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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period | to

Commission File Number: 001-31648
EURONET WORLDWIDE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 74-2806888
(State or other jurisdiction | (I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization) | Identification No.)
3500 College Boulevard |
Leawood, | Kansas | 66211
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

(913) 327-4200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock | EEFT | Nasdaq Global Select Market
1.375% Senior Notes due 2026 | EEFT | Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act

Large accelerated filer ☑ | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer o | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
On August 7, 2019, Euronet Worldwide, Inc. had 54,486,877 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

EURONET WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Table of Contents

|  | Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (unaudited) | 3
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 | 6
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 | 8
| Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 24
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 42
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 43
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 43
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 44
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 44
Item 6. | Exhibits | 45
| Signatures | 46

Table of Contents
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
EURONET WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

| As of
| June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| (unaudited) |  |
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,558,461 |  |  | $ | 1,054,357 |
Restricted cash | 71,297 |  |  | 76,595 |
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $24,937 at June 30, 2019 and $24,287 at December 31, 2018 | 836,713 |  |  | 693,616 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 235,279 |  |  | 263,019 |
Total current assets | 2,701,750 |  |  | 2,087,587 |
Operating right of use lease assets | 376,343 |  |  | — |
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $381,771 at June 30, 2019 and $373,180 at December 31, 2018 | 324,298 |  |  | 291,869 |
Goodwill | 706,367 |  |  | 704,197 |
Acquired intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $201,566 at June 30, 2019 and $190,920 at December 31, 2018 | 104,374 |  |  | 114,485 |
Other assets, net of accumulated amortization of $54,549 at June 30, 2019 and $50,821 at December 31, 2018 | 120,204 |  |  | 123,017 |
Total assets | $ | 4,333,336 |  |  | $ | 3,321,155 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Trade accounts payable | $ | 432,140 |  |  | $ | 528,913 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 791,213 |  |  | 712,012 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 124,131 |  |  | — |
Short-term debt obligations and current maturities of long-term debt obligations | 23,998 |  |  | 38,017 |
Income taxes payable | 47,490 |  |  | 40,159 |
Deferred revenue | 62,455 |  |  | 59,293 |
Total current liabilities | 1,481,427 |  |  | 1,378,394 |
Debt obligations, net of current portion | 1,096,735 |  |  | 589,782 |
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | 241,630 |  |  | — |
Deferred income taxes | 52,984 |  |  | 57,145 |
Other long-term liabilities | 62,337 |  |  | 62,992 |
Total liabilities | 2,935,113 |  |  | 2,088,313 |
Equity: |  |  |
Euronet Worldwide, Inc. stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred Stock, $0.02 par value. 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued | — |  |  | — |
Common Stock, $0.02 par value. 90,000,000 shares authorized; 62,563,955 issued at June 30, 2019 and 59,897,309 issued at December 31, 2018 | 1,251 |  |  | 1,198 |
Additional paid-in-capital | 1,172,834 |  |  | 1,104,264 |
Treasury stock, at cost, 8,083,716 shares at June 30, 2019 and 8,077,311 shares at December 31, 2018 | (393,353 | ) |  | (391,551 | )
Retained earnings | 772,501 |  |  | 669,805 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (155,050 | ) |  | (151,043 | )
Total Euronet Worldwide, Inc. stockholders’ equity | 1,398,183 |  |  | 1,232,673 |
Noncontrolling interests | 40 |  |  | 169 |
Total equity | 1,398,223 |  |  | 1,232,842 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 4,333,336 |  |  | $ | 3,321,155 |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
EURONET WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share data)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenues | $ | 691,867 |  |  | $ | 622,224 |  |  | $ | 1,269,376 |  |  | $ | 1,172,739 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct operating costs | 393,811 |  |  | 361,512 |  |  | 747,644 |  |  | 704,836 |
Salaries and benefits | 98,550 |  |  | 91,723 |  |  | 191,345 |  |  | 177,429 |
Selling, general and administrative | 53,842 |  |  | 52,357 |  |  | 101,989 |  |  | 102,368 |
Depreciation and amortization | 27,767 |  |  | 26,263 |  |  | 54,407 |  |  | 52,265 |
Total operating expenses | 573,970 |  |  | 531,855 |  |  | 1,095,385 |  |  | 1,036,898 |
Operating income | 117,897 |  |  | 90,369 |  |  | 173,991 |  |  | 135,841 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 513 |  |  | 416 |  |  | 856 |  |  | 712 |
Interest expense | (10,029 | ) |  | (10,061 | ) |  | (18,228 | ) |  | (17,667 | )
Loss on early retirement of debt | (8,903 | ) |  | — |  |  | (9,831 | ) |  | — |
Loss from unconsolidated affiliates | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (117 | )
Foreign currency exchange (loss) gain, net | (121 | ) |  | (20,690 | ) |  | 3,087 |  |  | (18,755 | )
Other (losses) gains | (29 | ) |  | 29 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 60 |
Other expense, net | (18,569 | ) |  | (30,306 | ) |  | (24,120 | ) |  | (35,767 | )
Income before income taxes | 99,328 |  |  | 60,063 |  |  | 149,871 |  |  | 100,074 |
Income tax expense | (31,323 | ) |  | (16,427 | ) |  | (47,287 | ) |  | (30,094 | )
Net income | 68,005 |  |  | 43,636 |  |  | 102,584 |  |  | 69,980 |
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | 148 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 157 |
Net income attributable to Euronet Worldwide, Inc. | $ | 68,153 |  |  | $ | 43,724 |  |  | $ | 102,696 |  |  | $ | 70,137 |
Earnings per share attributable to Euronet Worldwide, Inc. stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.28 |  |  | $ | 0.85 |  |  | $ | 1.95 |  |  | $ | 1.36 |
Diluted | $ | 1.25 |  |  | $ | 0.82 |  |  | $ | 1.90 |  |  | $ | 1.30 |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 53,212,759 |  |  | 51,226,898 |  |  | 52,546,647 |  |  | 51,563,090 |
Diluted | 54,702,459 |  |  | 53,492,835 |  |  | 53,945,770 |  |  | 53,871,279 |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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EURONET WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited, in thousands)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income | $ | 68,005 |  |  | $ | 43,636 |  |  | $ | 102,584 |  |  | $ | 69,980 |
Translation adjustment | 12,161 |  |  | (58,533 | ) |  | (4,024 | ) |  | (35,585 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) | 80,166 |  |  | (14,897 | ) |  | 98,560 |  |  | 34,395 |
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | 136 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 194 |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Euronet Worldwide, Inc. | $ | 80,302 |  |  | $ | (14,717 | ) |  | $ | 98,689 |  |  | $ | 34,589 |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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Euronet Worldwide, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(in thousands, except share data)

|  | Number of Shares Outstanding |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Treasury Stock
Balance as of December 31, 2017 |  | 52,808,158 |  |  | $ | 1,178 |  |  | $ | 1,072,005 |  |  | $ | (217,161 | )
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock issued under employee stock plans |  | 116,358 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2,468 |  |  | (1,237 | )
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  | 4,029 |  |  |
Repurchase of shares |  | (1,418,895 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (125,000 | )
Balance as of March 31, 2018 |  | 51,505,621 |  |  | 1,180 |  |  | 1,078,502 |  |  | (343,398 | )
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock issued under employee stock plans |  | 89,954 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,484 |  |  | 260 |
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  | 4,550 |  |  |
Repurchase of shares |  | (613,704 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (50,000 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2018 |  | 50,981,871 |  |  | $ | 1,181 |  |  | $ | 1,084,536 |  |  | $ | (393,138 | )

|  | Number of Shares Outstanding |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Treasury Stock
Balance as of December 31, 2018 |  | 51,819,998 |  |  | $ | 1,198 |  |  | $ | 1,104,264 |  |  | $ | (391,551 | )
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock issued under employee stock plans |  | 130,136 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5,194 |  |  | (1,756 | )
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  | 4,490 |  |  |
Issuance of convertible notes, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  | 71,660 |  |  |
Repurchases and conversions of convertible notes, net of tax |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | (42,917 | ) |  |
Balance as of March 31, 2019 |  | 51,950,140 |  |  | 1,201 |  |  | 1,142,691 |  |  | (393,307 | )
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock issued under employee stock plans |  | 41,856 |  |  |  |  | 1,740 |  |  | (46 | )
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  | 6,003 |  |  |
Redemptions and conversions of convertible notes, net of tax |  | 2,488,243 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 22,400 |  |  |
Balance as of June 30, 2019 |  | 54,480,239 |  |  | $ | 1,251 |  |  | $ | 1,172,834 |  |  | $ | (393,353 | )

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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EURONET WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (continued)
(in thousands)

|  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total
Balance as of December 31, 2017 |  | $ | 436,954 |  |  | $ | (94,458 | ) |  | $ | 960 |  |  | $ | 1,199,478 |
Net income (loss) |  | 26,413 |  |  |  |  | (69 | ) |  | 26,344 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  | 22,894 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 22,948 |
Stock issued under employee stock plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,233 |
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,029 |
Repurchase of shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (125,000 | )
Balance as of March 31, 2018 |  | 463,367 |  |  | (71,564 | ) |  | 945 |  |  | 1,129,032 |
Net income (loss) |  | 43,724 |  |  |  |  | (88 | ) |  | 43,636 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  | (58,442 | ) |  | (91 | ) |  | (58,533 | )
Stock issued under employee stock plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,745 |
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,550 |
Repurchase of shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (50,000 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2018 |  | $ | 507,091 |  |  | $ | (130,006 | ) |  | $ | 766 |  |  | $ | 1,070,430 |

|  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 669,805 |  |  | $ | (151,043 | ) |  | $ | 169 |  |  | $ | 1,232,842 |
Net income |  | 34,543 |  |  |  |  | 36 |  |  | 34,579 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  | (16,156 | ) |  | (29 | ) |  | (16,185 | )
Stock issued under employee stock plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,441 |
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,490 |
Issuance of convertible notes, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 71,660 |
Repurchases and conversions of convertible notes, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (42,917 | )
Balance as of March 31, 2019 |  | 704,348 |  |  | (167,199 | ) |  | 176 |  |  | 1,287,910 |
Net income (loss) |  | 68,153 |  |  |  |  | (148 | ) |  | 68,005 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  | 12,149 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12,161 |
Stock issued under employee stock plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,694 |
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,003 |
Redemptions and conversions of convertible notes, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22,450 |
Balance as of June 30, 2019 |  | $ | 772,501 |  |  | $ | (155,050 | ) |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 1,398,223 |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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EURONET WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited, in thousands)

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Net income | $ | 102,584 |  |  | $ | 69,980 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 54,407 |  |  | 52,265 |
Share-based compensation | 10,493 |  |  | 8,579 |
Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss, net | (3,087 | ) |  | 18,755 |
Deferred income taxes | 4,555 |  |  | 192 |
Loss on early retirement of debt | 9,831 |  |  | — |
Loss from unconsolidated affiliates | — |  |  | 117 |
Accretion of convertible debt discount and amortization of debt issuance costs | 9,685 |  |  | 6,994 |
Changes in working capital, net of amounts acquired: |  |  |
Income taxes payable, net | 7,302 |  |  | (729 | )
Trade accounts receivable | (146,441 | ) |  | 35,456 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 25,606 |  |  | 12,304 |
Trade accounts payable | (95,083 | ) |  | (99,237 | )
Deferred revenue | 3,457 |  |  | (84 | )
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 85,262 |  |  | (35,553 | )
Changes in noncurrent assets and liabilities | (11,857 | ) |  | 265 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 56,714 |  |  | 69,304 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | — |  |  | (12,854 | )
Purchases of property and equipment | (67,727 | ) |  | (53,381 | )
Purchases of other long-term assets | (3,436 | ) |  | (3,717 | )
Other, net | 2,403 |  |  | 962 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (68,760 | ) |  | (68,990 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of shares | 7,037 |  |  | 4,136 |
Repurchase of shares | (2,448 | ) |  | (176,657 | )
Borrowings from revolving credit agreements | 2,043,598 |  |  | 2,573,941 |
Repayments of revolving credit agreements | (2,253,498 | ) |  | (2,333,885 | )
Proceeds from long-term debt obligations | 1,194,900 |  |  | — |
Repayments of long-term debt obligations | (446,702 | ) |  | (6,199 | )
(Repayments of) borrowings from short-term debt obligations, net | (14,184 | ) |  | 302,841 |
Debt issuance costs | (19,673 | ) |  | — |
Other, net | (3,085 | ) |  | (3,255 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities | 505,945 |  |  | 360,922 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | 4,907 |  |  | (25,471 | )
Increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | 498,806 |  |  | 335,765 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 1,130,952 |  |  | 900,518 |
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 1,629,758 |  |  | $ | 1,236,283 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |
Interest paid during the period | $ | 7,107 |  |  | $ | 9,857 |
Income taxes paid during the period | $ | 36,543 |  |  | $ | 31,710 |

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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EURONET WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) GENERAL
Organization
Euronet Worldwide, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company” or “Euronet”) is a leading electronic payments provider. Euronet offers payment and transaction processing and distribution solutions to financial institutions, retailers, service providers and individual consumers. Euronet's primary product offerings include comprehensive automated teller machine (“ATM”), point-of-sale (“POS”), card outsourcing, card issuing and merchant acquiring services, software solutions, electronic distribution of prepaid mobile airtime and other digital media products, foreign currency exchange services and global money transfer services.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared from the records of the Company, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the opinion of management, such unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to fairly present the consolidated financial position and the results of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows for the interim periods. The unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2018, including the notes thereto, set forth in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain amounts in prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include computing income taxes, estimating the useful lives and potential impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, as well as allocating the purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in acquisitions and revenue recognition. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2019.
Seasonality
Euronet’s EFT Processing Segment experiences its heaviest demand for ATM cash withdrawal transactions and dynamic currency conversion ("DCC") services during the third quarter of the fiscal year, coinciding with the tourism season followed by lower transaction levels during the fourth quarter. Additionally, the epay Segment is impacted by seasonality during the fourth quarter and the first quarter of each year due to higher transaction levels during the holiday season and lower levels following the holiday season. Seasonality in the Money Transfer Segment varies by regions of the world. In most markets, Euronet usually experiences increased demand for money transfer services from the month of May through the fourth quarter of each year, coinciding with the increase in worker migration patterns and various holidays, and experiences its lowest transaction levels during the first quarter of each year.
(2) RECENTLY ISSUED AND ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as amended, as of January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach and comparative periods were not restated. The new standards provide a number of optional practical expedients in transition.
The Company elected the “package of practical expedients” which permits the Company not to reassess under the new standard the Company’s prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. The Company also elected to combine lease and non-lease components and to include short-term leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on the balance sheet.
In addition, the Company elected the hindsight practical expedient to determine the lease term for existing leases. The election of the hindsight practical expedient resulted in, for substantially all leases in effect on January 1, 2019, the lease term for implementation of this pronouncement, as the lease’s life being January 1, 2019 through the lease’s contractual termination date, rather than the actual lease life as set out in the lease agreement. Lease lives for lease agreements committed to on January 1, 2019 and, thereafter, are included based on the lease’s commencement date and termination date. In the application of hindsight, the Company evaluated the performance of all the leases and the associated markets in relation to the Company’s
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operations, which resulted in the determination that the exercise of renewal options would not be reasonably certain in determining the expected lease term.
Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recognition of additional operating right of use lease assets and lease liabilities of approximately $296.9 million, as of January 1, 2019.
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application is permitted for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.
(3) STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share has been computed by dividing earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the respective periods. Diluted earnings per share has been computed by dividing earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average shares outstanding during the respective period, after adjusting for any potential dilution from options to purchase the Company's common stock, assumed vesting of restricted stock and the assumed conversion of the Company’s convertible debentures. The following table provides the computation of diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding | 53,212,759 |  |  | 51,226,898 |  |  | 52,546,647 |  |  | 51,563,090 |
Incremental shares from assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock | 1,489,700 |  |  | 1,494,766 |  |  | 1,399,123 |  |  | 1,537,018 |
Incremental shares from assumed conversion of convertible notes | — |  |  | 771,171 |  |  | — |  |  | 771,171 |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 54,702,459 |  |  | 53,492,835 |  |  | 53,945,770 |  |  | 53,871,279 |

The table includes the impact of all stock options and restricted stock that are dilutive to the Company’s weighted average common shares outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. The calculation of diluted earnings per share excludes stock options or shares of restricted stock that are anti-dilutive to the Company’s weighted average common shares outstanding of approximately 782,000 and 805,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and approximately 1,209,000 and 1,124,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.
The Company issued new Convertible Senior Notes ("Convertible Notes") due March 2049 on March 18, 2019 and retired the existing convertible notes ("Retired Convertible Notes") that would have matured in 2044 on May 28, 2019. The Company's Convertible Notes currently have and the Retired Convertible Notes had a settlement features requiring the Company upon conversion to settle the principal amount of the debt and any conversion value in excess of the principal value ("conversion premium"), for cash or shares of the Company's common stock or a combination thereof, at the Company's option. The Company has stated its intent to settle any conversion of these notes by paying cash for the principal value and issuing common stock for any conversion premium. Accordingly, the Convertible Notes and the Retired Convertible Notes were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share if their inclusion was dilutive. The dilutive effect increases the more the market price exceeds the conversion price. The Retired Convertible Notes had a dilutive effect in the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 as the $83.77 market price per share of Common Stock as of June 30, 2018 exceeded the $72.18 conversion price per share. The Convertible Notes would only have a dilutive effect if the market price per share of common stock exceeds the conversion price of $188.73 per share. As of June 30, 2019, the Convertible Notes did not have a dilutive effect on the earnings per share. See Note 7, Debt Obligations, for more information about the convertible notes.
Share repurchases
The Company's Board of Directors has authorized a stock repurchase program ("Repurchase Program") allowing Euronet to repurchase up to $375 million in value or 10.0 million shares of stock through March 31, 2020. During the three and six months
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ended June 30, 2019, there were no repurchase of stock, the remaining maximum dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the Repurchase program was $200.0 million. Repurchases under the Repurchase Program may take place in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, including derivative transactions, and may be made under a Rule 10b5-1 plan. For the first half of 2019, the Company did not make any repurchases under the Repurchase Program. In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the Company to repurchase up to $120 million of the Company’s common stock concurrently with or following the issuance of the Convertible Notes. This authorization will expire on March 11, 2021. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company did not make any repurchases under this special authorization.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists entirely of foreign currency translation adjustments. The Company recorded foreign currency translation gains of $12.2 million for the second quarter of 2019, and losses of $4.0 million, $58.5 million, and $35.6 million for the first half of 2019,the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. There were no reclassifications of foreign currency translation into the consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.
(4) GOODWILL AND ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
A summary of acquired intangible assets and goodwill activity for the six months ended June 30, 2019 is presented below:

(in thousands) |  | Acquired Intangible Assets |  | Goodwill |  | Total Intangible Assets
Balance as of December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 114,485 |  |  | $ | 704,197 |  |  | $ | 818,682 |
Increases (decreases): |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition |  | — |  |  | 686 |  |  | 686 |
Amortization |  | (10,303 | ) |  | — |  |  | (10,303 | )
Other (primarily changes in foreign currency exchange rates) |  | 192 |  |  | 1,484 |  |  | 1,676 |
Balance as of June 30, 2019 |  | $ | 104,374 |  |  | $ | 706,367 |  |  | $ | 810,741 |

Estimated amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives, before income taxes, as of June 30, 2019, is expected to total $10.2 million for the remainder of 2019, $19.7 million for 2020, $18.9 million for 2021, $17.8 million for 2022, $13.1 million for 2023 and $6.7 million for 2024.
In January 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of the majority interests of a small Indonesian business in which the Company previously held the minority interest for an immaterial amount of cash consideration. The acquisition has been accounted for as business combinations in accordance with U.S. GAAP and the results of operations have been included from the date of acquisition in the EFT Processing Segment.
The Company’s annual goodwill impairment test is performed during the fourth quarter of its fiscal year. The annual impairment test for the year ended December 31, 2018 resulted in no impairment charge.
Determining the fair value of reporting units requires significant management judgment in estimating future cash flows and assessing potential market and economic conditions. It is reasonably possible that the Company’s operations will not perform as expected, or that the estimates or assumptions included in the 2018 annual impairment test could change, which may result in the Company recording material non-cash impairment charges during the year in which these changes take place.
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(5) ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:

| As of
(in thousands) | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Money transfer settlement obligations | $ | 405,228 |  |  | $ | 310,710 |
Accrued expenses | 274,033 |  |  | 293,864 |
Accrued amounts due to mobile operators and other content providers | 80,298 |  |  | 65,878 |
Derivative liabilities | 25,577 |  |  | 36,102 |
Current portion of capital lease obligations | 6,077 |  |  | 5,458 |
Total | $ | 791,213 |  |  | $ | 712,012 |

(6) UNEARNED REVENUES
Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”) requires the deferral of incremental costs to obtain customer contracts, known as contract assets, which are then amortized to expense as part of selling, general and administrative expense over the respective periods of expected benefit. Such costs are not material; however, the Company has implemented processes and controls to record such costs on an ongoing basis and will disclose them if they become material.
The Company records deferred revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of its performance. The increase in the deferred revenue balance for the first half of 2019 is primarily driven by $26.3 million of cash payments received in the current year for which the Company has not yet satisfied the performance obligations, largely offset by $23.2 million of revenues recognized that were included in the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2018.
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(7) DEBT OBLIGATIONS
Debt obligations consist of the following:

| As of
(in thousands) | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Credit Facility: |  |  |
Revolving credit agreements, due 2023 | $ | 6,129 |  |  | $ | 215,725 |
Convertible Debt: |  |  |
0.75% convertible notes, unsecured, due 2049 | 429,563 |  |  | — |
1.50% convertible notes, unsecured, due 2044 | — |  |  | 379,859 |
1.375% Senior Notes, due 2026 | 682,080 |  |  | — |
Other obligations | 24,279 |  |  | 38,513 |
Total debt obligations | 1,142,051 |  |  | 634,097 |
Unamortized debt issuance costs | (21,318 | ) |  | (6,298 | )
Carrying value of debt | 1,120,733 |  |  | 627,799 |
Short-term debt obligations and current maturities of long-term debt obligations | (23,998 | ) |  | (38,017 | )
Long-term debt obligations | $ | 1,096,735 |  |  | $ | 589,782 |

Credit Facility
On October 17, 2018, the Company entered into a new unsecured revolving credit agreement (the "Credit Facility") for $1.0 billion that expires on October 17, 2023. Fees and interest on borrowings are based upon the Company's corporate credit rating and are based, in the case of letter of credit fees, on a margin , and in the case of interest, on a margin over London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or a margin over the base rate, as selected by the Company, with the applicable margin ranging from 1.125% to 2.0% or 0.175% to 1.0% for base rate loans. The Credit Facility allows for borrowings in Australian Dollars, British Pounds Sterling, Canadian Dollars, Czech Koruna, Danish Krone, Euros, Hungarian Forints, Japanese Yen, New Zealand Dollars, Norwegian Krone, Polish Zlotys, Swedish Krona, Swiss Francs, and U.S. Dollars. The weighted average interest rate of the Company's borrowing under the Credit Facility was 2.23% as of June 30, 2019.
Convertible Debt
O n March 18, 2019, the Company completed the sale of $525 million of Convertible Senior Notes ("Convertible Notes"). The Convertible Notes mature in March 2049 unless redeemed or converted prior to such date, and are convertible into shares of Euronet Common Stock at a conversion price of approximately $188.73 per share. The Company used $94.2 million of the net proceeds from the issuance of the new debt to repurchase $49 million aggregate principal amount of the Company's 1.5% Convertible Senior Notes outstanding due 2044 (the "Retired Convertible Notes") from a limited number of holders in privately negotiated transactions. The Company expects to use the remainder of the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which may include repaying borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility, share repurchases or acquisitions.
On March 18, 2019, the Company provided a notice of redemption to the trustee of the indenture governing the Retired Convertible Notes (the "Existing Indenture"), pursuant to which the Company would redeem all of the remaining principal amount outstanding of the Retired Convertible Notes on May 28, 2019 (the "Redemption Date") for cash at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Retired Convertible Notes redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the Redemption Date. The issuance of the Convertible Notes and the conversion of the Retired Convertible Notes, resulted in a $25.6 million recognition and a $34.2 million reversal of deferred tax liabilities within the additional paid-in capital as of June 30, 2019, respectively.
Prior to the Redemption Date, approximately $352.4 million principal amount of the Retired Convertible Notes were submitted for conversion. The Company elected to settle the conversion of such Retired Convertible Notes through a combination of cash and stock. The Company paid cash equal to $1,000 for each $1,000 principal amount of Retired Convertible Notes submitted for conversion and satisfied the remainder of the conversion obligation by issuing shares of the Company's Common Stock
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valued bonds valued at $147.24 per share. As a result, the Company paid cash of $352.4 million and issued approximately 2.5 million shares of its Common Stock. In accordance with ASC 470, the Company recognized a loss of $9.8 million on the conversion and redemption of the debt for the first half of 2019, representing the difference between the fair value of the Retired Convertible Notes converted and the carrying value of the bonds at the time of conversion.
In accordance with ASC 470-20-30-27, proceeds from the issuance of convertible debt is allocated between debt and equity components so that debt is discounted to reflect the Company's nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. ASC 470-20-35-13 requires the debt discount to be amortized over the period the convertible debt is expected to be outstanding as additional non-cash interest expense. The allocation resulted in an increase to additional paid-in capital of $99.7 million for the Convertible Notes.
Contractual interest expense for the Retired Convertible Notes was $1.5 million for the first half of 2019. Accretion expense was $1.8 million and $4.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.
Contractual interest expense for the Convertible Notes was $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. Accretion expense was $3.6 million and $4.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The effective interest rate was 4.4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. As of June 30, 2019, the unamortized discount was $95.4 million and will be amortized through March 2025.
1.375% Senior Notes due 2026
On May 22, 2019, the Company completed the sale of €600 million ($669.9 million) aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes that expire on May 2026 (the “Senior Notes”). The Senior Notes accrue interest at a rate of 1.375% per year, payable annually in arrears commencing May 22, 2020, until maturity or earlier redemption. As of June 30, 2019, the Company has outstanding €600 million ($682.1 million) principal amount of the Senior Notes. In addition, the Company may redeem some or all of these notes on or after February 22, 2026 at their principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest.
(8) DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
The Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange risk resulting from (i) the collection of funds or the settlement of money transfer transactions in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, (ii) derivative contracts written to its customers in connection with providing cross-currency money transfer services and (iii) short-term borrowings that are payable in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The Company enters into foreign currency derivative contracts, primarily foreign currency forwards and cross-currency swaps, to minimize its exposure related to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. As a matter of Company policy, the derivative instruments used in these activities are economic hedges and are not designated as hedges under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC Topic 815"), primarily due to either the relatively short duration of the contract term or the effects of fluctuations in currency exchange rates being reflected concurrently in earnings for both the derivative instrument and the hedged transaction and having an offsetting effect.
Foreign currency exchange contracts - Ria Operations and Corporate
In the United States, the Company's Ria operations use short-duration foreign currency forward contracts, generally with maturities up to 14 days, to offset the fluctuation in foreign currency exchange rates on the collection of money transfer funds between initiation of a transaction and its settlement. Due to the short duration of these contracts and the Company’s credit profile, the Company is generally not required to post collateral with respect to these foreign currency forward contracts. Most derivative contracts executed with counterparties in the U.S. are governed by an International Swaps and Derivatives Association agreement that includes standard netting arrangements; therefore, asset and liability positions from forward contracts and all other foreign exchange transactions with the same counterparty are net settled upon maturity. As of June 30, 2019, the Company held in its Ria operations foreign currency forward contracts outstanding in the U.S. with a notional value of $278 million, primarily in Australian dollars, Canadian dollars, British pounds, euros and Mexican pesos.
In addition, the Company uses forward contracts, typically with maturities from a few days to less than one year, to offset foreign exchange rate fluctuations on certain foreign currency denominated other asset and liability positions. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had foreign currency forward contracts outstanding with a notional value of $86 million, primarily in euros and Polish zloty.
Foreign currency exchange contracts - xe Operations
xe writes derivative instruments, primarily foreign currency forward contracts and cross-currency swaps, mostly with counterparties comprised of individuals and small-to-medium size businesses and derives a currency margin from this activity as part of its operations. xe aggregates its foreign currency exposures arising from customer contracts and may hedge some or all of the resulting net currency risks by entering into offsetting contracts with established financial institution counterparties. Foreign exchange revenues from xe's total portfolio of positions were $16.1 million and $34.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and $16.8 million and $35.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30,
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2018, respectively. All of the derivative contracts used in the Company's xe operations are economic hedges and are not designated as hedges under ASC Topic 815. The duration of these derivative contracts is generally less than one year.
The fair value of xe's total portfolio of positions can change significantly from period to period based on, among other factors, market movements and changes in customer contract positions. xe manages counterparty credit risk (the risk that counterparties will default and not make payments according to the terms of the agreements) on an individual counterparty basis. It mitigates this risk by entering into contracts with collateral posting requirements and/or by performing financial assessments prior to contract execution, conducting periodic evaluations of counterparty performance and maintaining a diverse portfolio of qualified counterparties. xe does not expect any significant losses from counterparty defaults.
The aggregate equivalent U.S. dollar notional amounts of foreign currency derivative customer contracts held by the Company in its xe operations as of June 30, 2019 was approximately $1.4 billion. The majority of customer contracts are written in major currencies such as the U.S. dollar, euro, New Zealand dollar, British pound, and Australian dollar.
Balance Sheet Presentation
The following table summarizes the fair value of the derivative instruments as recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the dates below:

|  | Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
|  |  |  | Fair Value |  |  |  | Fair Value
(in thousands) |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | $ | 38,182 |  |  | $ | 44,637 |  |  | Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | $ | (25,577 | ) |  | $ | (36,102 | )

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The following tables summarize the gross and net fair value of derivative assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
Offsetting of Derivative Assets

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  |
As of June 30, 2019 |  | Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets |  | Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Financial Instruments |  | Cash Collateral Received |  | Net Amounts
Derivatives subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement |  | $ | 38,182 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,182 |  |  | $ | (19,279 | ) |  | $ | (3,838 | ) |  | $ | 15,065 |
As of December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement |  | $ | 44,637 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44,637 |  |  | $ | (25,187 | ) |  | $ | (9,918 | ) |  | $ | 9,532 |

Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  |
As of June 30, 2019 |  | Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities |  | Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Financial Instruments |  | Cash Collateral Paid |  | Net Amounts
Derivatives subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement |  | $ | (25,577 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (25,577 | ) |  | $ | 19,279 |  |  | $ | 969 |  |  | $ | (5,329 | )
As of December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement |  | $ | (36,102 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (36,102 | ) |  | $ | 25,187 |  |  | $ | 2,048 |  |  | $ | (8,867 | )

See Note 9, Fair Value Measurements, for the determination of the fair values of derivatives.
Income Statement Presentation
The following table summarizes the location and amount of gains and losses on derivatives in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:

|  |  |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative Contracts (a)
|  | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative Contracts |  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) |  |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Foreign currency exchange gain (loss), net |  | $ | (2,126 | ) |  | $ | 7,085 |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | 8,380 |

(a) The Company enters into derivative contracts such as foreign currency exchange forwards and cross-currency swaps as part of its xe operations. These derivative contracts are excluded from this table as they are part of the broader disclosure of foreign currency exchange revenues for this business discussed above.
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(9) FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value measurements used in the unaudited consolidated financial statements are based upon the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

• | Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• | Level 2 – Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

• | Level 3 – Unobservable inputs in which little or no market activity exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing.

The following table details financial assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis:

|  |  |  | As of June 30, 2019
(in thousands) |  | Balance Sheet Classification |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other current assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,182 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,182 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other current liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (25,577 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (25,577 | )

|  |  |  | As of December 31, 2018
(in thousands) |  | Balance Sheet Classification |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other current assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44,637 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44,637 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other current liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (36,102 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (36,102 | )

Other Fair Value Disclosures
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, trade accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current obligations approximate their fair values because of the relatively short-term maturities of these financial instruments. The carrying value of the Company’s Credit Facility approximates fair value because interest is primarily based on LIBOR, which resets at various intervals of less than one year. The Company estimates the fair values of the Convertible Notes and Senior Notes using quoted prices in inactive markets for identical liabilities (Level 2). As of June 30, 2019, the fair values of the Convertible Notes and the Senior Notes were $519.2 million and $678.0 million, respectively, with carrying values of $429.6 million and $682.1 million, respectively.
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(10) SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company’s reportable operating segments have been determined in accordance with ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting. The Company currently operates in the following three reportable operating segments:

1) | Through the EFT Processing Segment, the Company processes transactions for a network of ATMs and POS terminals across Europe, the Middle East, Asia Pacific and the United States. The Company provides comprehensive electronic payment solutions consisting of ATM cash withdrawal services, ATM network participation, outsourced ATM and POS management solutions, credit and debit card outsourcing, dynamic currency conversion, domestic and international surcharge and other value added services. Through this segment, the Company also offers a suite of integrated electronic financial transaction software solutions for electronic payment and transaction delivery systems.

2) | Through the epay Segment, the Company provides distribution, processing and collection services for prepaid mobile airtime and digital media products in Europe, the Middle East, Asia Pacific, the United States and South America.

3) | Through the Money Transfer Segment, the Company provides global money transfer services under the brand names Ria, IME and xe. Ria and IME provide global consumer-to-consumer money transfer services through a network of sending agents, Company-owned stores and Company-owned websites, disbursing money transfers through a worldwide correspondent network. xe offers account-to-account international payment services to high-income individuals and small-to-medium sized businesses. xe is also a provider of foreign currency exchange information and offers money transfers on its currency data websites. The Company also offers customers bill payment services, payment alternatives such as money orders and prepaid debit cards, comprehensive check cashing services, foreign currency exchange services and mobile top-up. The Company provides cash management solutions and foreign currency risk management services to small-to-medium sized businesses under the brand name HiFM.

In addition, the Company accounts for non-operating activity, most share-based compensation expense, certain intersegment eliminations and the costs of providing corporate and other administrative services in its administrative division, “Corporate Services, Eliminations and Other.” These services are not directly identifiable with the Company’s reportable operating segments.
The following tables present the Company’s reportable segment results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:

|  | For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
(in thousands) |  | EFT Processing |  | epay |  | Money Transfer |  | Corporate Services, Eliminations and Other |  | Consolidated
Total revenues |  | $ | 231,946 |  |  | $ | 184,160 |  |  | $ | 276,783 |  |  | $ | (1,022 | ) |  | $ | 691,867 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct operating costs |  | 105,568 |  |  | 140,427 |  |  | 148,834 |  |  | (1,018 | ) |  | 393,811 |
Salaries and benefits |  | 21,339 |  |  | 14,998 |  |  | 52,713 |  |  | 9,500 |  |  | 98,550 |
Selling, general and administrative |  | 10,745 |  |  | 9,424 |  |  | 31,731 |  |  | 1,942 |  |  | 53,842 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 17,778 |  |  | 1,756 |  |  | 8,159 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 27,767 |
Total operating expenses |  | 155,430 |  |  | 166,605 |  |  | 241,437 |  |  | 10,498 |  |  | 573,970 |
Operating income (expense) |  | $ | 76,516 |  |  | $ | 17,555 |  |  | $ | 35,346 |  |  | $ | (11,520 | ) |  | $ | 117,897 |

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|  | For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in thousands) |  | EFT Processing |  | epay |  | Money Transfer |  | Corporate Services, Eliminations and Other |  | Consolidated
Total revenues |  | $ | 194,893 |  |  | $ | 166,463 |  |  | $ | 261,816 |  |  | $ | (948 | ) |  | $ | 622,224 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct operating costs |  | 96,326 |  |  | 125,423 |  |  | 140,707 |  |  | (944 | ) |  | 361,512 |
Salaries and benefits |  | 19,046 |  |  | 14,327 |  |  | 49,118 |  |  | 9,232 |  |  | 91,723 |
Selling, general and administrative |  | 10,216 |  |  | 8,490 |  |  | 31,426 |  |  | 2,225 |  |  | 52,357 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 16,383 |  |  | 1,894 |  |  | 7,953 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 26,263 |
Total operating expenses |  | 141,971 |  |  | 150,134 |  |  | 229,204 |  |  | 10,546 |  |  | 531,855 |
Operating income (expense) |  | $ | 52,922 |  |  | $ | 16,329 |  |  | $ | 32,612 |  |  | $ | (11,494 | ) |  | $ | 90,369 |

|  | For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(in thousands) |  | EFT Processing |  | epay |  | Money Transfer |  | Corporate Services, Eliminations and Other |  | Consolidated
Total revenues |  | $ | 377,649 |  |  | $ | 360,274 |  |  | $ | 533,364 |  |  | $ | (1,911 | ) |  | $ | 1,269,376 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct operating costs |  | 189,344 |  |  | 273,952 |  |  | 286,238 |  |  | (1,890 | ) |  | 747,644 |
Salaries and benefits |  | 40,770 |  |  | 29,751 |  |  | 103,869 |  |  | 16,955 |  |  | 191,345 |
Selling, general and administrative |  | 19,831 |  |  | 17,476 |  |  | 60,840 |  |  | 3,842 |  |  | 101,989 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 34,420 |  |  | 3,541 |  |  | 16,297 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 54,407 |
Total operating expenses |  | 284,365 |  |  | 324,720 |  |  | 467,244 |  |  | 19,056 |  |  | 1,095,385 |
Operating income (expense) |  | $ | 93,284 |  |  | $ | 35,554 |  |  | $ | 66,120 |  |  | $ | (20,967 | ) |  | $ | 173,991 |

|  | For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in thousands) |  | EFT Processing |  | epay |  | Money Transfer |  | Corporate Services, Eliminations and Other |  | Consolidated
Total revenues |  | $ | 330,597 |  |  | $ | 343,308 |  |  | $ | 500,652 |  |  | $ | (1,818 | ) |  | $ | 1,172,739 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct operating costs |  | 178,163 |  |  | 260,345 |  |  | 268,138 |  |  | (1,810 | ) |  | 704,836 |
Salaries and benefits |  | 36,051 |  |  | 28,744 |  |  | 96,475 |  |  | 16,159 |  |  | 177,429 |
Selling, general and administrative |  | 19,331 |  |  | 17,223 |  |  | 61,125 |  |  | 4,689 |  |  | 102,368 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 32,583 |  |  | 3,772 |  |  | 15,848 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 52,265 |
Total operating expenses |  | 266,128 |  |  | 310,084 |  |  | 441,586 |  |  | 19,100 |  |  | 1,036,898 |
Operating income (expense) |  | $ | 64,469 |  |  | $ | 33,224 |  |  | $ | 59,066 |  |  | $ | (20,918 | ) |  | $ | 135,841 |

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The following table presents the Company’s property and equipment and total assets by reportable segment:

|  | Property and Equipment, net as of |  | Total Assets as of
(in thousands) |  | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 |  | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
EFT Processing |  | $ | 237,468 |  |  | $ | 215,106 |  |  | $ | 2,052,915 |  |  | $ | 1,220,141 |
epay |  | 37,381 |  |  | 31,172 |  |  | 718,894 |  |  | 780,220 |
Money Transfer |  | 49,384 |  |  | 45,517 |  |  | 1,508,408 |  |  | 1,310,775 |
Corporate Services, Eliminations and Other |  | 65 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 53,119 |  |  | 10,019 |
Total |  | $ | 324,298 |  |  | $ | 291,869 |  |  | $ | 4,333,336 |  |  | $ | 3,321,155 |

The following table presents the Company's revenues disaggregated by segment and region. Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenues. The Company believes disaggregation by segment and region best depicts how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The disaggregation of revenues by segment and region is based on management's assessment of segment performance together with allocation of financial resources, both capital and operating support costs, on a segment and regional level. Both segments and regions benefit from synergies achieved through concentration of operations and are influenced by macro-economic, regulatory and political factors in the respective segment and region.

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(in thousands) | EFT Processing |  | epay |  | Money Transfer |  | Total |  | EFT Processing |  | epay |  | Money Transfer |  | Total
Europe | $ | 192,696 |  |  | $ | 123,322 |  |  | $ | 93,576 |  |  | $ | 409,594 |  |  | $ | 300,307 |  |  | $ | 238,228 |  |  | $ | 179,135 |  |  | $ | 717,670 |
North America | 7,958 |  |  | 37,732 |  |  | 145,528 |  |  | 191,218 |  |  | 16,163 |  |  | 77,396 |  |  | 280,360 |  |  | 373,919 |
Asia Pacific | 31,287 |  |  | 18,920 |  |  | 31,577 |  |  | 81,784 |  |  | 61,164 |  |  | 36,294 |  |  | 62,290 |  |  | 159,748 |
Other | 5 |  |  | 4,186 |  |  | 6,102 |  |  | 10,293 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 8,356 |  |  | 11,579 |  |  | 19,950 |
Eliminations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,022 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,911 | )
Total | $ | 231,946 |  |  | $ | 184,160 |  |  | $ | 276,783 |  |  | $ | 691,867 |  |  | $ | 377,649 |  |  | $ | 360,274 |  |  | $ | 533,364 |  |  | $ | 1,269,376 |

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in thousands) | EFT Processing |  | epay |  | Money Transfer |  | Total |  | EFT Processing |  | epay |  | Money Transfer |  | Total
Europe | $ | 158,413 |  |  | $ | 103,344 |  |  | $ | 81,816 |  |  | $ | 343,573 |  |  | $ | 258,499 |  |  | $ | 216,794 |  |  | $ | 155,774 |  |  | $ | 631,067 |
North America | 8,327 |  |  | 42,270 |  |  | 143,755 |  |  | 194,352 |  |  | 16,343 |  |  | 83,321 |  |  | 272,739 |  |  | 372,403 |
Asia Pacific | 28,146 |  |  | 17,158 |  |  | 31,713 |  |  | 77,017 |  |  | 55,740 |  |  | 34,611 |  |  | 63,854 |  |  | 154,205 |
Other | 7 |  |  | 3,691 |  |  | 4,532 |  |  | 8,230 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 8,582 |  |  | 8,285 |  |  | 16,882 |
Eliminations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (948 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,818 | )
Total | $ | 194,893 |  |  | $ | 166,463 |  |  | $ | 261,816 |  |  | $ | 622,224 |  |  | $ | 330,597 |  |  | $ | 343,308 |  |  | $ | 500,652 |  |  | $ | 1,172,739 |

(11) INCOME TAXES
The Company's effective income tax rate was 31.5% and 31.6% for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to 27.3% and 30.1% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. The Company's effective income tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were higher than the applicable statutory income tax rate of 21% as a result of certain foreign earnings of the Company being subject to higher local statutory income tax rates and the application of the U.S. global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") tax provision to the Company. The GILTI provision subjects the Company's current foreign earnings to U.S. taxation which creates additional U.S. tax expense.
(12) COMMITMENTS
As of June 30, 2019, the Company had $76.0 million of stand-by letters of credit/bank guarantees issued on its behalf, of which $46.3 million are outstanding under the Credit Facility. The remaining stand-by letters of credit/bank guarantees are collateralized by $3.7 million of cash deposits held by the respective issuing banks.
Under certain circumstances, Euronet grants guarantees in support of obligations of subsidiaries. As of June 30, 2019, the
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Company had granted off balance sheet guarantees for cash in various ATM networks amounting to $12.6 million over the terms of the cash supply agreements and performance guarantees amounting to approximately $41.6 million over the terms of agreements with the customers.
From time to time, the Company enters into agreements with commercial counterparties that contain indemnification provisions, the terms of which may vary depending on the negotiated terms of each respective agreement. The amount of such potential obligations is generally not stated in the agreements. Euronet's liability under such indemnification provisions may be mitigated by relevant insurance coverage and may be subject to time and materiality limitations, monetary caps and other conditions and defenses. Such indemnification obligations include the following:

• | In connection with contracts with financial institutions in the EFT Processing Segment, the Company is responsible for damage to ATMs and theft of ATM network cash that, is not recorded on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 30, 2019, the balance of such cash used in the Company's ATM networks for which the Company was responsible was approximately $718 million. The Company maintains insurance policies to mitigate this exposure;

• | In connection with contracts with financial institutions in the EFT Processing Segment, the Company is responsible for losses suffered by its customers and other parties as a result of any breach of its computer systems, including in particular, losses arising from fraudulent transactions made using information stolen through its processing systems. The Company maintains systems of internal controls and insurance policies to mitigate this exposure;

• | In connection with the license of proprietary systems to customers, the Company provides certain warranties and infringement indemnities to the licensee, which generally warrant that such systems do not infringe on intellectual property owned by third parties and that the systems will perform in accordance with their specifications;

• | Euronet has entered into purchase and service agreements with vendors and consulting agreements with providers of consulting services, pursuant to which the Company has agreed to indemnify certain of such vendors and consultants, respectively, against third-party claims arising from the Company’s use of the vendor’s product or the services of the vendor or consultant;

• | In connection with acquisitions and dispositions of subsidiaries, operating units and business assets, the Company has entered into agreements containing indemnification provisions, which can be generally described as follows: (i) in connection with acquisitions of operating units or assets made by Euronet, the Company has agreed to indemnify the seller against third-party claims made against the seller relating to the operating unit or asset and arising after the closing of the transaction, and (ii) in connection with dispositions made by Euronet, Euronet has agreed to indemnify the buyer against damages incurred by the buyer due to the buyer’s reliance on representations and warranties relating to the subject subsidiary, operating unit or business assets in the disposition agreement if such representations or warranties were untrue when made; and

• | Euronet has entered into agreements with certain third parties, including banks that provide fiduciary and other services to Euronet or to the Company’s benefit plans. Under such agreements, the Company has agreed to indemnify such service providers for third-party claims relating to carrying out their respective duties under such agreements.

The Company is also required to meet minimum capitalization and cash requirements of various regulatory authorities in the jurisdictions in which the Company has money transfer operations. The Company has obtained surety bonds in compliance with money transfer licensing requirements of the applicable governmental authorities.
To date, the Company is not aware of any significant claims made by the indemnified parties or third parties to guarantee agreements with the Company and, accordingly, no liabilities were recorded as of June 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.
(13) LITIGATION AND CONTINGENCIES
From time to time, the Company is a party to legal or regulatory proceedings arising in the ordinary course of its business. Currently, there are no legal proceedings or regulatory findings that management believes, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial condition or results of operations. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company records a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These provisions are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular case.
(14) LEASES
The Company enters into operating leases for ATM sites, office space, retail stores and equipment. The Company's finance leases are immaterial. Right of use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease terms.
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The present value of lease payments is determined using the incremental borrowing rate based on information available at the lease commencement date. All leases with fixed payments, including leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are recorded on the balance sheet. The Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Most leases include an option to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease terms. The exercise of lease renewal options is at the Company’s sole discretion. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease terms. The Company also has a unilateral termination right for a majority of the ATM site leases. Since the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise the renewal or terminal options, the options are not considered in determining the lease terms, and associated payment impacts are excluded from lease payments.
Certain of the Company's lease agreements include variable rental payments based on revenues generated from the use of the leased location and certain leases include rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation. Variable lease payments are recognized when the event, activity or circumstance in the lease agreement on which those payments are assessed occurs and are excluded from the right of use assets and lease liabilities balances. The lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
Future minimum lease payments
Future minimum lease payments under the operating leases as of June 30, 2019 are:

| As of June 30, 2019
Maturity of Lease Liabilities (in thousands) | Operating Leases
Remainder of 2019 | $ | 64,248 |
2020 | 107,916 |
2021 | 78,654 |
2022 | 53,295 |
2023 | 33,856 |
Thereafter | 53,388 |
Total lease payments | $ | 391,357 |
Less: imputed interest | (25,596 | )
Present value of lease liabilities | $ | 365,761 |

Future minimum lease payments under the non-cancelable operating leases (with initial lease terms in excess of one year) as of December 31, 2018 are as follows:

(in thousands) |  | Operating Leases
Year ending December 31, |  |
2019 |  | $ | 80,803 |
2020 |  | 65,590 |
2021 |  | 49,052 |
2022 |  | 37,823 |
2023 |  | 30,192 |
Thereafter |  | 48,191 |
Total minimum lease payments |  | $ | 311,651 |

Lease expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income is summarized as follows:

Lease Expense (in thousands) | Income Statement Classification |  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  | Six months ended June 30, 2019
Operating lease expense | Selling, general and administrative and Direct operating costs |  | $ | 33,113 |  |  | $ | 63,573 |
Variable lease expense | Selling, general and administrative and Direct operating costs |  | 12,320 |  |  | 18,889 |
Total lease expense |  |  | $ | 45,433 |  |  | $ | 82,462 |

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Other information about lease amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements is summarized as follows:

Lease Term and Discount Rate of Operating Leases |  | As of June 30, 2019
Weighted- average remaining lease term (years) |  | 4.5 |
Weighted- average discount rate |  | 3.1 | %

The following table presents supplemental cash flow and non-cash information related to leases:

Other Information (in thousands) |  | Six months ended June 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities (a) |  | $ | 62,935 |
Supplemental non-cash information on lease liabilities arising from obtaining ROU assets: |  |
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 157,914 |

(a) Included in Net cash provided by operating activities on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The terms "Euronet," the "Company," "we" and "us" as used herein refer to Euronet Worldwide, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains statements that constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”). Generally, the words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "estimate," "will" and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. However, the absence of these words or similar expressions does not mean the statement is not forward-looking. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this document are forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, statements regarding the following:

• | our business plans and financing plans and requirements;

• | trends affecting our business plans and financing plans and requirements;

• | trends affecting our business;

• | the adequacy of capital to meet our capital requirements and expansion plans;

• | the assumptions underlying our business plans;

• | our ability to repay indebtedness;

• | our estimated capital expenditures;

• | the potential outcome of loss contingencies;

• | our expectations regarding the closing of any pending acquisitions;

• | business strategy;

• | government regulatory action;

• | the expected effects of changes in laws or accounting standards;

• | technological advances; and

• | projected costs and revenues.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that these expectations will prove to be correct.
Investors are cautioned that any forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may materially differ from those in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, conditions in world financial markets and general economic conditions, including the effects in Europe of the negotiations related to the United Kingdom's proposed departure from the European Union, and economic conditions in specific countries and regions; technological developments affecting the market for our products and services; our ability to successfully introduce new products and services; foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; the effects of any breach of our computer systems or those of our customers or vendors, including our financial processing networks or those of other third parties; interruptions in any of our systems or those of our vendors or other third parties; our ability to renew existing contracts at profitable rates; changes in fees payable for transactions performed for cards bearing international logos or over switching networks such as card transactions on ATMs; Visa's rule change to allow our ATMs to provide DCC beginning mid-April 2019; our ability to comply with increasingly stringent regulatory requirements, including anti-money laundering, anti-terrorism, anti-bribery, consumer and data protection and GDPR or PSD2, requirements; changes in laws and regulations affecting our business, including tax and immigration laws and any laws regulating payments, including DCC transactions; changes in our relationships with, or in fees charged by, our business partners; competition; the outcome of claims and other loss contingencies affecting Euronet; general economic, financial and market conditions and the duration and extent of any future economic downturns; the cost of borrowing, availability of credit and terms of and compliance with debt covenants; renewal of sources of funding as they expire and the availability of replacement funding; the outlook for markets we serve; and those factors referred to above and as set forth and more fully described in Part I, Item 1A — Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and in Part II, Item 1A-Risk Factors in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q are available on the SEC's EDGAR website at www.sec.gov, and copies may also be obtained by contacting the Company. Any forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q speak only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we do not intend, and do not undertake any obligation, to update any forward-looking statements to reflect future events or circumstances after the date of such statements.
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OVERVIEW
COMPANY OVERVIEW, GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS AND PRINCIPAL PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
Euronet is a leading electronic payments provider. We offer payment and transaction processing and distribution solutions to financial institutions, retailers, service providers and individual consumers. Our primary product offerings include comprehensive automated teller machine (“ATM”), point-of-sale (“POS”), card outsourcing, card issuing and merchant acquiring services; software solutions and cloud based payment solutions; electronic distribution of prepaid mobile airtime and other electronic payment products; foreign currency exchange services and global money transfer services. We operate in the following three segments:

• | The EFT Processing Segment, which processes transactions for a network of 46,636 ATMs and approximately 307,000 POS terminals across Europe, the Middle East, Asia Pacific and the United States. We provide comprehensive electronic payment solutions consisting of ATM cash withdrawal and deposit services, ATM network participation, outsourced ATM and POS management solutions, credit and debit card outsourcing, DCC, domestic and international surcharge and other value added services. Through this segment, we also offer a suite of integrated electronic financial transaction software solutions for electronic payment and transaction delivery systems.

• | The epay Segment, which provides distribution, processing and collection services for digital media (formerly referred to as non-mobile content) and prepaid mobile airtime. We operate a network of approximately 700,000 POS terminals providing electronic processing of digital media and prepaid mobile airtime top-up services in Europe, the Middle East, Asia Pacific, the United States and South America. We also provide vouchers and physical gift fulfillment services in Europe.

• | The Money Transfer Segment, which provides global consumer-to-consumer money transfer services, primarily under the brand names Ria, IME and xe. xe also provides global account-to-account money transfer services. We offer services under the brand names Ria and IME through a network of sending agents, Company-owned stores (primarily in North America, Europe and Malaysia) and Ria branded websites (riamoneytransfer.com and online.imeremit.com), disbursing money transfers through a worldwide correspondent network that includes approximately 385,000 locations. xe offers money transfer services on its websites (xe.com and x-rates.com) and through its customer service representatives. The xe websites also provide foreign currency exchange information. In addition to money transfers, we also offer customers bill payment services (primarily in the U.S.), payment alternatives such as money orders and prepaid debit cards, comprehensive check cashing services for a wide variety of issued checks, along with competitive foreign currency exchange services and prepaid mobile top-up. We offer services under the brand name xe through our websites (www.xe.com and https://transfer.xe.com). Through our HiFM brand, we offer cash management solutions and foreign currency risk management services to small-to-medium sized businesses.

We have six processing centers in Europe, five in Asia Pacific and two in North America. We have 36 principal offices in Europe, 14 in Asia Pacific, nine in North America, three in the Middle East, two in South America and one in Africa. Our executive offices are located in Leawood, Kansas, USA. With approximately 72% of our revenues denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, any significant changes in foreign currency exchange rates will likely have a significant impact on our results of operations.
SOURCES OF REVENUES AND CASH FLOW
Euronet primarily earns revenues and income from ATM management fees, transaction fees, commissions and foreign currency exchange margin. Each operating segment’s sources of revenues are described below.
EFT Processing Segment — Revenues in the EFT Processing Segment, which represented approximately 33% and 30% of total consolidated revenues for the second quarter and first half of 2019, respectively, are primarily derived from fees charged for transactions made by cardholders on our proprietary network of ATMs, fixed management fees and transaction fees we charge to customers for operating ATMs and processing debit and credit cards under outsourcing and cross-border acquiring agreements, foreign currency exchange margin on DCC transactions, domestic and international surcharge, foreign currency dispensing, and other value added services such as advertising, prepaid telecommunication recharges, bill payment, and money transfers provided over ATMs. Revenues in this segment are also derived from license fees, professional services and maintenance fees for proprietary application software and sales of related hardware.
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epay Segment — Revenues in the epay Segment, which represented approximately 27% and 28% of total consolidated revenues for the second quarter and first half of 2019, respectively, are derived from commissions or processing fees received from mobile phone operators for the processing and distribution of prepaid mobile airtime and commissions earned from the distribution of other digital media products, vouchers, and physical gifts. The proportion of epay Segment revenues earned from the distribution of prepaid mobile phone time as compared with other digital media has decreased over time, and digital media now produces approximately 61% of epay Segment revenues. Other digital media products offered by this segment include digital content such as music, games and software, as well as other products, including prepaid long distance calling card plans, prepaid Internet plans, prepaid debit cards, gift cards, vouchers, transport payments, lottery payments, bill payment, and money transfer.
Money Transfer Segment — Revenues in the Money Transfer Segment, which represented approximately 40% and 42% of total consolidated revenues for the second quarter and first half of 2019, respectively, are primarily derived from transaction fees, as well as the margin earned from purchasing foreign currency at wholesale exchange rates and selling the foreign currency to customers at retail exchange rates. We have a sending agent network in place comprised of agents, customer service representatives, Company-owned stores, primarily in North America, Europe, and Malaysia, and Ria, and xe branded websites, along with a worldwide network of correspondent agents, consisting primarily of financial institutions in the transfer destination countries. Sending and correspondent agents each earn fees for cash collection and distribution services, which are recognized as direct operating costs at the time of sale.
The Company offers a money transfer product called Walmart-2-Walmart Money Transfer Service which allows customers to transfer money to and from Walmart stores in the U.S. Our Ria business executes the transfers with Walmart serving as both the sending agent and payout correspondent. Ria earns a lower margin from these transactions than its traditional money transfers; however, the arrangement has added a significant number of transactions to Ria’s business. The agreement with Walmart establishes Ria as the only party through which Walmart will sell U.S. domestic money transfers branded with Walmart marks. The agreement is effective until April 2020. Thereafter, it will automatically renew for subsequent one year terms unless either party provides notice to the contrary. The agreement imposes certain obligations on each party, the most significant being service level requirements by Ria and money transfer compliance requirements by Walmart. Any violation of these requirements by Ria could result in an obligation to indemnify Walmart or termination of the contract by Walmart. However, the agreement allows the parties to resolve disputes by mutual agreement without termination of the agreement.
Corporate Services, Eliminations and Other - In addition to operating in our principal operating segments described above, our “Corporate Services, Eliminations and Other” category includes non-operating activity, certain inter-segment eliminations and the cost of providing corporate and other administrative services to the operating segments, including most share-based compensation expense. These services are not directly identifiable with our reportable operating segments.
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Our expansion plans and opportunities are focused on eight primary areas:

• | increasing the number of ATMs and cash deposit terminals in our independent networks;

• | increasing transactions processed on our network of owned and operated ATMs and POS devices;

• | signing new outsourced ATM and POS terminal management contracts;

• | expanding value added services and other products offered by our EFT Processing Segment, including the sale of DCC, acquiring and other prepaid card services to banks and retailers;

• | expanding our epay processing network and portfolio of digital content;

• | expanding our money transfer services, cross-currency payment products and bill payment network;

• | expanding our cash management solutions and foreign currency risk management services; and

• | developing our credit and debit card outsourcing business.

EFT Processing Segment — The continued expansion and development of our EFT Processing Segment business will depend on various factors including, but not necessarily limited to, the following:

• | the impact of competition by banks and other ATM operators and service providers in our current target markets;

• | the demand for our ATM outsourcing services in our current target markets;

• | our ability to develop products or services, including value added services, to drive increases in transactions and revenues;

• | the expansion of our various business lines in markets where we operate and in new markets;

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• | our entry into additional card acceptance and ATM management agreements with banks;

• | our ability to obtain required licenses in markets we intend to enter or expand services;

• | our ability to enter into sponsorship agreements;

• | our ability to enter into and renew ATM network cash supply agreements with financial institutions;

• | the availability of financing for expansion;

• | our ability efficiently to install ATMs contracted under newly awarded outsourcing agreements;

• | our ability to renew existing contracts at profitable rates;

• | our ability to maintain pricing at current levels or mitigate price reductions in certain markets;

• | the impact of changes in rules imposed by international card organizations such as Visa and Mastercard on card transactions on ATMs, including reductions in ATM interchange fees, restrictions on the ability to apply direct access fees, the ability to offer DCC transactions on ATMs, and increases in fees charged on DCC transactions;

• | the impact of changes in laws and regulations affecting the profitability of our services, including regulation of DCC transactions by the E.U.;

• | our ability to expand and sign additional customers for the cross-border merchant processing and acquiring business; and

• | the continued development and implementation of our software products and their ability to interact with other leading products.

We consistently evaluate and add prospects to our list of potential ATM outsource customers. However, we cannot predict the increase or decrease in the number of ATMs we manage under outsourcing agreements because this depends largely on the willingness of banks to enter into outsourcing contracts with us. Due to the thorough internal reviews and extensive negotiations conducted by existing and prospective banking customers in choosing outsource vendors, the process of entering into or renewing outsourcing agreements can take several months. The process is further complicated by the legal and regulatory considerations of local countries. These agreements tend to cover large numbers of ATMs, so significant increases and decreases in our pool of managed ATMs could result from the acquisition or termination of one or more of these management contracts. Therefore, the timing of both current and new contract revenues is uncertain and unpredictable.
Software products are an integral part of our product lines, and our investment in research, development, delivery and customer support reflects our ongoing commitment to an expanded customer base.
epay Segment — The continued expansion and development of the epay Segment business will depend on various factors, including, but not necessarily limited to, the following:

• | our ability to maintain and renew existing agreements, and to negotiate new agreements in additional markets with mobile operators, digital content providers, agent financial institutions and retailers;

• | our ability to use existing expertise and relationships with mobile operators, digital content providers and retailers to our advantage;

• | the continued use of third-party providers such as ourselves to supply electronic processing solutions for existing and additional digital content;

• | the development of mobile phone networks in the markets in which we do business and the increase in the number of mobile phone users;

• | the overall pace of growth in the prepaid mobile phone and digital content market, including consumer shifts between prepaid and postpaid services and moves by mobile operators to sell prepaid mobile airtime directly to consumers;

• | the effect of competition among mobile operators on the cost of mobile data and airtime which results in fewer or less frequent purchases of prepaid mobile airtime by consumers;

• | our market share of the retail distribution capacity;

• | the development of new technologies that may compete with POS distribution of prepaid mobile airtime and other products;

• | the level of commission that is paid to the various intermediaries in the electronic payment distribution chain;

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• | our ability to fully recover monies collected by retailers;

• | our ability to add new and differentiated products in addition to those offered by mobile operators;

• | our ability to develop and effectively market additional value added services;

• | our ability to take advantage of cross-selling opportunities with our EFT Processing and Money Transfer Segments, including providing money transfer services through our distribution network; and

• | the availability of financing for further expansion.

In all of the markets in which we operate, we are experiencing significant competition which will impact the rate at which we may be able to grow organically. Competition among prepaid mobile airtime and digital content distributors results in the increase of commissions paid to retailers and increases in retailer attrition rates. To grow, we must capture market share from other prepaid mobile airtime and digital content distributors, offer a superior product offering and demonstrate the value of a global network. In certain markets in which we operate, many of the factors that may contribute to rapid growth (growth in digital media products, expansion of our network of retailers and access to products of mobile operators and other digital media providers) remain present.
Money Transfer Segment — The continued expansion and development of our Money Transfer Segment business will depend on various factors, including, but not necessarily limited to, the following:

• | the continued growth in worker migration and employment opportunities;

• | the mitigation of economic and political factors that have had an adverse impact on money transfer volumes, such as changes in the economic sectors in which immigrants work and the developments in immigration policies in the countries in which we operate;

• | the continuation of the trend of increased use of electronic money transfer and bill payment services among high-income individuals, immigrant workers and the unbanked population in our markets;

• | our ability to maintain our agent and correspondent networks;

• | our ability to offer our products and services or develop new products and services at competitive prices to drive increases in transactions;

• | the development of new technologies that may compete with our money transfer network, and our ability to acquire, develop and implement new technologies;

• | the expansion of our services in markets where we operate and in new markets;

• | our ability to strengthen our brands;

• | our ability to fund working capital requirements;

• | our ability to recover from agents funds collected from customers and our ability to recover advances made to correspondents;

• | our ability to maintain compliance with the regulatory requirements of the jurisdictions in which we operate or plan to operate;

• | our ability to take advantage of cross-selling opportunities with the epay Segment, including providing prepaid services through our stores and agents worldwide;

• | our ability to leverage our banking and merchant/retailer relationships to expand money transfer corridors to Europe, Asia and Africa, including high growth corridors to Central and Eastern European countries;

• | the availability of financing for further expansion;

• | the ability to maintain banking relationships necessary for us to service our customers;

• | our ability to successfully expand our agent network in Europe using our payment institution licenses under the Second Payment Services Directive ("PSD2") and using our various licenses in the United States; and

• | our ability to provide additional value-added products under the xe brand.

For all segments, our continued expansion may involve additional acquisitions that could divert our resources and management time and require integration of new assets with our existing networks and services. Our ability to effectively manage our growth has required us to expand our operating systems and employee base, particularly at the management level, which has
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added incremental operating costs. An inability to continue to effectively manage expansion could have a material adverse effect on our business, growth, financial condition or results of operations. Inadequate technology and resources would impair our ability to maintain current processing technology and efficiencies, as well as deliver new and innovative services to compete in the marketplace.
SEGMENT SUMMARY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Revenues and operating income by segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 are summarized in the tables below:

|  | Revenues for the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Year-over-Year Change |  | Revenues for the Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Year-over-Year Change
(dollar amounts in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease) Amount |  | Increase Percent |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease) Amount |  | Increase Percent
EFT Processing |  | $ | 231,946 |  |  | $ | 194,893 |  |  | $ | 37,053 |  |  | 19 | % |  | $ | 377,649 |  |  | $ | 330,597 |  |  | $ | 47,052 |  |  | 14 | %
epay |  | 184,160 |  |  | 166,463 |  |  | 17,697 |  |  | 11 | % |  | 360,274 |  |  | 343,308 |  |  | 16,966 |  |  | 5 | %
Money Transfer |  | 276,783 |  |  | 261,816 |  |  | 14,967 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 533,364 |  |  | 500,652 |  |  | 32,712 |  |  | 7 | %
Total |  | 692,889 |  |  | 623,172 |  |  | 69,717 |  |  | 11 | % |  | 1,271,287 |  |  | 1,174,557 |  |  | 96,730 |  |  | 8 | %
Corporate services, eliminations and other |  | (1,022 | ) |  | (948 | ) |  | (74 | ) |  | 8 | % |  | (1,911 | ) |  | (1,818 | ) |  | (93 | ) |  | 5 | %
Total |  | $ | 691,867 |  |  | $ | 622,224 |  |  | $ | 69,643 |  |  | 11 | % |  | $ | 1,269,376 |  |  | $ | 1,172,739 |  |  | $ | 96,637 |  |  | 8 | %

|  | Operating Income (Expense) for the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Year-over-Year Change |  | Operating Income (Expense) for the Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Year-over-Year Change
(dollar amounts in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease) Amount |  | Increase Percent |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Increase Amount |  | Increase (Decrease) Percent
EFT Processing |  | $ | 76,516 |  |  | $ | 52,922 |  |  | $ | 23,594 |  |  | 45 | % |  | $ | 93,284 |  |  | $ | 64,469 |  |  | $ | 28,815 |  |  | 45 | %
epay |  | 17,555 |  |  | 16,329 |  |  | 1,226 |  |  | 8 | % |  | 35,554 |  |  | 33,224 |  |  | 2,330 |  |  | 7 | %
Money Transfer |  | 35,346 |  |  | 32,612 |  |  | 2,734 |  |  | 8 | % |  | 66,120 |  |  | 59,066 |  |  | 7,054 |  |  | 12 | %
Total |  | 129,417 |  |  | 101,863 |  |  | 27,554 |  |  | 27 | % |  | 194,958 |  |  | 156,759 |  |  | 38,199 |  |  | 24 | %
Corporate services, eliminations and other |  | (11,520 | ) |  | (11,494 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | — | % |  | (20,967 | ) |  | (20,918 | ) |  | (49 | ) |  | — | %
Total |  | $ | 117,897 |  |  | $ | 90,369 |  |  | $ | 27,528 |  |  | 30 | % |  | $ | 173,991 |  |  | $ | 135,841 |  |  | $ | 38,150 |  |  | 28 | %

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Impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates
Our revenues and local expenses are recorded in the functional currencies of our operating entities and translated into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes; therefore, amounts we earn outside the U.S. are negatively impacted by a stronger U.S. dollar and positively impacted by a weaker U.S. dollar. Considering the results by country and the associated functional currency, we estimate that our reported consolidated operating income for the second quarter and first half of 2019 were each approximately 5% less, due to the changes in foreign currency exchange rates when compared to the same periods of 2018.
To provide further perspective on the impact of foreign currency exchange rates, the following table shows the changes in values relative to the U.S. dollar of the currencies of the countries in which we have our most significant operations:

|  | Average Translation Rate Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Decrease Percent |  | Average Translation Rate Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Decrease Percent
Currency (dollars per foreign currency) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Australian dollar |  | $ | 0.7002 |  |  | $ | 0.7567 |  |  | (7 | )% |  | $ | 0.7064 |  |  | $ | 0.7713 |  |  | (8 | )%
British pound |  | $ | 1.2851 |  |  | $ | 1.3602 |  |  | (6 | )% |  | $ | 1.2938 |  |  | $ | 1.3760 |  |  | (6 | )%
euro |  | $ | 1.1236 |  |  | $ | 1.1919 |  |  | (6 | )% |  | $ | 1.1295 |  |  | $ | 1.2104 |  |  | (7 | )%
Hungarian forint |  | $ | 0.0035 |  |  | $ | 0.0038 |  |  | (8 | )% |  | $ | 0.0035 |  |  | $ | 0.0039 |  |  | (10 | )%
Indian rupee |  | $ | 0.0144 |  |  | $ | 0.0149 |  |  | (3 | )% |  | $ | 0.0143 |  |  | $ | 0.0152 |  |  | (6 | )%
Malaysian ringgit |  | $ | 0.2412 |  |  | $ | 0.2534 |  |  | (5 | )% |  | $ | 0.2428 |  |  | $ | 0.2542 |  |  | (4 | )%
New Zealand dollar |  | $ | 0.6625 |  |  | $ | 0.7042 |  |  | (6 | )% |  | $ | 0.6719 |  |  | $ | 0.7156 |  |  | (6 | )%
Polish zloty |  | $ | 0.2626 |  |  | $ | 0.2799 |  |  | (6 | )% |  | $ | 0.2633 |  |  | $ | 0.2870 |  |  | (8 | )%

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COMPARISON OF OPERATING RESULTS FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2019 AND 2018
EFT PROCESSING SEGMENT
The following table presents the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 for our EFT Processing Segment:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Year-over-Year Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Year-over-Year Change
(dollar amounts in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Increase Amount |  | Increase Percent |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Increase Amount |  | Increase Percent
Total revenues |  | $ | 231,946 |  |  | $ | 194,893 |  |  | $ | 37,053 |  |  | 19 | % |  | $ | 377,649 |  |  | $ | 330,597 |  |  | $ | 47,052 |  |  | 14 | %
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct operating costs |  | 105,568 |  |  | 96,326 |  |  | 9,242 |  |  | 10 | % |  | 189,344 |  |  | 178,163 |  |  | 11,181 |  |  | 6 | %
Salaries and benefits |  | 21,339 |  |  | 19,046 |  |  | 2,293 |  |  | 12 | % |  | 40,770 |  |  | 36,051 |  |  | 4,719 |  |  | 13 | %
Selling, general and administrative |  | 10,745 |  |  | 10,216 |  |  | 529 |  |  | 5 | % |  | 19,831 |  |  | 19,331 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 3 | %
Depreciation and amortization |  | 17,778 |  |  | 16,383 |  |  | 1,395 |  |  | 9 | % |  | 34,420 |  |  | 32,583 |  |  | 1,837 |  |  | 6 | %
Total operating expenses |  | 155,430 |  |  | 141,971 |  |  | 13,459 |  |  | 9 | % |  | 284,365 |  |  | 266,128 |  |  | 18,237 |  |  | 7 | %
Operating income |  | $ | 76,516 |  |  | $ | 52,922 |  |  | $ | 23,594 |  |  | 45 | % |  | $ | 93,284 |  |  | $ | 64,469 |  |  | $ | 28,815 |  |  | 45 | %
Transactions processed (millions) |  | 752 |  |  | 677 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 11 | % |  | 1,444 |  |  | 1,299 |  |  | 145 |  |  | 11 | %
ATMs as of June 30, |  | 46,636 |  |  | 41,205 |  |  | 5,431 |  |  | 13 | % |  | 46,636 |  |  | 41,205 |  |  | 5,431 |  |  | 13 | %
Average ATMs |  | 45,717 |  |  | 40,513 |  |  | 5,204 |  |  | 13 | % |  | 43,317 |  |  | 39,082 |  |  | 4,235 |  |  | 11 | %

Revenues
EFT Processing Segment total revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were $231.9 million and $377.6 million, respectively, an increase of $37.1 million or 19% and $47.1 million or 14% as compared to the same periods in 2018, respectively. The increases in total revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were primarily due to an increase in the number of ATMs under management in Europe and Asia Pacific. Specifically, the increase in the number of ATMs contributed to increases in the number of transactions processed. The transaction growth includes an increase in value-added transactions on the ATMs and point-of-sale terminals, primarily attributable to increases in DCC transactions due to Visa's rule change to allow our ATMs to provide DCC beginning second quarter of 2019, domestic and international surcharge, and foreign currency dispensing. Foreign currency exchange rate movements decreased total revenues by approximately $13.1 million and $24.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2018, respectively.
Average monthly revenues per ATM were $1,691 and $1,453 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $1,604 and $1,410 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. Revenues per transaction were $0.31 for the second quarter of 2019 and $0.26 for the first half of 2019, compared to $0.29 for the second quarter of 2018 and $0.25 for the first half of 2018. The increases in average monthly revenues per ATM for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were primarily the result of an increase in value-added transactions on the ATMs and point-of-sale terminals, including increases in DCC transactions due to Visa's rule change to allow our ATMs to provide DCC beginning second quarter of 2019, domestic and international surcharge, and foreign currency dispensing.
Direct operating costs
EFT Processing Segment direct operating costs were $105.6 million and $189.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, an increase of $9.2 million or 10% and $11.2 million or 6% as compared to the same periods in 2018, respectively. Direct operating costs in the EFT Processing Segment consist primarily of site rental fees, cash delivery costs, cash supply costs, maintenance, insurance, telecommunications, data center operations-related personnel, as well as the processing centers’ facility-related costs and other processing center-related expenses and commissions paid to retail merchants, banks and card processors involved with POS DCC transactions. The increases in direct operating costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were primarily due to an increase in the number of ATMs under management, particularly our independent ATM network, partly offset by the impact of the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against key foreign currencies.
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Gross profit
Gross profit, which is calculated as revenues less direct operating costs, was $126.4 million and $188.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $98.6 million and $152.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. The increases in gross profit were primarily due to the growth in revenues from increases in ATMs under management, DCC transactions, domestic and international surcharge, and foreign currency dispensing. The net impact of the U.S. dollar strengthening against key foreign currencies partly offset the increase in gross profit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues (“gross margin”) was 54.5% and 49.9% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to 50.6% and 46.1% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the increase in gross margin was attributable to increases in DCC transactions due to Visa's rule change to allow our ATMs to provide DCC beginning second quarter of 2019, domestic and international surcharge, foreign currency dispensing, and also a higher volume of sales of POS devices in Greece in the second quarter of 2018 on which we earned a lower margin which did not occur in the current period.
Salaries and benefits
Salaries and benefits expense increased $2.3 million or 12% and $4.7 million or 13% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2018, respectively. As a percentage of revenues, these costs increased to 9.2% and 10.8% for the second quarter and first half of 2019, respectively, compared to 9.8% and 10.9% and for the second quarter of 2018 and first half of 2018, respectively. The increases were primarily due to additional headcount to support an increase in the number of ATMs and POS devices under management.
Selling, general and administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were $10.7 million and $19.8 million, respectively, an increase of $0.5 million for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2018. The increases in selling, general and administrative expenses were primarily due to an increase in costs to support the growth in the business partly offset by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against key foreign currencies. As a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses were 4.6% and 5.3% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to 5.2% and 5.8% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. The decreases in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues were primarily attributable to the increases in the number of DCC transactions processed due to Visa's rule change to allow our ATMs to provide DCC beginning second quarter of 2019, domestic and international surcharge, and foreign currency dispensing, which did not require similar increases in support costs.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $1.4 million and $1.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2018, respectively. The increases were primarily attributable to the deployment of additional ATMs under management and software assets. As a percentage of revenues, depreciation and amortization expense was 7.7% and 9.1% for the second quarter and first half of 2019, respectively, as compared to 8.4% and 9.9% for the same periods of 2018. The decreases in depreciation and amortization expenses as a percentage of revenues were primarily attributable to the increases in the number of DCC transactions processed due to Visa's rule change to allow our ATMs to provide DCC beginning second quarter of 2019, domestic and international surcharge, and foreign currency dispensing, which did not require similar increases in fixed assets.
Operating income
EFT Processing Segment operating income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was $76.5 million and $93.3 million, respectively, an increase of $23.6 million or 45% and $28.8 million or 45% as compared to the same periods in 2018, respectively. EFT Processing Segment operating income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 increased primarily due to increases in the number of DCC transactions due to Visa's rule change to allow our ATMs to provide DCC beginning second quarter of 2019, domestic and international surcharge, and foreign currency dispensing as a result of the increased number of ATMs, partly offset by the impact of the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against key foreign currencies.
Operating income as a percentage of revenues (“operating margin”) was 33.0% and 24.7% for the second quarter and first half of 2019, respectively, compared to 27.2% and 19.5% for the same periods of 2018. The increase in operating margin was primarily due to higher revenues partially offset by higher operating expenses incurred to support the increased revenues and additional ATMs under management. Operating income per transaction was $0.10 and $0.06 for the second quarter and first half of 2019 as compared to $0.08 and $0.05 for the same periods of 2018.
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EPAY SEGMENT
The following table presents the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 for our epay Segment:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Year-over-Year Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Year-over-Year Change
(dollar amounts in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease) Amount |  | Increase (Decrease) Percent |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)Amount |  | Increase (Decrease)Percent
Total revenues |  | $ | 184,160 |  |  | $ | 166,463 |  |  | $ | 17,697 |  |  | 11 | % |  | $ | 360,274 |  |  | $ | 343,308 |  |  | $ | 16,966 |  |  | 5 | %
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct operating costs |  | 140,427 |  |  | 125,423 |  |  | 15,004 |  |  | 12 | % |  | 273,952 |  |  | 260,345 |  |  | 13,607 |  |  | 5 | %
Salaries and benefits |  | 14,998 |  |  | 14,327 |  |  | 671 |  |  | 5 | % |  | 29,751 |  |  | 28,744 |  |  | 1,007 |  |  | 4 | %
Selling, general and administrative |  | 9,424 |  |  | 8,490 |  |  | 934 |  |  | 11 | % |  | 17,476 |  |  | 17,223 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 1 | %
Depreciation and amortization |  | 1,756 |  |  | 1,894 |  |  | (138 | ) |  | (7 | )% |  | 3,541 |  |  | 3,772 |  |  | (231 | ) |  | (6 | )%
Total operating expenses |  | 166,605 |  |  | 150,134 |  |  | 16,471 |  |  | 11 | % |  | 324,720 |  |  | 310,084 |  |  | 14,636 |  |  | 5 | %
Operating income |  | $ | 17,555 |  |  | $ | 16,329 |  |  | $ | 1,226 |  |  | 8 | % |  | $ | 35,554 |  |  | $ | 33,224 |  |  | $ | 2,330 |  |  | 7 | %
Transactions processed (millions) |  | 369 |  |  | 264 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 40 | % |  | 707 |  |  | 522 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 35 | %

Revenues
epay Segment total revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were $184.2 million and $360.3 million, respectively, an increase of $17.7 million and $17.0 million as compared to the same periods in 2018, respectively. The increases in total revenues were primarily due to an increase in promotional digital media transactions fulfilled by our cadooz subsidiary that were recorded on a gross value basis and an increase in the number of digital media transactions processed. Foreign currency exchange rate movements decreased total revenues by approximately $9.1 million for the second quarter of 2019 and $24.9 million for the first half of 2019 as compared to the same periods in 2018, respectively.
Revenues per transaction were $0.50 for the second quarter and $0.51 for the first half of 2019 compared to $0.63 and $0.66 for the same periods in 2018, respectively. The decrease in revenues per transaction was primarily the result of the increase in a high volume of low-margin transactions processed in India.
Direct operating costs
epay Segment direct operating costs were $140.4 million and $274.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, an increase of $15.0 million and $13.6 million as compared to the same periods in 2018, respectively. Direct operating costs in our epay Segment include the commissions we pay to retail merchants for the distribution and sale of prepaid mobile airtime and other prepaid products, expenses incurred to operate POS terminals and the cost of vouchers sold and physical gifts fulfilled. The increases in direct operating costs for the second quarter and first half of 2019 were primarily due to the increases in promotional digital media transactions fulfilled by our cadooz subsidiary and commission paid to wholesalers partially offset by the impact of the U.S. dollar strengthening against key foreign currencies.
Gross profit
Gross profit was $43.7 million and $86.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to $41.0 million and $83.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. The increases were primarily due to the growth in digital media transactions processed, partly offset by a decrease in prepaid mobile transactions processed in certain markets and the net impact of the U.S. dollar strengthening against key foreign currencies.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the gross margin was 23.7% and 24.0% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to 24.7% and 24.2% for the same periods in 2018, respectively. The decreases in the gross margin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were driven by the promotional digital media transactions fulfilled by our cadooz subsidiary that was recorded on a gross value basis.
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Salaries and benefits
Salaries and benefits expense increased $0.7 million or 5% and $1.0 million or 4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2018, respectively. The increases were mainly driven by increased headcount to support growth in the segment. As a percentage of revenues, salaries and benefits were 8.1% and 8.3% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, which were generally consistent with 8.6% and 8.4% for the same periods in 2018, respectively.
Selling, general and administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $9.4 million and $17.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, an increase of 11% and 1% as compared to the same periods in 2018, respectively. As a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses were 5.1% and 4.9% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to 5.1% and 5.0% for the same periods in 2018, respectively.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense primarily represents depreciation of POS terminals we place in retail stores and the amortization of acquired intangible assets. Depreciation and amortization expense was $1.8 million and $3.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, a decrease of 7% and 6% as compared to the same periods in 2018, respectively. The decreases were primarily due to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized in 2019. As a percentage of revenues, depreciation and amortization expense was 1.0% for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to 1.1% for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.
Operating income
epay Segment operating income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was $17.6 million and $35.6 million, respectively, an increase of $1.2 million and $2.3 million as compared to the same periods in 2018, respectively. Operating income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 improved as a result of the increase in the portion of higher-margin digital media transactions.
Operating margin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was 9.5% and 9.9%, respectively, as compared to the 9.8% and 9.7% for the same periods in 2018, respectively. The decrease in the second quarter of 2019 was primarily due to the promotional digital media transactions fulfilled by our cadooz subsidiary. The increase in the first half of 2019 was primarily driven by an increase in the percentage of revenues from digital media products which earn a higher margin than mobile transactions. Operating income per transaction decreased to $0.05 for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, from $0.06 for both the same periods in 2018, respectively. The decreases in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were primarily due to the increase in high volume, low margin transactions processed in India.
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MONEY TRANSFER SEGMENT
The following table presents the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 for the Money Transfer Segment:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Year-over-Year Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Year-over-Year Change
(dollar amounts in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Increase Amount |  | Increase Percent |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease)Amount |  | Increase Percent
Total revenues |  | $ | 276,783 |  |  | $ | 261,816 |  |  | $ | 14,967 |  |  | 6 | % |  | $ | 533,364 |  |  | $ | 500,652 |  |  | $ | 32,712 |  |  | 7 | %
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct operating costs |  | 148,834 |  |  | 140,707 |  |  | 8,127 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 286,238 |  |  | 268,138 |  |  | 18,100 |  |  | 7 | %
Salaries and benefits |  | 52,713 |  |  | 49,118 |  |  | 3,595 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 103,869 |  |  | 96,475 |  |  | 7,394 |  |  | 8 | %
Selling, general and administrative |  | 31,731 |  |  | 31,426 |  |  | 305 |  |  | 1 | % |  | 60,840 |  |  | 61,125 |  |  | (285 | ) |  | — | %
Depreciation and amortization |  | 8,159 |  |  | 7,953 |  |  | 206 |  |  | 3 | % |  | 16,297 |  |  | 15,848 |  |  | 449 |  |  | 3 | %
Total operating expenses |  | 241,437 |  |  | 229,204 |  |  | 12,233 |  |  | 5 | % |  | 467,244 |  |  | 441,586 |  |  | 25,658 |  |  | 6 | %
Operating income |  | $ | 35,346 |  |  | $ | 32,612 |  |  | $ | 2,734 |  |  | 8 | % |  | $ | 66,120 |  |  | $ | 59,066 |  |  | $ | 7,054 |  |  | 12 | %
Transactions processed (millions) |  | 28.9 |  |  | 26.9 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 55.5 |  |  | 51.2 |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | 8 | %

Revenues
Money Transfer Segment total revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were $276.8 million and $533.4 million, respectively, an increase of $15.0 million or 6% and $32.7 million or 7% as compared to the same periods in 2018. The increases in total revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were primarily due to an increase in the number of money transfers processed, driven by growth in the foreign agent and correspondent payout networks. Foreign currency exchange rate movements decreased total revenues by approximately $7.9 million for the second quarter of 2019 and $17.1 million for the first half of 2019 as compared to the same periods in 2018.
Revenues per transaction decreased to $9.58 and $9.61 for the second quarter and first half of 2019, respectively, from $9.73 and $9.78 for the same periods in 2018. The decreases were primarily due to the impact of the U.S. dollar strengthening against key foreign currencies.
Direct operating costs
Money Transfer Segment direct operating costs were $148.8 million and $286.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, an increase of $8.1 million or 6% and $18.1 million or 7% as compared to the same periods in 2018. Direct operating costs in the Money Transfer Segment primarily consist of commissions paid to agents who originate money transfers on our behalf and correspondent agents who disburse funds to the customers’ destination beneficiaries, together with less significant costs, such as bank depository fees. The increases in direct operating costs for the three and six months of 2019 were primarily due to growth in the number of money transfer transactions processed in foreign markets.
Gross profit
Gross profit was $127.9 million and $247.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to $121.1 million and $232.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. The increases in gross profit were primarily due to growth in the number of money transfer transactions processed in foreign markets.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, gross margin remained flat at 46.2% and 46.3%, respectively, as compared to the same periods in the 2018.
Salaries and benefits
Salaries and benefits expense increased $3.6 million or 7% and $7.4 million or 8% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2018. The increases in salaries and benefits were primarily due to the expansion of our operations in the U.S. and foreign markets. As a percentage of revenues, salaries and benefits were essentially flat at 19.0% and 19.5% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to 18.8% and 19.3% for the same periods in 2018.
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Selling, general, and administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were $31.7 million and $60.8 million, respectively, an increase of $0.3 million or 1% for the second quarter of 2019, and were essentially consistent for the first half of 2019 as compared to the same periods of 2018. The increase for the second quarter of 2019 was primarily due to expenses incurred to support the growth of our money transfer services in both the U.S. and foreign markets largely offset by the impact of the U.S. dollar strengthening against key foreign currencies.
As a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses were 11.5% and 11.4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to 12.0% and 12.2% for the same periods in 2018. The decreases were primarily due to the increase in the number of money transfers processed, which did not require similar increases in support costs.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization primarily represents amortization of acquired intangible assets and depreciation of money transfer terminals, computers and software, leasehold improvements and office equipment. Depreciation and amortization expense increased $0.2 million or 3% and $0.4 million or 3% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2018, largely due to the increased capital additions as a result of business growth.
As a percentage of revenues, depreciation and amortization expense was 2.9% for the second quarter of 2019 and 3.1% for the first half of 2019, which was essentially unchanged compared to 3.0% and 3.2% for the same periods of 2018.
Operating income
Money Transfer Segment operating income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was $35.3 million and $66.1 million, respectively, an increase of $2.7 million or 8% and $7.1 million or 12% as compared to the same periods of 2018. Operating income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 increased primarily due to the growth in the number of money transfers processed partly offset by the additional salaries and benefits costs incurred.
As a percentage of revenues, operating margin was 12.8% and 12.4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to 12.5% and 11.8% for the same periods in 2018. Operating income per transaction increased to $1.22 and $1.19 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, from $1.21 and $1.15 for the same periods in 2018. The increases in operating margin and operating income per transaction were primarily due to the growth in the number of money transfers processed which did not require similar increases in support costs.
CORPORATE SERVICES
The following table presents the operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 for Corporate Services:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Year-over-Year Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Year-over-Year Change
(dollar amounts in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease) Amount |  | Increase (Decrease) Percent |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease) Amount |  | Increase (Decrease) Percent
Salaries and benefits |  | $ | 9,500 |  |  | $ | 9,232 |  |  | $ | 268 |  |  | 3 | % |  | $ | 16,955 |  |  | $ | 16,159 |  |  | $ | 796 |  |  | 5 | %
Selling, general and administrative |  | 1,946 |  |  | 2,229 |  |  | (283 | ) |  | (13 | )% |  | 3,863 |  |  | 4,697 |  |  | (834 | ) |  | (18 | )%
Depreciation and amortization |  | 74 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 124 | % |  | 149 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 140 | %
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 11,520 |  |  | $ | 11,494 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 20,967 |  |  | $ | 20,918 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | — | %

Corporate operating expenses
Overall, operating expenses for Corporate Services were $11.5 million and $21.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, which were consistent when compared to the same periods in 2018. The increases were primarily attributable to an increase in bonus expense due to our improved operating results compared to targets.
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OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Year-over-Year Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Year-over-Year Change
(dollar amounts in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease) Amount |  | Increase (Decrease) Percent |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Increase (Decrease) Amount |  | Increase (Decrease) Percent
Interest income |  | $ | 513 |  |  | $ | 416 |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | 23 | % |  | 856 |  |  | 712 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 20 | %
Interest expense |  | (10,029 | ) |  | (10,061 | ) |  | 32 |  |  | — | % |  | (18,228 | ) |  | (17,667 | ) |  | (561 | ) |  | 3 | %
Loss on early extinguishment of debt |  | (8,903 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8,903 | ) |  | n/m |  |  | (9,831 | ) |  | — |  |  | (9,831 | ) |  | n/m |
Foreign currency exchange (loss) gain, net |  | (121 | ) |  | (20,690 | ) |  | 20,569 |  |  | n/m |  |  | 3,087 |  |  | (18,755 | ) |  | 21,842 |  |  | n/m |
Loss from unconsolidated affiliates |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | n/m |  |  | — |  |  | (117 | ) |  | 117 |  |  | n/m |
Other (loss) gains |  | (29 | ) |  | 29 |  |  | (58 | ) |  | n/m |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 60 |  |  | (64 | ) |  | n/m |
Other expense, net |  | $ | (18,569 | ) |  | $ | (30,306 | ) |  | $ | 11,737 |  |  | n/m |  |  | $ | (24,120 | ) |  | $ | (35,767 | ) |  | $ | 11,647 |  |  | n/m |

________________
n/m — Not meaningful
Interest income
The increase in interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 when compared to the same periods in 2018 was due to the interest earned from the immediate proceeds we received from the issuance of Convertible Notes and the Senior Notes before they were fully utilized in the business.
Interest expense
The increase in interest expense for the first half of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 was primarily related to the greater weighted average borrowings outstanding offset by lower weighted average borrowing rates.
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
The increase in loss on early extinguishment of debt for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 when compared to the same periods in 2018 was due to the retirement of the Retired Convertible Notes that would have matured in 2044 on May 28, 2019.
Foreign currency exchange (loss) gain, net
Foreign currency exchange activity includes gains and losses on certain foreign currency exchange derivative contracts and the impact of remeasurement of assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. Assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the local currency of each of our subsidiaries give rise to foreign currency exchange gains and losses. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses that result from remeasurement of these assets and liabilities are recorded in net income. The majority of our foreign currency exchange gains or losses are due to the remeasurement of the change in USD value of our euro-denominated Senior Notes beginning second quarter of 2019 and intercompany loans which are not considered a long-term investment in nature and are in a currency other than the functional currency of one of the parties to the loan. For example, we make intercompany loans based in euros from our corporate division, which is composed of U.S. dollar functional currency entities, to certain European entities that use the euro as the functional currency. As the U.S. dollar strengthens against the euro, foreign currency exchange losses are recognized by our corporate entities because the number of euros to be received in settlement of the loans decreases in U.S. dollar terms. Conversely, in this example, in periods where the U.S. dollar weakens, our corporate entities will record foreign currency exchange gains.
We recorded a net foreign currency exchange loss of $0.1 million for the second quarter of 2019 and a net gain of $3.1 million for the first half of 2019, as compared to net foreign currency exchange losses of $20.7 million and $18.8 million for the same periods in 2018. These realized and unrealized foreign currency exchange losses and gains reflect the fluctuation in the value of the U.S. dollar against the currencies of the countries in which we operated during the respective periods.
INCOME TAX EXPENSE
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The Company's effective income tax rate was 31.5% and 31.6% for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to 27.3% and 30.1% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. The Company's effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was higher than the applicable statutory income tax rate of 21% as a result of certain foreign earnings of the Company being subject to higher local statutory income tax rates and the application of the U.S. global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") tax provision to the Company. The GILTI provision subjects the Company's current foreign earnings to U.S. taxation which creates additional U.S. tax expense. The increase in the effective tax rate for the first half of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 is due to (i) the release of unrecognized tax benefits in the first half of 2018 from the settlement or expiration of tax audit examinations and (ii) the mix of foreign earnings in higher tax rate jurisdictions.
NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
Noncontrolling interests represents the elimination of net income or loss attributable to the minority shareholders’ portion of the following consolidated subsidiaries that are not wholly owned:

Subsidiary |  | Percent Owned |  | Segment - Country
Movilcarga |  | 95% |  | epay - Spain
Euronet China |  | 85% |  | EFT - China
Euronet Pakistan |  | 70% |  | EFT - Pakistan
Euronet Infinitium Solutions |  | 65% |  | EFT - India

NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO EURONET
Net income attributable to Euronet was $68.2 million and $102.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, an increase of $24.4 million and $32.6 million as compared to the same periods in 2018. The increase in net income for the first half of 2019 was primarily due to an increase in operating income of $38.2 million, a $21.8 million increase in net foreign currency exchange gain, partly offset by a $17.2 million increase in income tax expense, an increase in loss on early extinguishment on debt of $9.8 million, and an increase in interest expense of $0.6 million.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Working capital
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had working capital, which is calculated as the difference between total current assets and total current liabilities, of $1,220 million and $709 million, respectively. Our ratio of current assets to current liabilities at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was 1.82 and 1.51, respectively. The increase in working capital was primarily due to the addition of current portion of operating lease liabilities and ATM cash funded by the long-term debt.
We require substantial working capital to finance operations. In the Money Transfer Segment, we fund the payout of the majority of our consumer-to-consumer money transfer services before receiving the benefit of amounts collected from customers by agents. Working capital needs increase due to weekends, and domestic and international banking holidays. As a result, we may report more or less working capital for the Money Transfer Segment based solely upon the day on which the reporting period ends. The epay Segment produces positive working capital, but much of it is restricted in connection with the administration of its customer collection and vendor remittance activities. In our EFT Processing Segment, we obtain a significant portion of the cash required to operate our ATMs through various cash supply arrangements, the amount of which is not recorded on Euronet's Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, in certain countries, we fund the cash required to operate our ATM network from borrowings under our revolving credit facilities and cash flows from operations. As of June 30, 2019, we had approximately $809 million of our own cash in use or designated for use in our ATM network, which is recorded in cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable, for ATM withdrawals pending settlement, on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
We had cash and cash equivalents of $1,558 million at June 30, 2019, of which $1,294 million was held outside of the United States and is expected to be indefinitely reinvested for continued use in foreign operations. Repatriation of these assets to the U.S. could have negative tax consequences.
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The following table identifies cash and cash equivalents provided by/(used in) our operating, investing and financing activities for the six month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

| Six Months Ended June 30,
Liquidity | 2019 |  | 2018
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash provided by (used in): |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 56,714 |  |  | $ | 69,304 |
Investing activities | (68,760 | ) |  | (68,990 | )
Financing activities | 505,945 |  |  | 360,922 |
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | 4,907 |  |  | (25,471 | )
Increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 498,806 |  |  | $ | 335,765 |

Operating activity cash flow
Cash flows provided by operating activities were $56.7 million for the first half of 2019 compared to $69.3 million for the first half of 2018. The decrease is primarily due to fluctuations in working capital mainly associated with the timing of the settlement processes with content providers in the epay Segment and with correspondents in the Money Transfer Segment, partly offset by improved operating results.
Investing activity cash flow
Cash flows used in investing activities were $68.8 million for the first half of 2019 compared to $69.0 million for the first half of 2018. During the first half of 2018, we used $12.9 million for a business acquisition. There was no material acquisition in the first half of 2019. We used $67.7 million for purchases of property and equipment for the first half of 2019 compared to $53.4 million for the first half of 2018. Cash used for software development and other investing activities totaled $1.0 million and $2.8 million for the first half of 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Financing activity cash flow
Cash flows provided by financing activities were $505.9 million for the first half of 2019 compared to $360.9 million for the first half of 2018. Our financing activities for the first half of 2019 consisted of net borrowings of $524.1 million compared to net borrowings of $536.7 million for the first half of 2018. The increase in net borrowings for the first half of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018 was the result of the issuance of $1,195 million of new Convertible Notes and Senior Notes to fund the operating cash of our IAD networks, repay revolving credit facility borrowings of $2,253 million and retire the Retired Convertible Notes of $447 million. During the second quarter of 2018, we entered into a short-term credit facility in the amount of $300 million for the sole purpose of providing providing cash for our ATM network which expired on November 30, 2018. During the second quarter of 2019, we repaid $14 million of short-term debt obligations. We repurchased $2.4 million and $176.7 million of our stock during the first half of 2019 and 2018, respectively. During the first half of 2018, we repurchased $175.0 million of our shares and paid $1.7 million for the amount of payroll taxes represented by the common stock withheld on restricted stock vestings and stock option exercises compared to $2.4 million for the same period of 2019. We received proceeds from stock option exercises of $7.0 million and $4.1 million for the first half of 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Other sources of capital
Credit Facility - On October 17, 2018, the Company entered into a $1.0 billion unsecured credit agreement (the "Credit Facility") that expires on October 17, 2023. The Credit Facility allows for borrowings in Australian Dollars, British Pounds Sterling, Canadian Dollars, Czech Koruna, Danish Krone, Euros, Hungarian Forints, Japanese Yen, New Zealand Dollars, Norwegian Krone, Polish Zlotys, Swedish Krona, Swiss Francs, and US Dollars.
As of June 30, 2019, fees and interest on borrowings are based upon the Company's corporate credit rating (as defined in the Credit Facility) and are based, in the case of letter of credit fees, on a margin, and in the case of interest, on a margin over the London InterBank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or a margin over the base rate, as selected by us, with the applicable margin ranging from 1.125% to 2.0% (or 0.175% to 1.0% for base rate loans).
As of June 30, 2019, we had $6.1 million of borrowings and $46.3 million of stand-by letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility. The remaining $947.6 million under the Credit Facility was available for borrowing based upon the borrowing base and financial covenants in our Credit Facility.
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Convertible debt - On March 18, 2019, we completed the sale of $525.0 million in principal amount of Convertible Senior Notes due 2049 (“Convertible Notes”). The Convertible Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of March 18, 2019 (the "Indenture"), by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association , as trustee. The Convertible Notes have an interest rate of 0.75% per annum payable semi-annually in March and September, and are convertible into shares of Euronet Common Stock at a conversion price of approximately $188.73 per share if certain conditions are met (relating to the closing prices of Euronet Common Stock exceeding certain thresholds for specified periods).
The Company may not redeem the Notes prior to September 20, 2022. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Convertible Notes, at its option, (i) on or after September 20, 2022 if the closing sale price of the Company's Common Stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption and (ii) on or after March 20, 2025 and prior to the maturity date, regardless of the foregoing sale price condition, in each case at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Notes.
Additionally, holders have the right to require the Company to repurchase for cash all or part of their Convertible Notes on each of March 15, 2025, March 15, 2029, March 15, 2034, March 15, 2039 and March 15, 2044 at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the relevant repurchase date. In addition, if a fundamental change, as defined in the Indenture, occurs prior to the maturity date, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or part of their Convertible Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.
1.375% Senior Notes due 2026 - On May 22, 2019, the Company completed the sale of €600 million ($669.9 million) aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes that expire on May 2026 (the “Senior Notes”). The Senior Notes accrue interest at a rate of 1.375% per year, payable annually in arrears commencing May 22, 2020, until maturity or earlier redemption. As of June 30, 2019, the Company has outstanding €600 million ($682.1 million) euro-denominated principal amount of the Senior Notes. In addition, the Company may redeem some or all of these notes on or after February 22, 2026 at their principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest.
Other debt obligations - Certain of our subsidiaries also have available credit lines and overdraft facilities to generally supplement short-term working capital requirements. As of June 30, 2019, there was $24.3 million outstanding under these other obligation arrangements.
Other uses of capital
Capital expenditures and needs - Total capital expenditures, including capital lease expenditures, for the first half of 2019 were $72.8 million. These capital expenditures were made primarily for the purchase of ATMs to expand our independent ATM network in Europe and Asia, the purchase and installation of ATMs in key under-penetrated markets, the purchase of POS terminals for the epay and Money Transfer Segments, and office, data center and company store computer equipment and software. Total capital expenditures for 2019 are currently estimated to range from approximately $140 million to $150 million.
At current and projected cash flow levels, we anticipate that cash generated from operations, together with cash on hand and amounts available under our Credit Facility and other existing and potential future financing sources, will be sufficient to meet our debt, leasing and capital expenditure obligations. If our capital resources are not sufficient to meet these obligations, we will seek to refinance our debt and/or issue additional equity under terms acceptable to us. However, we can offer no assurances that we will be able to obtain favorable terms for the refinancing of any of our debt or other obligations or for the issuance of additional equity.
Inflation and functional currencies
Generally, the countries in which we operate have experienced low and stable inflation in recent years. Therefore, the local currency in each of these markets is the functional currency. Currently, we do not believe that inflation will have a significant effect on our results of operations or financial position. We continually review inflation and the functional currency in each of the countries where we operate.
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OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
On occasion, we grant guarantees of the obligations of our subsidiaries and we sometimes enter into agreements with unaffiliated third parties that contain indemnification provisions, the terms of which may vary depending on the negotiated terms of each respective agreement. Our liability under such indemnification provisions may be subject to time and materiality limitations, monetary caps and other conditions and defenses. As of June 30, 2019, there were no material changes from the disclosure in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. To date, we are not aware of any significant claims made by the indemnified parties or parties to whom we have provided guarantees on behalf of our subsidiaries and, accordingly, no liabilities have been recorded as of June 30, 2019. See also Note 12, Commitments, to the unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
As of June 30, 2019, there have been no material changes outside the ordinary course of business in our future contractual obligations from the amounts reported within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, other than those resulting from changes in the amount of debt outstanding discussed in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest rate risk
As of June 30, 2019, our total debt outstanding was $1,142 million. Of this amount, $1,112 million, net of debt discounts, or 97% of our total debt obligations, relates to our Convertible Notes and Senior Notes that each have a fixed coupon rate. The $525 million aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes issued on March 18, 2019, accrue cash interest at a rate of 0.75% of the principal amount per annum. The fair value of the fixed rate Convertible Notes was $519.2 million as of June 30, 2019 based on quoted market prices, compared to a carrying value of $429.6 million. Interest expense for the Convertible Notes, including accretion and amortization of deferred debt issuance costs, has a weighted average interest rate of 4.4%. The €600 million aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes, accrue cash interest at a rate of 1.375% of the principal amount per annum. Based on quoted market prices, as of June 30, 2019, the fair value of our fixed rate Senior Notes was $678.0 million, compared to a carrying value of $682.1 million. The Credit Facility borrowings were $6.1 million, or 1% of our total debt obligations. If we were to maximize the potential borrowings available under the Credit Facility and maintain these borrowings for one year, a 1% (100 basis points) increase in the applicable interest rate would result in additional annual interest expense to the Company of approximately $9.5 million.
The remaining $24.3 million, or 2%, of our total debt obligations as of June 30, 2019, is related to borrowings by certain subsidiaries to fund, from time to time, working capital requirements. These arrangements generally are due within one year and accrue interest at variable rates.
Our excess cash is invested in instruments with original maturities of three months or less or in certificates of deposit that may be withdrawn at any time without penalty; therefore, as investments mature and are reinvested, the amount we earn will increase or decrease with changes in the underlying short-term interest rates.
Foreign currency exchange rate risk
For the first half of 2019, approximately 72% of our revenues were generated in non-U.S. dollar countries and we expect to continue generating a significant portion of our revenues in countries with currencies other than the U.S. dollar.
We are particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in exchange rates of the U.S. dollar to the currencies of countries in which we have significant operations, primarily the euro, British pound, Australian dollar, Polish zloty, Indian rupee, New Zealand dollar, Malaysian ringgit and Hungarian forint. As of June 30, 2019, we estimate that a 10% fluctuation in these foreign currency exchange rates would have the combined annualized effect on reported net income and working capital of approximately $90 million to $95 million. This effect is estimated by applying a 10% adjustment factor to our non-U.S. dollar results from operations, intercompany loans that generate foreign currency exchange gains or losses and working capital balances that require translation from the respective functional currency to the U.S. dollar reporting currency.
Additionally, we have other non-current, non-U.S. dollar assets and liabilities on our balance sheet that are translated to the U.S. dollar during consolidation. These items primarily represent goodwill and intangible assets recorded in connection with acquisitions in countries other than the U.S. We estimate that a 10% fluctuation in foreign currency exchange rates would have a non-cash impact on total comprehensive income of approximately $140 million to $145 million as a result of the change in value of these items during translation to the U.S. dollar. For the fluctuations described above, a strengthening U.S. dollar produces a financial loss, while a weakening U.S. dollar produces a financial gain.
We believe this quantitative measure has inherent limitations and does not take into account any governmental actions or changes in either customer purchasing patterns or our financing or operating strategies. Because a majority of our revenues and expenses is incurred in the functional currencies of our international operating entities, the profits we earn in foreign currencies are positively impacted by a weakening of the U.S. dollar and negatively impacted by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar. Additionally, a significant portion of our debt obligations are in U.S. dollars; therefore, as foreign currency exchange rates fluctuate, the amount available for repayment of debt will also increase or decrease.
We use derivatives to minimize our exposures related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and to facilitate foreign currency risk management services by writing derivatives to customers. Derivatives are used to manage the overall market risk associated with foreign currency exchange rates; however, we do not perform the extensive record-keeping required to account for the derivative transactions as hedges. Due to the relatively short duration of the derivative contracts, we use the derivatives primarily as economic hedges. Since we do not designate foreign currency derivatives as hedging instruments pursuant to the accounting standards, we record gains and losses on foreign exchange derivatives in earnings in the period of change.
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A majority of our consumer-to-consumer money transfer operations involves receiving and disbursing different currencies, in which we earn a foreign currency spread based on the difference between buying currency at wholesale exchange rates and selling the currency to consumers at retail exchange rates. We enter into foreign currency forward and cross-currency swap contracts to minimize exposure related to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The changes in fair value related to these contracts are recorded in Foreign currency exchange (loss) gain, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income. As of June 30, 2019, we had foreign currency derivative contracts outstanding with a notional value of $278 million, primarily in Australian dollars, British pounds, Canadian dollars, euros and Mexican pesos, that were not designated as hedges and mature within a few days.
For derivative instruments our xe operations write for customers, we aggregate the foreign currency exposure arising from customer contracts, and hedge the resulting net currency risks by entering into offsetting contracts with established financial institution counterparties as part of a broader foreign currency portfolio. The changes in fair value related to the total portfolio of positions are recorded in Revenues on the Consolidated Statements of Income. As of June 30, 2019, we held foreign currency derivative contracts outstanding with a notional value of $1.4 billion, primarily in U.S. dollars, euros, British pounds, Australian dollars and New Zealand dollars, that were not designated as hedges and for which the majority mature within the next twelve months.
We use longer-term foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate risks associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates on certain foreign currency denominated other asset and liability positions. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had foreign currency forward contracts outstanding with a notional value of $86 million, primarily in euros.
See Note 8, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Our executive management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act as of June 30, 2019. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the design and operation of these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of such date to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Change in Internal Controls
There have not been any changes in internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended June 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is, from time to time, a party to legal or regulatory proceedings arising in the ordinary course of its business.
The discussion regarding contingencies in Part I, Item 1 — Financial Statements (unaudited), Note 13, Litigation and Contingencies, to the unaudited consolidated financial statements in this report is incorporated herein by reference.
Currently, there are no legal or regulatory proceedings that management believes, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial condition or results of operations. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we record a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These liabilities are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular case or proceeding.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There were no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, as filed with the SEC.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table provides information with respect to shares of the Company's Common Stock that were purchased by the Company during the three months ended June 30, 2019.

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs (in thousands) (1)
April 1 - April 30, 2019 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 320,000 |
May 1 - May 31, 2019 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 320,000 |
June 1 - June 30, 2019 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 320,000 |
Total |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  |

(1) The Board of Directors has authorized a stock repurchase program ("Repurchase Program") allowing Euronet to repurchase up to $375 million in value or 10.0 million shares of stock through March 31, 2020. Euronet has repurchased $175 million of stock under the Repurchase Program. On March 11, 2019, in connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes, the Board of Directors authorized an additional repurchase program of $120 million in value of Euronet’s common stock through March 11, 2021. Repurchases under either program may take place in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, including derivative transactions, and may be made under a Rule 10b5-1 plan.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit |  | Description
4.1 |  | Indenture, dated May 22, 2019, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 22, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.2 |  | Supplemental Indenture, dated May 22, 2019, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 22, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.3 |  | Form of 1.375% Senior Note due 2026 (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.2 above))
31.1* |  | Section 302 — Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31.2* |  | Section 302 — Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32.1** |  | Section 906 — Certification of Chief Executive Officer
32.2** |  | Section 906 — Certification of Chief Financial Officer
101* |  | The following materials from Euronet Worldwide, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited) for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and (vi) Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

_________________________
* Filed herewith.
** Pursuant to Item 601(b)(32) of Regulation S-K, this Exhibit is furnished rather than filed with this Form 10-Q.
PLEASE NOTE: Pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, we have filed or incorporated by reference the agreements referenced above as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The agreements have been filed to provide investors with information regarding their respective terms. The agreements are not intended to provide any other factual information about the Company or its business or operations. In particular, the assertions embodied in any representations, warranties and covenants contained in the agreements may be subject to qualifications with respect to knowledge and materiality different from those applicable to investors and may be qualified by information in disclosure schedules not included with the exhibits. These disclosure schedules may contain information that modifies, qualifies and creates exceptions to the representations, warranties and covenants set forth in the agreements. Moreover, certain representations, warranties and covenants in the agreements may have been used for the purpose of allocating risk between the parties, rather than establishing matters as facts. In addition, information concerning the subject matter of the representations, warranties and covenants may have changed after the date of the respective agreement, which subsequent information may or may not be fully reflected in the Company's public disclosures. Accordingly, investors should not rely on the representations, warranties and covenants in the agreements as characterizations of the actual state of facts about the Company or its business or operations on the date hereof.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
August 8, 2019
Euronet Worldwide, Inc.

By: | /s/ MICHAEL J. BROWN |
| Michael J. Brown |
| Chief Executive Officer |
By: | /s/ RICK L. WELLER |
| Rick L. Weller |
| Chief Financial Officer |

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