Our segments are subject to price fluctuations caused by supply conditions, weather, economic conditions, interest rate fluctuations, and other factors. To manage price risk on crude oil and other inventories and to fix margins on certain future production, the Petroleum Segment from time to time enters into various commodity derivative transactions. On a regular basis, the Company enters into commodity contracts with counterparties for the purchases or sale of crude oil, blendstocks, various finished products, and RINs. The contracts usually qualify for the normal purchase normal sale exception and follow the accrual method of accounting. All other derivative instruments are recorded at fair value using mark-to-market accounting on a periodic basis utilizing third-party pricing.

The Petroleum Segment holds derivative instruments, such as exchange-traded crude oil futures and over-the-counter forward swap agreements, which it believes provide an economic hedge on future transactions, but such instruments are not designated as hedges under GAAP. There are no premiums paid or received at inception of the derivative contracts or upon settlement. The Petroleum Segment may enter into forward purchase or sale contracts associated with RINs. As of December 31, 2021, the Petroleum Segment had open fixed-price commitments to purchase a net 2 million RINs.

Commodity derivatives include commodity swaps and forward purchase and sale commitments. There were no outstanding commodity swap positions as of December 31, 2021 compared to 7 million barrels in outstanding commodity swap positions as of December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were approximately 1 million and 4 million barrels in forward purchase commitments, respectively, and 1 million and 2 million barrels in forward sale commitments, respectively.

The following outlines the gains (losses) recognized on the Company’s derivative activities, all of which are recorded in Cost of materials and other on the Consolidated Statements of Operations:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)	2021		2020		2019
Forward purchases and sales contracts, net	$	25	$	53	$	20
Commodity swap instruments	(68)		(8)		—
Futures contracts	(1)		10		(1)
Total (loss) gain on derivatives, net	$	(44)	$	55	$	19

The Company elected to offset the fair value amounts recognized for multiple derivative contracts executed with the same counterparty. These amounts are recognized as current assets and current liabilities within the Prepaid expenses and other


	Derivative Assets				Derivative Liabilities
	December 31,				December 31,
(in millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Commodity derivatives	$	5	$	1	$	(7)	$	(5)

Less: Counterparty netting	(5)		(1)		5		1
Total net fair value of derivatives	$	—	$	—	$	(2)	$	(4)

Investments consist of equity securities, which are reported at fair value in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. These investments are considered trading securities. Investment income on marketable securities consists of the following:


	Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)	2021		2020		2019
Dividend income	$	—	$	7	$	—
Gain on marketable securities	81		34		—
Investment income on marketable securities	$	81	$	41	$	—

On June 10, 2021, the Company distributed its investment of 10,539,880 shares of common stock of Delek US Holdings, Inc. (“Delek”) in the form of a special dividend to its stockholders (the “Stock Distribution”). Following the Stock Distribution, the Company continued to hold a nominal investment in other marketable securities of Delek as of December 31, 2021. See further discussion of the distribution in Note 14 (“Related Party Transactions”).

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 820 — Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“Topic 820”), the Company utilizes the market approach to measure fair value for its financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets, liabilities, or a group of assets or liabilities, such as a business.

Topic 820 utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels:

The following tables set forth the assets and liabilities measured or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis, by input level, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:


	December 31, 2021
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Location and Description


Other current assets (commodity derivatives)	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1
Total Assets	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1

Other current liabilities (commodity derivatives)	$	—	$	(2)	$	—	$	(2)

Other current liabilities (RFS obligation)	—		(494)		—		(494)
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations, net of current portion (long-term debt)	—		(1,620)		—		(1,620)
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	(2,116)	$	—	$	(2,116)


	December 31, 2020
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Location and Description

Prepaid expenses and other current assets (investments)	$	173	$	—	$	—	$	173



Total Assets	$	173	$	—	$	—	$	173
Note payable and finance lease obligations (current portion of long-term debt)	$	—	$	(2)	$	—	$	(2)
Other current liabilities (commodity derivatives)	—		(17)		—		(17)

Other current liabilities (RFS obligation)	—		(214)		—		(214)
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations, net of current portion (long-term debt)	—		(1,604)		—		(1,604)
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	(1,837)	$	—	$	(1,837)

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the only financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis are the Company’s investments, derivative instruments, long-term debt, and the RFS obligation. The estimated fair value of cash equivalents, included amounts invested in short-term money market funds, and restricted cash approximate their carrying amounts. The Petroleum Segment’s commodity derivative contracts and RFS obligation, which use fair value measurements and are valued using broker quoted market prices of similar instruments, are considered Level 2 inputs. The Company had no transfers of assets or liabilities between any of the above levels during the year ended December 31, 2021.