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Stock-Based Compensation | 9 Months Ended
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Apr. 30, 2016
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Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation The Company has an incentive stock plan under which the Board of Directors may grant nonqualified stock options to purchase shares of Class A Nonvoting Common Stock, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), or restricted and unrestricted shares of Class A Nonvoting Common Stock to employees and non-employee directors. The options issued under the plan have an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock at the date of grant and generally vest over a three-year service period, with one-third becoming exercisable one year after the grant date and one-third additional in each of the succeeding two years. Options issued under the plan, referred to herein as “service-based” stock options, generally expire 10 years from the date of grant. RSUs issued under the plan have an issuance price equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock at the date of grant. The RSUs granted under the plan generally vest over a three-year service period, with one-third becoming exercisable one year after the grant date and one-third additional in each of the succeeding two years. Shares issued under the plan are referred to herein as "service-based" RSUs. As of April 30, 2016, the Company has reserved 4,630,354 shares of Class A Nonvoting Common Stock for outstanding stock options, RSUs, and restricted shares and 2,368,731 shares of Class A Nonvoting Common Stock remain for future issuance of stock options, RSUs, and restricted and unrestricted shares under the active plan. The Company uses treasury stock or will issue new Class A Nonvoting Common Stock to deliver shares under the plan. The Company recognizes the compensation cost of all share-based awards at the time it is deemed probable the award will vest. This cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award. If it is determined that it is unlikely the award will vest, the expense recognized to date for the award is reversed in the period in which this is evident and the remaining expense is not recorded. Total stock-based compensation expense recognized by the Company during the three months ended April 30, 2016 and 2015, was $1,678 ($1,040 net of taxes) and $1,085 ($673 net of taxes), respectively. Expense recognized during the nine months ended April 30, 2016 and 2015, was $6,247 ($3,873 net of taxes) and $3,556 ($2,205 net of taxes), respectively. As of April 30, 2016, total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock-based compensation awards was $17,206 pre-tax, net of estimated forfeitures, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted-average period of 2.6 years. The Company has estimated the fair value of its service-based stock option awards granted during the nine months ended April 30, 2016 and 2015, using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes valuation model are reflected in the following table:
|  | Nine months ended April 30,
Black-Scholes Option Valuation Assumptions |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Expected term (in years) |  | 6.11 |  |  | 6.06 |
Expected volatility |  | 29.95 | % |  | 34.05 | %
Expected dividend yield |  | 2.59 | % |  | 2.48 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  | 1.64 | % |  | 1.91 | %
Weighted-average market value of underlying stock at grant date |  | $ | 20.02 |  |  | $ | 22.73 |
Weighted-average exercise price |  | $ | 20.02 |  |  | $ | 22.73 |
Weighted-average fair value of options granted during the period |  | $ | 4.58 |  |  | $ | 6.12 |
The Company uses historical data regarding stock option exercise behaviors to estimate the expected term of options granted based on the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The expected dividend yield is based on the Company’s historical dividend payments and historical yield. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect on the grant date for the length of time corresponding to the expected term of the option. The market value is calculated as the average of the high and the low stock price on the date of the grant. A summary of stock option activity under the Company’s share-based compensation plans for the nine months ended April 30, 2016 is presented below:
Options |  | Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at July 31, 2015 |  | 3,500,951 |  | $ | 29.64 |  |  |  |  |
New grants |  | 881,744 |  | 20.02 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  | (28,782) |  | 23.04 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited or expired |  | (449,029) |  | 30.90 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at April 30, 2016 |  | 3,904,884 |  | $ | 27.37 |  |  | 5.7 |  | $ | 7,963,025 |
Exercisable at April 30, 2016 |  | 2,679,527 |  | $ | 30.09 |  |  | 4.2 |  | $ | 1,483,578 |
There were 2,679,527 and 2,706,566 options exercisable with a weighted average exercise price of $30.09 and $30.84 at April 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The cash received from the exercise of options during the three months ended April 30, 2016 and 2015 was $610 and $744, respectively. The cash received from the exercise of options during the nine months ended April 30, 2016 and 2015 was $663 and $1,591, respectively. The tax benefit on options exercised during the three months ended April 30, 2016 and 2015 was $37 and $35, respectively. The tax benefit on options exercised during the nine months ended April 30, 2016 and 2015 was $40 and $79, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended April 30, 2016 and 2015, based upon the average market price at the time of exercise during the period, was $105 and $202, respectively. The total fair value of stock options vested during the nine months ended April 30, 2016 and 2015, was $3,193 and $3,909, respectively. The following table summarizes the RSU activity under the Company's share-based compensation plans for the nine months ended April 30, 2016:
Service-Based RSUs |  | Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at July 31, 2015 |  | 677,454 |  |  | $ | 24.72 |
New grants |  | 173,394 |  |  | 20.07 |
Vested |  | (72,164 | ) |  | 25.12 |
Forfeited |  | (53,214 | ) |  | 23.77 |
Outstanding at April 30, 2016 |  | 725,470 |  |  | $ | 23.64 |
The service-based RSUs granted during the nine months ended April 30, 2015 had a weighted-average grant date fair value of $23.59. The aggregate intrinsic value of unvested RSUs expected to vest at April 30, 2016 was $19,218. The total fair value of RSUs vested during the nine months ended April 30, 2016 and 2015, was $1,471 and $805, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 40 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6418621&loc=d3e17540-113929 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=51659978&loc=d3e25284-112666 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5047-113901 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5444-113901 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 14 + Details
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