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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of Domestic and Foreign Pre-tax Loss

Domestic and foreign pre-tax loss is as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2018

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

Domestic

 

 

(78,112

)

 

$

(45,249

)

 

$

(18,419

)

Foreign

 

 

(165,824

)

 

 

(243,035

)

 

 

(251,633

)

 

 

 

(243,936

)

 

$

(288,284

)

 

$

(270,052

)

Components of Deferred Tax Assets

The components of the deferred tax assets are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2018

 

 

2017

 

NOL carryforwards

 

$

170,476

 

 

$

163,059

 

R&D credit carryforwards

 

 

32,984

 

 

 

27,862

 

Capitalized R&D

 

 

7,421

 

 

 

5,606

 

Stock-based compensation

 

 

45,492

 

 

 

30,986

 

Other

 

 

14,750

 

 

 

10,110

 

 

 

 

271,123

 

 

 

237,623

 

Valuation allowance

 

 

(271,123

)

 

 

(237,623

)

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

Reconciliation of Income Taxes to Amount Computed by Applying Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate to Pretax Loss

A reconciliation of income taxes to the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to the pretax loss is summarized as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2018

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

Amounts computed at statutory federal rate

 

$

(51,226

)

 

$

(98,016

)

 

$

(91,818

)

Stock-based compensation and other permanent differences

 

 

3,432

 

 

 

1,341

 

 

 

3,065

 

R&D credits

 

 

(7,941

)

 

 

(5,573

)

 

 

(3,390

)

Change in valuation allowance

 

 

34,333

 

 

 

(28,230

)

 

 

27,583

 

State taxes

 

 

(1,017

)

 

 

(26

)

 

 

272

 

Contingencies

 

 

2,938

 

 

 

360

 

 

 

361

 

Foreign rate differential

 

 

20,896

 

 

 

61,480

 

 

 

64,065

 

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

 

 

 

 

 

68,889

 

 

 

 

Other

 

 

(159

)

 

 

894

 

 

 

1,203

 

Income tax expense

 

$

1,256

 

 

$

1,119

 

 

$

1,341

 

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):

 

 

 

Years Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2018

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

Balance at beginning of period

 

$

1,933

 

 

$

2,664

 

 

$

2,301

 

Additions related to current period tax positions

 

 

3,104

 

 

 

361

 

 

 

363

 

Provisional impact of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

 

 

 

 

 

(1,092

)

 

 

 

Balance at end of period

 

$

5,037

 

 

$

1,933

 

 

$

2,664