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Employee benefit plans | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract] |
Employee Benefit Plans | Employee Benefit Plans Pension and other postretirement benefit plans The Company has noncontributory qualified defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans for certain eligible employees. The Company uses a measurement date of December 31 for all of its pension and postretirement benefit plans. Prior to 2013, defined benefit pension plan benefits and accruals for all nonunion and certain union plans were frozen and on June 30, 2015, the remaining union plan was frozen. These employees were eligible to receive additional defined contribution plan benefits. Effective January 1, 2010, eligibility to receive retiree medical benefits was modified at certain of the Company's businesses. Employees who had attained age 55 with 10 years of continuous service by December 31, 2010, were provided the option to choose between a pre-65 comprehensive medical plan coupled with a Medicare supplement or a specified company funded Retiree Reimbursement Account, regardless of when they retire. All other eligible employees must meet the new eligibility criteria of age 60 and 10 years of continuous service at the time they retire to be eligible for a specified company funded Retiree Reimbursement Account. Employees hired after December 31, 2009, will not be eligible for retiree medical benefits at certain of the Company's businesses. In 2012, the Company modified health care coverage for certain retirees. Effective January 1, 2013, post-65 coverage was replaced by a fixed-dollar subsidy for retirees and spouses to be used to purchase individual insurance through a healthcare exchange. Changes in benefit obligation and plan assets and amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31 were as follows:
| Pension Benefits | Other Postretirement Benefits
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021
Change in benefit obligation: | (In thousands)
Benefit obligation at beginning of year | $ | 411,497 |  | $ | 437,360 |  | $ | 73,460 |  | $ | 86,155 |
Service cost | — |  | — |  | 1,416 |  | 1,600 |
Interest cost | 10,522 |  | 9,819 |  | 1,896 |  | 1,862 |
Plan participants' contributions | — |  | — |  | 569 |  | 641 |
Actuarial gain | (85,303) |  | (12,140) |  | (18,401) |  | (12,802) |
Benefits paid | (24,672) |  | (23,542) |  | (4,009) |  | (3,996) |
Benefit obligation at end of year | 312,044 |  | 411,497 |  | 54,931 |  | 73,460 |
Change in net plan assets: |  |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | 373,109 |  | 383,834 |  | 100,158 |  | 101,639 |
Actual return on plan assets | (77,975) |  | 12,817 |  | (20,893) |  | 1,398 |
Employer contribution | — |  | — |  | 501 |  | 476 |
Plan participants' contributions | — |  | — |  | 569 |  | 641 |
Benefits paid | (24,672) |  | (23,542) |  | (4,009) |  | (3,996) |
Fair value of net plan assets at end of year | 270,462 |  | 373,109 |  | 76,326 |  | 100,158 |
Funded status - (under) over | $ | (41,582) |  | $ | (38,388) |  | $ | 21,395 |  | $ | 26,698 |
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31: |  |  |  |
Noncurrent assets - other | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 36,325 |  | $ | 45,863 |
Other accrued liabilities | — |  | — |  | 1,044 |  | 544 |
Noncurrent liabilities - other | 41,582 |  | 38,388 |  | 13,886 |  | 18,621 |
Benefit obligation (liabilities) assets - net amount recognized | $ | (41,582) |  | $ | (38,388) |  | $ | 21,395 |  | $ | 26,698 |
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |
Actuarial loss (gain) | $ | 32,378 |  | $ | 25,976 |  | $ | (2,923) |  | $ | 2,367 |
Prior service credit | — |  | — |  | (289) |  | (290) |
Total | $ | 32,378 |  | $ | 25,976 |  | $ | (3,212) |  | $ | 2,077 |
Amounts recognized in regulatory assets or liabilities: |  |  |  |
Actuarial loss (gain) | $ | 141,207 |  | $ | 142,166 |  | $ | (1,439) |  | $ | (14,727) |
Prior service credit | — |  | — |  | (3,796) |  | (5,193) |
Total | $ | 141,207 |  | $ | 142,166 |  | $ | (5,235) |  | $ | (19,920) |
Employer contributions and benefits paid in the preceding table include only those amounts contributed directly to, or paid directly from, plan assets. Amounts related to regulated operations are recorded as regulatory assets or liabilities and are expected to be reflected in rates charged to customers over time. For more information on regulatory assets and liabilities, see Note 6. In 2022 and 2021, the actuarial gain recognized in the benefit obligation was primarily the result of an increase in the discount rate. For more information on the discount rates, see the table below. Unrecognized pension actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10 percent of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of assets are amortized over the average life expectancy of plan participants for frozen plans. The market-related value of assets is determined using a five-year average of assets. The pension plans all have accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets. The projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for these plans at December 31 were as follows:
| 2022 |  | 2021 |
| (In thousands)
Projected benefit obligation | $ | 312,044 |  | $ | 411,497 |
Accumulated benefit obligation | $ | 312,044 |  | $ | 411,497 |
Fair value of plan assets | $ | 270,462 |  | $ | 373,109 |
The components of net periodic benefit cost (credit), other than the service cost component, are included in other income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Prior service credit is amortized on a straight-line basis over the average remaining service period of active participants. These components related to the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
| Pension Benefits | Other Postretirement Benefits
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020
Components of net periodic benefit credit: | (In thousands)
Service cost | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,416 |  | $ | 1,600 |  | $ | 1,532 |
Interest cost | 10,522 |  | 9,819 |  | 12,093 |  | 1,896 |  | 1,862 |  | 2,437 |
Expected return on assets | (19,455) |  | (19,576) |  | (19,949) |  | (5,288) |  | (5,098) |  | (5,019) |
Amortization of prior service credit | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,398) |  | (1,398) |  | (1,398) |
Recognized net actuarial loss (gain) | 6,683 |  | 8,017 |  | 7,172 |  | (219) |  | 24 |  | 287 |
Net periodic benefit credit, including amount capitalized | (2,250) |  | (1,740) |  | (684) |  | (3,593) |  | (3,010) |  | (2,161) |
Less amount capitalized | — |  | — |  | — |  | 175 |  | 150 |  | 156 |
Net periodic benefit cost credit | (2,250) |  | (1,740) |  | (684) |  | (3,768) |  | (3,160) |  | (2,317) |
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in accumulated comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (gain) loss | 2,369 |  | (265) |  | 934 |  | (4,141) |  | (2,811) |  | (259) |
Amortization of actuarial loss | (1,310) |  | (1,286) |  | (1,155) |  | (281) |  | (135) |  | (306) |
Amortization of prior service credit | — |  | — |  | — |  | 125 |  | 100 |  | 101 |
Reclassification of postretirement liability adjustment from regulatory asset | 5,343 |  | — |  | — |  | (992) |  | — |  | — |
Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss | 6,402 |  | (1,551) |  | (221) |  | (5,289) |  | (2,846) |  | (464) |
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in regulatory assets or liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (gain) loss | 9,757 |  | (5,116) |  | 4,546 |  | 11,920 |  | (6,292) |  | (3,793) |
Amortization of actuarial gain (loss) | (5,373) |  | (6,731) |  | (6,017) |  | 500 |  | 110 |  | 19 |
Amortization of prior service credit | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,273 |  | 1,298 |  | 1,297 |
Reclassification of postretirement liability adjustment from regulatory asset | (5,343) |  | — |  | — |  | 992 |  | — |  | — |
Total recognized in regulatory assets or liabilities | (959) |  | (11,847) |  | (1,471) |  | 14,685 |  | (4,884) |  | (2,477) |
Total recognized in net periodic benefit credit, accumulated other comprehensive loss and regulatory assets or liabilities | $ | 3,193 |  | $ | (15,138) |  | $ | (2,376) |  | $ | 5,628 |  | $ | (10,890) |  | $ | (5,258) |
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31 were as follows:
| Pension Benefits | Other Postretirement Benefits
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |
Discount rate | 5.06 | % | 2.64 | % | 5.07 | % | 2.66 | %
Expected return on plan assets | 6.50 | % | 6.00 | % | 6.00 | % | 5.50 | %
Rate of compensation increase | N/A | N/A | 3.00 | % | 3.00 | %
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost (credit) for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
| Pension Benefits | Other Postretirement Benefits
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021
Discount rate | 2.64 | % | 2.30 | % | 2.66 | % | 2.30 | %
Expected return on plan assets | 6.00 | % | 6.00 | % | 5.50 | % | 5.50 | %
Rate of compensation increase | N/A | N/A | 3.00 | % | 3.00 | %
The expected rate of return on pension plan assets is based on a targeted asset allocation range determined by the funded ratio of the plan. As of December 31, 2022, the expected rate of return on pension plan assets is based on the targeted asset allocation range of 40 percent to 50 percent equity securities and 50 percent to 60 percent fixed-income securities and the expected rate of return from these asset categories. The expected rate of return on other postretirement plan assets is based on the targeted asset allocation range of 10 percent to 20 percent equity securities and 80 percent to 90 percent fixed-income securities and the expected rate of return from these asset categories. The expected return on plan assets for other postretirement benefits reflects insurance-related investment costs. Health care rate assumptions for the Company's other postretirement benefit plans as of December 31 were as follows:
| 2022 |  | 2021 |
Health care trend rate assumed for next year | 7.5 | % | 7.0 | %
Health care cost trend rate - ultimate | 4.5 | % | 4.5 | %
Year in which ultimate trend rate achieved | 2033 | 2031
The Company's other postretirement benefit plans include health care and life insurance benefits for certain retirees. The plans underlying these benefits may require contributions by the retiree depending on such retiree's age and years of service at retirement or the date of retirement. The Company contributes a flat dollar amount to the monthly premiums which is updated annually on January 1. The Company does not expect to contribute to its defined benefit pension plans in 2023 due to an additional $20.0 million contributed to the plans in 2019 creating prefunding credits to be used in future years. The Company expects to contribute approximately $595,000 to its postretirement benefit plans in 2023. The following benefit payments, which reflect future service, as appropriate, and expected Medicare Part D subsidies at December 31, 2022, are as follows:
Years | Pension Benefits | Other Postretirement Benefits | Expected Medicare Part D Subsidy
|  | (In thousands) |
2023 | $ | 24,936 |  | $ | 4,275 |  | $ | 62 |
2024 | 24,882 |  | 4,371 |  | 53 |
2025 | 24,749 |  | 4,456 |  | 46 |
2026 | 24,605 |  | 4,509 |  | 39 |
2027 | 24,387 |  | 4,523 |  | 31 |
2028-2032 | 114,850 |  | 16,917 |  | 93 |
Outside investment managers manage the Company's pension and postretirement assets. The Company's investment policy with respect to pension and other postretirement assets is to make investments solely in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of the plans and for the exclusive purpose of providing benefits accrued and defraying the reasonable expenses of administration. The Company strives to maintain investment diversification to assist in minimizing the risk of large losses. The Company's policy guidelines allow for investment of funds in cash equivalents, fixed-income securities and equity securities. The guidelines prohibit investment in commodities and futures contracts, equity private placement, employer securities, leveraged or derivative securities, options, direct real estate investments, precious metals, venture capital and limited partnerships. The guidelines also prohibit short selling and margin transactions. The Company's practice is to periodically review and rebalance asset categories based on its targeted asset allocation percentage policy. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value ASC establishes a hierarchy for grouping assets and liabilities, based on the significance of inputs. The estimated fair values of the Company's pension plans' assets are determined using the market approach. The carrying value of the pension plans' Level 2 cash equivalents approximates fair value and is determined using observable inputs in active markets or the net asset value of shares held at year end, which is determined using other observable inputs including pricing from outside sources. The estimated fair value of the pension plans' Level 1 and Level 2 equity securities are based on the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded or other known sources including pricing from outside sources. The estimated fair value of the pension plans' Level 1 and Level 2 collective and mutual funds are based on the net asset value of shares held at year end, based on either published market quotations on active markets or other known sources including pricing from outside sources. The estimated fair value of the pension plans' Level 2 corporate and municipal bonds is determined using other observable inputs, including benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, bids, offers, future cash flows and other reference data. The estimated fair value of the pension plans' Level 1 U.S. Government securities are valued based on quoted prices on an active market. The estimated fair value of the pension plans' Level 2 U.S. Government securities are valued mainly using other observable inputs, including benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, bids, offers, to be announced prices, future cash flows and other reference data. The estimated fair value of the pension plans' Level 2 pooled separate accounts are determined using observable inputs in active markets or the net asset value of shares held at year end, or other observable inputs. Some of these securities are valued using pricing from outside sources. All investments measured at net asset value in the tables that follow are invested in commingled funds, separate accounts or common collective trusts which do not have publicly quoted prices. The fair value of the commingled funds, separate accounts and common collective trusts are determined based on the net asset value of the underlying investments. The fair value of the underlying investments held by the commingled funds, separate accounts and common collective trusts is generally based on quoted prices in active markets. Though the Company believes the methods used to estimate fair value are consistent with those used by other market participants, the use of other methods or assumptions could result in a different estimate of fair value. The fair value of the Company's pension plans' assets (excluding cash) by class were as follows:
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022, Using |
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Balance at December 31, 2022
| (In thousands)
Assets: |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | $ | — |  | $ | 8,170 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 8,170 |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |
U.S. companies | 7,388 |  | — |  | — |  | 7,388 |
International companies | — |  | 467 |  | — |  | 467 |
Collective and mutual funds (a) | 121,072 |  | 33,371 |  | — |  | 154,443 |
Corporate bonds | — |  | 81,363 |  | — |  | 81,363 |
Municipal bonds | — |  | 5,904 |  | — |  | 5,904 |
U.S. Government securities | 3,044 |  | 880 |  | — |  | 3,924 |
Pooled separate accounts (b) | — |  | 3,241 |  | — |  | 3,241 |
Investments measured at net asset value (c) | — |  | — |  | — |  | 5,562 |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 131,504 |  | $ | 133,396 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 270,462 |
(a)Collective and mutual funds invest approximately 29 percent in corporate bonds, 24 percent in common stock of large-cap U.S. companies, 16 percent in common stock of international companies, 7 percent cash and cash equivalents, 7 percent in U.S. Government securities and 17 percent in other investments. (b)Pooled separate accounts are invested 100 percent in cash and cash equivalents. (c)In accordance with ASC 820 - Fair Value Measurements, certain investments that were measured at net asset value per share (or its equivalent) have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the line items presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021, Using |
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Balance at December 31, 2021
| (In thousands)
Assets: |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | $ | — |  | $ | 4,637 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 4,637 |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |
U.S. companies | 7,483 |  | — |  | — |  | 7,483 |
International companies | — |  | 1,279 |  | — |  | 1,279 |
Collective and mutual funds (a) | 167,093 |  | 41,383 |  | — |  | 208,476 |
Corporate bonds | — |  | 125,167 |  | — |  | 125,167 |
Municipal bonds | — |  | 7,507 |  | — |  | 7,507 |
U.S. Government securities | 7,113 |  | 1,902 |  | — |  | 9,015 |
Pooled separate accounts (b) | — |  | 3,088 |  | — |  | 3,088 |
Investments measured at net asset value (c) | — |  | — |  | — |  | 6,457 |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 181,689 |  | $ | 184,963 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 373,109 |
(a)Collective and mutual funds invest approximately 37 percent in corporate bonds, 19 percent in common stock of international companies, 16 percent in common stock of large-cap U.S. companies, 9 percent in U.S. Government securities and 19 percent in other investments. (b)Pooled separate accounts are invested 100 percent in cash and cash equivalents. (c)In accordance with ASC 820 - Fair Value Measurements, certain investments that were measured at net asset value per share (or its equivalent) have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the line items presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The estimated fair values of the Company's other postretirement benefit plans' assets are determined using the market approach. The estimated fair value of the other postretirement benefit plans' Level 2 cash equivalents is valued at the net asset value of shares held at year end, based on published market quotations on active markets, or using other known sources including pricing from outside sources. The estimated fair value of the other postretirement benefit plans' Level 1 and Level 2 equity securities is based on the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded or other known sources including pricing from outside sources. The estimated fair value of the other postretirement benefit plans' Level 2 insurance contract is based on contractual cash surrender values that are determined primarily by investments in managed separate accounts of the insurer. These amounts approximate fair value. The managed separate accounts are valued based on other observable inputs or corroborated market data. Though the Company believes the methods used to estimate fair value are consistent with those used by other market participants, the use of other methods or assumptions could result in a different estimate of fair value. The fair value of the Company's other postretirement benefit plans' assets (excluding cash) by asset class were as follows:
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022, Using |
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Balance at December 31, 2022
| (In thousands)
Assets: |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | $ | — |  | $ | 4,196 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 4,196 |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |
U.S. companies | 2,572 |  | — |  | — |  | 2,572 |
Collective and mutual funds (a) | 5 |  | 5 |  | — |  | 10 |
Insurance contract (b) | — |  | 69,548 |  | — |  | 69,548 |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 2,577 |  | $ | 73,749 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 76,326 |
(a)Collective and mutual funds invest approximately 29 percent in corporate bonds, 24 percent in common stock of large-cap U.S. companies,16 percent in common stock of international companies, 7 percent in cash and cash equivalents,7 percent in U.S. Government securities and 17 percent in other investments. (b)The insurance contract invests approximately 69 percent in corporate bonds, 13 percent in U.S. Government securities, 14 percent in common stock of large-cap U.S. companies and 4 percent in common stock of small-cap U.S. companies.
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021, Using |
| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Balance at December 31, 2021
| (In thousands)
Assets: |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | $ | — |  | $ | 4,281 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 4,281 |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |
U.S. companies | 2,332 |  | — |  | — |  | 2,332 |
International companies | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |
Collective and mutual funds (a) | 4 |  | 90 |  | — |  | 94 |
Insurance contract (b) | — |  | 93,447 |  | — |  | 93,447 |
Investments measured at net asset value (c) | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3 |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 2,336 |  | $ | 97,819 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 100,158 |
(a)Collective and mutual funds invest approximately 37 percent in corporate bonds, 19 percent in common stock of international companies, 16 percent in common stock of large-cap U.S. companies, 9 percent in U.S. Government securities and 19 percent in other investments. (b)The insurance contract invests approximately 58 percent in corporate bonds, 13 percent in common stock of large-cap U.S. companies, 13 percent in U.S. Government securities, 5 percent in common stock of small-cap U.S. companies and 11 percent in other investments. (c)In accordance with ASC 820 - Fair Value Measurements, certain investments that were measured at net asset value per share (or its equivalent) have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the line items presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Nonqualified benefit plans In addition to the qualified defined benefit pension plans reflected in the table at the beginning of this note, the Company also has unfunded, nonqualified defined benefit plans for executive officers and certain key management employees that generally provide for defined benefit payments at age 65 following the employee's retirement or, upon death, to their beneficiaries for a 15-year period. In February 2016, the Company froze the unfunded, nonqualified defined benefit plans to new participants and eliminated benefit increases. Vesting for participants not fully vested was retained. The projected benefit obligation and accumulated benefit obligation for these plans at December 31 were as follows:
| 2022 |  | 2021 |
| (In thousands)
Projected benefit obligation | $ | 74,730 |  | $ | 92,918 |
Accumulated benefit obligation | $ | 74,730 |  | $ | 92,918 |
The components of net periodic benefit cost are included in other income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. These components related to the Company's nonqualified defined benefit plans for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |
| (In thousands)
Components of net periodic benefit cost: |  |  |
Service cost | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 58 |
Interest cost | 2,142 |  | 1,912 |  | 2,606 |
Recognized net actuarial loss | 950 |  | 1,164 |  | 1,192 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 3,092 |  | $ | 3,076 |  | $ | 3,856 |
Weighted average assumptions used at December 31 were as follows:
| 2022 |  | 2021 |
Benefit obligation discount rate | 4.97 | % | 2.39 | %
Benefit obligation rate of compensation increase | N/A | N/A
Net periodic benefit cost discount rate | 2.39 | % | 1.97 | %
Net periodic benefit cost rate of compensation increase | N/A | N/A
The amount of future benefit payments for the unfunded, nonqualified defined benefit plans at December 31, 2022, are expected to aggregate as follows:
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028-2032
| (In thousands)
Nonqualified benefits | $ | 6,651 |  | $ | 7,183 |  | $ | 7,430 |  | $ | 7,537 |  | $ | 7,420 |  | $ | 29,930 |
In 2012, the Company established a nonqualified defined contribution plan for certain key management employees. In 2020, the plan was frozen to new participants and no new Company contributions will be made to the plan after December 31, 2020. Vesting for participants not fully vested was retained. A new nonqualified defined contribution plan was adopted in 2020, effective January 1, 2021, to replace the plan originally established in 2012 with similar provisions. Expenses incurred under these plans for 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $3.3 million, $2.4 million and $1.8 million, respectively. The amount of investments that the Company anticipates using to satisfy obligations under these plans at December 31 was as follows:
| 2022 |  | 2021 |
| (In thousands)
Investments |  |
Insurance contracts* | $ | 98,041 |  | $ | 109,603 |
Life insurance** | 38,448 |  | 38,356 |
Other | 7,361 |  | 10,190 |
Total investments | $ | 143,850 |  | $ | 158,149 |
*For more information on the insurance contracts, see Note 8. **Investments of life insurance are carried on plan participants (payable upon the employee's death). Defined contribution plans The Company sponsors a defined contribution plan for eligible employees and the costs incurred under this plan were $46.4 million in 2022, $45.4 million in 2021 and $50.1 million in 2020. Multiemployer plans The Company contributes to a number of MEPPs under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements that cover its union-represented employees. The risks of participating in these multiemployer plans are different from single-employer plans in the following aspects: •Assets contributed to the MEPP by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers •If a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers •If the Company chooses to stop participating in some of its MEPPs, the Company may be required to pay those plans an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability The Company's participation in these plans is outlined in the following table. Unless otherwise noted, the most recent Pension Protection Act zone status available in 2022 and 2021 is for the plan's year-end at December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. The zone status is based on information that the Company received from the plan and is certified by the plan's actuary. Among other factors, plans in the red zone are generally less than 65 percent funded, plans in the yellow zone are between 65 percent and 80 percent funded, and plans in the green zone are at least 80 percent funded.
| EIN/Pension Plan Number | Pension Protection Act Zone Status | FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented | Contributions | Surcharge Imposed | Expiration Date of Collective Bargaining Agreement |
Pension Fund | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |
|  |  |  |  | (In thousands) |  |  |
Edison Pension Plan | 936061681-001 | Green | Green | No | $ | 18,750 |  | $ | 18,331 |  | $ | 16,121 |  | No | 12/31/2023 |
IBEW Local 212 Pension Trust | 316127280-001 | Green as of 4/30/2021 | Green as of 4/30/2021 | No | 1,622 |  | 1,733 |  | 1,521 |  | No | 6/1/2025 |
IBEW Local 357 Pension Plan A | 886023284-001 | Green | Green | No | 12,876 |  | 6,485 |  | 9,913 |  | No | 5/31/2024 |
IBEW Local 82 Pension Plan | 316127268-001 | Green as of 6/30/2022 | Green as of 6/30/2021 | No | 1,854 |  | 1,353 |  | 1,373 |  | No | 12/3/2023 |
IBEW Local 648 Pension Plan | 316134845-001 | Yellow as of 2/28/2022 | Yellow as of 02/28/2021 | Implemented | 915 |  | 706 |  | 526 |  | No | 9/1/2024 |
IBEW Local 683 Pension Fund Pension Plan | 341442087-001 | Green | Green | No | 3,362 |  | 1,238 |  | 1,240 |  | No | 5/26/2024 |
Idaho Plumbers and Pipefitters Pension Plan | 826010346-001 | Green as of 5/31/2022 | Green as of 5/31/2021 | No | 1,613 |  | 1,528 |  | 1,370 |  | No | 3/31/2023 |
National Electrical Benefit Fund | 530181657-001 | Green | Green | No | 18,060 |  | 14,361 |  | 14,484 |  | No | 5/31/2022- 5/31/2027 | *
Pension and Retirement Plan of Plumbers and Pipefitters Local 525 | 886003864-001 | Green as of 6/30/2022 | Green as of 6/30/2021 | No | 6,304 |  | 4,345 |  | 6,266 |  | No | 9/30/2024 |
Pension Trust Fund for Operating Engineers | 946090764-001 | Yellow | Yellow | Implemented | 2,484 |  | 2,495 |  | 2,680 |  | No | 3/31/2023- 6/15/2026 |
Sheet Metal Workers Pension Plan of Southern CA, AZ, and NV | 956052257-001 | Green | Yellow | Implemented | 3,400 |  | 2,615 |  | 3,255 |  | No | 6/30/2024 |
Western Conference of Teamsters Pension Plan | 916145047-001 | Green | Green | No | 3,127 |  | 3,006 |  | 3,025 |  | No | 12/31/2023- 12/31/2025 |
Other funds |  |  |  |  | 26,909 |  | 24,192 |  | 23,670 |  |  |  |
Total contributions | $ | 101,276 |  | $ | 82,388 |  | $ | 85,444 |  |  |  |
*Plan includes contributions required by collective bargaining agreements which have expired but contain provisions automatically renewing their terms in the absence of a subsequent negotiated agreement. The Company was listed in the plans' Forms 5500 as providing more than 5 percent of the total contributions for the following plans and plan years:
Pension Fund | Year Contributions to Plan Exceeded More Than 5 Percent of Total Contributions (as of December 31 of the Plan's Year-End)
Edison Pension Plan | 2021 and 2020
IBEW Local 82 Pension Plan | 2021 and 2020
IBEW Local 124 Pension Trust Fund | 2021 and 2020
IBEW Local 212 Pension Trust Fund | 2021 and 2020
IBEW Local 357 Pension Plan A | 2021 and 2020
IBEW Local 648 Pension Plan | 2021 and 2020
IBEW Local 683 Pension Fund Pension Plan | 2021 and 2020
IBEW Local Union No 226 Open End Pension Fund | 2020
Idaho Plumbers and Pipefitters Pension Plan | 2021 and 2020
International Union of Operating Engineers Local 701 Pension Trust Fund | 2021 and 2020
Minnesota Teamsters Construction Division Pension Fund | 2021 and 2020
Pension and Retirement Plan of Plumbers and Pipefitters Local 525 | 2021 and 2020
Southwest Marine Pension Trust | 2021 and 2020
The Company also contributes to a number of multiemployer other postretirement plans under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements that cover its union-represented employees. These plans provide benefits such as health insurance, disability insurance and life insurance to retired union employees. Many of the multiemployer other postretirement plans are combined with active multiemployer health and welfare plans. The Company's total contributions to its multiemployer other postretirement plans, which also includes contributions to active multiemployer health and welfare plans, were $81.0 million, $66.1 million and $63.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Amounts contributed in 2022, 2021 and 2020 to defined contribution multiemployer plans were $67.9 million, $54.8 million and $54.2 million, respectively.

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