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Deferred Compensation and Retirement Plans | 3 Months Ended
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Jul. 31, 2016
Deferred Compensation and Retirement Plans |
7. | Deferred Compensation and Retirement Plans
The Company has several deferred compensation and retirement plans for eligible consultants and vice presidents that provide defined benefits to participants based on the deferral of current compensation or contributions made by the Company subject to vesting and retirement or termination provisions. Among these plans is a defined benefit pension plan for Hay Group employees in the United States. The assets of this plan are held separately from the assets of the sponsors in self-administered funds. The plan is funded consistent with local statutory requirements and the Company does not expect to make any contribution to this plan during fiscal 2017. All other defined benefit obligations from other plans are unfunded. The components of net periodic benefit costs are as follows:
|  | Three Months Ended July 31, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Interest cost |  | $ | 1,062 |  |  | $ | 703 |
Amortization of actuarial loss |  |  | 763 |  |  |  | 731 |
Service cost |  |  | 609 |  |  |  | — |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (390 | ) |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit costs |  | $ | 2,044 |  |  | $ | 1,434 |
The Company purchased COLI contracts insuring the lives of certain employees eligible to participate in the deferred compensation and pension plans as a means of funding benefits under such plans mentioned above that are unfunded. The gross CSV of these contracts of $178.6 million and $175.7 million is offset by outstanding policy loans of $68.4 million in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of July 31, 2016 and April 30, 2016, respectively. The CSV value of the underlying COLI investments increased by $2.5 million during both the three months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, recorded as a decrease in compensation and benefits expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. The Company has an ECAP, which is intended to provide certain employees an opportunity to defer salary and/or bonus on a pre-tax basis or make an after-tax contribution. In addition, the Company, as part of its compensation philosophy, makes discretionary contributions into the ECAP and such contributions may be granted to key employees annually based upon employee performance. Certain key management may also receive Company ECAP contributions upon commencement of employment. As these contributions vest, the amounts are recorded as a liability in deferred compensation and other retirement plans on the accompanying balance sheet and compensation and benefits on the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Participants generally vest in Company contributions over a four to five year period. The ECAP is accounted for whereby the changes in the fair value of the vested amounts owed to the participants are adjusted with a corresponding charge (or credit) to compensation and benefits costs. During the three months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, deferred compensation liability increased; therefore, the Company recognized in compensation expense $3.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively. Offsetting these increases in compensation and benefits expense was an increase in the fair value of marketable securities classified as trading (held in trust to satisfy obligations under certain deferred compensation liabilities) of $3.9 million and $0.7 million during the three months ended July 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, recorded in other income (loss), net on the consolidated statements of income (see Note 6 —Financial Instruments).

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- Definition The entire disclosure for pension and other postretirement benefits. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 715 -SubTopic 80 -Section 50 -Paragraph 11 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65877416&loc=SL14450702-114947 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 715 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65897934&loc=d3e2410-114920 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 715 -SubTopic 60 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6414203&loc=d3e39675-114964 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 715 -SubTopic 70 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=49170846&loc=d3e28014-114942 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 715 -SubTopic 60 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66047640&loc=d3e39622-114963 + Details
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