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Share-Based Compensation | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Share-Based Compensation | (9) Share-Based Compensation Overview CVR Energy, CVR Refining, and CVR Partners all have Long-Term Incentive Plans (collectively, the “LTIPs”) which permit the granting of options, stock and unit appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted stock units, phantom units, unit awards, substitute awards, other unit-based awards, cash awards, dividend and distribution equivalent rights, share awards, and performance awards (including performance share units, performance units, and performance-based restricted stock). Individuals who are eligible to receive awards and grants under the LTIPs include the employees, officers, and directors of the Company, CVR Refining, and CVR Partners. The Company had 6.8 million shares or units, as applicable, available for future grants under our plans at December 31, 2020. Incentive and Phantom Unit Awards Incentive and phantom unit awards have been granted to officers, employees, and directors (collectively, the “Share-Based Awards”) under the LTIPs. As a result, Share-Based Awards that reflect the value and dividend or distributions of CVR Energy, CVR Refining, or CVR Partners, as applicable, have been granted and remain outstanding as of December 31, 2020. Each Share-Based Award and the related dividend or distribution equivalent right represents the right to receive, upon vesting, a cash payment equal to (i) the average fair market value of one share or unit, as applicable, in accordance with the award agreement, plus (ii) the per share or unit cash value of all dividends or distributions declared and paid, as applicable, from the grant date through the vesting date. The Share-Based Awards are generally graded-vesting awards, which vest over three years with one- third of the award vesting each year the grantee remains employed by the Company or its subsidiaries. Compensation expense is recognized ratably, based on service provided to the Company and its subsidiaries, with the amount recognized fluctuating as a result of the Share-Based Awards being re-measured to fair value at the end of each reporting period due to their liability-award classification. A summary of activity for the Company’s Share-Based Awards for the year ended December 31, 2020 is presented below:
| Shares or Units |  | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value (per share or unit) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions) |
Non-vested at December 31, 2019 | 1,052,480 |  |  | $ | 32.55 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |
Granted | 2,036,383 |  |  | 15.12 |  |  |  |
Vested | (508,031) |  |  | 28.36 |  |  |  |
Forfeited | (126,191) |  |  | 31.65 |  |  |  |
Non-vested at December 31, 2020 | 2,454,641 |  |  | $ | 19.01 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |
Performance Unit Awards Pursuant to an employment agreement with the Company’s current chief executive officer, the Company entered into two performance award agreements on November 1, 2017. In connection with the performance period of January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018, a performance award was granted with a target value of $1.5 million (the “2018 CEO Performance Award”). The payout of $1.9 million, paid in February 2019, under the 2018 CEO Performance Award was based on the Company’s performance against certain safety, operating, and financial measures. Additionally, the Company entered into a performance award agreement (the “CEO Performance Award”). The CEO Performance Award represents the right to receive upon vesting, a cash payment equal to $10 million if the average closing price of the Company’s common stock over the 30-trading day period from January 4, 2022 to February 15, 2022 is equal to or greater than $60 per share. Compensation Expense A summary of total share based compensation expense and unrecognized compensation expense related to the Share-Based Awards and the Company’s performance awards, the amounts allocated to each of the Company’s segments, and the amounts that were not allocated to segments during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 is presented below:
| Expenses |  | Unrecognized Expense
| For the year ended December 31, |  | At December 31, 2020
(in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Amount |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Years
Share based awards |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Incentive Units | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | 2.9
Phantom Units | 1 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2.8
Performance awards |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CEO Performance Award | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1.0
2018 CEO Performance Award | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.0
Former CEO Performance Award | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.0
Total expense | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  |
The total tax benefit recognized during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 related to compensation expense was $1 million, $4 million and $4 million respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, the Company paid cash of $8 million, $23 million, and $17 million, respectively, to settle liability-classified awards upon vesting. Other Benefit Plans The Company sponsors and administers two defined-contribution 401(k) plans, the CVR Energy 401(k) Plan and the CVR Energy 401(k) Plan for Represented Employees (the “Plans”), in which the Company’s employees may participate. Participants in the Plans may elect to contribute a designated percentage of their eligible compensation in accordance with the Plans, subject to statutory limits. The Company provides a matching contribution of 100% of the first 6% of eligible compensation contributed by participants. Participants in both Plans are immediately vested in their individual contributions. The Plans provide for a three-year vesting schedule for the Company’s matching contributions and contain a provision to count service with predecessor organizations. The Company’s contributions under the Plans were approximately $10 million, $9 million, and $9 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. Effective January 1, 2021, the matching contributions for the Plans have been suspended.

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