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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Provision (Benefit) | The components of the income tax provision were as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 45,271 |  |  | $ | 18,129 |  |  | $ | 557 |
State | 8,101 |  |  | 4,036 |  |  | 403 |
Foreign | 342 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 7 |
| 53,714 |  |  | 22,272 |  |  | 967 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (11,872) |  |  | (7,458) |  |  | (154) |
State | (1,620) |  |  | (1,499) |  |  | (41) |
Foreign | 6,018 |  |  | 1,110 |  |  | (4,666) |
| (7,474) |  |  | (7,847) |  |  | (4,861) |
Total income tax provision (benefit) | $ | 46,240 |  |  | $ | 14,425 |  |  | $ | (3,894) |
Schedule of Income Before Income Taxes | Income before income taxes was as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
U.S. | $ | 167,887 |  |  | $ | 56,923 |  |  | $ | 3,175 |
Foreign | 28,201 |  |  | 12,027 |  |  | 6,668 |
Income before income taxes | $ | 196,088 |  |  | $ | 68,950 |  |  | $ | 9,843 |
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation | A reconciliation of the statutory U.S. income tax rate and the effective income tax rate, as computed on earnings before income tax provision (benefit) in each of the three years presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, was as follows:
| Year Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Statutory rate | 21 | % |  | 21 | % |  | 21 | %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Research and development credit | (1) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (14) |
Foreign rate differential | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Valuation allowance | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | (62) |
Deferred tax rate differential | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Non-deductible expenses | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |
Impact of U.S. global intangible taxes and benefits | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |
Stock-based compensation | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Effective rate | 24 | % |  | 21 | % |  | (40) | %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The tax effect of temporary differences between U.S. GAAP accounting and federal income tax accounting creating deferred income tax assets and liabilities was as follows (in thousands):
| September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Deferred Tax Assets: |  |  |
Research and experimental expenditures(1) | $ | 12,552 |  |  | $ | 8,118 |
Long-term contracts | 7,480 |  |  | — |
Deferred compensation | 2,868 |  |  | 2,274 |
Uniform capitalization and inventory | 1,511 |  |  | 1,253 |
Credit carryforwards | 1,304 |  |  | 1,378 |
Warranty accrual | 1,304 |  |  | 752 |
Stock-based compensation | 1,269 |  |  | 1,555 |
Net operating loss | 1,248 |  |  | 7,432 |
Reserve for accrued employee benefits | 1,029 |  |  | 988 |
Other | 655 |  |  | 317 |
Deferred tax assets | $ | 31,220 |  |  | $ | 24,067 |
Deferred Tax Liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization(1) | $ | (3,773) |  |  | $ | (3,545) |
Retention and other | (1,310) |  |  | (1,491) |
Deferred tax liabilities | $ | (5,083) |  |  | $ | (5,036) |
Less: valuation allowance | (1,599) |  |  | (1,967) |
Net deferred tax asset | $ | 24,538 |  |  | $ | 17,064 |
(1)Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation.
Schedule of Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits | A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of the unrecognized tax benefits follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 1,889 |  |  | $ | 1,377 |  |  | $ | 1,409 |
Increases related to tax positions taken during the current period | 460 |  |  | 400 |  |  | 240 |
Increases related to tax positions taken during a prior period | 70 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 92 |
Decreases related to expiration of statute of limitations | (680) |  |  | — |  |  | (327) |
Decreases related to settlement with taxing authorities | — |  |  | — |  |  | (37) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 1,739 |  |  | $ | 1,889 |  |  | $ | 1,377 |

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