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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Summary of Domestic and Foreign Pre-tax Loss | Domestic and foreign pre-tax loss is as follows (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Domestic |  |  | (78,112 | ) |  | $ | (45,249 | ) |  | $ | (18,419 | )
Foreign |  |  | (165,824 | ) |  |  | (243,035 | ) |  |  | (251,633 | )
|  |  | (243,936 | ) |  | $ | (288,284 | ) |  | $ | (270,052 | )
Components of Deferred Tax Assets | The components of the deferred tax assets are as follows (in thousands):
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
NOL carryforwards |  | $ | 170,476 |  |  | $ | 163,059 |
R&D credit carryforwards |  |  | 32,984 |  |  |  | 27,862 |
Capitalized R&D |  |  | 7,421 |  |  |  | 5,606 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 45,492 |  |  |  | 30,986 |
Other |  |  | 14,750 |  |  |  | 10,110 |
|  |  | 271,123 |  |  |  | 237,623 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (271,123 | ) |  |  | (237,623 | )
|  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Reconciliation of Income Taxes to Amount Computed by Applying Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate to Pretax Loss | A reconciliation of income taxes to the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to the pretax loss is summarized as follows (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Amounts computed at statutory federal rate |  | $ | (51,226 | ) |  | $ | (98,016 | ) |  | $ | (91,818 | )
Stock-based compensation and other permanent differences |  |  | 3,432 |  |  |  | 1,341 |  |  |  | 3,065 |
R&D credits |  |  | (7,941 | ) |  |  | (5,573 | ) |  |  | (3,390 | )
Change in valuation allowance |  |  | 34,333 |  |  |  | (28,230 | ) |  |  | 27,583 |
State taxes |  |  | (1,017 | ) |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | 272 |
Contingencies |  |  | 2,938 |  |  |  | 360 |  |  |  | 361 |
Foreign rate differential |  |  | 20,896 |  |  |  | 61,480 |  |  |  | 64,065 |
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act |  |  | — |  |  |  | 68,889 |  |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | (159 | ) |  |  | 894 |  |  |  | 1,203 |
Income tax expense |  | $ | 1,256 |  |  | $ | 1,119 |  |  | $ | 1,341 |
Unrecognized Tax Benefits | The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 1,933 |  |  | $ | 2,664 |  |  | $ | 2,301 |
Additions related to current period tax positions |  |  | 3,104 |  |  |  | 361 |  |  |  | 363 |
Provisional impact of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,092 | ) |  |  | — |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 5,037 |  |  | $ | 1,933 |  |  | $ | 2,664 |

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