Operating expenses disclosed by nature of expense amounted to $1,024,123, $834,260 and $827,096 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The main components of the operating expenses are the following:

(*) Includes $(243,900) corresponding to the impairment of goodwill of the CGU Telecom (See Note 3.v.1.a)

Operating expenses, disclosed per function are as follows:

Operating

Administration

Commerciali-

Other

Total

Concept

costs

zation costs

expenses

12.31.2022

12.31.2021

12.31.2020

Employee benefit expenses and severance payments

(103,185)

(38,600)

(40,879)

—

(182,664)

(178,865)

(171,934)

Interconnection costs and other telecommunication charges

(22,455)

—

(22,455)

(29,729)

(33,090)

Fees for services, maintenance, materials and supplies

(39,732)

(16,450)

(32,274)

—

(88,456)

(96,288)

(97,064)

Taxes and Fees with the Regulatory Authority

(55,107)

(366)

(518)

—

(55,991)

(63,781)

(67,685)

Commissions and advertising

(144)

—

(44,022)

—

(44,166)

(47,514)

(50,724)

Cost of equipment and handsets

(34,540)

—

(34,540)

(40,831)

(32,731)

Programming and content costs

(45,741)

—

(45,741)

(56,391)

(59,301)

Bad debt expenses

—

(18,342)

—

(18,342)

(15,550)

(31,769)

Other operating expenses

(18,889)

(3,989)

(13,569)

—

(36,447)

(41,261)

(39,951)

Depreciation, amortization and impairment of fixed assets

(190,192)

(36,650)

(22,344)

(246,135)

(495,321)

(264,050)

(242,847)

Total as of 12.31.2022

(509,985)

(96,055)

(171,948)

(246,135)

(1,024,123)

—

Total as of 12.31.2021

(571,634)

(80,646)

(179,479)

(2,501)

—

(834,260)

—

Total as of 12.31.2020

(559,859)

(72,113)

(194,018)

(1,106)

—

(827,096)

Operating leases

Future minimum lease payments of non-cancellable operating lease agreements of Telecom and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 in currency on the transaction date are as follows:


	Less than
	1 year	1‑5 years	Total
2020	653	133	786
2021	849	277	1,126
2022	664	288	952

Further information is provided in Note 3.k) to these consolidated financial statements.