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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: March 31, 2024
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-35764

PBF ENERGY INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 45-3763855
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One Sylvan Way, Second Floor |
Parsippany | New Jersey | 07054
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

(973) 455-7500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock | par value $.001 | PBF | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☑ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
As of April 26, 2024, PBF Energy Inc. had 118,563,971 shares of Class A common stock and 12 shares of Class B common stock outstanding.

PBF ENERGY INC.
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS | 3
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
|  | ITEM 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
|  |  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 202 4 and December 31, 202 3 | 6
|  |  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 202 4 and 202 3 | 7
|  |  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 202 4 and 20 23 | 8
|  |  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the three months ended March 31, 202 4 and 202 3 | 9
|  |  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 202 4 and 202 3 | 10
|  |  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 12
|  | ITEM 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 33
|  | ITEM 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 54
|  | ITEM 4. | Controls and Procedures | 56
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION |
|  | ITEM 1. | Legal Proceedings | 57
|  | ITEM 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 60
|  | ITEM 5. | Other Information | 61
|  | ITEM 6. | Exhibits | 62
SIGNATURES | 63

EXPLANATORY NOTE
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is filed by PBF Energy Inc. (“PBF Energy”) which is a holding company whose primary asset is an equity interest in PBF Energy Company LLC (“PBF LLC”). PBF Energy is the sole managing member of, and owner of an equity interest representing approximately 99.3% of the outstanding economic interests in PBF LLC as of March 31, 2024. PBF Energy operates and controls all of the business and affairs and consolidates the financial results of PBF LLC and its subsidiaries. PBF LLC is a holding company for the companies that directly and indirectly own and operate our business. PBF Holding Company LLC (“PBF Holding”) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of PBF LLC and is the parent company for our refining operations. PBF Finance Corporation is a wholly-owned subsidiary of PBF Holding. PBF Logistics LP (“PBFX”) is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of PBF Energy and PBF LLC that owns and operates logistics assets that support our refining operations. Collectively, PBF Energy and its consolidated subsidiaries, including PBF LLC, PBF Holding, and PBFX are referred to hereinafter as the “Company” unless the context otherwise requires.
2

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain “forward-looking statements”, as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PSLRA”), of expected future developments that involve risks and uncertainties. You can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “should,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates” or similar expressions that relate to our strategy, plans, or intentions. All statements we make relating to our estimated and projected earnings, margins, costs, expenditures, cash flows, growth rates and financial results or to our strategies, objectives, intentions, resources, and expectations regarding future industry trends are forward-looking statements made under the safe harbor provisions of the PSLRA except to the extent such statements relate to the operations of a partnership or limited liability company. In addition, we, through our senior management, from time to time make forward-looking public statements concerning our expected future operations and performance and other developments. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may change at any time, and, therefore, our actual results may differ materially from those that we expected. We derive many of our forward-looking statements from our operating budgets and forecasts, which are based on many detailed assumptions. While we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, we caution that it is very difficult to predict the impact of known factors, and, of course, it is impossible for us to anticipate all factors that could affect our actual results.
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations, which we refer to as “cautionary statements,” are disclosed under “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 of PBF Energy, which we refer to as our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in our other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). All forward-looking information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements. Some of the factors that we believe could affect our results include:
•supply, demand, prices and other market conditions for our products or crude oil, including volatility in commodity prices or constraints arising from federal, state, or local governmental actions or environmental and/or social activists that reduce crude oil production or availability in the regions in which we operate our pipelines and facilities;
•rate of inflation and its impacts on supply and demand, pricing, and supply chain disruption;
•the effects related to, or resulting from, geopolitical conflict around the world, including Russia’s military action in Ukraine, the outbreak of armed hostilities in the middle east and disruptions in international shipping, resulting from ongoing attacks by armed groups on cargo ships in the Red Sea, including the imposition of additional sanctions and export controls, the potential expansion of such conflicts to other nations or regions, as well as the broader impacts to financial markets and the global macroeconomic and geopolitical environment;
•the effectiveness of our crude oil sourcing strategies, including our crude by rail strategy and related commitments;
•our obligation to buy Renewable Identification Numbers (“RINs”) and market risks related to the volatility in the price of RINs required to comply with the Renewable Fuel Standard (“RFS”) and greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emission credits required to comply with various GHG emission programs, such as Assembly Bill 32 (“AB 32”);
•our ability to operate our businesses efficiently, manage capital expenditures and costs (including general and administrative expenses) and generate earnings and cash flow;
•our expectations with respect to our capital spending and turnaround projects;
3

•the impact of current and future laws, rulings, and governmental regulations, including restrictions on the exploration and/or production of crude oil in the state of California, the implementation of rules and regulations regarding transportation of crude oil by rail or in response to the potential impacts of climate change, decarbonization and future energy transition and public policy in opposition to recent refining industry profits;
•adverse impacts related to legislation by the federal government lifting the restrictions on exporting U.S. crude oil or subjecting us to trade and sanctions laws, which change frequently as a result of foreign policy developments, and which may necessitate changes to our crude oil acquisition activities;
•our ability to manage our costs and expenses;
•political pressure and influence of environmental groups and other stakeholders on decisions and policies related to the refining and processing of crude oil and refined products, and the related adverse impacts from changes in our regulatory environment, such as the effects of compliance with AB 32, or from actions taken by environmental interest groups;
•the risk of cyber-attacks;
•our increased dependence on technology;
•the effects of competition in our markets;
•the possibility that we might reduce or not pay dividends in the future;
•the inability of our subsidiaries to freely make distributions to us;
•our ability to make acquisitions or investments, including in renewable diesel production, and to realize the benefits from such acquisitions or investments;
•our ability to successfully manage the operations of our 50-50 equity method investment, St. Bernard Renewables LLC (“SBR”), which owns the biorefinery co-located with our Chalmette refinery in Louisiana (the “Renewable Diesel Facility”), together with our partner, Eni Sustainable Mobility US Inc., a subsidiary of Eni SpA (“Eni”);
•liabilities arising from recent acquisitions or investments, that are unforeseen or exceed our expectations;
•our expectations and timing with respect to our acquisition and investment activity and whether such acquisitions and investments are accretive or dilutive to shareholders;
•adverse developments in our relationship with both our key employees and unionized employees;
•our indebtedness, including the impact of potential downgrades to our corporate credit rating and/or unsecured notes;
•changes in currency exchange rates, interest rates and capital costs;
•restrictive covenants in our indebtedness that may adversely affect our operational flexibility;
•counterparty credit and performance risk exposure related to our supply and inventory intermediation arrangements, if any;
•payments by PBF Energy to the current and former holders of PBF LLC Series A Units and PBF LLC Series B Units, or their permitted assignees, under PBF Energy’s tax receivable agreement entered with the PBF LLC Series A and PBF LLC Series B unitholders (the “Tax Receivable Agreement”) for certain tax benefits we may claim;
4

•our assumptions regarding payments arising under PBF Energy’s Tax Receivable Agreement and other arrangements relating to our organizational structure are subject to change due to various factors, including, among other factors, the timing of exchanges of PBF LLC Series A Units for shares of PBF Energy Class A common stock as contemplated by the Tax Receivable Agreement, the price of PBF Energy Class A common stock at the time of such exchanges, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable, and the amount and timing of our income; and
•the impact of disruptions to crude or feedstock supply to any of our refineries or our Renewable Diesel Facility, or with third-party logistics infrastructure or operations, including pipeline, marine and rail transportation.
We caution you that the foregoing list of important factors may not contain all of the material factors that are important to you. In addition, in light of these risks and uncertainties, the matters referred to in the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not in fact occur. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on those statements.
Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, we do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing.
5

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
PBF ENERGY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited, in millions, except share and per share data)

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,441.5 |  |  | $ | 1,783.5 |
Accounts receivable | 1,179.1 |  |  | 1,362.5 |
Inventories | 2,891.3 |  |  | 3,183.1 |
Prepaid and other current assets | 310.1 |  |  | 267.5 |
Total current assets | 5,822.0 |  |  | 6,596.6 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 4,993.6 |  |  | 4,978.1 |
Equity method investment in SBR | 879.9 |  |  | 881.0 |
Lease right of use assets | 836.4 |  |  | 789.1 |
Deferred charges and other assets, net | 1,276.3 |  |  | 1,143.0 |
Total assets | $ | 13,808.2 |  |  | $ | 14,387.8 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 960.6 |  |  | $ | 959.0 |
Accrued expenses | 2,451.3 |  |  | 3,020.0 |
Payable pursuant to Tax Receivable Agreement | 121.8 |  |  | 43.0 |
Deferred revenue | 75.0 |  |  | 64.1 |
Current operating lease liabilities | 172.5 |  |  | 131.2 |
Total current liabilities | 3,781.2 |  |  | 4,217.3 |
Long-term debt | 1,248.6 |  |  | 1,245.9 |
Payable pursuant to Tax Receivable Agreement | 170.0 |  |  | 293.6 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 1,078.5 |  |  | 1,073.3 |
Long-term operating lease liabilities | 619.7 |  |  | 608.8 |
Long-term financing lease liabilities | 43.2 |  |  | 46.1 |
Other long-term liabilities | 268.8 |  |  | 271.5 |
Total liabilities | 7,210.0 |  |  | 7,756.5 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6) |  |  |
Equity: |  |  |
PBF Energy Inc. equity |  |  |
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized, 119,044,383 shares outstanding at March 31, 2024, 120,440,620 shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Class B common stock, $0.001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 12 shares outstanding at March 31, 2024, 12 shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 | — |  |  | — |
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, no shares outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | — |  |  | — |
Treasury stock, at cost, 26,305,891 shares outstanding at March 31, 2024 and 23,419,532 shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 | (1,010.8) |  |  | (868.2) |
Additional paid in capital | 3,311.7 |  |  | 3,278.8 |
Retained earnings | 4,166.7 |  |  | 4,089.9 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (11.8) |  |  | (12.3) |
Total PBF Energy Inc. equity | 6,455.9 |  |  | 6,488.3 |
Noncontrolling interest | 142.3 |  |  | 143.0 |
Total equity | 6,598.2 |  |  | 6,631.3 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 13,808.2 |  |  | $ | 14,387.8 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

PBF ENERGY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited, in millions, except share and per share data)

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Revenues |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,645.6 |  |  | $ | 9,295.0 |
Cost and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of products and other |  |  |  |  | 7,597.9 |  |  | 7,795.3 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense as reflected below) |  |  |  |  | 688.1 |  |  | 781.4 |
Depreciation and amortization expense |  |  |  |  | 141.4 |  |  | 141.9 |
Cost of sales |  |  |  |  | 8,427.4 |  |  | 8,718.6 |
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense as reflected below) |  |  |  |  | 63.2 |  |  | 60.0 |
Depreciation and amortization expense |  |  |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 1.9 |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration, net |  |  |  |  | (3.3) |  |  | (16.3) |
Equity loss in investee |  |  |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | — |
Loss on formation of SBR equity method investment |  |  |  |  | 8.7 |  |  | — |
Loss (gain) on sale of assets |  |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | (1.6) |
Total cost and expenses |  |  |  |  | 8,500.5 |  |  | 8,762.6 |
Income from operations |  |  |  |  | 145.1 |  |  | 532.4 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense (net of interest income of $17.8 million and $17.2 million, respectively) |  |  |  |  | (10.5) |  |  | (18.7) |
Change in fair value of catalyst obligations |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |
Other non-service components of net periodic benefit cost |  |  |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0.3 |
Other expense |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (2.3) |
Income before income taxes |  |  |  |  | 135.2 |  |  | 512.4 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  | 27.7 |  |  | 126.5 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | 107.5 |  |  | 385.9 |
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 3.8 |
Net income attributable to PBF Energy Inc. stockholders |  |  |  |  | $ | 106.6 |  |  | $ | 382.1 |
Weighted-average shares of Class A common stock outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  | 119,864,653 |  |  | 128,787,779 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  | 124,670,049 |  |  | 134,499,277 |
Net income available to Class A common stock per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.89 |  |  | $ | 2.97 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.86 |  |  | $ | 2.86 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
7

PBF ENERGY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(unaudited, in millions)

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income |  |  |  |  | $ | 107.5 |  |  | $ | 385.9 |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain on available for sale securities |  |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.4 |
Net gain on pension and other post-retirement benefits |  |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | — |
Total other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.4 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  | 108.0 |  |  | 386.3 |
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 3.8 |
Comprehensive income attributable to PBF Energy Inc. stockholders |  |  |  |  | $ | 107.1 |  |  | $ | 382.5 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
8

PBF ENERGY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(unaudited, in millions, except share and per share data)

| Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Treasury Stock | Noncontrolling Interest | Total Equity
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount
Balance, December 31, 2023 | 120,440,620 |  | $ | 0.1 |  | 12 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3,278.8 |  | $ | 4,089.9 |  | $ | (12.3) |  | 23,419,532 |  | $ | (868.2) |  | $ | 143.0 |  | $ | 6,631.3 |
Comprehensive income | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 106.6 |  | 0.5 |  | — |  | — |  | 0.9 |  | 108.0 |
Distributions to PBF Energy Company LLC members | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1.0) |  | (1.0) |
Dividends ($0.25 per common share) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (29.8) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (29.8) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 8.4 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 8.4 |
Transactions in connection with stock-based compensation plans | 1,490,122 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 23.9 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 23.9 |
Exchange of PBF Energy Company LLC Series A Units for PBF Energy Class A common stock | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 0.6 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (0.6) |  | — |
Treasury stock purchases | (2,886,359) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,886,359 |  | (142.6) |  | — |  | (142.6) |
Balance, March 31, 2024 | 119,044,383 |  | $ | 0.1 |  | 12 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3,311.7 |  | $ | 4,166.7 |  | $ | (11.8) |  | 26,305,891 |  | $ | (1,010.8) |  | $ | 142.3 |  | $ | 6,598.2 |
Balance, December 31, 2022 | 129,639,307 |  | $ | 0.1 |  | 13 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3,201.6 |  | $ | 2,056.0 |  | $ | (1.5) |  | 10,937,916 |  | $ | (327.0) |  | $ | 126.8 |  | $ | 5,056.0 |
Comprehensive income | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 382.1 |  | 0.4 |  | — |  | — |  | 3.8 |  | 386.3 |
Distributions to PBF Energy Company LLC members | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (0.2) |  | (0.2) |
Dividends ($0.20 per common share) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (26.0) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (26.0) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 6.5 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 6.5 |
Transactions in connection with stock-based compensation plans | 966,660 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 14.4 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 14.4 |
Treasury stock purchases | (4,062,110) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 0.6 |  | — |  | — |  | 4,062,110 |  | (169.4) |  | — |  | (168.8) |
Other | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 0.1 |
Balance, March 31, 2023 | 126,543,857 |  | $ | 0.1 |  | 13 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3,223.2 |  | $ | 2,412.1 |  | $ | (1.1) |  | 15,000,026 |  | $ | (496.4) |  | $ | 130.4 |  | $ | 5,268.3 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
9

PBF ENERGY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited, in millions)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 107.5 |  |  | $ | 385.9 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 148.5 |  |  | 150.1 |
Stock-based compensation | 12.4 |  |  | 9.2 |
Change in fair value of catalyst obligations | — |  |  | (0.7) |
Deferred income taxes | 5.2 |  |  | 42.4 |
Non-cash change in inventory repurchase obligations | — |  |  | (4.2) |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration, net | (3.3) |  |  | (16.3) |
Pension and other post-retirement benefit costs | 13.0 |  |  | 12.0 |
Loss from equity method investment | 0.8 |  |  | — |
Loss on formation of SBR equity method investment | 8.7 |  |  | — |
Loss (gain) on sale of assets | 0.5 |  |  | (1.6) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 183.3 |  |  | 272.3 |
Inventories | 291.9 |  |  | (91.3) |
Prepaid and other current assets | (42.7) |  |  | (93.8) |
Accounts payable | (28.9) |  |  | (102.4) |
Accrued expenses | (639.9) |  |  | (149.1) |
Deferred revenue | 10.8 |  |  | 33.5 |
Payment related to Tax Receivable Agreement | (44.8) |  |  | — |
Other assets and liabilities | (7.2) |  |  | (8.4) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 15.8 |  |  | $ | 437.6 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Expenditures for property, plant, and equipment | (139.6) |  |  | (239.8) |
Expenditures for deferred turnaround costs | (140.6) |  |  | (127.7) |
Expenditures for other assets | (4.5) |  |  | (15.6) |
Proceeds from sale of assets | — |  |  | 4.4 |
Equity method investment - return of capital | 0.3 |  |  | — |
Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (284.4) |  |  | $ | (378.7) |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
10

PBF ENERGY INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
(unaudited, in millions)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Dividend payments | $ | (29.6) |  |  | $ | (25.8) |
Distributions to PBF Energy Company LLC members other than PBF Energy | (0.9) |  |  | (0.2) |
Redemption of PBFX 2023 Senior Notes | — |  |  | (525.0) |
Payments on financing leases | (3.0) |  |  | (2.9) |
Proceeds from insurance premium financing | 78.2 |  |  | 61.2 |
Transactions in connection with stock-based compensation plans, net | 7.0 |  |  | 14.4 |
Share repurchases of PBF Energy’s Class A common stock | (125.0) |  |  | (167.6) |
Deferred financing costs and other, net | (0.1) |  |  | (0.5) |
Net cash used in financing activities | $ | (73.4) |  |  | $ | (646.4) |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | (342.0) |  |  | (587.5) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 1,783.5 |  |  | 2,203.6 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 1,441.5 |  |  | $ | 1,616.1 |
Supplemental cash flow disclosures |  |  |
Non-cash activities: |  |  |
Accrued and unpaid capital expenditures | $ | 159.0 |  |  | $ | 171.2 |
Assets acquired or remeasured under operating and financing leases | 124.8 |  |  | 51.4 |
Contribution of assets to SBR equity method investment | (8.7) |  |  | — |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |
Interest (net of capitalized interest of $5.2 million and $12.7 million in 2024 and 2023, respectively) | $ | 46.3 |  |  | $ | 32.0 |
Income taxes | 0.1 |  |  | 3.5 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
11

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Description of the Business
PBF Energy Inc. (“PBF Energy”) is the sole managing member of PBF Energy Company LLC (“PBF LLC”), with a controlling interest in PBF LLC and its subsidiaries. PBF Energy consolidates the financial results of PBF LLC and its subsidiaries and records a noncontrolling interest in its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements representing the economic interests of PBF LLC’s members other than PBF Energy (refer to “Note 7 - Equity”).
PBF Energy holds a 99.3% economic interest in PBF LLC as of March 31, 2024 through its ownership of PBF LLC Series C Units, which are held solely by PBF Energy. Holders of PBF LLC Series A Units, which are held by parties other than PBF Energy (“the members of PBF LLC other than PBF Energy”), hold the remaining 0.7% economic interest in PBF LLC. In addition, the amended and restated limited liability company agreement of PBF LLC provides that any PBF LLC Series A Units acquired by PBF Energy will automatically be reclassified as PBF LLC Series C Units in connection with such acquisition. PBF LLC, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, owns and operates oil refineries and related facilities in North America. Additionally, PBF LLC, together with its subsidiaries, own an interest in an equity method investment that owns and operates a biorefinery co-located with the Chalmette refinery in Louisiana (the “Renewable Diesel Facility”).
Collectively, PBF Energy and its consolidated subsidiaries, are referred to hereinafter as the “Company” unless the context otherwise requires.
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial information furnished herein reflects all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) which are, in the opinion of management, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the periods presented. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the PBF Energy financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” The amendments in this ASU improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. An entity may apply the amendments in this ASU retrospectively. The Company’s adoption of this guidance will result in additional disclosure requirements but is not anticipated to have a significant impact on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
12

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” which focuses on the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU No. 2023-09 requires a public business entity to disclose, on an annual basis, a tabular rate reconciliation using both percentages and currency amounts, broken out into specified categories with certain reconciling items further broken out by nature and jurisdiction to the extent those items exceed a specified threshold. In addition, all entities are required to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds received disaggregated by federal, state/local, and foreign and by jurisdiction if the amount is at least 5% of total income tax payments, net of refunds received. For public business entities, the new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. An entity may apply the amendments in this ASU prospectively or retrospectively. The Company’s adoption of this guidance will result in additional disclosure requirements but is not anticipated to have a significant impact on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
2. INVENTORIES
Inventories consisted of the following:

(in millions) |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Crude oil and feedstocks |  | $ | 1,391.9 |  |  | $ | 1,495.4 |
Refined products and blendstocks |  | 1,346.3 |  |  | 1,536.5 |
Warehouse stock and other |  | 153.1 |  |  | 151.2 |
|  | 2,891.3 |  |  | 3,183.1 |
Lower of cost or market adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |
Total inventories |  | $ | 2,891.3 |  |  | $ | 3,183.1 |

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 there was no lower of cost or market adjustment recorded as the replacement value of inventories exceeded the last-in, first-out carrying value.
13

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
3. ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

(in millions) | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Inventory-related accruals | $ | 1,201.7 |  |  | $ | 1,716.2 |
Renewable energy credit and emissions obligations (a) | 460.4 |  |  | 429.8 |
Excise and sales tax payable | 171.3 |  |  | 137.8 |
Accrued transportation costs | 159.2 |  |  | 170.5 |
Accrued salaries and benefits | 72.6 |  |  | 187.3 |
Accrued capital expenditures | 69.1 |  |  | 85.5 |
Accrued utilities | 64.7 |  |  | 71.0 |
Accrued refinery maintenance and support costs | 54.5 |  |  | 60.2 |
Accrued purchases - SBR | 27.0 |  |  | 28.3 |
Contingent consideration | 18.3 |  |  | 21.6 |
Environmental liabilities | 13.7 |  |  | 16.6 |
Current finance lease liabilities | 12.0 |  |  | 12.2 |
Accrued interest | 7.9 |  |  | 32.4 |
Other | 118.9 |  |  | 50.6 |
Total accrued expenses | $ | 2,451.3 |  |  | $ | 3,020.0 |

_____________________
(a) The Company is subject to obligations to purchase Renewable Identification Numbers (“RINs”) required to comply with the Renewable Fuel Standard. The Company’s overall RINs obligation is based on a percentage of domestic shipments of on-road fuels as established by Environmental Protection Agency. To the degree the Company is unable to blend the required amount of biofuels to satisfy its RINs obligation, RINs must be purchased on the open market to avoid penalties and fines. The Company records its RINs obligation on a net basis in Accrued expenses when its RINs liability is greater than the amount of RINs earned and purchased in a given period and in Prepaid and other current assets when the amount of RINs earned and purchased is greater than the RINs liability. In addition, the Company is subject to obligations to comply with federal and state legislative and regulatory measures, including regulations in the state of California pursuant to Assembly Bill 32 (“AB 32”), to address environmental compliance and greenhouse gas and other emissions. These requirements include incremental costs to operate and maintain our facilities as well as to implement and manage new emission controls and programs. Renewable energy credit and emissions obligations fluctuate with the volume of applicable product sales and timing of credit purchases. From time to time, the Company enters into forward purchase commitments in order to acquire its renewable energy and emissions credits at fixed prices. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had forward purchase commitments in excess of total accrued renewable energy and emissions obligations. The Company’s RIN obligations will be settled in accordance with established regulatory deadlines. The Company’s current AB 32 liability is part of an ongoing triennial period program which will be settled in 2024.
14

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
4. CREDIT FACILITIES AND DEBT
Debt outstanding consisted of the following:

(in millions) |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
6.00% senior unsecured notes due 2028 (“2028 Senior Notes”) |  | $ | 801.6 |  |  | $ | 801.6 |
7.875% senior unsecured notes due 2030 (“2030 Senior Notes”) |  | 500.0 |  |  | 500.0 |
Revolving Credit Facility |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | 1,301.6 |  |  | 1,301.6 |
Unamortized discount |  | (3.1) |  |  | (3.2) |
Unamortized deferred financing costs |  | (49.9) |  |  | (52.5) |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 1,248.6 |  |  | $ | 1,245.9 |

As of March 31, 2024, the Company is in compliance with all covenants, including financial covenants, in all its debt agreements.
5. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Transactions and agreements with St. Bernard Renewables LLC (“SBR”)
The Company and its subsidiaries have entered into various agreements with SBR, in which it has a 50% equity investment, but does not control. In connection with the commencement of operations at SBR, the Company has provided limited financial performance guarantees to certain of SBR’s third-party suppliers for various commercial transactions, primarily for the purchase of feedstock inventory. Although the Company does not currently expect to perform under such guarantees, it is entitled to certain indemnification protections from Eni in the event that it is required to perform.
Commercial and other transactions
PBF Holding Company LLC (“PBF Holding”) has entered into commercial agreements with SBR for the purchase and sale of RINs and Low Carbon Fuel Standard (“LCFS”) credits.
The Agreement for the Sale and Purchase of Renewable Identification Numbers was initiated on June 1, 2023, and the Leadership for Energy Automated Processing Master Agreement for Purchasing and Selling of LCFS credits was initiated on August 1, 2023. Both agreements had initial terms of three months. Upon the expiration of the initial terms, both agreements have been, and will continue to be, automatically renewed for successive three-month periods, unless earlier terminated by the Company or SBR via written notice.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company had total sales to SBR of $5.0 million, which are included in revenues, that consist primarily of refined product sales. The Company also had purchases from SBR of $91.2 million primarily related to the commercial agreements described above for environmental credits and hydrocarbon products, included in Cost of products and other.
Operating Agreement
The Company entered into an operation and management services and secondment agreement (the “Operating Agreement”) with SBR in June 2023, pursuant to which the Company provides SBR with the personnel necessary for SBR to operate so that it may perform its obligations under the commercial agreements. The Company charges SBR a fixed operating fee under the agreement and SBR reimburses the Company for the use of employees and the provision of certain infrastructure-related services to the extent applicable to its operations.
15

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company received total fees of $35.3 million under the Operating Agreement.
Additionally, the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets include $40.4 million and $27.0 million recorded within Accounts receivable and Accrued expenses, respectively, related to transactions with SBR as of March 31, 2024 ($22.1 million and $28.3 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023).
6. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
In the ordinary conduct of the Company’s business, the Company is from time to time subject to lawsuits, investigations, and claims, including class action proceedings, mass tort actions, tort actions, environmental claims, and employee-related matters. The outcome of these matters cannot always be predicted accurately, but the Company accrues liabilities for these matters if the Company has determined that it is probable a loss has been incurred and the loss can be reasonably estimated. For such ongoing matters for which we have not recorded a liability but losses are reasonably possible, we are unable to estimate a range of possible losses at this time due to various reasons that may include but are not limited to, matters being in an early stage and not fully developed through pleadings, discovery or court proceedings, number of potential claimants being unknown or uncertainty regarding a number of different factors underlying the potential claims. However, the ultimate resolution of one or more of these contingencies could result in an adverse outcome that may have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Environmental Matters
The Company’s refineries, pipelines and related operations are subject to extensive and frequently changing federal, state and local laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, those relating to the discharge of materials into the environment or that otherwise relate to the protection of the environment (including in response to the potential impacts of climate change), waste management and the characteristics and the compositions of fuels. Compliance with existing and anticipated laws and regulations can increase the overall cost of operating the refineries, including remediation, operating costs, and capital costs to construct, maintain and upgrade equipment and facilities.
These laws and permits raise potential exposure to future claims and lawsuits involving environmental and safety matters which could include soil and water contamination, air pollution, personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by substances which the Company manufactured, handled, used, released, or disposed of, transported, or that relate to pre-existing conditions for which the Company has assumed responsibility. The Company believes that its current operations are in compliance with existing environmental and safety requirements. However, there have been and will continue to be ongoing discussions about environmental and safety matters between the Company and federal and state authorities, including notices of violations, citations, and other enforcement actions, some of which have resulted or may result in changes to operating procedures and in capital expenditures. While it is often difficult to quantify future environmental or safety related expenditures, the Company anticipates that continuing capital investments and changes in operating procedures will be required for the foreseeable future to comply with existing and new requirements, as well as evolving interpretations and more strict enforcement of existing laws and regulations.
In connection with the acquisition of the Torrance refinery and related logistics assets, the Company assumed certain pre-existing environmental liabilities. The estimated costs related to these remediation obligations totaled $112.8 million as of March 31, 2024 ($114.9 million as of December 31, 2023) and related primarily to remediation obligations to address existing soil and groundwater contamination and the related monitoring and clean-up activities. Costs related to these obligations are reassessed periodically or when changes to our remediation approach are identified. The current portion of the environmental liability is recorded in Accrued expenses and the non-current portion is recorded in Other long-term liabilities.
16

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The aggregate environmental liability reflected in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was $156.7 million and $157.8 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, of which $143.0 million and $141.2 million, respectively, were classified as Other long-term liabilities. These liabilities include remediation and monitoring costs expected to be incurred over an extended period of time. Estimated liabilities could increase in the future when the results of ongoing investigations become known, are considered probable and can be reasonably estimated.
Contingent Consideration
In connection with the acquisition of the Martinez refinery and related logistics assets, the sale and purchase agreement dated June 11, 2019 included an earn-out provision based on certain earnings thresholds of the Martinez refinery. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company will make payments to Equilon Enterprises LLC d/b/a Shell Oil Products US, based on future earnings at the Martinez refinery in excess of certain thresholds, as defined in the agreement, for a period of up to four years following the acquisition closing date (the “Martinez Contingent Consideration”). The fair value of this final earn-out payment was estimated to be $18.3 million as of March 31, 2024, ($21.6 million as of December 31, 2023) and was recorded within Accrued expenses.
Tax Receivable Agreement
PBF Energy entered into a tax receivable agreement with the PBF LLC Series A and PBF LLC Series B unitholders (the “Tax Receivable Agreement”) that provides for the payment by PBF Energy to such persons of an amount equal to 85% of the amount of the benefits, if any, that PBF Energy is deemed to realize as a result of (i) increases in tax basis, as described below, and (ii) certain other tax benefits related to entering into the Tax Receivable Agreement, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. For purposes of the Tax Receivable Agreement, the benefits deemed realized by PBF Energy will be computed by comparing the actual income tax liability of PBF Energy (calculated with certain assumptions) to the amount of such taxes that PBF Energy would have been required to pay had there been no increase to the tax basis of the assets of PBF LLC as a result of purchases or exchanges of PBF LLC Series A Units for shares of PBF Energy Class A common stock and had PBF Energy not entered into the Tax Receivable Agreement. The term of the Tax Receivable Agreement will continue until all such tax benefits have been utilized or expired unless: (i) PBF Energy exercises its right to terminate the Tax Receivable Agreement, (ii) PBF Energy breaches any of its material obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement or (iii) certain changes of control occur, in which case all obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement will generally be accelerated and due as calculated under certain assumptions.
The payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement are obligations of PBF Energy and not of any of its subsidiaries. In general, PBF Energy expects to obtain funding for these annual payments from PBF LLC, primarily through tax distributions, which PBF LLC makes on a pro-rata basis to its owners. Such owners include PBF Energy, which holds a 99.3% interest in PBF LLC as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. PBF LLC generally obtains funding to pay its tax distributions by causing PBF Holding to distribute cash to PBF LLC and from distributions it receives from PBFX Logistics LP (“PBFX”).
As of March 31, 2024, PBF Energy recognized a liability of $291.8 million related to the Tax Receivable Agreement obligation, of which $121.8 million was recorded as a current liability and represents the Company’s best estimate of payments to be made within a year. As of December 31, 2023 PBF Energy recognized a liability of $336.6 million, of which $43.0 million was recorded as a current liability and paid in January 2024 related to the 2022 tax year. These liabilities reflect the estimate of the undiscounted amounts that PBF Energy expects to pay under the agreement, net of the impact of any deferred tax asset valuation allowance recognized in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board, Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 740, Income Taxes. As future taxable income is recognized, increases in PBF Energy’s Tax Receivable Agreement liability may be necessary in conjunction with the revaluation of deferred tax assets. Refer to “Note 10 - Income Taxes” for more details.
17

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Legal Matters
On November 24, 2022, the Martinez refinery, owned and operated by Martinez Refinery Company LLC, experienced a spent catalyst release that is currently being investigated by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (“BAAQMD”), Contra Costa County (“CCC”), the Department of Justice and the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), and the California Department of Fish and Game (“DFG”). To date, the BAAQMD has issued 35 NOVs, the CCC has issued two NOVs, and the DFG has made findings relating to the spent catalyst incident. On July 11, 2023 and October 6, 2023, the Martinez refinery experienced unintentional releases of petroleum coke dust and received inquiries or notices of investigation from the BAAQMD, the California Department of Industrial Relations, Division of Occupational Safety and Health (“CalOSHA”), the CCC, and the EPA. The BAAQMD also issued an NOV relating to the July 11, 2023 coke dust incident and an NOV relating to the October 6, 2023 coke dust incident. On December 15, 2023, the Martinez refinery experienced an unexpected flaring incident, and subsequently on December 18, 2023 a brush fire incident, and has received inquiries or notices of investigation from the BAAQMD, CalOSHA, and the CCC. The BAAQMD additionally issued an NOV relating to the December 15, 2023 flaring incident and four NOVs relating to the December 18, 2023 brush fire incident. The DFG, the CCC, and the BAAQMD have referred their findings and/or NOVs to the CCC District Attorney for the spent catalyst incident and various other incidents. On November 16, 2023, the CCC District Attorney and the BAAQMD announced a joint civil enforcement action against MRC that will include enforcement of the BAAQMD’s, the CCC’s, and the DFG’s claims from the spent catalyst incident, as well as additional enforcement claims from various incidents. For the spent catalyst, coke dust, flaring, brush fire, and other incidents, no penalties have been assessed to date by the various agencies, but it is reasonable to expect that penalties may be assessed; however, they are not currently estimable.
7. EQUITY
Noncontrolling Interest in PBF LLC
PBF Energy is the sole managing member of, and has a controlling interest in, PBF LLC. As the sole managing member of PBF LLC, PBF Energy operates and controls all of the business and affairs of PBF LLC and its subsidiaries. PBF Energy’s equity interest in PBF LLC was approximately 99.3% as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
PBF Energy consolidates the financial results of PBF LLC and its subsidiaries, and records a noncontrolling interest for the economic interest in PBF Energy held by the members of PBF LLC other than PBF Energy. Noncontrolling interest on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations includes the portion of net income or loss attributable to the economic interest in PBF Energy held by the members of PBF LLC other than PBF Energy. Noncontrolling interest on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets reflects the portion of net assets of PBF Energy attributable to the members of PBF LLC other than PBF Energy.
18

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The noncontrolling interest ownership percentages in PBF LLC as of December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2024 are calculated as follows:

| Holders of PBF LLC Series A Units |  | Outstanding Shares of PBF Energy Class A Common Stock |  | Total *
December 31, 2023 | 862,780 |  | 120,440,620 |  | 121,303,400
| 0.7% |  | 99.3% |  | 100.0%
March 31, 2024 | 862,779 |  | 119,044,383 |  | 119,907,162
| 0.7% |  | 99.3% |  | 100.0%

——————————
* Assumes all of the holders of PBF LLC Series A Units exchange their PBF LLC Series A Units for shares of PBF Energy’s Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis.
Noncontrolling Interest in PBF Holding
In connection with the acquisition of the Chalmette refinery, PBF Holding records noncontrolling interest in two subsidiaries of Chalmette Refining. PBF Holding, through Chalmette Refining, owns an 80% ownership interest in both Collins Pipeline Company and T&M Terminal Company. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a noncontrolling interest in the earnings of these subsidiaries of less than $0.1 million and approximately $0.3 million, respectively.
19

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Changes in Equity and Noncontrolling Interest
The following tables summarize the changes in equity for the controlling and noncontrolling interest of PBF Energy for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively:

(in millions) | PBF Energy Inc. Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interest in PBF LLC |  | Noncontrolling Interest in PBF Holding |  |  |  | Total Equity
Balance at January 1, 2024 | $ | 6,488.3 |  |  | $ | 129.9 |  |  | $ | 13.1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,631.3 |
Comprehensive income | 107.1 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 108.0 |
Dividends and distributions | (29.8) |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (30.8) |
Stock-based compensation expense | 8.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 8.4 |
Transactions in connection with stock-based compensation plans | 23.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 23.9 |
Exchanges of PBF Energy Company LLC Series A Units for PBF Energy Class A common stock | 0.6 |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Treasury stock purchases | (142.6) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (142.6) |
Balance at March 31, 2024 | $ | 6,455.9 |  |  | $ | 129.2 |  |  | $ | 13.1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,598.2 |

(in millions) | PBF Energy Inc. Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interest in PBF LLC |  | Noncontrolling Interest in PBF Holding |  | Total Equity
Balance at January 1, 2023 | $ | 4,929.2 |  |  | $ | 114.6 |  |  | $ | 12.2 |  |  | $ | 5,056.0 |
Comprehensive income | 382.5 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 386.3 |
Dividends and distributions | (26.0) |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | — |  |  | (26.2) |
Stock-based compensation expense | 6.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6.5 |
Transactions in connection with stock-based compensation plans | 14.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14.4 |
Treasury Stock Purchases | (168.8) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (168.8) |
Other | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |
Balance at March 31, 2023 | $ | 5,137.9 |  |  | $ | 117.9 |  |  | $ | 12.5 |  |  | $ | 5,268.3 |

Treasury Stock
On May 3, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors approved an increase in the repurchase authorization of PBF Energy's Class A common stock (as amended from time to time, the “Repurchase Program”) from $500.0 million to $1.0 billion and extended the program expiration date to December 2025. On February 13, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a further increase in the repurchase authorization amount under the Repurchase Program from $1.0 billion to $1.75 billion. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company purchased 2,561,060 shares of PBF Energy’s Class A common stock under the Repurchase Program for $125.0 million, inclusive of commissions paid, through open market transactions. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company purchased 4,047,286 shares of PBF Energy’s Class A common stock under the Repurchase Program for $167.6 million, inclusive of commissions paid, through open market transactions.
20

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Treasury stock repurchases can be made from time to time through various methods, including open market transactions, block trades, accelerated share repurchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, certain of which could be effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans. The timing and number of shares repurchased depends on a variety of factors, including price, capital availability, legal requirements, and economic and market conditions. The Company is not obligated to purchase any shares under the Repurchase Program, and repurchases could be suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice.
The Company records PBF Energy Class A common stock surrendered to cover income tax withholdings for certain directors and employees and others pursuant to the vesting of certain awards under the Company’s equity-based compensation plans as treasury shares.
8. DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
With respect to dividends and distributions paid during the three months ended March 31, 2024, PBF LLC made an aggregate non-tax quarterly distribution of $29.8 million, or $0.25 per unit to its members, of which $29.6 million was distributed pro-rata to PBF Energy and the balance was distributed to its other members. PBF Energy used this $29.6 million to pay a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 per share of Class A common stock on March 14, 2024.
9. REVENUES
As described in “Note 13 - Segment Information”, the Company’s business consists of the Refining Segment and Logistics Segment. The following table provides information relating to the Company’s revenues for each product or group of similar products or services by segment for the periods presented.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |
(in millions) | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Refining Segment: |  |  |  |
Gasoline and distillates | $ | 7,599.0 |  |  | $ | 8,232.6 |  |
Asphalt and blackoils | 473.6 |  |  | 403.2 |  |
Feedstocks and other | 307.9 |  |  | 417.8 |  |
Chemicals | 167.0 |  |  | 140.2 |  |
Lubricants | 88.9 |  |  | 91.7 |  |
Total Refining Revenue | 8,636.4 |  |  | 9,285.5 |  |
Logistics Segment: |  |  |  |
Logistics Revenue | 96.1 |  |  | 98.5 |  |
Total revenue prior to eliminations | 8,732.5 |  |  | 9,384.0 |  |
Elimination of intercompany revenue | (86.9) |  |  | (89.0) |  |
Total Revenues | $ | 8,645.6 |  |  | $ | 9,295.0 |  |

The majority of the Company’s revenues are generated from the sale of refined products. These revenues are largely based on the current spot (market) prices of the products sold, which represent consideration specifically allocable to the products being sold on a given day, and the Company recognizes those revenues upon delivery and transfer of title to the products to our customers. The time at which delivery and transfer of title occurs is the point when the Company’s control of the products is transferred to the Company’s customers and when its performance obligation to its customers is fulfilled. Delivery and transfer of title are specifically agreed to between the Company and customers within the contracts. The Company also has contracts which contain fixed pricing, tiered pricing, minimum volume features with makeup periods, or other factors that have not materially been affected by ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
21

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company’s Logistics segment revenues are generated by charging fees for crude oil and refined products terminaling, storage and pipeline services based on the greater of contractual minimum volume commitments, as applicable, or the delivery of actual volumes based on contractual rates applied to throughput or storage volumes. A majority of the Company’s logistics revenues are generated by intercompany transactions and are eliminated in consolidation.
Deferred Revenue
The Company records deferred revenue when cash payments are received or are due in advance of performance, including amounts which are refundable. Deferred revenue was $75.0 million and $64.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Fluctuations in the deferred revenue balance are primarily driven by the timing and extent of cash payments received or due in advance of satisfying the Company’s performance obligations.
The Company’s payment terms vary by type and location of customers and the products offered. The period between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant (i.e. generally within two months). For certain products or services and customer types, the Company requires payment before the products or services are delivered to the customer.
22

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
10. INCOME TAXES
PBF Energy is required to file federal and applicable state corporate income tax returns and recognizes income taxes on its pre-tax income, which to-date has consisted primarily of its share of PBF LLC’s pre-tax income (approximately 99.3% as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023). PBF LLC is organized as a limited liability company and PBFX is a partnership, both of which are treated as “flow-through” entities for federal income tax purposes and therefore are not subject to federal income taxes apart from the income tax attributable to the two subsidiaries acquired in connection with the acquisition of Chalmette Refining and PBF Holding’s wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary, PBF Energy Limited, that are treated as C-Corporations for income tax purposes, with the tax provision calculated based on the effective tax rate for the periods presented.
Inflation Reduction Act
On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”) was enacted and signed into law in the United States. The IRA is a budget reconciliation package that includes significant law changes relating to tax, climate change, energy, and health care. The tax provisions include, among other items, a corporate alternative minimum tax of 15%, an excise tax of 1% on corporate stock buy-backs, energy-related tax credits and incentives, and additional Internal Revenue Service funding. Based on the Company’s results over the past three fiscal years, the corporate alternative minimum tax is currently not applicable. The Company does not expect the other tax provisions of the IRA to have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The income tax provision in the PBF Energy Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations consists of the following:

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions) |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Current income tax expense |  |  |  |  | $ | 22.5 |  |  | $ | 84.1 |
Deferred income tax expense |  |  |  |  | 5.2 |  |  | 42.4 |
Total income tax expense |  |  |  |  | $ | 27.7 |  |  | $ | 126.5 |

The income tax provision is based on earnings before taxes attributable to PBF Energy and excludes earnings before taxes attributable to noncontrolling interest as such interests are generally not subject to income taxes except as noted above. PBF Energy’s effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 was 20.6% and 24.9%, respectively.
PBF Energy’s effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024, including the impact of income attributable to noncontrolling interest of $0.9 million, was 20.5%. PBF Energy’s effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023, including the impact of income attributable to noncontrolling interest of $3.8 million, was 24.7%.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, PBF Energy's effective tax rate differed from the United States statutory rate, inclusive of state income taxes, as a result of equity-based compensation activity and permanent book/tax differences related to the use of blender’s tax credits. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, PBF Energy’s effective tax rate did not materially differ from the United States statutory rate, inclusive of state income taxes.
The Company has determined there are no material uncertain tax positions as of March 31, 2024. The Company does not have any unrecognized tax benefits.
23

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The tables below present information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the inputs utilized to determine the fair values as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
The Company has elected to offset the fair value amounts recognized for multiple derivative contracts executed with the same counterparty; however, fair value amounts by hierarchy level are presented on a gross basis in the tables below. The Company may be required to post margin collateral or reclaim cash collateral from derivative counterparties based on contractual terms. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had the obligation to return cash collateral posted against its derivative obligations of $0.9 million and $23.7 million, respectively. Cash collateral related to derivative contracts is recorded net in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has no derivative contracts that are subject to master netting arrangements that are reflected gross on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

| As of March 31, 2024
| Fair Value Hierarchy |  | Total Gross Fair Value |  | Effect of Counter-party Netting |  | Net Carrying Value on Balance Sheet
(in millions) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 57.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 57.3 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 57.3 |
Commodity contracts | 80.2 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 81.6 |  |  | (67.5) |  |  | 14.1 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts | 66.9 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 67.5 |  |  | (67.5) |  |  | — |
Renewable energy credit and emissions obligations | — |  |  | 460.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 460.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 460.4 |
Contingent consideration obligation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18.3 |  |  | 18.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 18.3 |

| As of December 31, 2023
| Fair Value Hierarchy |  | Total Gross Fair Value |  | Effect of Counter-party Netting |  | Net Carrying Value on Balance Sheet
(in millions) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 141.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 141.6 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 141.6 |
Commodity contracts | 80.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 80.1 |  |  | (46.9) |  |  | 33.2 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts | 46.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 46.9 |  |  | (46.9) |  |  | — |
Renewable energy credit and emissions obligations | — |  |  | 429.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 429.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 429.8 |
Contingent consideration obligation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21.6 |  |  | 21.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 21.6 |

24

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The valuation methods used to measure financial instruments at fair value are as follows:
•Money market funds categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy are measured at fair value based on quoted market prices and included within Cash and cash equivalents.
•The commodity contracts categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy are measured at fair value based on quoted prices in an active market. The commodity contracts categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are measured at fair value using a market approach based upon future commodity prices for similar instruments quoted in active markets.
•The derivatives included with inventory intermediation agreement obligations and the catalyst obligations are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and are measured at fair value using a market approach based upon commodity prices for similar instruments quoted in active markets.
•Renewable energy credit and emissions obligations primarily represent the Company’s liability for the purchase of (i) biofuel credits (primarily RINs in the U.S.) needed to satisfy its obligation to blend biofuels into the products the Company produces and (ii) emission credits under the AB 32 and similar programs (collectively, the cap-and-trade systems). To the degree the Company is unable to blend biofuels (such as ethanol and biodiesel) at percentages required under the biofuel programs, it must purchase biofuel credits to comply with these programs. Under the cap-and-trade systems, it must purchase emission credits to comply with these systems. The liability for environmental credits is in part based on the Company’s deficit for such credits as of the balance sheet date, if any, after considering any credits acquired, and is equal to the product of the credits deficit and the market price of these credits as of the balance sheet date. To the extent that the Company has a better estimate of the cost at which it settles its obligation, such as agreements to purchase RINs at prices other than the current spot price, the Company considers those costs in valuing the remaining obligation. The environmental credit obligations are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and are measured at fair value using a market approach based on quoted prices from an independent pricing service.
•When applicable, commodity contracts categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy consist of commodity price swap contracts that relate to forecasted purchases of crude oil for which quoted forward market prices are not readily available due to market illiquidity. The forward prices used to value these swaps are derived using broker quotes, prices from other third-party sources and other available market based data.
•The contingent consideration obligation at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and is estimated using discounted cash flow models based on management’s estimate of the future cash flows related to the earn-out periods.
Non-qualified pension plan assets are measured at fair value using a market approach based on published net asset values of mutual funds as a practical expedient. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $19.2 million and $18.8 million, respectively, were included within Deferred charges and other assets, net for these non-qualified pension plan assets.
25

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The table below summarizes the changes in fair value measurements categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, which primarily includes the change in estimated future earnings related to the Martinez Contingent Consideration:

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions) |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Balance at beginning of period |  |  |  |  | $ | 21.6 |  |  | $ | 150.5 |
Settlements |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (5.4) |
Unrealized gain included in earnings |  |  |  |  | (3.3) |  |  | (21.7) |
Balance at end of period |  |  |  |  | $ | 18.3 |  |  | $ | 123.4 |

There were no transfers between levels during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Fair value of debt
The table below summarizes the carrying value and fair value of debt as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
(in millions) | Carrying value |  | Fair value |  | Carrying value |  | Fair value
2028 Senior Notes (a) | $ | 801.6 |  |  | $ | 789.0 |  |  | $ | 801.6 |  |  | $ | 779.3 |
2030 Senior Notes (a) | 500.0 |  |  | 519.3 |  |  | 500.0 |  |  | 514.8 |
| 1,301.6 |  |  | 1,308.3 |  |  | 1,301.6 |  |  | 1,294.1 |
Unamortized discount | (3.1) |  |  | n/a |  | (3.2) |  |  | n/a
Less - Unamortized deferred financing costs | (49.9) |  |  | n/a |  | (52.5) |  |  | n/a
Long-term debt | $ | 1,248.6 |  |  | $ | 1,308.3 |  |  | $ | 1,245.9 |  |  | $ | 1,294.1 |

_________________________
(a) The estimated fair value, categorized as a Level 2 measurement, was calculated based on the present value of future expected payments utilizing implied current market interest rates based on quoted prices of the outstanding senior notes.
26

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
12. DERIVATIVES
The Company uses derivative instruments to mitigate certain exposures to commodity price risk. On July 31, 2023, the Company terminated the third amended and restated inventory intermediation agreement (the “Third Inventory Intermediation Agreement”). Prior to its termination, the Third Inventory Intermediation Agreement contained purchase obligations for certain volumes of crude oil, intermediates, and refined products. The purchase obligations related to crude oil, intermediates and refined products under this agreement were derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges in order to hedge the commodity price volatility of certain refinery inventory. The fair value of these purchase obligation derivatives was based on market prices of the underlying crude oil, intermediates, and refined products. The level of activity for these derivatives was based on the level of operating inventories.
The Company also enters into economic hedges primarily consisting of commodity derivative contracts that are not designated as hedges and are used to manage price volatility in certain crude oil and feedstock inventories as well as crude oil, feedstock, and refined product sales or purchases. The objective in entering into economic hedges is consistent with the objectives discussed above for fair value hedges. As of March 31, 2024, there were 20,099,000 barrels of crude oil and 21,685,000 barrels of refined products (23,774,000 and 5,351,000, respectively, as of December 31, 2023), outstanding under short and long term commodity derivative contracts not designated as hedges representing the notional value of the contracts.
The Company also uses derivative instruments to mitigate the risk associated with the price of credits needed to comply with various governmental and regulatory environmental compliance programs. For such contracts that represent derivatives, the Company elects the normal purchase normal sale exception under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and therefore does not record them at fair value.
The following tables provide information regarding the fair values of derivative instruments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and the line items in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in which fair values are reflected.

Description | Balance Sheet Location | Fair Value Asset/(Liability)
|  | (in millions)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |
March 31, 2024: |  |
Commodity contracts | Accounts receivable | $ | 14.1 |
December 31, 2023: |  |
Commodity contracts | Accounts receivable | $ | 33.2 |

27

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table provides information regarding gains or losses recognized in income on derivative instruments and the line items in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in which such gains and losses are reflected.

Description | Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives | Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
|  | (in millions)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |
For the three months ended March 31, 2024: |  |
Derivatives included within the inventory intermediation agreement obligations | Cost of products and other | $ | — |
For the three months ended March 31, 2023: |  |
Derivatives included within the inventory intermediation agreement obligations | Cost of products and other | $ | 4.2 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |
For the three months ended March 31, 2024: |  |
Commodity contracts | Cost of products and other | $ | (25.5) |
For the three months ended March 31, 2023: |  |
Commodity contracts | Cost of products and other | $ | 14.8 |
Hedged items designated in fair value hedges: |  |
For the three months ended March 31, 2024: |  |
Crude oil, intermediate and refined product inventory | Cost of products and other | $ | — |
For the three months ended March 31, 2023: |  |
Crude oil, intermediate and refined product inventory | Cost of products and other | $ | (4.2) |

The Company had no ineffectiveness related to the fair value hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2024 or the three months ended March 31, 2023.
28

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
13. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company’s operations are organized into two reportable segments, Refining and Logistics. Operations that are not included in the Refining or Logistics segments, including the Company’s share of SBR’s results, are included in Corporate. Intersegment transactions are eliminated in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and are included in the Eliminations column below.
Refining
The Company’s Refining segment includes the operations of its six refineries, including certain related logistics assets that are not owned by PBFX. The Company’s refineries are located in Delaware City, Delaware, Paulsboro, New Jersey, Toledo, Ohio, Chalmette, Louisiana, Torrance, California and Martinez, California. The refineries produce unbranded transportation fuels, heating oil, petrochemical feedstocks, lubricants, and other petroleum products in the United States. The Company purchases crude oil, other feedstocks and blending components from various third-party suppliers. The Company sells products throughout the Northeast, Midwest, Gulf Coast and West Coast of the United States, as well as in other regions of the United States, Canada, and Mexico, and is able to ship products to other international destinations.
Logistics
The Company’s Logistics segment is comprised of PBFX, a partnership formed to own or lease, operate, develop, and acquire crude oil and refined products terminals, pipelines, storage facilities and similar logistics assets. PBFX’s assets primarily consist of rail and truck terminals and unloading racks, tank farms and pipelines that were acquired from or contributed by PBF LLC and are located at, or nearby, the Company’s refineries. PBFX provides various rail, truck and marine terminaling services, pipeline transportation services and storage services to PBF Holding and/or its subsidiaries and third-party customers through fee-based commercial agreements. PBFX currently does not generate significant third-party revenues and intersegment related-party revenues are eliminated in consolidation. From a PBF Energy perspective, the Company’s chief operating decision maker evaluates the Logistics segment as a whole without regard to any of PBFX’s individual operating segments.
The Company evaluates the performance of its segments based primarily on income from operations. Income from operations includes those revenues and expenses that are directly attributable to management of the respective segment. The Logistics segment’s revenues include intersegment transactions with the Company’s Refining segment at prices the Company believes are substantially equivalent to the prices that could have been negotiated with unaffiliated parties with respect to similar services. Activities of the Company’s business that are not included in the two operating segments are included in Corporate. Such activities consist primarily of corporate staff operations and other items that are not specific to the normal operations of the two operating segments. The Company does not allocate non-operating income and expense items, including income taxes, to the individual segments. The Refining segment’s operating subsidiaries and PBFX are primarily pass-through entities with respect to income taxes.
Total assets of each segment consist of property, plant and equipment, inventories, cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and other assets directly associated with the segment’s operations. Corporate assets consist primarily of the Company’s equity method investment in SBR, non-operating property, plant and equipment and other assets not directly related to the Company’s refinery and logistics operations.
Disclosures regarding the Company’s reportable segments with reconciliations to consolidated totals for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 are presented below.
29

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
| Refining |  | Logistics |  | Corporate |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated Total
Revenues | $ | 8,636.4 |  |  | $ | 96.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (86.9) |  |  | $ | 8,645.6 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 132.3 |  |  | 9.1 |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 144.6 |
Income (loss) from operations (1) | 170.6 |  |  | 45.1 |  |  | (70.6) |  |  | — |  |  | 145.1 |
Interest (income) expense, net | (4.1) |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | 15.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 10.5 |
Capital expenditures (2) | 283.1 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 284.7 |
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
| Refining |  | Logistics |  | Corporate |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated Total
Revenues | $ | 9,285.5 |  |  | $ | 98.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (89.0) |  |  | $ | 9,295.0 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 132.9 |  |  | 9.0 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 143.8 |
Income (loss) from operations | 525.7 |  |  | 49.7 |  |  | (43.0) |  |  | — |  |  | 532.4 |
Interest (income) expense, net | (4.1) |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 19.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 18.7 |
Capital expenditures (2) | 379.2 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 383.1 |

| Balance at March 31, 2024
| Refining |  | Logistics |  | Corporate |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated Total
Total assets (3) | $ | 12,036.1 |  |  | $ | 794.2 |  |  | $ | 1,014.8 |  |  | $ | (36.9) |  |  | $ | 13,808.2 |
| Balance at December 31, 2023
| Refining |  | Logistics |  | Corporate |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated Total
Total assets (3) | $ | 12,590.6 |  |  | $ | 816.8 |  |  | $ | 1,024.1 |  |  | $ | (43.7) |  |  | $ | 14,387.8 |

(1) Income (loss) from operations within Corporate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 includes an $8.7 million reduction of the gain associated with the formation of the SBR equity method investment.
(2) For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, the Company’s refining segment included $6.6 million and $157.9 million, respectively, of capital expenditures related to the Renewable Diesel Facility.
(3) For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023, Corporate assets include the Company’s Equity method investment in SBR of $879.9 million and $881.0 million, respectively.
30

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
14. NET INCOME PER SHARE
The Company grants certain equity-based compensation awards to employees and non-employee directors that are considered to be participating securities. Due to the presence of participating securities, the Company has calculated net income per share of PBF Energy Class A common stock using the two-class method.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share of PBF Energy Class A common stock attributable to PBF Energy for the periods presented:

(in millions, except share and per share amounts) |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
Basic Earnings Per Share: |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Allocation of earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to PBF Energy Inc. stockholders |  |  |  |  | $ | 106.6 |  |  | $ | 382.1 |
Less: Income allocated to participating securities |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Income available to PBF Energy Inc. stockholders - basic |  |  |  |  | $ | 106.6 |  |  | $ | 382.1 |
Denominator for basic net income per Class A common share - weighted average shares |  |  |  |  | 119,864,653 |  |  | 128,787,779 |
Basic net income attributable to PBF Energy per Class A common share |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.89 |  |  | $ | 2.97 |
Diluted Earnings Per Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income available to PBF Energy Inc. stockholders - basic |  |  |  |  | $ | 106.6 |  |  | $ | 382.1 |
Plus: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest (1) |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 3.5 |
Less: Income tax expense (1) |  |  |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | (0.9) |
Numerator for diluted net income per PBF Energy Class A common share - net income attributable to PBF Energy Inc. stockholders (1) |  |  |  |  | $ | 107.3 |  |  | $ | 384.7 |
Denominator:(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for basic net income per PBF Energy Class A common share-weighted average shares |  |  |  |  | 119,864,653 |  |  | 128,787,779 |
Effect of dilutive securities:(2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Conversion of PBF LLC Series A Units |  |  |  |  | 862,780 |  |  | 910,457 |
Common stock equivalents |  |  |  |  | 3,942,616 |  |  | 4,801,041 |
Denominator for diluted net income per PBF Energy Class A common share-adjusted weighted average shares |  |  |  |  | 124,670,049 |  |  | 134,499,277 |
Diluted net income attributable to PBF Energy Inc. stockholders per PBF Energy Class A common share |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.86 |  |  | $ | 2.86 |

___________________________________________
(1) The diluted earnings per share calculation generally assumes the conversion of all outstanding PBF LLC Series A Units to PBF Energy Class A common stock. The net income attributable to PBF Energy used in the numerator of the diluted earnings per share calculation is adjusted to reflect the net income, as well as the corresponding income tax expense (based on a 26.0% estimated annualized statutory corporate tax rate for both the three months ended March 31, 2024 and the three months ended March 31, 2023), attributable to the converted units.
31

PBF ENERGY INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(2) Represents an adjustment to weighted-average diluted shares outstanding to assume the full exchange of common stock equivalents, including options and warrants for PBF LLC Series A Units and performance share units and options for shares of PBF Energy Class A common stock as calculated under the treasury stock method (to the extent the impact of such exchange would not be anti-dilutive). Common stock equivalents exclude the effects of performance share units and options and warrants to purchase 29,500 shares of PBF Energy Class A common stock and PBF LLC Series A units because they are anti-dilutive for the three months ended March 31, 2023. For periods showing a net loss, all common stock equivalents and unvested restricted stock are considered anti-dilutive.
15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Dividend Declared
On May 2, 2024, PBF Energy announced a dividend of $0.25 per share on outstanding PBF Energy Class A common stock. The dividend is payable on May 30, 2024 to PBF Energy Class A common stockholders of record at the close of business on May 16, 2024.
Share Repurchases
From April 1, 2024 through May 1, 2024, the Company purchased an additional 574,865 shares of PBF Energy’s Class A common stock under the Repurchase Program for $33.6 million, inclusive of commissions paid.
32

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements of PBF Energy included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the unaudited financial statements and related notes included in this report. The following discussion contains “forward-looking statements” that reflect our future plans, estimates, beliefs and expected performance. Our actual results may differ materially from those currently anticipated and expressed in such forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors. We caution that assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions, or beliefs about future events may, and often do, vary from actual results and the differences can be material. Please see “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to PBF Energy and its consolidated subsidiaries, including PBF LLC, PBF Holding and its subsidiaries and PBFX and its subsidiaries, and our 50% interest in SBR.
33

Overview
We are one of the largest independent petroleum refiners and suppliers of unbranded transportation fuels, heating oil, petrochemical feedstocks, lubricants, and other petroleum products in the United States. We sell our products throughout the Northeast, Midwest, Gulf Coast and West Coast of the United States, as well as in other regions of the United States, Canada and Mexico and are able to ship products to other international destinations. We own and operate six domestic oil refineries and related assets and own a 50% interest in the Renewable Diesel Facility through our SBR equity method investment. Our refineries have a combined processing capacity, known as throughput, of approximately 1,000,000 barrels per day (“bpd”), and a weighted-average Nelson Complexity Index of 12.7 based on current operating conditions. The complexity and throughput capacity of our refineries are subject to change dependent upon configuration changes we make to respond to market conditions, as well as a result of investments made to improve our facilities and maintain compliance with environmental and governmental regulations. We operate in two reportable business segments: Refining and Logistics. Our six oil refineries are all engaged in the refining of crude oil and other feedstocks into petroleum products, and represent the Refining segment. PBFX operates certain logistical assets such as crude oil and refined products terminals, pipelines, and storage facilities, which represent the Logistics segment.
Our six refineries are located in Delaware City, Delaware, Paulsboro, New Jersey, Toledo, Ohio, Chalmette, Louisiana, Torrance, California and Martinez, California. Each refinery is briefly described in the table below:

Refinery | Region | Nelson Complexity Index (1) | Throughput Capacity (in bpd) (1) | PADD | Crude Processed (2) | Source (2)
Delaware City | East Coast | 13.6 | 180,000 | 1 | light sweet through heavy sour | water, rail
Paulsboro | East Coast | 8.8(3) | 155,000(3) | 1 | light sweet through heavy sour | water
Toledo | Mid-Continent | 11.0 | 180,000 | 2 | light sweet | pipeline, truck, rail
Chalmette | Gulf Coast | 13.0 | 185,000 | 3 | light sweet through heavy sour | water, pipeline
Torrance | West Coast | 13.8 | 166,000 | 5 | medium and heavy | pipeline, water, truck
Martinez | West Coast | 16.1 | 157,000 | 5 | medium and heavy | pipeline and water

_____________________
(1) Reflects operating conditions at each refinery as of the date of this filing. Changes in complexity and throughput capacity reflect the result of current market conditions, in addition to investments made to improve our facilities and maintain compliance with environmental and governmental regulations. Configurations at each of our refineries are evaluated periodically and updated accordingly.
(2) Reflects the typical crude and feedstocks and related sources utilized under normal operating conditions and prevailing market environments.
(3) Under normal operating conditions and prevailing market environments, our Nelson Complexity Index and throughput capacity for the Paulsboro refinery would be 13.1 and 180,000, respectively. As a result of the reconfiguration of our East Coast refineries in 2020, and subsequent restart of several idled processing units at the Paulsboro refinery in 2022, our Nelson Complexity Index and throughput capacity were adjusted.
34

As of March 31, 2024, PBF Energy owned 119,065,614 PBF LLC Series C Units and our current and former executive officers and directors and certain employees and others held 862,779 PBF LLC Series A Units (we refer to all of the holders of the PBF LLC Series A Units as “the members of PBF LLC other than PBF Energy”). As a result, the holders of our issued and outstanding shares of our PBF Energy Class A common stock have approximately 99.3% of the voting power in us, and the members of PBF LLC other than PBF Energy through their holdings of Class B common stock have approximately 0.7% of the voting power in us (99.3% and 0.7% as of December 31, 2023, respectively).
Factors Affecting Comparability Between Periods
Our results have been affected by the following events, the understanding of which will aid in assessing the comparability of our period to period financial performance and financial condition.
Debt and Credit Facilities
PBF Holding Revolving Credit Facility
On August 23, 2023, we entered into an amendment and restatement of our existing asset-based revolving credit agreement (the “Revolving Credit Agreement”). The Revolving Credit Agreement amended and restated the previously existing revolving credit agreement dated as of May 2, 2018 (as amended from time to time, the “Prior Credit Agreement”). Among other things, the Revolving Credit Agreement extended PBF Holding’s asset-based revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) through August 2028 and increased the maximum commitment to $3.5 billion from $2.85 billion. The commitment fees on the unused portion, the interest rate on advances and the fees for letters of credit are generally consistent with the Prior Credit Agreement.
Senior Notes
On August 21, 2023, we issued $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 7.875% senior unsecured notes due 2030 (the “2030 Senior Notes”). The net proceeds from this offering were approximately $488.8 million after deducting the initial purchasers’ discount and estimated offering expenses. We used the net proceeds, together with cash on hand, to fully redeem the outstanding 7.25% senior unsecured notes due 2025 (the “2025 Senior Notes”), including accrued and unpaid interest, on September 13, 2023 for approximately $664.5 million.
Catalyst Financing Obligations
During 2023, we settled our last remaining precious metal financing arrangement, which represented a reduction of debt of approximately $3.1 million.
Inventory Intermediation Agreement
Prior to 2023, PBF Holding and its subsidiaries, Delaware City Refining Company LLC, Paulsboro Refining Company LLC, and Chalmette Refining LLC (“Chalmette Refining”) (collectively, the “PBF Entities”), entered into the third amended and restated inventory intermediation agreement (the “Third Inventory Intermediation Agreement”) with J. Aron & Company, a subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (“J. Aron”). Pursuant to the Third Inventory Intermediation Agreement, J. Aron purchased and held title to certain crude oil, intermediates, and finished products (the “J. Aron Products”) purchased or produced by the Refineries and delivered into the storage tanks at the Refineries (the “Storage Tanks”). The J. Aron Products were sold back to us as the J. Aron Products were discharged out of the Storage Tanks.
On June 28, 2023, the PBF Entities entered into a second amendment to the Third Inventory Intermediation Agreement to amend certain provisions in order to allow for the early termination of the Third Inventory Intermediation Agreement effective as of July 31, 2023.
35

Renewable Diesel Facility
On June 27, 2023, we and our partner Eni, completed the closing of the equity method investment transaction and the capitalization of SBR, a jointly held investee designed to own, develop, and operate the Renewable Diesel Facility. We contributed the SBR business, which had a total estimated fair value of $1.69 billion, excluding working capital. Eni contributed $845.6 million of total consideration, which consisted of $431.0 million of cash distributed to us at close and an additional $414.6 million of cash contributed after the commercial start-up of the pre-treatment unit in July 2023. SBR now owns the Renewable Diesel Facility. As stipulated in the agreements with Eni, we managed project execution and will continue to serve as the operator of the facility.
Share Repurchase Program
On May 3, 2023, our Board of Directors approved an increase in the repurchase authorization of PBF Energy's Class A common stock (as amended from time to time, the “Repurchase Program”) from $500.0 million to $1.0 billion and extended the program expiration date to December 2025. On February 13, 2024, our Board of Directors approved an increase in the repurchase authorization amount under the Repurchase Program from $1.0 billion to $1.75 billion. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we purchased 2,561,060 shares of PBF Energy’s Class A common stock under the Repurchase Program for $125.0 million, inclusive of commissions paid, through open market transactions. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company purchased 4,047,286 shares of PBF Energy’s Class A common stock under the Repurchase Program for $167.6 million, inclusive of commissions paid, through open market transactions. Please see “Note 7 - Equity” of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
Tax Receivable Agreement
As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, PBF Energy recognized a liability for the Tax Receivable Agreement of $291.8 million and $336.6 million, respectively, reflecting the estimate of the undiscounted amounts that we expected to pay under the agreement. As of March 31, 2024, $121.8 million of the Tax Receivable Agreement obligation was recorded as a current liability and represents our best estimate of payments to be made within a year. As of December 31, 2023, $43.0 million of the Tax Receivable Agreement obligation was recorded as a current liability and represented the amount paid in January 2024 related to the 2022 tax year. As future taxable income is recognized, increases in our Tax Receivable Agreement liability may be necessary in conjunction with the revaluation of deferred tax assets.
36

Results of Operations
The tables below reflect our consolidated financial and operating highlights for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (amounts in millions, except per share data). We operate in two reportable business segments: Refining and Logistics. Our oil refineries, excluding the assets operated by PBFX, are all engaged in the refining of crude oil and other feedstocks into petroleum products, and represent the Refining segment. PBFX is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of PBF Energy that operates certain logistics assets such as crude oil and refined products terminals, pipelines, and storage facilities. PBFX’s operations represent the Logistics segment. We do not separately discuss our results by individual segments as our Logistics segment did not have any significant third-party revenues and a significant portion of its operating results are eliminated in consolidation.

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Revenues |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,645.6 |  |  | $ | 9,295.0 |
Cost and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of products and other |  |  |  |  | 7,597.9 |  |  | 7,795.3 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense as reflected below) |  |  |  |  | 688.1 |  |  | 781.4 |
Depreciation and amortization expense |  |  |  |  | 141.4 |  |  | 141.9 |
Cost of sales |  |  |  |  | 8,427.4 |  |  | 8,718.6 |
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense as reflected below) |  |  |  |  | 63.2 |  |  | 60.0 |
Depreciation and amortization expense |  |  |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 1.9 |
Change in fair value of contingent consideration, net |  |  |  |  | (3.3) |  |  | (16.3) |
Equity loss in investee |  |  |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | — |
Loss on formation of SBR equity method investment |  |  |  |  | 8.7 |  |  | — |
Loss (gain) on sale of assets |  |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | (1.6) |
Total cost and expenses |  |  |  |  | 8,500.5 |  |  | 8,762.6 |
Income from operations |  |  |  |  | 145.1 |  |  | 532.4 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense (net of interest income of $17.8 million and $17.2 million, respectively) |  |  |  |  | (10.5) |  |  | (18.7) |
Change in fair value of catalyst obligations |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |
Other non-service components of net periodic benefit cost |  |  |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0.3 |
Other expense |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (2.3) |
Income before income taxes |  |  |  |  | 135.2 |  |  | 512.4 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  | 27.7 |  |  | 126.5 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | 107.5 |  |  | 385.9 |
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 3.8 |
Net income attributable to PBF Energy Inc. stockholders |  |  |  |  | $ | 106.6 |  |  | $ | 382.1 |
Consolidated gross margin |  |  |  |  | $ | 218.2 |  |  | $ | 576.4 |
Gross refining margin (1) |  |  |  |  | $ | 958.3 |  |  | $ | 1,405.8 |
Net income available to Class A common stock per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.89 |  |  | $ | 2.97 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.86 |  |  | $ | 2.86 |

_________________________________
(1) See Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
37

Operating Highlights |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Key Operating Information |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Production (bpd in thousands) |  |  |  |  | 909.5 |  |  | 859.2 |
Crude oil and feedstocks throughput (bpd in thousands) |  |  |  |  | 897.4 |  |  | 851.2 |
Total crude oil and feedstocks throughput (millions of barrels) |  |  |  |  | 81.7 |  |  | 76.6 |
Consolidated gross margin per barrel of throughput |  |  |  |  | $ | 2.68 |  |  | $ | 7.53 |
Gross refining margin, excluding special items, per barrel of throughput (1) |  |  |  |  | $ | 11.73 |  |  | $ | 18.35 |
Refining operating expense, per barrel of throughput |  |  |  |  | $ | 8.02 |  |  | $ | 9.78 |
Crude and feedstocks (% of total throughput) (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Heavy |  |  |  |  | 24 | % |  | 28 | %
Medium |  |  |  |  | 44 | % |  | 33 | %
Light |  |  |  |  | 16 | % |  | 21 | %
Other feedstocks and blends |  |  |  |  | 16 | % |  | 18 | %
Total throughput |  |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | 100 | %
Yield (% of total throughput) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gasoline and gasoline blendstocks |  |  |  |  | 48 | % |  | 47 | %
Distillates and distillate blendstocks |  |  |  |  | 34 | % |  | 34 | %
Lubes |  |  |  |  | 1 | % |  | 1 | %
Chemicals |  |  |  |  | 1 | % |  | 1 | %
Other |  |  |  |  | 17 | % |  | 18 | %
Total yield |  |  |  |  | 101 | % |  | 101 | %

_________________________________________
(1) See Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
(2) We define heavy crude oil as crude oil with American Petroleum Institute (“API”) gravity of less than 24 degrees. We define medium crude oil as crude oil with an API gravity between 24 and 35 degrees. We define light crude oil as crude oil with an API gravity higher than 35 degrees.
38

The table below summarizes certain market indicators relating to our operating results as reported by Platts, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies. Effective RIN basket price is recalculated based on information as reported by Argus.

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
|  |  |  |  | (dollars per barrel, except as noted)
Dated Brent crude oil |  |  |  |  | $ | 83.13 |  |  | $ | 81.09 |
West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil |  |  |  |  | $ | 77.01 |  |  | $ | 75.97 |
Light Louisiana Sweet (LLS) crude oil |  |  |  |  | $ | 79.72 |  |  | $ | 78.90 |
Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil |  |  |  |  | $ | 81.33 |  |  | $ | 79.01 |
Crack Spreads |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dated Brent (NYH) 2-1-1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 21.05 |  |  | $ | 31.53 |
WTI (Chicago) 4-3-1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 17.15 |  |  | $ | 29.07 |
LLS (Gulf Coast) 2-1-1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 24.46 |  |  | $ | 34.12 |
ANS (West Coast-LA) 4-3-1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 29.00 |  |  | $ | 38.45 |
ANS (West Coast-SF) 3-2-1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 27.93 |  |  | $ | 39.16 |
Crude Oil Differentials |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dated Brent (foreign) less WTI |  |  |  |  | $ | 6.11 |  |  | $ | 5.12 |
Dated Brent less Maya (heavy, sour) |  |  |  |  | $ | 13.65 |  |  | $ | 18.42 |
Dated Brent less WTS (sour) |  |  |  |  | $ | 5.79 |  |  | $ | 5.61 |
Dated Brent less ASCI (sour) |  |  |  |  | $ | 6.31 |  |  | $ | 7.39 |
WTI less WCS (heavy, sour) |  |  |  |  | $ | 17.57 |  |  | $ | 19.30 |
WTI less Bakken (light, sweet) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2.70 |  |  | $ | (2.90) |
WTI less Syncrude (light, sweet) |  |  |  |  | $ | 3.81 |  |  | $ | (3.04) |
WTI less LLS (light, sweet) |  |  |  |  | $ | (2.70) |  |  | $ | (2.93) |
WTI less ANS (light, sweet) |  |  |  |  | $ | (4.31) |  |  | $ | (3.04) |
Effective RIN basket price |  |  |  |  | $ | 3.69 |  |  | $ | 8.19 |
Natural gas (dollars per MMBTU) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2.10 |  |  | $ | 2.74 |

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Overview— PBF Energy net income was $107.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to net income of $385.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Net income attributable to PBF Energy stockholders was $106.6 million, or $0.86 per diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 ($0.86 per share on a fully-exchanged, fully-diluted basis based on adjusted fully-converted net income, or $0.85 per share on a fully-exchanged, fully-diluted basis based on adjusted fully-converted net income excluding special items, as described below in Non-GAAP Financial Measures), compared to net income attributable to PBF Energy stockholders of $382.1 million, or $2.86 per diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 ($2.86 per share on a fully-exchanged, fully-diluted basis based on adjusted fully-converted net income, or $2.76 per share on a fully-exchanged, fully-diluted basis based on adjusted fully-converted net income excluding special items, as described below in Non-GAAP Financial Measures). The net income attributable to PBF Energy stockholders represents PBF Energy’s equity interest in PBF LLC’s pre-tax income, less applicable income tax expense. PBF Energy’s weighted-average equity interest in PBF LLC was 99.3% for both the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
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Our results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were positively impacted by special items consisting of our share of the change to the SBR lower of cost or market (“LCM”) inventory reserve of $6.6 million, or $4.9 million net of tax and a change in fair value of our earn-out obligation associated with the acquisition of the Martinez refinery and logistics assets (the “Martinez Contingent Consideration”) of $3.3 million, or $2.4 million net of tax, partially offset by a loss on the formation of the SBR equity method investment of $8.7 million, or $6.4 million net of tax. Our results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were positively impacted by special items consisting of a change in fair value of the contingent consideration of $16.3 million, or $12.1 million net of tax, primarily related to the Martinez Contingent Consideration, and a gain on the sale of a parcel of land at our Torrance refinery of $1.7 million, or $1.3 million net of tax.
Excluding the impact of these special items, when comparing our results to the three months ended March 31, 2023, we experienced an overall decrease in our refining margins due to unfavorable movements in crack spreads, as well as planned maintenance at our Delaware City and Toledo refineries. In addition, the planned and unplanned maintenance experienced at our West Coast refineries during the fourth quarter of 2023 extended into the first quarter of 2024. These decreasing metrics combined with the timing of our maintenance activities have negatively impacted our revenues, gross margin, and operating income in comparison to the same period in 2023. During the first quarter of 2023, despite heavy turnaround activity at our refineries, the stronger cracks resulted in overall higher margins as compared to the first quarter of 2024.
Revenues— Revenues totaled $8.6 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $9.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of approximately $0.7 billion, or 7.5%. Revenues per barrel were $93.98 and $101.97 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, a decrease of 7.8% directly related to lower hydrocarbon commodity prices. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the total throughput rates at our East Coast, Mid-Continent, Gulf Coast and West Coast refineries averaged approximately 312,700 bpd, 112,300 bpd, 170,800 bpd and 301,600 bpd, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the total throughput rates at our East Coast, Mid-Continent, Gulf Coast and West Coast refineries averaged approximately 326,400 bpd, 93,200 bpd, 169,100 bpd and 262,500 bpd, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, total barrels sold at our East Coast, Mid-Continent, Gulf Coast and West Coast refineries averaged approximately 368,100 bpd, 125,600 bpd, 168,900 bpd and 348,300 bpd, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, total barrels sold at our East Coast, Mid-Continent, Gulf Coast and West Coast refineries averaged approximately 381,900 bpd, 115,700 bpd, 178,600 bpd and 336,700 bpd, respectively.
Overall average throughput rates were higher in the three months ended March 31, 2024 due to decreased maintenance activity when compared to the same period in 2023. We plan to continue operating our refineries based on demand and current market conditions. Total refined product barrels sold were slightly higher than throughput rates, reflecting sales from inventory as well as sales and purchases of refined products outside our refineries.
Consolidated Gross Margin— Consolidated gross margin totaled $218.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $576.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of approximately $358.2 million. Gross refining margin totaled $958.3 million, or $11.73 per barrel of throughput for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $1,405.8 million, or $18.35 per barrel of throughput for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of approximately $447.5 million. Consolidated gross margin and gross refining margin decreased due to unfavorable movements in the crack spreads at the majority of our refineries. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, our refining margin calculations were not impacted by special items.
Additionally, our results continue to be impacted by significant costs to comply with the RFS. Total RFS compliance costs were $129.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $181.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
40

Average industry margins were unfavorable during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to decreased refining margins as a result of unfavorable movements in the crack spreads at the majority of our refineries.
Favorable movements in these benchmark crude differentials typically result in lower crude costs and positively impact our earnings while reductions in these benchmark crude differentials typically result in higher crude costs and negatively impact our earnings.
On the East Coast, the Dated Brent (NYH) 2-1-1 industry crack spread was approximately $21.05 per barrel, or 33.2% lower, in the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to $31.53 per barrel in the same period in 2023. Our margins were positively impacted from our refinery specific slate on the East Coast by strengthened WTI/Bakken differential which increased by $5.60 per barrel, partially offset by a weakened Dated Brent/Maya which decreased by $4.77 per barrel, in comparison to the same period in 2023. The WTI/WCS differential decreased to $17.57 per barrel in the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $19.30 in the same period in 2023, which unfavorably impacted our cost of heavy Canadian crude.
Across the Mid-Continent, the WTI (Chicago) 4-3-1 industry crack spread was $17.15 per barrel, or 41.0% lower, in the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to $29.07 per barrel in the same period in 2023. Our margins were positively impacted from our refinery specific slate in the Mid-Continent by a strengthening WTI/Bakken and WTI/Syncrude differentials, which increased by $5.60 and $6.85 per barrel, respectively, in comparison to the same period in 2023.
On the Gulf Coast, the LLS (Gulf Coast) 2-1-1 industry crack spread was $24.46 per barrel, or 28.3% lower, in the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to $34.12 per barrel in the same period in 2023. Margins on the Gulf Coast were positively impacted from our refinery specific slate by a strengthened WTI/LLS differential, which averaged a premium of $2.70 per barrel for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to a premium of $2.93 per barrel in the same period of 2023.
On the West Coast, the ANS (West Coast) 4-3-1 industry crack spread was $29.00 per barrel, or 24.6% lower, in the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to $38.45 per barrel in the same period in 2023. Additionally (West Coast) 3-2-1 industry crack spread was $27.93 per barrel, or 28.7% lower, in the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to $39.16 per barrel in the same period in 2023. Our margins on the West Coast were negatively impacted from our refinery specific slate by a weakening WTI/ANS differential, which averaged a premium of $4.31 per barrel for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to a premium of $3.04 per barrel in the same period of 2023.
Operating Expenses— Operating expenses totaled $688.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $781.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of approximately $93.3 million, or 11.9%. Of the total $688.1 million in operating expenses, $654.7 million or $8.02 per barrel of throughput, related to expenses incurred by the Refining segment, while the remaining $33.4 million related to expenses incurred by the Logistics segment ($749.0 million or $9.78 per barrel of throughput, and $32.4 million of operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 related to the Refining and Logistics segments, respectively). The decrease in operating expenses was mainly attributable to lower maintenance costs and lower energy costs due to a decrease in natural gas prices.
General and Administrative Expenses— General and administrative expenses totaled $63.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $60.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of approximately $3.2 million or 5.3%. Our general and administrative expenses were slightly higher in comparison to the prior year due to higher employee-related expenses. General and administrative costs are comprised of personnel, facilities, and other infrastructure costs necessary to support our refineries and related logistics assets.
41

Loss on formation of SBR equity method investment— There was a loss of $8.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, associated with a reduction of our gain on formation of the SBR equity method investment.
Loss (Gain) on Sale of Assets— There was a net loss of $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 related primarily to the sale of non-operating refinery assets. There was a net gain of $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 related primarily to the sale of land at our Torrance refinery.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense— Depreciation and amortization expense totaled $144.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 (including $141.4 million recorded within Cost of sales) compared to $143.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (including $141.9 million recorded within Cost of sales), an increase of approximately $0.8 million. The increase was a result of a general increase in our fixed asset base due to capital projects and turnarounds completed since the first quarter of 2023.
Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration, net— Change in fair value of contingent consideration represented a gain of $3.3 million and $16.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively. These gains were primarily related to changes in the estimated fair value of the Martinez Contingent Consideration.
Change in Fair Value of Catalyst Obligations— Change in fair value of catalyst obligations represented a gain of $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. This gain related to the change in fair value of the precious metals underlying the sale and leaseback of our refineries’ precious metal catalysts, which we were obligated to repurchase at fair market value upon lease termination.
Interest Expense, net— PBF Energy interest expense totaled $10.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $18.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, a decrease of approximately $8.2 million. The net decrease is mainly attributable to the redemption of the PBFX 6.875% senior notes due 2023 (the “PBFX 2023 Senior Notes”) during the first quarter of 2023, the redemption of the 2025 Senior Notes in the third quarter of 2023, and the offering of our 2030 Senior Notes during the third quarter of 2023 at a reduced principal amount. Additionally, the early termination of the Third Inventory Intermediation Agreement in 2023 further reduced our interest expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, interest expense includes interest on long-term debt, letter of credit fees associated with the purchase of certain crude oils and the amortization of deferred financing costs.
Income Tax Expense— PBF LLC is organized as a limited liability company and PBFX is a partnership, both of which are treated as “flow-through” entities for federal income tax purposes and therefore are not subject to income tax. However, two subsidiaries of Chalmette Refining and our Canadian subsidiary, PBF Energy Limited, are treated as C-Corporations for income tax purposes and may incur income taxes with respect to their earnings, as applicable. The members of PBF LLC are required to include their proportionate share of PBF LLC’s taxable income or loss on their respective tax returns. PBF LLC generally makes distributions to its members, per the terms of PBF LLC’s amended and restated limited liability company agreement, related to such taxes, on a pro-rata basis. PBF Energy recognizes an income tax expense or benefit in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements based on PBF Energy’s allocable share of PBF LLC’s pre-tax income or loss, which was approximately 99.3% on a weighted-average basis for both the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023. PBF Energy’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not reflect any benefit or provision for income taxes on the pre-tax income or loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest in PBF LLC (although, as described above, PBF LLC must make tax distributions to all its members on a pro-rata basis). PBF Energy’s effective tax rate, including the impact of noncontrolling interest, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 was 20.6% and 24.9%, respectively.
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Noncontrolling Interest— PBF Energy is the sole managing member of, and has a controlling interest in, PBF LLC. As the sole managing member of PBF LLC, PBF Energy operates and controls all of the business and affairs of PBF LLC and its subsidiaries. PBF Energy consolidates the financial results of PBF LLC and its subsidiaries. With respect to the consolidation of PBF LLC, we record a noncontrolling interest for the economic interest in PBF LLC held by members other than PBF Energy, and with respect to the consolidation of PBF Holding, we record a 20% noncontrolling interest for the ownership interests in two subsidiaries of Chalmette Refining held by a third-party. The total noncontrolling interest on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations represents the portion of the Company’s earnings or loss attributable to the economic interests held by members of PBF LLC other than PBF Energy and by the third-party stockholders of certain of Chalmette Refining’s subsidiaries. The total noncontrolling interest on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets represents the portion of the Company’s net assets attributable to the economic interests held by the members of PBF LLC other than PBF Energy and by the third-party stockholders of the two Chalmette Refining subsidiaries. PBF Energy’s weighted-average equity noncontrolling interest ownership percentage in PBF LLC for both the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately 0.7%. The carrying amount of the noncontrolling interest on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets attributable to the noncontrolling interest is not equal to the noncontrolling interest ownership percentage due to the effect of income taxes and related agreements that pertain solely to PBF Energy.
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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Management uses certain financial measures to evaluate our operating performance that are calculated and presented on the basis of methodologies other than in accordance with GAAP (“Non-GAAP”). These measures should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), and our calculations thereof may not be comparable to similarly entitled measures reported by other companies.
Special Items
The Non-GAAP measures presented include Adjusted Fully-Converted Net Income excluding special items, gross refining margin excluding special items, EBITDA excluding special items and net debt to capitalization ratio excluding special items. Special items for the periods presented relate to our share of the SBR LCM inventory adjustment, net changes in fair value of contingent consideration, gains on land sales, and loss on the formation of the SBR equity method investment. See “Notes to Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for more details on all special items disclosed. Although we believe that Non-GAAP financial measures, excluding the impact of special items, provide useful supplemental information to investors regarding the results and performance of our business and allow for helpful period-over-period comparisons, such Non-GAAP measures should only be considered as a supplement to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, the financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Adjusted Fully-Converted Net Income and Adjusted Fully-Converted Net Income Excluding Special Items
PBF Energy utilizes results presented on an Adjusted Fully-Converted basis that reflect an assumed exchange of all PBF LLC Series A Units for shares of PBF Energy Class A common stock. In addition, we present results on an Adjusted Fully-Converted basis excluding special items as described above. We believe that these Adjusted Fully-Converted measures, when presented in conjunction with comparable GAAP measures, are useful to investors to compare PBF Energy results across different periods and to facilitate an understanding of our operating results.
Neither Adjusted Fully-Converted Net Income nor Adjusted Fully-Converted Net Income excluding special items should be considered an alternative to net income presented in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted Fully-Converted Net Income and Adjusted Fully-Converted Net Income excluding special items presented by other companies may not be comparable to our presentation, since each company may define these terms differently. The differences between Adjusted Fully-Converted and GAAP results are as follows:
1. Assumed exchange of all PBF LLC Series A Units for shares of PBF Energy Class A common stock. As a result of the assumed exchange of all PBF LLC Series A Units, the noncontrolling interest related to these units is converted to controlling interest. Management believes that it is useful to provide the per-share effect associated with the assumed exchange of all PBF LLC Series A Units.
2. Income Taxes. Prior to PBF Energy’s initial public offering (“IPO”), PBF Energy was organized as a limited liability company treated as a “flow-through” entity for income tax purposes, and even after PBF Energy’s IPO, not all of its earnings are subject to corporate-level income taxes. Adjustments have been made to the Adjusted Fully-Converted tax provisions and earnings to assume that PBF Energy had adopted its post-IPO corporate tax structure for all periods presented and is taxed as a C-corporation in the U.S. at the prevailing corporate rates. These assumptions are consistent with the assumption in clause 1 above that all PBF LLC Series A Units are exchanged for shares of PBF Energy Class A common stock, as the assumed exchange would change the amount of PBF Energy’s earnings that are subject to corporate income tax.
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The following table reconciles PBF Energy’s Adjusted Fully-Converted results with its results presented in accordance with GAAP for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in millions, except share and per share amounts):

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income attributable to PBF Energy Inc. stockholders |  |  |  |  | $ | 106.6 |  |  | $ | 382.1 |
Less: Income allocated to participating securities |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Income available to PBF Energy Inc. stockholders - basic |  |  |  |  | 106.6 |  |  | 382.1 |
Add: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest (1) |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 3.5 |
Less: Income tax expense (2) |  |  |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | (0.9) |
Adjusted fully-converted net income |  |  |  |  | $ | 107.3 |  |  | $ | 384.7 |
Special Items: (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Add: LCM inventory adjustment - SBR |  |  |  |  | (6.6) |  |  | — |
Add: Change in fair value of contingent consideration, net |  |  |  |  | (3.3) |  |  | (16.3) |
Add: Gain on land sales |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (1.7) |
Add: Loss on formation of SBR equity method investment |  |  |  |  | 8.7 |  |  | — |
Add: Recomputed income tax on special items |  |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 4.7 |
Adjusted fully-converted net income excluding special items |  |  |  |  | $ | 106.4 |  |  | $ | 371.4 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding of PBF Energy Inc. |  |  |  |  | 119,864,653 |  |  | 128,787,779 |
Conversion of PBF LLC Series A Units (4) |  |  |  |  | 862,780 |  |  | 910,457 |
Common stock equivalents (5) |  |  |  |  | 3,942,616 |  |  | 4,801,041 |
Fully-converted shares outstanding-diluted |  |  |  |  | 124,670,049 |  |  | 134,499,277 |
Diluted net income per share |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.86 |  |  | $ | 2.86 |
Adjusted fully-converted net income per fully exchanged, fully diluted shares outstanding (5) |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.86 |  |  | $ | 2.86 |
Adjusted fully-converted net income excluding special items per fully exchanged, fully diluted shares outstanding (3) (5) |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.85 |  |  | $ | 2.76 |

——————————
See Notes to Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
45

Gross Refining Margin and Gross Refining Margin Excluding Special Items
Gross refining margin is defined as consolidated gross margin excluding refining depreciation, refining operating expenses, and gross margin of the Logistics segment. We believe both gross refining margin and gross refining margin excluding special items are important measures of operating performance and provide useful information to investors because they are helpful metric comparisons to the industry refining margin benchmarks, as the refining margin benchmarks do not include a charge for refining operating expenses and depreciation. In order to assess our operating performance, we compare our gross refining margin (revenues less cost of products and other) to industry refining margin benchmarks and crude oil prices as defined in the table below.
Neither gross refining margin nor gross refining margin excluding special items should be considered an alternative to consolidated gross margin, income from operations, net cash flows from operating activities or any other measure of financial performance or liquidity presented in accordance with GAAP. Gross refining margin and gross refining margin excluding special items presented by other companies may not be comparable to our presentation, since each company may define these terms differently.
The following table presents our GAAP calculation of gross margin and a reconciliation of gross refining margin to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, consolidated gross margin, on a historical basis, as applicable, for each of the periods indicated (in millions, except per barrel amounts):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| $ |  | per barrel of throughput |  | $ |  | per barrel of throughput
Calculation of consolidated gross margin: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 8,645.6 |  |  | $ | 105.86 |  |  | $ | 9,295.0 |  |  | $ | 121.34 |
Less: Cost of sales | 8,427.4 |  |  | 103.18 |  |  | 8,718.6 |  |  | 113.81 |
Consolidated gross margin | $ | 218.2 |  |  | $ | 2.68 |  |  | $ | 576.4 |  |  | $ | 7.53 |
Reconciliation of consolidated gross margin to gross refining margin: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated gross margin | $ | 218.2 |  |  | $ | 2.68 |  |  | $ | 576.4 |  |  | $ | 7.53 |
Add: Logistics operating expense | 37.7 |  |  | 0.46 |  |  | 37.0 |  |  | 0.48 |
Add: Logistics depreciation expense | 9.1 |  |  | 0.11 |  |  | 9.0 |  |  | 0.12 |
Less: Logistics gross margin | (93.7) |  |  | (1.16) |  |  | (98.5) |  |  | (1.29) |
Add: Refining operating expense | 654.7 |  |  | 8.02 |  |  | 749.0 |  |  | 9.78 |
Add: Refining depreciation expense | 132.3 |  |  | 1.62 |  |  | 132.9 |  |  | 1.73 |
Gross refining margin | $ | 958.3 |  |  | $ | 11.73 |  |  | $ | 1,405.8 |  |  | $ | 18.35 |
Gross refining margin excluding special items | $ | 958.3 |  |  | $ | 11.73 |  |  | $ | 1,405.8 |  |  | $ | 18.35 |

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See Notes to Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
46

EBITDA, EBITDA Excluding Special Items and Adjusted EBITDA
Our management uses earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), EBITDA excluding special items and Adjusted EBITDA as measures of operating performance to assist in comparing performance from period to period on a consistent basis and to readily view operating trends, as a measure for planning and forecasting overall expectations and for evaluating actual results against such expectations, and in communications with our Board of Directors, creditors, analysts and investors concerning our financial performance. Our outstanding indebtedness for borrowed money and other contractual obligations also include similar measures as a basis for certain covenants under those agreements which may differ from the Adjusted EBITDA definition described below.
EBITDA, EBITDA excluding special items and Adjusted EBITDA are not presentations made in accordance with GAAP and our computation of EBITDA, EBITDA excluding special items and Adjusted EBITDA may vary from others in our industry. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA contains some, but not all, adjustments that are taken into account in the calculation of the components of various covenants in the agreements governing our senior notes and other credit facilities. EBITDA, EBITDA excluding special items and Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as alternatives to income from operations or net income as measures of operating performance. In addition, EBITDA, EBITDA excluding special items and Adjusted EBITDA are not presented as, and should not be considered, an alternative to cash flows from operations as a measure of liquidity. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA before adjustments for items such as stock-based compensation expense, change in the fair value of catalyst obligations, our share of the SBR LCM inventory adjustment, net change in the fair value of contingent consideration, gains on land sales, loss on the formation of the SBR equity method investment and certain other non-cash items. Other companies, including other companies in our industry, may calculate EBITDA, EBITDA excluding special items and Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures. EBITDA, EBITDA excluding special items and Adjusted EBITDA also have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations include that EBITDA, EBITDA excluding special items and Adjusted EBITDA:
•do not reflect depreciation expense or our cash expenditures, or future requirements, for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;
•do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
•do not reflect our interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debt;
•do not reflect realized and unrealized gains and losses from certain hedging activities, which may have a substantial impact on our cash flow;
•do not reflect certain other non-cash income and expenses; and
•exclude income taxes that may represent a reduction in available cash.
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The following tables reconcile net income as reflected in PBF Energy’s results of operations to EBITDA, EBITDA excluding special items and Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented (in millions):

|  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and EBITDA excluding special items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  | $ | 107.5 |  |  | $ | 385.9 |
Add: Depreciation and amortization expense |  |  |  |  | 144.6 |  |  | 143.8 |
Add: Interest expense, net |  |  |  |  | 10.5 |  |  | 18.7 |
Add: Income tax expense |  |  |  |  | 27.7 |  |  | 126.5 |
EBITDA |  |  |  |  | $ | 290.3 |  |  | $ | 674.9 |
Special Items(3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Add: LCM inventory adjustment - SBR |  |  |  |  | (6.6) |  |  | — |
Add: Change in fair value of contingent consideration, net |  |  |  |  | (3.3) |  |  | (16.3) |
Add: Gain on land sales |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (1.7) |
Add: Loss on formation of SBR equity method investment |  |  |  |  | 8.7 |  |  | — |
EBITDA excluding special items |  |  |  |  | $ | 289.1 |  |  | $ | 656.9 |
Reconciliation of EBITDA to Adjusted EBITDA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
EBITDA |  |  |  |  | $ | 290.3 |  |  | $ | 674.9 |
Add: Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  | 12.4 |  |  | 9.2 |
Add: Change in fair value of catalyst obligations |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (0.7) |
Add: LCM inventory adjustment - SBR(3) |  |  |  |  | (6.6) |  |  | — |
Add: Change in fair value of contingent consideration, net(3) |  |  |  |  | (3.3) |  |  | (16.3) |
Add: Gain on land sales(3) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (1.7) |
Add: Loss on formation of SBR equity method investment(3) |  |  |  |  | 8.7 |  |  | — |
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  |  |  | $ | 301.5 |  |  | $ | 665.4 |

——————————
See Notes to Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
48

Net Debt to Capitalization Ratio and Net Debt to Capitalization Ratio Excluding Special Items
The total debt to capitalization ratio is calculated by dividing total debt by the sum of total debt and total equity. This ratio is a measurement that management believes is useful to investors in analyzing our leverage. Net debt and the net debt to capitalization ratio are Non-GAAP measures. Net debt is calculated by subtracting cash and cash equivalents from total debt. Total capitalization is calculated by adding total debt and total equity. We believe these measurements are also useful to investors since we have the ability to and may decide to use a portion of our cash and cash equivalents to retire or pay down our debt. Additionally, we have also presented the total debt to capitalization and net debt to capitalization ratios excluding the cumulative effects of special items on equity.

|  |  |  |  | March 31, |  | December 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Balance Sheet Data: |  |  |  |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,441.5 |  |  | $ | 1,783.5 |
| Inventories | 2,891.3 |  |  | 3,183.1 |
| Total assets | 13,808.2 |  |  | 14,387.8 |
| Total debt | 1,248.6 |  |  | 1,245.9 |
| Net debt |  |  |  | (192.9) |  |  | (537.6) |
| Total equity | 6,598.2 |  |  | 6,631.3 |
| Total equity excluding special items (6) | 5,523.4 |  |  | 5,557.4 |
| Total capitalization | $ | 7,846.8 |  |  | $ | 7,877.2 |
| Total debt to capitalization ratio | 16 | % |  | 16 | %
| Total debt to capitalization ratio, excluding special items (6) | 18 | % |  | 18 | %
| Net debt to capitalization ratio* | (3) | % |  | (9) | %
| Net debt to capitalization ratio, excluding special items* (6) | (4) | % |  | (11) | %
| * Negative ratio exists as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 as cash is in excess of debt.

——————————
See Notes to Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
49

Notes to Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following notes are applicable to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures above:
(1) Represents the elimination of the noncontrolling interest associated with the ownership by the members of PBF LLC other than PBF Energy, as if such members had fully exchanged their PBF LLC Series A Units for shares of PBF Energy Class A common stock.
(2) Represents an adjustment to reflect PBF Energy’s estimated annualized statutory corporate tax rate of approximately 26.0% for the 2024 and 2023 periods, applied to net income attributable to noncontrolling interest for all periods presented. The adjustment assumes the full exchange of existing PBF LLC Series A Units as described in (1) above.
(3) Special items:
SBR LCM inventory adjustment - The LCM Adjustment is a GAAP requirement related to inventory valuation that mandates inventory to be stated at the lower of cost or market. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, SBR recorded an adjustment to value its inventory to the LCM which increased its income from operations by $13.2 million. Our Equity loss in investee includes our 50% share of this adjustment. This LCM adjustment increased our income from operations and net income by $6.6 million and $4.9 million, respectively.
Change in fair value of contingent consideration, net - During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recorded a net change in fair value of the Martinez Contingent Consideration which increased income from operations and net income by $3.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded a change in fair value of the Martinez Contingent Consideration, which increased income from operations and net income by $16.3 million and $12.1 million, respectively.
Loss on formation of SBR equity method investment - During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recorded a reduction of our gain associated with the formation of the SBR equity method investment, which decreased income from operations and net income by $8.7 million and $6.4 million, respectively. There was no such gain or loss during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Gain on land sales - During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded a gain on the sale of a separate parcel of real property acquired as part of the Torrance refinery, but not part of the refinery itself, which increased income from operations and net income by $1.7 million and $1.3 million, respectively. There were no gains or losses on land sales during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Recomputed income tax on special items - The income tax impact on these special items is calculated using the tax rates shown in (2) above.
(4) Represents an adjustment to weighted-average diluted shares outstanding to assume the full exchange of existing PBF LLC Series A Units as described in (1) above.
(5) Represents weighted-average diluted shares outstanding assuming the conversion of all common stock equivalents, including options and warrants for PBF LLC Series A Units and performance share units and options for shares of PBF Energy Class A common stock as calculated under the treasury stock method (to the extent the impact of such exchange would not be anti-dilutive) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Common stock equivalents exclude the effects of performance share units and options and warrants to purchase 29,500 shares of PBF Energy Class A common stock and PBF LLC Series A units because they are anti-dilutive for the three months ended March 31, 2023. For periods showing a net loss, all common stock equivalents and unvested restricted stock are considered anti-dilutive.
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(6) Total Equity excluding special items is calculated in the table below:

|  |  |  | March 31, |  | December 31,
|  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
|  |  |  | (in millions)
Total equity | $ | 6,598.2 |  |  | $ | 6,631.3 |
Special Items (Note 3) |  |  |
Add: LCM inventory adjustment - SBR | 32.1 |  |  | 38.7 |
Add: Change in fair value of contingent consideration, net | (62.1) |  |  | (58.8) |
Add: Gain on land sales | (89.5) |  |  | (89.5) |
Add: Gain on formation of SBR equity method investment | (916.4) |  |  | (925.1) |
Add: Cumulative historical equity adjustments (a) | (404.4) |  |  | (404.4) |
Less: Recomputed income tax on special items | 365.5 |  |  | 365.2 |
Net impact of special items | (1,074.8) |  |  | (1,073.9) |
Total equity excluding special items | $ | 5,523.4 |  |  | $ | 5,557.4 |

——————————
(a) Refer to the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Notes to Non-GAAP Financial Measures” within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations) for a listing of special items included in cumulative historical equity adjustments prior to 2024.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Our primary sources of liquidity are our cash flows from operations, cash and cash equivalents and borrowing availability under our credit facility, as described below. We believe that our cash flows from operations and available capital resources will be sufficient to meet our and our subsidiaries’ capital expenditures, working capital needs, dividend payments, debt service requirements, share repurchases under our share repurchase program, as well as PBF Energy’s obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement, for the next twelve months. However, our ability to generate sufficient cash flow from operations depends, in part, on petroleum oil market pricing and general economic, political, and other factors beyond our control. As of March 31, 2024, we are in compliance with all covenants, including financial covenants, in all our debt agreements.
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Cash Flow Analysis
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $15.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $437.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Our operating cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 include our net income of $107.5 million, depreciation and amortization of $148.5 million, pension and other post-retirement benefits costs of $13.0 million, stock-based compensation of $12.4 million, a loss on formation of the SBR equity method investment of $8.7 million, deferred income taxes of $5.2 million, loss from equity method investment of $0.8 million, and loss on sale of assets of $0.5 million, partially offset by a net change in the fair value of the Martinez Contingent Consideration of $3.3 million. In addition, net changes in operating assets and liabilities reflected uses of cash of $277.5 million primarily driven by the timing of payments for accrued expenses, accounts payable, and payments made under the Tax Receivable Agreement. Our operating cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 included our net income of $385.9 million, depreciation and amortization of $150.1 million, deferred income taxes of $42.4 million, pension and other post-retirement benefits costs of $12.0 million, and stock-based compensation of $9.2 million, partially offset by a net change in fair value of the Martinez Contingent Consideration of $16.3 million, net non-cash charges related to changes in fair value of our inventory repurchase obligations of $4.2 million, gain on sale of assets of $1.6 million, and a change in the fair value of our catalyst obligations of $0.7 million. In addition, net changes in operating assets and liabilities reflected uses of cash of $139.2 million, driven by the timing of inventory purchases, payments for accrued expenses and accounts payable, and collections of accounts receivable. Change in accrued expenses was due primarily to a decrease in renewable energy credit and emissions obligations, as a result of a decrease in our unfunded RINs obligation.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $284.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $378.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The net cash flows used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was comprised of cash outflows of capital expenditures totaling $139.6 million, expenditures for refinery turnarounds of $140.6 million, and expenditures for other assets of $4.5 million, partially offset by a return of capital from our equity method investee of $0.3 million. The net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was comprised of cash outflows of capital expenditures totaling $239.8 million, expenditures for refinery turnarounds of $127.7 million, and expenditures for other assets of $15.6 million, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of assets of $4.4 million.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $73.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to net cash used in financing activities of $646.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash used in financing activities consisted of share repurchases of PBF Energy’s Class A Common stock of $125.0 million, dividends and distributions of $30.5 million, payments on finance leases of $3.0 million, and deferred financing costs and other of $0.1 million, partially offset by proceeds from insurance premium financing of $78.2 million and transactions made in connection with stock-based compensation plans of $7.0 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities consisted of the redemption of the PBFX 2023 Senior Notes of $525.0 million, share repurchases of PBF Energy’s Class A Common stock of $167.6 million, distributions and dividends of $26.0 million, payments on finance leases of $2.9 million, and deferred financing costs and other of $0.5 million, partially offset by proceeds from insurance premium financing of $61.2 million and transactions made in connection with stock-based compensation plans of $14.4 million.
52

Liquidity
As of March 31, 2024, our operational liquidity was more than $4.2 billion (more than $4.6 billion as of December 31, 2023), which consists of $1.4 billion of cash, and more than $2.8 billion of borrowing availability under our Revolving Credit Facility, which includes our cash on hand.
As of March 31, 2024, outstanding letters of credit totaled approximately $62.5 million.
We may incur additional indebtedness in the future, including secured indebtedness, subject to the satisfaction of any debt incurrence and, if applicable, lien incurrence limitation covenants in our existing financing agreements.
Share Repurchases
On May 3, 2023, our Board of Directors approved an increase in the repurchase authorization amount under the Repurchase Program from $500.0 million to $1.0 billion and extended the program expiration date to December 2025. On February 13, 2024, our of Directors approved an increase in the repurchase authorization amount under the Repurchase Program from $1.0 billion to $1.75 billion. To date, we have purchased approximately 19,695,553 shares of PBF Energy's Class A common stock under the Repurchase Program for $847.5 million, inclusive of commissions paid, through open market transactions. We may make additional share repurchases in the future, but we are not obligated to purchase any shares under the Repurchase Program, and repurchases could be suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice.
Working Capital
Our working capital at March 31, 2024 was $2,040.8 million, consisting of $5,822.0 million in total current assets and $3,781.2 million in total current liabilities. Our working capital at December 31, 2023 was $2,379.3 million, consisting of $6,596.6 million in total current assets and $4,217.3 million in total current liabilities.
Capital Spending
Capital spending was $284.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and was primarily comprised of annual maintenance and turnaround costs at our Delaware City and Toledo refineries. Capital spending also included costs associated with safety related enhancements and facility improvements at our refineries and logistics assets. We currently expect to spend an aggregate of approximately $800.0 million to $850.0 million during full-year 2024 for facility improvements and refinery maintenance and turnarounds, as well as expenditures to meet environmental, regulatory and safety requirements.
Crude and Feedstock Supply Agreements
We currently purchase all of our crude and feedstock needs from various suppliers, primarily through short-term and spot market agreements. We also have a crude supply agreement with Saudi Aramco, the term of which is currently year to year, for up to approximately 100,000 bpd that is processed at the Paulsboro refinery and crude supply agreements with Shell Trading (US) Company (primarily serving our Martinez refinery) for up to approximately 65,000 bpd, through 2026.
53

Tax Receivable Agreement Obligation
PBF Energy has recognized, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, a liability for the Tax Receivable Agreement of $291.8 million and $336.6 million, respectively, reflecting the estimated undiscounted amounts that PBF Energy expects to pay under the agreement, net of any deferred tax asset valuation allowance recognized in accordance with ASC 740. As of March 31, 2024, $121.8 million of the Tax Receivable Agreement obligation is recorded as a current liability and represents PBF Energy’s best estimate of payments to be made within a year. As of December 31, 2023, $43.0 million of the Tax Receivable Agreement obligation was recorded as a current liability and represented the amount paid in January 2024 related to the 2022 tax year. As future taxable income is recorded, increases in PBF Energy’s Tax Receivable Agreement liability may be necessary in conjunction with the revaluation of deferred tax assets. If PBF Energy does not have taxable income, PBF Energy generally is not required (absent a change of control or circumstances requiring an early termination payment) to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement for that taxable year because no benefit will have been actually realized. However, any tax benefits that do not result in realized benefits in a given tax year will likely generate tax attributes that may be utilized to generate benefits in previous or future tax years. The utilization of such tax attributes will result in payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement.
These payment obligations, if any, are obligations of PBF Energy and not of PBF LLC or any of its subsidiaries. However, because PBF Energy is a holding company with no operations of its own, PBF Energy’s ability to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement is dependent upon a number of factors, including its subsidiaries’ ability to make distributions for the benefit of PBF LLC’s members, including PBF Energy, its ability, if necessary, to finance its obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement and existing indebtedness which may limit PBF Energy’s subsidiaries’ ability to make distributions.
The foregoing are merely estimates - the actual payments could differ materially. It is possible that future transactions or events could increase or decrease the actual tax benefits realized and the corresponding Tax Receivable Agreement payments.
Dividends and Distributions
PBF Energy
On May 2, 2024, PBF Energy announced a dividend of $0.25 per share on outstanding PBF Energy Class A common stock. The dividend is payable on May 30, 2024 to PBF Energy Class A common stockholders of record at the close of business on May 16, 2024. PBF LLC intends to make pro-rata distributions of approximately $30.0 million, or $0.25 per unit to its members, including PBF Energy, which in turn, intends to use this distribution to fund the dividend payments to the shareholders of PBF Energy.
PBF Energy currently intends to continue to pay quarterly cash dividends on its Class A common stock. However, the declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends on shares of PBF Energy Class A common stock will be at the sole discretion of PBF Energy’s Board of Directors, and we are not obligated under any applicable laws, our governing documents or any contractual agreements with our existing owners or otherwise to declare or pay any dividends or other distributions (other than the obligations of PBF LLC to make tax distributions to its members).
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to market risks, including changes in commodity prices and interest rates. Our primary commodity price risk is associated with the difference between the prices we sell our refined products and the prices we pay for crude oil and other feedstocks. We may use derivative instruments to manage the risks from changes in the prices of crude oil and refined products, natural gas, interest rates, or to capture market opportunities.
54

Commodity Price Risk
Our earnings, cash flow and liquidity are significantly affected by a variety of factors beyond our control, including the supply of, and demand for, crude oil, other feedstocks, refined products, and natural gas. The supply of and demand for these commodities depend on, among other factors, changes in domestic and foreign economies, weather conditions, domestic and foreign political affairs, planned and unplanned downtime in refineries, pipelines and production facilities, production levels, the availability of imports, the marketing of competitive and alternative fuels, and the extent of government regulation. As a result, the prices of these commodities can be volatile. Our revenues fluctuate significantly with movements in industry refined product prices, our cost of sales fluctuates significantly with movements in crude oil and feedstock prices and our operating expenses fluctuate with movements in the price of natural gas. We manage our exposure to these commodity price risks through our supply and offtake agreements as well as through the use of various commodity derivative instruments.
We may use non-trading derivative instruments to manage exposure to commodity price risks associated with the purchase or sale of crude oil and feedstocks, finished products and natural gas outside of our supply and offtake agreements. The derivative instruments we use include physical commodity contracts and exchange-traded and over-the-counter financial instruments. We mark-to-market our commodity derivative instruments and recognize the changes in their fair value in our statements of operations.
At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had gross open commodity derivative contracts representing 41.8 million barrels and 29.1 million barrels, respectively, with an unrealized net gain of $14.1 million and $33.2 million, respectively. The open commodity derivative contracts as of March 31, 2024 expire at various times during 2024.
We carry inventories of crude oil, intermediates, and refined products (“hydrocarbon inventories”) on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, the values of which are subject to fluctuations in market prices. Our hydrocarbon inventories totaled approximately 32.9 million barrels and 36.2 million barrels at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The average cost of our hydrocarbon inventories was approximately $83.30 and $83.64 per barrel on a last-in-first-out (“LIFO”) basis at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the replacement value of inventory exceeded the LIFO carrying value. If market prices of our inventory decline to a level below our average cost, we may be required to write down the carrying value of our hydrocarbon inventories to market.
Our predominant variable operating cost is energy, which is comprised primarily of natural gas and electricity. We are therefore sensitive to movements in natural gas prices. Assuming normal operating conditions, we expect our annual consumption to range from 75 million to 95 million MMBTUs of natural gas amongst our six refineries. Accordingly, a $1.00 per MMBTU change in natural gas prices would increase or decrease our natural gas costs by approximately $75.0 million to $95.0 million.
Compliance Program Price Risk
We are exposed to market risks related to our obligations to buy, and the volatility in the price of, credits needed to comply with various governmental and regulatory compliance programs, which include RINs, required to comply with the RFS. Our overall RINs obligation is based on a percentage of our domestic shipments of on-road fuels as established by Environmental Protection Agency. To the degree we are unable to blend the required amount of biofuels to satisfy our RINs obligation, we must purchase RINs on the open market. To mitigate the impact of the market risk relating to our obligations on our results of operations and cash flows, we may elect to purchase RINs or other environmental credits as part of our liability management strategy. We also have the ability to purchase RINs directly from SBR.
55

In addition, we are exposed to risks associated with complying with federal and state legislative and regulatory measures to address GHG and other emissions. Requirements to reduce emissions could result in increased costs to operate and maintain our facilities as well as implement and manage new emission controls and programs put in place. Compliance with such emission standards may require the purchase of emission credits or similar instruments.
Certain of these compliance contracts or instruments qualify as derivative instruments. For certain of these contracts, we elect the normal purchase normal sale exception under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, for such instruments, and therefore do not record these contracts at their fair value.
Interest Rate Risk
The maximum commitment under our Revolving Credit Facility is $3.5 billion. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest either at the Alternative Base Rate plus the Applicable Margin or at the Term SOFR plus the Applicable Margin, all as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement. At March 31, 2024, we had no outstanding balance in variable interest debt. If this facility were fully drawn, a 1.0% change in the interest rate would increase or decrease our interest expense by approximately $23.6 million annually.
Credit Risk
We are subject to risk of losses resulting from nonpayment or nonperformance by our counterparties. We continue to closely monitor the creditworthiness of customers to whom we grant credit and establish credit limits in accordance with our credit policy.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We conducted evaluations, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of March 31, 2024. Based upon these evaluations, as required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b), the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of March 31, 2024.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
In connection with the acquisition of the Torrance refinery and related logistics assets, we assumed certain pre-existing environmental liabilities related to certain environmental remediation obligations to address existing soil and groundwater contamination and monitoring activities, which reflect the estimated cost of the remediation obligations. In addition, in connection with the acquisition of the Torrance refinery and related logistics assets, we purchased a ten-year, $100.0 million environmental insurance policy to insure against unknown environmental liabilities.
We currently have multiple outstanding notices of violation (“NOVs”) issued by regulatory authorities for various alleged regulation and permit violations at our refineries. It is not possible to predict the outcome of any of these NOVs or the amount of the penalties that will be assessed in connection with any NOV. If any one or more of them were decided against us, we believe that there would be no material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. SEC regulations require us to disclose certain information about proceedings arising under federal, state, or local provisions regulating the discharge of materials into the environment or primarily for the purpose of protecting the environment, if a governmental authority is a party to such proceeding and such proceeding involves potential monetary sanctions, exclusive of interest and costs, that exceeds a specified threshold. We use a threshold of $1 million for such determination because we believe that such threshold is reasonably designed to result in disclosure of any such proceeding that is material to the business or financial condition.
On November 24, 2022, the Martinez refinery, owned and operated by Martinez Refinery Company LLC (“MRC”), experienced a spent catalyst release that is currently being investigated by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (“BAAQMD”), Contra Costa County (“CCC”), the Department of Justice and the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), and the California Department of Fish and Game (“DFG”). To date, the BAAQMD has issued 35 NOVs, the CCC has issued two NOVs, and the DFG has made findings relating to the spent catalyst incident. On July 11, 2023 and October 6, 2023, the Martinez refinery experienced unintentional releases of petroleum coke dust and received inquiries or notices of investigation from the BAAQMD, the California Department of Industrial Relations, Division of Occupational Safety and Health (“CalOSHA”), the CCC, and the EPA. The BAAQMD also issued an NOV relating to the July 11, 2023 coke dust incident and an NOV relating to the October 6, 2023 coke dust incident. On December 15, 2023, the Martinez refinery experienced an unexpected flaring incident, and subsequently on December 18, 2023 a brush fire incident, and has received inquiries or notices of investigation from the BAAQMD, CalOSHA, and the CCC. The BAAQMD additionally issued an NOV relating to the December 15, 2023 flaring incident and four NOVs relating to the December 18, 2023 brush fire incident. The DFG, the CCC, and the BAAQMD have referred their findings and/or NOVs to the CCC District Attorney for the spent catalyst incident and various other incidents. On November 16, 2023, the CCC District Attorney and the BAAQMD announced a joint civil enforcement action against MRC that will include enforcement of the BAAQMD’s, the CCC’s, and the DFG’s claims from the spent catalyst incident, as well as additional enforcement claims from various incidents. For the spent catalyst, coke dust, flaring, brush fire, and other incidents, no penalties have been assessed to date by the various agencies, but it is reasonable to expect that, individually or in the aggregate, the amount of such penalties when assessed may exceed $1 million.
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On September 27, 2023, MRC received from the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board (“RWQCB”) an Administrative Civil Liability (“ACL”) assessment in the amount of $13.8 million for allegedly: (1) exceeding its effluent limitations and discharging to the Carquinez Strait without authorization in October 2022, January 2023, and June 2023; and (2) failing to submit Climate Change Adaptation information. On January 12, 2024, MRC met with the RWQCB to discuss its response to their ACL assessment. Based on the discussions and the information provided by MRC, the RWQCB proposed reducing the ACL assessment to approximately $4.5 million and noted that for any settlement 50% of the penalty could be in the form of an Enhanced Compliance Actions (“ECA”), a Supplemental Environmental Project (“SEP”), or a combination of the two. On January 19, 2024, MRC agreed to accept the reduced ACL, with 50% of the approximately $4.5 million dedicated to an ECA and SEP. On March 28, 2024, MRC agreed to a SEP that would fund marsh restoration near the Martinez refinery in the amount of $2.25 million. The parties are currently drafting the settlement agreement and stipulation for entry of administrative civil liability order. Once it is finalized, it will be presented to the RWQCB’s Board for final approval.
On February 17, 2017, in Arnold Goldstein, et al. v. Exxon Mobil Corporation, et al., we and PBF LLC, and our subsidiaries, PBF Western Region LLC and Torrance Refining Company LLC and the manager of our Torrance refinery along with ExxonMobil were named as defendants in a class action and representative action complaint. The complaint was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles and alleges negligence, strict liability, ultra-hazardous activity, a continuing private nuisance, a permanent private nuisance, a continuing public nuisance, a permanent public nuisance and trespass resulting from the February 18, 2015 electrostatic precipitator (“ESP”) explosion at the Torrance refinery which was then owned and operated by ExxonMobil. The operation of the Torrance refinery by the PBF entities subsequent to our acquisition in July 2016 is also referenced in the complaint. To the extent that plaintiffs’ claims relate to the ESP explosion, ExxonMobil retained responsibility for any liabilities that would arise from the lawsuit pursuant to the agreement relating to the acquisition of the Torrance refinery. On July 2, 2018, the Court granted leave to plaintiffs to file a Second Amended Complaint alleging groundwater contamination. With the filing of the Second Amended Complaint, plaintiffs added an additional plaintiff, Hany Youssef. On October 15, 2019, the judge granted certification to two limited classes of property owners with Youssef as the sole class representative and named plaintiff, rejecting two other proposed subclasses based on negligence and on strict liability for ultrahazardous activities. The certified subclasses relate to trespass claims for ground contamination and nuisance for air emissions. On May 5, 2021, the Court granted plaintiffs leave to amend their complaint for the third time to substitute Navarro for Youssef. On July 5, 2022, the Court issued a final order ruling that plaintiffs’ Motion to Substitute Navarro as Class Representative was denied and decertifying both of plaintiffs’ proposed Air and Ground Subclasses. The order provided that the case will proceed with Navarro as the sole plaintiff. On September 22, 2022, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed. On February 27, 2023, the Court issued an order granting our motion for judgment on the pleadings and dismissed plaintiff’s trespass claim with prejudice and granted plaintiff leave to amend his nuisance claims in conformity with the order if he can do so consistent with Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedures. On March 27, 2023, plaintiff filed a Fourth Amended Complaint relating to the remaining nuisance claims. On May 23, 2023, the Court denied our motion to dismiss on the pleadings for plaintiff’s failure to establish standing to bring the nuisance claims. After completing further discovery, on August 28, 2023, we filed a Motion for Summary Judgment. On October 18, 2023, the Court issued an order granting our motion, adjudged that plaintiff take nothing, and that the action be dismissed with prejudice. The order also allows us to recover the costs of suit pursuant to a bill of costs. On October 30, 2023, plaintiff filed a notice of appeal to the Ninth Circuit regarding the Court’s order granting summary judgment and the Court has granted them an extension to file their opening brief, which is now due May 20, 2024. We presently believe the outcome of this litigation will not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
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On August 16, 2023, in Joseph Piscitelli and Lara Zanzucchi v. Martinez Refining Company LLC, our subsidiary MRC was named as a defendant in a class action and representative action complaint which contains allegations of public and private nuisance, trespass, and negligence arising from MRC’s operations. MRC filed its answer to the complaint on October 31, 2023. The initial Court hearing to discuss discovery issues was held on January 2, 2024. At the hearing, the Court raised the issue of mediation and directed the parties to meet and confer and agree to stipulate to a mediation deadline. On January 9, 2024, the parties filed a stipulation agreeing to consider private mediation by September 20, 2024. On January 17, 2024, the Court issued a scheduling order setting the class certification hearing for April 10, 2025. On April 4, 2024, the Court granted plaintiffs’ motion for leave to file a First Amendment Complaint (“FAC”) to add plaintiff Malan and dismiss plaintiff Zanzucchi, which plaintiffs filed on April 10, 2024. On the same day, the Court granted plaintiffs’ motion. MRC filed its answer to the FAC on April 23, 2024. The parties are currently engaged in discovery. We presently believe the outcome will not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
On December 15, 2023, in Alena Cruz and Shannon Payne vs. PBF Energy Inc., et. al, we and our subsidiaries PBF Energy Western Region and MRC were named as defendants in a class action and representative action complaint filed by Alena Cruz and Shannon Payne, and on behalf of all others similarly situated. The complaint contains allegations of Clean Air Act violations, claims for medical and environmental monitoring, liability for ultrahazardous activities, negligence, and public and private nuisance from MRC’s operations. The proposed class is all individuals who reside and/or work in the City of Martinez, including the surrounding communities of Alhambra Valley and Franklin Canyon, as well as El Sobrante, Hercules, Benicia, and Richmond, who have allegedly been exposed to elevated levels of spent catalyst discharged from MRC’s operations during the period November 24, 2022 to the present. On December 21, 2023, plaintiffs granted an extension until February 5, 2024 for MRC to respond to the initial complaint. On February 5, 2024, MRC filed a motion to dismiss on the pleadings. In response, on February 16, 2024, plaintiffs filed a FAC. On February 29, 2024, MRC filed a motion to dismiss the FAC on the pleadings. Plaintiffs’ opposition was filed on March 14, 2024. MRC filed its reply to plaintiffs’ opposition on March 21, 2024. At the motion hearing on April 4, 2024, the Court granted MRC’s request to dismiss all wrongly named PBF entities and plaintiffs’ Clean Air Act and Medical Monitoring causes of action. At the following Status Conference on April 4, 2024, the Court agreed that the Cruz and Piscitelli cases should now be related. The Court ordered the Cruz and Piscitelli plaintiffs to meet and confer on a joint discovery schedule and report back to the Court by the end of April 2024. MRC’s renewed motion to relate the Cruz and Piscitelli cases was filed on April 26, 2024. We presently believe the outcome will not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
The federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (“CERCLA”), also known as “Superfund,” imposes liability, without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct, on certain classes of persons who are considered to be responsible for the release of a “hazardous substance” into the environment. These persons include the current or former owner or operator of the disposal site or sites where the release occurred and companies that disposed of or arranged for the disposal of the hazardous substances. Under CERCLA, such persons may be subject to joint and several liability for investigation and the costs of cleaning up the hazardous substances that have been released into the environment, for damages to natural resources and for the costs of certain health studies. As discussed more fully above, certain of our sites are subject to these laws and we may be held liable for investigation and remediation costs or claims for natural resource damages. It is not uncommon for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by hazardous substances or other pollutants released into the environment. Analogous state laws impose similar responsibilities and liabilities on responsible parties. In our current normal operations, we have generated waste, some of which falls within the statutory definition of a “hazardous substance” and some of which may have been disposed of at sites that may require cleanup under Superfund.
As the ultimate outcomes of the pending matters discussed above are uncertain, we cannot currently estimate the final amount or timing of their resolution, but any such amount is not expected to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, individually or in the aggregate.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Exchange of PBF LLC Series A Units to PBF Energy Class A Common Stock
In the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no exchanges of PBF LLC Series A Units for shares of PBF Energy Class A common stock in transactions exempt from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.
Share Repurchase Program
The following table summarizes PBF Energy’s Class A common stock share repurchase activity during the three months ended March 31, 2024:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share (2) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan |  | Approximately Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under Plan (in millions) (3)
January 1-31, 2024 |  | 728,107 |  |  | $ | 43.28 |  |  | 728,107 |  |  | $ | 1,029.6 |
February 1-29, 2024 |  | 791,611 |  |  | 49.57 |  |  | 791,611 |  |  | 990.3 |
March 1-31, 2024 |  | 1,041,342 |  |  | 52.09 |  |  | 1,041,342 |  |  | 936.1 |
Total |  | 2,561,060 |  |  | $ | 48.81 |  |  | 2,561,060 |  |  | $ | 936.1 |

(1) The shares purchased include only those shares that have settled as of the period end date.
(2) Average price per share excludes transaction commissions.
(3) On May 3, 2023, our Board of Directors approved an increase in the repurchase authorization amount under the Repurchase Program from $500.0 million to $1.0 billion and extended the program expiration date to December 2025. On February 13, 2024, our Board of Directors approved an increase in the repurchase authorization amount under the Repurchase Program from $1.0 billion to $1.75 billion. These repurchases may be made from time to time through various methods, including open market transactions, block trades, accelerated share repurchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, certain of which have been effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans. The timing and number of shares repurchased depended on a variety of factors, including price, capital availability, legal requirements, and economic and market conditions. We were not obligated to purchase any shares under the Repurchase Program, and repurchases could be suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice.
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Item 5. Other Information
Securities Trading Plans of Directors and Executive Officers
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, none of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of PBF Energy securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement".
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Item 6. Exhibits
The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this report and such Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.
EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number |  | Description |  |
31.1* |  | Certification of Matthew C. Lucey, Chief Executive Officer of PBF Energy Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |
31.2* |  | Certification of Karen B. Davis, Chief Financial Officer of PBF Energy Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |
32.1* (1) |  | Certification of Matthew C. Lucey, Chief Executive Officer of PBF Energy Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |
32.2* (1) |  | Certification of Karen B. Davis, Chief Financial Officer of PBF Energy Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document. |  |
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |  |
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |  |
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |  |
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. |  |
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |  |
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). |  |

———————

* | Filed herewith.
(1) | This exhibit should not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act.

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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | PBF Energy Inc.
Date: | May 2, 2024 |  | By: | /s/ Karen B. Davis
|  |  |  | Karen B. Davis Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

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