with which Mr. Icahn has a relationship in negotiating with a wide range of suppliers of goods, services, and tangible and intangible property at negotiated rates. In January 2013, CVR Energy acquired a minority equity interest in ISG and agreed to pay a portion of ISG’s operating expenses. The Company paid ISG approximately $0.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company may purchase a variety of goods and services as a member of the buying group at prices and terms that management believes would be more favorable than those which would be achieved on a stand-alone basis. On January 23, 2020, CVR Energy assigned its minority equity interests to a third-party, terminated its agreement, and is no longer expected to transact with the ISG.
Transactions with Other Affiliates
Enable Pipeline Joint Venture
On September 19, 2016, Coffeyville Resources Pipeline, LLC (“CRPLLC”), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of CVR Refining, entered into an agreement with Enable Oklahoma Crude Services, LLC (“Enable”), formerly Velocity Central Oklahoma Pipeline LLC, related to their joint ownership of Enable South Central Pipeline, LLC (“Enable Pipeline”), formerly Velocity Pipeline Partners, LLC, a pipeline company that operates a 12-inch crude oil pipeline with a capacity of approximately 115,000 barrels per day and an estimated length of 26 miles with a connection to the Company’s Wynnewood, Oklahoma refinery and a trucking terminal at Lowrance, Oklahoma. CRPLLC holds a 40% interest in Enable Pipeline. Enable holds a 60% interest in Enable Pipeline and serves as the day-to-day operator.
Coffeyville Resources Refining & Marketing, LLC (“CRRM”) is party to a transportation agreement with Enable for an initial term of 20 years under which Enable provides CRRM with crude oil transportation services for crude oil purchased within a defined geographic area, and CRRM entered into a terminalling services agreement with Enable under which it receives access to Enable’s terminal in Lowrance, Oklahoma to unload and pump crude
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oil into Enable Pipeline’s pipeline for an initial term of 20 years. For the year ended December 31, 2019, CRRM incurred costs of $12 million under the transportation agreement with Enable. As of December 31, 2019, the Consolidated Balance Sheets included a liability of $1 million to Enable.
Midway Joint Venture
On October 31, 2017, CRPLLC and Plains All American Pipeline, L.P. (“Plains”) formed a 50/50 joint venture, Midway Pipeline LLC (“Midway”), which acquired the approximately 100 mile, 16-inch Cushing to Broome pipeline system from Plains with a capacity of approximately 120,000 barrels per day. The Cushing to Broome pipeline system connects the Company’s Coffeyville, Kansas refinery (“Coffeyville Refinery”) to the Cushing, Oklahoma oil hub. Midway has a contract with Plains pursuant to which Plains will continue its role as operator of the pipeline. For the year ended December 31, 2019, CRRM incurred costs of $21 million from crude oil transportation services incurred on the Midway pipeline through Vitol, Inc. as the intermediary purchasing agent.
Transactions with CVR Partners and CVR Refining
Background
In October 2007, prior to CVR Energy’s initial public offering, we created CVR Partners and transferred our nitrogen fertilizer business to CVR Partners. In connection with the creation of CVR Partners in October 2007, the general and limited partners entered into a limited partnership agreement, which set forth the various rights and responsibilities of the partners in CVR Partners. In addition, we entered into a number of intercompany agreements with CVR Partners.
In April 2011, CVR Partners consummated its initial public offering. To effectuate CVR Partners’ initial public offering, we entered into a new limited partnership agreement, entered into a series of new agreements, and amended and restated certain of our existing intercompany agreements with CVR Partners and Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, LLC (“CRNF”) as set forth below. In connection with CVR Refining’s initial public offering in January 2013, certain of CVR Energy’s subsidiaries party to these agreements became subsidiaries of CVR Refining. In addition, we entered into several new agreements with CVR Refining and its subsidiaries to govern the relationship between CVR Refining and its subsidiaries and CVR Energy. These agreements were not the result of arm’s-length negotiations and the terms of these agreements are not necessarily at least as favorable to the parties to these agreements as terms which could have been obtained from unaffiliated third parties.
Coke Supply Agreement
CRRM is a party to a pet coke supply agreement with CRNF. CRNF’s Coffeyville Facility (“Coffeyville Facility”) purchases pet coke from the Coffeyville Refinery under a coke supply agreement (the “Coke Supply Agreement”), which provides that CRRM must deliver, and the Coffeyville Facility must purchase, during each calendar year an annual required amount of pet coke equal to the lesser of (i) 100 percent of the pet coke or (ii) 500,000 tons of pet coke. If during a calendar month, more than 41,667 tons of pet coke is produced and available for purchase, then the Coffeyville Facility will have the option to purchase the excess at the purchase price provided for in the agreement. If the option is declined, CRRM may sell the excess to a third-party.
The Coffeyville Facility obtains a significant amount (61% on average during last five years, 40% in 2019) of the pet coke it needs from the Coke Supply Agreement. Any remaining pet coke needs are required to be purchased from various third parties. The price paid pursuant to the Coke Supply Agreement is based on the lesser of a pet coke price derived from the price received for UAN (the “UAN-based Price”) or a pet coke price index. The UAN-based Price begins with a pet coke price of $25 per ton based on a price per ton for UAN that excludes transportation cost (“netback price”) of $205 per ton, and adjusts up or down $0.50 per ton for every $1.00 change in the netback price. The UAN-based price has a ceiling of $40 per ton and a floor of $5 per ton.
The Coke Supply Agreement has an initial term of 20 years, ending in 2027, which will be automatically extended for successive five-year renewal periods. Either party may terminate the agreement by giving notice no later than three years prior to a renewal date. The agreement is also terminable by mutual consent of the parties or if a party breaches the agreement and does not cure within applicable cure periods. Additionally, the agreement may be terminated in some circumstances if substantially all of the operations at the Coffeyville Facility or the Coffeyville Refinery are permanently terminated, or if either party is subject to a bankruptcy proceeding or otherwise becomes insolvent. For the year ended December 31, 2019, CRNF’s pet coke cost per ton purchased from CRRM averaged
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$16.76, and total purchases from CRRM were approximately $3.6 million. For the year ended December 31, 2019, third-party pet coke prices averaged $51.55, and total third-party purchases were approximately $16.4 million.
Feedstock and Shared Services Agreement
CRNF is party to a feedstock and shared services agreement, as amended, (the “Feedstock Agreement”) with CRRM under which the two parties provide feedstock and other services to one another. These feedstocks and services are utilized in the respective production processes of the Coffeyville Refinery and the Coffeyville Facility. Feedstocks provided under the agreement include, among others, hydrogen, high-pressure steam, nitrogen, instrument air, oxygen, and natural gas. The Feedstock Agreement has an initial term of 20 years, ending in 2031, which will be automatically extended for successive five-year renewal periods. Either party may terminate the Feedstock Agreement, effective upon the last day of a term, by giving notice no later than three years prior to a renewal date. For the year ended December 31, 2019, CRRM purchased approximately $0.1 million of hydrogen from CRNF.
Hydrogen Purchase and Sales Agreement
CRNF and CRRM are parties to a hydrogen purchase and sale agreement (the “Hydrogen Agreement”) pursuant to which the Coffeyville Refinery agrees to sell and deliver a committed hydrogen volume of 90,000 mscf per month to the Coffeyville Facility. The committed volume pricing is based on a monthly fixed fee (based on the fixed and capital charges associated with producing the committed volume) and a monthly variable fee (based on the natural gas price associated with hydrogen actually received). In the event the Coffeyville Facility fails to take delivery of the full committed volume in a month, CRNF remains obligated to pay CRRM for the monthly fixed fee and the monthly variable fee based upon the actual hydrogen volume received, if any. In the event the Coffeyville Refinery fails to deliver any portion of the committed volume for the applicable month for any reason other than planned repairs and maintenance, CRNF will be entitled to a pro-rata reduction of the monthly fixed fee. The Coffeyville Facility also has the option to purchase excess volume of up to 60,000 mscf per month, or more upon mutual agreement, from CRRM, if available for purchase.
The agreement has an initial term of 20 years and will be automatically extended following the initial term for additional successive five-year renewal terms unless either party gives 180 days’ written notice. Certain fees under the agreement are subject to modification after this initial term. The agreement contains customary terms related to indemnification, as well as termination for breach, by mutual consent, or due to insolvency or cessation of operations. For the year ended December 31, 2019, CRRM’s gross sales of hydrogen to CRNF were approximately $4.6 million. The monthly hydrogen sales are cash settled net with hydrogen purchases pursuant to the feedstock and shared services agreement.
Water and Facilities Sharing Agreement
CRRM is party to a raw water and facilities sharing agreement with CRNF (the “Water Agreement”) which (i) provides for the allocation of raw water resources between the Coffeyville Refinery and the Coffeyville Facility and (ii) provides for the management of the water intake system (consisting primarily of a water intake structure, water pumps, meters, and a short run of piping between the intake structure and the origin of the separate pipes that transport the water to each facility) which draws raw water from the Verdigris River for both parties’ facilities.
Environmental Agreement
CRRM is a party to an environmental agreement with CRNF (the “Environmental Agreement”) which provides for certain indemnification and access rights in connection with environmental matters affecting the Coffeyville Refinery and the Coffeyville Facility. To the extent that liability arises from environmental contamination that is caused by CRRM but is also commingled with environmental contamination caused by CRNF, CRRM may elect in its sole discretion and at its own cost and expense to perform government-mandated environmental activities relating to such liability, subject to certain conditions and provided that CRRM will not waive any rights to indemnification or compensation otherwise provided for in the agreement. No liability under this agreement was recorded as of December 31, 2019.
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Real Estate Transactions
Cross-Easement Agreement. CRRM is party to a cross-easement agreement (the “Easement Agreement”) with CRNF, so that both CRRM and CRNF can access and utilize each other’s land in certain circumstances in order to operate their respective businesses.
Terminal and Operating Agreement. CRNF entered into a lease and operating agreement with Coffeyville Resources Terminal, LLC (“CRT”), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of CVR Energy, under which it leases the premises located at Phillipsburg, Kansas to be utilized as a UAN terminal. The initial term of the agreement will expire in May 2032, provided, however, CRNF may terminate the lease at any time during the initial term by providing 180 days prior written notice. In addition, this agreement will automatically renew for successive five-year terms, provided that CRNF may terminate the agreement during any renewal term with at least 180 days written notice. CRNF will pay CRT $1.00 per year for rent, $4.00 per ton of UAN placed into the terminal, and $4.00 per ton of UAN taken out of the terminal. For the year ended December 31, 2019, CRNF paid CRT approximately $0.1 million under this agreement.
Lease Agreement. CRNF is party to a lease agreement (the “Lease Agreement”) with CRRM under which CRNF leases certain office and laboratory space. The initial term of the lease was extended an additional year and will expire in October 2020, provided, however, that CRNF may terminate the lease at any time during the initial term by providing 180 days’ prior written notice. In addition, CRNF has the option to renew the lease agreement for up to two additional one-year periods by providing CRRM with notice of renewal at least 60 days prior to the expiration of the then-existing term. For the year ended December 31, 2019, CRNF paid CRRM approximately $0.1 million under this agreement.
CVR Partners Services Agreement
CVR Energy entered into a services agreement with CVR Partners and its general partner. Under this agreement, CVR Partners and its general partner obtain certain management and other services from CVR Energy pursuant to a services agreement (the “Services Agreement”) between CVR Partners, CVR GP, LLC (“CVR GP”), and CVR Energy. Under the Services Agreement, CVR Partners’ general partner has engaged CVR Energy to provide it with certain services, including the following, among others:
•services from CVR Energy’s employees in capacities equivalent to the capacities of corporate executive officers, except that those who serve in such capacities under the agreement will serve CVR Partners on a shared, part-time basis only, unless CVR Energy and CVR Partners agree otherwise;
•administrative and professional services, including legal, accounting, financial reporting, human resources, information technology, communications, insurance, tax, credit, finance, and government and regulatory affairs;
•recommendations on capital raising activities to the board of directors of the general partner of CVR Partners, including the issuance of debt or equity interests, the entry into credit facilities, and other capital market transactions;
•managing or overseeing litigation and administrative or regulatory proceedings, establishing appropriate insurance policies for CVR Partners, and providing safety and environmental advice;
•recommending the payment of distributions; and
•managing or providing advice for other projects, including acquisitions, as may be agreed by CVR Energy and the general partner of CVR Partners from time to time.
As payment for services provided under the agreement, CVR Partners, its general partner, or its subsidiaries must pay CVR Energy (i) all costs incurred by CVR Energy or its affiliates in connection with the employment of its employees who provide CVR Partners services under the agreement on a full-time basis; (ii) a prorated share of costs incurred by CVR Energy or its affiliates in connection with the employment of its employees who provide CVR Partners services under the agreement on a part-time basis, but excluding certain share-based compensation, and such prorated share shall be determined by CVR Energy on a commercially reasonable basis, based on the percentage of total working time that such shared personnel are engaged in performing services for CVR Partners; (iii) a prorated share of certain administrative costs, including office costs, services by outside vendors, other sales, general and administrative costs, and depreciation and amortization; and (iv) various other administrative costs in accordance with the terms of the agreement, including travel, insurance, legal and audit services, government and public relations, and bank charges. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the total amount paid to CVR Energy pursuant to the Services Agreement was approximately $19.1 million.
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GP Services Agreement
CVR Energy is party to a GP Services Agreement, as amended, (the “GP Services Agreement”) by and among CVR GP and CVR Partners. This agreement allows CVR Energy to engage CVR GP, in its capacity as CVR Partners’ general partner, to provide CVR Energy with (i) business development and related services and (ii) advice or recommendations for such other projects as may be agreed between CVR Energy and CVR Partners’ general partner from time to time. As payment for certain specific services provided under the agreement, CVR Energy must pay a prorated share of costs incurred by CVR Partners or CVR GP in connection with the employment of their respective employees who provide CVR Energy services on a part-time basis, as determined by CVR GP on a commercially reasonable basis based on the percentage of total working time that such shared personnel are engaged in performing services for CVR Energy. As of December 31, 2019, CVR Partners’ Consolidated Balance Sheets reflected a liability of $4.1 million to CVR Energy.
Omnibus Agreement
CVR Energy is party to an omnibus agreement with CVR Partners and its general partner CVR GP, pursuant to which CVR Partners has agreed that CVR Energy will have a preferential right to acquire any assets or group of assets that do not constitute assets used in a fertilizer restricted business. In determining whether to exercise any preferential right under the omnibus agreement, CVR Energy will be permitted to act in its sole discretion, without any fiduciary obligation to CVR Partners or its unitholders whatsoever. These obligations will continue so long as CVR Energy owns at least 50% of CVR Partners’ general partner. There was no activity reported under this agreement during the year ended December 31, 2019.
CVR Partners Trademark License Agreement
CVR Partners is party to a trademark license agreement (the “Trademark License Agreement”) with CVR Energy pursuant to which CVR Energy has granted CVR Partners a non-exclusive, non-transferable license (without its prior written consent) to use the “Coffeyville Resources” word mark and the CVR Partners and Coffeyville Resources logos in connection with CVR Partners’ business. CVR Partners agreed to use the marks only in the form and manner, and with appropriate legends, as prescribed from time to time by CVR Energy, and CVR Energy agreed that the nature and quality of the business that uses the marks will conform to standards currently applied by CVR Partners. Either party can terminate the license with 60 days’ prior notice.
Replacement Agreements
Coffeyville MSA. Effective February 19, 2020, the Conflicts Committee of the board of directors of CVR GP and the Audit Committee of CVR Energy approved, and CRNF and CRRM entered into, a new Coffeyville Master Service Agreement (the “Coffeyville MSA”) which replaced and consolidated the Feedstock Agreement, the Coke Supply Agreement, the Hydrogen Agreement, the Water Agreement, the Easement Agreement, and the Lease Agreement (collectively, the “Replaced Coffeyville Agreements”) on substantially equivalent terms as the Replaced Coffeyville Agreements. In addition to affirming the terms and services described in the Replaced Coffeyville Agreements and resetting the durations thereof, as applicable, commencing February 19, 2020, the Coffeyville MSA provides for monthly payments, subject to netting, for all goods and services supplied under the Coffeyville MSA.
Corporate MSA. Also effective February 19, 2020, the Conflicts Committee of the board of directors of CVR GP and the Audit Committee of CVR Energy approved, and the parties entered into, a new Corporate Master Service Agreement (the “Corporate MSA”) between Coffeyville Services, LLC (“CSLLC,” formerly Coffeyville Resources, LLC) and certain of its affiliates, including CVR Partners, its general partners, and its subsidiaries, which replaced and consolidated the Services Agreement, the GP Services Agreement, and the Trademark License Agreement (collectively, the “Replaced Corporate Agreements”) on substantially equivalent terms as the Replaced Corporate Agreements. In addition to affirming the terms and services described in the Replaced Corporate Agreements and resetting the durations thereof, as applicable, commencing February 19, 2020, the Corporate MSA provides for payment by each service recipient under the Corporate MSA of a monthly fee for goods and services supplied under the Corporate MSA, subject to netting and an annual true up, as well as pass-through of any direct costs incurred on behalf of a service recipient without markup.
CVR Partners Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement
CVR Partners entered into an amended and restated registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) with CSLLC, pursuant to which CVR Partners may be required to register the sale of CVR Partners
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common units that CSLLC holds. Under the Registration Rights Agreement, CSLLC has the right to request that CVR Partners register the sale of common units held by CSLLC on six occasions, including requiring CVR Partners to make available shelf registration statements permitting sales of common units into the market from time to time over an extended period. In addition, CSLLC and its permitted transferees have the ability to exercise certain piggyback registration rights with respect to their securities if CVR Partners elects to register any of its equity interests. The Registration Rights Agreement also includes provisions dealing with holdback agreements, indemnification and contribution, and allocation of expenses. All CVR Partners common units held by CSLLC and any permitted transferee will be entitled to these registration rights, except that the demand registration rights may only be transferred in whole and not in part.
Related Party Transaction Policy
Our Board has adopted a Related Party Transaction Policy, which is designed to monitor and ensure the proper review, approval, ratification, and disclosure of our related party transactions. This policy applies to any transaction, arrangement, or relationship (or any series of similar transactions, arrangements, or relationships) in which we were, are, or will be a participant and the amount involved exceeds $120,000, and in which any related party had, has, or will have a direct or indirect material interest. The Audit Committee must review, approve, and ratify a related party transaction if such transaction is consistent with the Related Party Transaction Policy and is on terms, taken as a whole, which the Audit Committee believes are no less favorable to us than could be obtained in an arm’s-length transaction with an unrelated third-party, unless the Audit Committee otherwise determines the transaction is not in our best interests. Any related party transaction or modification of such transaction that our Board has approved or ratified by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors who do not have a direct or indirect material interest in such transaction does not need to be approved or ratified by our Audit Committee. In addition, related party transactions involving compensation will be approved by our Compensation Committee in lieu of our Audit Committee.
In addition, the charter for the Audit Committee provides that the Audit Committee will review, approve, and ratify transactions in which a potential conflict of interest exists or arises between the Company or any of its subsidiaries (including the general partner of CVR Partners acting on its own behalf and not on behalf of CVR Partners), on the one hand, and CVR Partners or any of its subsidiaries, on the other hand.
On October 22, 2019, the Audit Committee of CVR Energy agreed to authorize the exchange of certain parcels of property owned by CRRM a subsidiary of CVR Energy with an equal number of parcels owned by CRNF, all located in Coffeyville, Kansas (the “Property Exchange”). On February 19, 2020, CRRM and CRNF executed the Property Exchange agreement effectuating the same. This Property Exchange will enable each such company to create a more usable, contiguous parcel of land near its own operating footprint. CVR Energy and the Partnership accounted for this transaction in accordance with the ASC 805-50 guidance on transferring assets between entities under common control. This transaction had a net impact to the Partnership’s partners’ capital of approximately $0.1 million.
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2021 STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS AND DIRECTOR NOMINATIONS
For a stockholder proposal to be considered for inclusion in our Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the Secretary must receive the written proposal at the address below no later than the close of business on December 25, 2020. Such proposals must meet the requirements set forth in our By-Laws. Such proposals also must comply with SEC regulations under Rule 14a-8 regarding the inclusion of stockholder proposals in company-sponsored proxy materials.
For a stockholder proposal that is intended to be presented at an annual meeting but not presented to us for inclusion in our Proxy Statement under Rule 14a-8, in general, the stockholder must give notice to the Secretary no earlier than February 3, 2021 and no later than March 5, 2021 and meet the requirements set forth in our By-laws. However, if the date of our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is held more than 30 days before or after June 3, 2021, then the stockholder’s notice, in order to be considered timely, must be received by the Secretary not later than the later of the close of business on the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or the tenth day following the day on which notice of the date of the 2021 annual meeting was mailed or public disclosure of such date was made.
Stockholders can suggest director candidates for consideration by writing to the attention of the General Counsel at the address below. Stockholders should provide the candidate’s name, biographical data, qualifications, and the candidate’s written consent to being named as a nominee in our proxy statement and to serve as a director, if elected. Stockholders should also include the information that would be required to be disclosed in the solicitation of proxies for election of directors under the federal securities laws. The Board may require any nominee to furnish any other information, within reason, that may be needed to determine the eligibility of the candidate. See “Corporate Governance - Identifying and Evaluating Nominees for Directors” above.
To nominate an individual for election at our annual meeting for 2021, the stockholder must give timely notice to the Secretary in accordance with our By-laws, which, in general, require that the notice be received by the Secretary no earlier than February 3, 2021 and no later than March 5, 2021, unless the date of the stockholder meeting is moved more than 30 days before or after June 3, 2021, then the nomination must be received by the Secretary not later than the later of the close of business on the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or the tenth day following the day on which notice of the date of the 2021 annual meeting was mailed or public disclosure of such date was made.
If the number of directors to be elected at the 2021 Annual Meeting will be increased and there is no public announcement naming the nominees for the additional directorships prior to February 23, 2021, a stockholder’s notice will be considered timely with respect to the nominees for the additional directorships if it is received by the Secretary not later than the close of business on the tenth day after the day on which such public announcement is first made.
Proponents must submit stockholder proposals and recommendations for nomination as a director in writing to the following address:
CVR Energy, Inc.
2277 Plaza Drive, Suite 500
Sugar Land, Texas 77479
Attention: General Counsel
The General Counsel will forward the proposals and recommendations to the Governance Committee for consideration. We reserve the right to reject, rule out of order, or take other appropriate actions with respect to any proposal or nomination that does not comply with the procedures described above and other applicable requirements. In addition, a proxy may confer discretionary authority to vote on any matter at a meeting if we do not receive notice of the matter within the time frames described above.
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