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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices | (3) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices Foreign currencies Assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of a subsidiary are remeasured at rates of exchange on the balance sheet date. Resulting gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The majority of our foreign currency exchange gains or losses are due to the remeasurement of intercompany loans which are not considered a long-term investment in nature and are in a currency other than the functional currency of one of the parties to the loan. The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries where the functional currency is not the U.S. dollar are translated to U.S. dollars using (i) exchange rates in effect at period end for assets and liabilities, and (ii) weighted average exchange rates during the period for revenues and expenses. Adjustments resulting from translation of such financial statements are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income as a separate component of consolidated equity. Cash equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments, with an original maturity of three months or less, and certificates of deposit, which may be withdrawn at any time at the discretion of the Company without penalty, to be cash equivalents. ATM cash ATM cash represents cash within the ATM network either included within ATMs, within dedicated accounts, or in-transit to ATMs. Settlement assets and obligations Settlement assets represent funds received or to be received from agents for unsettled money transfers and from merchants for unsettled prepaid transactions. See Note 4, Settlement Assets and Obligations, to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion on settlement assets and obligations. Property and equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment acquired in acquisitions have been recorded at estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. Depreciation is generally calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Depreciation and amortization rates are generally as follows:
ATMs or ATM upgrades | 5 - 7 years
Computers and software | 3 - 5 years
POS terminals | 3 - 5 years
Vehicles and office equipment | 3 - 10 years
Leasehold improvements | Over the lesser of the lease term or estimated useful life
Goodwill and ot her intangible assets Goodwill - The Company accounts for goodwill and other intangible assets in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"). In accordance with the requirements of ASC 350 the Company tests for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter and whenever events or circumstances dictate. Goodwill is allocated among and evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment. ASC 350 provides an entity the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not (more than 50%) that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If an entity elects to perform a qualitative assessment and determines that an impairment is more likely than not, the entity is then required to perform the existing quantitative impairment test (described below), otherwise no further analysis is required. An entity also may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment and, instead, proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test. The Company has a policy for its annual review of goodwill to perform the qualitative assessment for all reporting units not subjected directly to the quantitative impairment test. Under the qualitative assessment, various events and circumstances (or factors) that would affect the estimated fair value of a reporting unit are identified (similar to impairment indicators). These factors are then classified by the type of impact they would have on the estimated fair value using positive, neutral, and adverse categories based on current business conditions. Furthermore, the Company considers the results of the most recent quantitative impairment test completed for a reporting unit and compares, among other factors, the weighted average cost of capital ("WACC") between the current and prior years for each reporting unit. Under the quantitative impairment test, the evaluation of impairment involves comparing the current fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. The Company uses weighted results from the income approach or the discounted cash flow model ("DCF model") and guideline public company method ("Market Approach model") to estimate the current fair value of its reporting units when testing for impairment, as management believes forecasted cash flows and EBITDA are the best indicators of such fair value. A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF model to forecast operating cash flows, including sales volumes, gross margins, tax rates, capital spending, discount rates and working capital changes. Most of these assumptions vary significantly among the reporting units. Significant assumptions in the Market Approach model are projected EBITDA, selected market multiple, and the estimated control premium. If the carrying value of goodwill exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss equal to such excess would be recognized. The DCF Model and Market Approach Model utilize Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy as they include unobservable inputs that require significant management assumptions. Other Intangible Assets - In accordance with ASC 350, intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Unless otherwise noted, amortization is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
Non-compete agreements | 2 - 5 years
Trademarks and trade names | 2 - 20 years
Software | 3 - 10 years
Customer relationships | 6 - 20 years
The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If such events or changes in circumstances are present, a loss is recognized if the carrying value of the asset is in excess of the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. See Note 9, Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets, Net, to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets. Other assets Other assets include capitalized software development costs and capitalized payments for new or renewed contracts. Euronet capitalizes initial payments for new or renewed contracts to the extent recoverable through future operations, contractual minimums and/or penalties in the case of early termination. The Company's accounting policy is to limit the amount of capitalized costs for a given contract to the lesser of the estimated ongoing net future cash flows related to the contract or the termination fees the Company would receive in the event of early termination of the contract by the customer. ASC Topic 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs ("ASC 340") requires the deferral of incremental costs to fulfill customer contracts, known as contract assets, which are then amortized to expense as part of direct operating costs over the respective periods of expected benefit. D eferred contract costs are reported on our balance sheet within current or non-current other assets based on the expected life of the related contract. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had $96.4 million and $143.5 million, respectively, of deferred contract costs. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we had $33.3 million, $17.2 million and $6.9 million of amortization related to these costs, respectively. On a quarterly basis we evaluate the carrying amount of contract assets recognized to determine if there are contracts that may have a carrying amount in excess of the remaining future consideration to be received from the contract. During the fourth quarter of 2021, we identified certain contract assets that had carrying balances greater than the estimated remaining cash flows in the contracts and recorded a corresponding $38.6 million non-cash impairment. The impairment charge is the result of lower-than-expected customer transaction volume related to these specific contracts, stemming primarily from COVID-19 related disruptions. This non-cash impairment charge is included in the Money Transfer Segment. Convertible notes The Company accounts for its convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion in accordance with ASC Topic 470, Debt ("ASC 470"), which requires the proceeds from the issuance of such convertible debt instruments to be allocated between debt and equity components so that debt is discounted to reflect the Company's nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. Further, the Company applies ASC 470-20-35-13, which requires the debt discount to be amortized over the period the convertible debt is expected to be outstanding as additional non-cash interest expense. Income taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. In accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"), the Company's policy is to record estimated interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 14, Income Taxes, to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion regarding these provisions. Presentation of taxes collected and remitted to governmental authorities The Company presents taxes collected and remitted to governmental authorities on a net basis in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Fair value measurements The Company applies the provisions of ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820"), regarding fair value measurements for assets and liabilities. ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires certain disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions apply whenever other accounting pronouncements require or permit fair value measurements. See Note 18, Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements, to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the required fair value disclosures. Accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities The Company accounts for derivative instruments and hedging activities in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC 815"), which requires that all derivative instruments be recognized as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. Primarily in the Money Transfer Segment, the Company enters into foreign currency derivative contracts, mainly forward contracts, to offset foreign currency exposure related to money transfer settlement assets and liabilities in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, derivative contracts written to its customers arising from its cross-currency money transfer services and certain assets and liability positions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. These contracts are considered derivative instruments under the provisions of ASC 815; however, the Company does not designate such instruments as hedges for accounting purposes. Accordingly, changes in the value of these contracts are recognized immediately as a component of foreign currency exchange gain (loss), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Cash flows resulting from derivative instruments are included in operating activities in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company enters into derivative instruments with highly credit-worthy financial institutions and does not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. See Note 12, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of derivative instruments. Share-based compensation The Company follows the provisions of ASC Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"), for equity classified awards, which requires the determination of the fair value of the share-based compensation at the grant date and subsequent recognition of the related expense over the period in which the share-based compensation is earned ("requisite service period"). The amount of future compensation expense related to awards of nonvested shares or nonvested share units ("restricted stock") is based on the market price for Euronet Common Stock at the grant date. The grant date is the date at which all key terms and conditions of the grant have been determined and the Company becomes contingently obligated to transfer equity to the employee who renders the requisite service, generally the date at which grants are approved by the Company's Board of Directors or Compensation Committee thereof. Share-based compensation expense for awards with only service conditions is generally recognized as expense on a "straight-line" basis over the requisite service period. For awards that vest based on achieving periodic performance conditions, expense is recognized on a "graded attribution method." The graded attribution method results in expense recognition on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of an award. The Company has elected to use the "with and without method" when calculating the income tax benefit associated with its share-based payment arrangements. See Note 16, Stock Plans, for further disclosure. Revenue recogni tion The Company recognizes revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenues. A description of the major components of revenue by business segment is as follows: EFT Processing - Revenues in the EFT Processing Segment are primarily derived from transaction and management fees and foreign currency exchange margin from owned and outsourced ATM, POS and card processing networks and from the sale of EFT software solutions for electronic payment and transaction delivery systems, and fees or margin earned from value added services, including dynamic currency conversion and domestic and international surcharge. Transaction-based fees include charges for cash withdrawals, debit or credit card transactions, balance inquiries, transactions not completed because the relevant card issuer does not give authorization and prepaid mobile airtime recharges. Outsourcing services are generally billed on the basis of a fixed monthly fee per ATM, plus a transaction-based fee. Transaction-based fees are recognized at the time the transactions are processed and outsourcing management fees are recognized ratably over the contract period. Certain of the Company's non-cancelable customer contracts provide for the receipt of up-front fees from the customer and/or decreasing or increasing fee schedules over the agreement term for substantially the same level of services to be provided by the Company. The Company recognizes revenue under these contracts based on proportional performance of services over the term of the contract. This generally results in "straight-line" (i.e., consistent value per period) revenue recognition of the contracts' total cash flows, including any up-front payment received from the customer, which is recorded as deferred revenue upon receipt. epay - Revenue generated in the epay Segment is primarily derived from commissions or processing fees associated with distribution and/or processing of prepaid mobile airtime and digital media products. These fees and commissions are received from mobile operators, content vendors or distributors or from retailers. Commissions are recognized as revenue during the period in which the Company provides the service. The portion of the commission that is paid to retailers is generally recorded as a direct operating cost. In selling certain products, the Company is the principle obligor in the arrangements; accordingly, the gross sales value of the products is recorded as revenue and the purchase cost as direct operating cost. Transactions are processed through a network of POS terminals and direct connections to the electronic payment systems of retailers. Transaction processing fees are recognized at the time the transactions are processed. Money Transfer - Revenues for money transfer and other services represent a transaction fee in addition to a margin earned from purchasing currency at wholesale exchange rates and selling the currency to customers at retail exchange rates. Revenues and the associated direct operating cost are recognized at the time the transaction is processed. The Company has origination and distribution agents in place, which each earn a fee for the respective service. These fees are reflected as direct operating costs. Revenues Deferred Revenues - The Company records deferred revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of its performance. The increase in the deferred revenue balance for the year ended December 31, 2021 is primarily driven by $58.2 million of cash payments received in the current year for which the Company has not yet satisfied the performance obligations, partially offset by $54.5 million of revenues recognized that were included in the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2020. Disaggregation of Revenues - The following table presents the Company's revenues disaggregated by segment and region. The Company believes disaggregation by segment and region best depicts how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The disaggregation of revenues by segment and region is based on management's assessment of segment performance together with allocation of financial resources, both capital and operating support costs, on a segment and regional level. Both segments and regions benefit from synergies achieved through concentration of operations and are influenced by macro-economic, regulatory and political factors in the respective segment and region. The Company recognizes foreign exchange revenues from derivative instruments in its xe operations in accordance with ASC Topic 815 and not ASC Topic 606. These revenues are not significant to the Company's consolidated revenues and are included in the following tables.
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
(in thousands) | EFT Processing |  | epay |  | Money Transfer |  | Total
Europe | $ | 420,181 |  |  | $ | 669,297 |  |  | $ | 576,640 |  |  | $ | 1,666,118 |
North America | 63,368 |  |  | 139,759 |  |  | 667,738 |  |  | 870,865 |
Asia Pacific | 107,020 |  |  | 158,122 |  |  | 105,086 |  |  | 370,228 |
Other | 569 |  |  | 44,304 |  |  | 51,493 |  |  | 96,366 |
Eliminations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,134) |
Total | $ | 591,138 |  |  | $ | 1,011,482 |  |  | $ | 1,400,957 |  |  | $ | 2,995,443 |
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
(in thousands) | EFT Processing |  | epay |  | Money Transfer |  | Total
Europe | $ | 313,953 |  |  | $ | 561,514 |  |  | $ | 449,299 |  |  | $ | 1,324,766 |
North America | 56,447 |  |  | 144,613 |  |  | 577,845 |  |  | 778,905 |
Asia Pacific | 98,313 |  |  | 100,917 |  |  | 124,413 |  |  | 323,643 |
Other | 13 |  |  | 28,473 |  |  | 32,292 |  |  | 60,778 |
Eliminations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,392 | )
Total | $ | 468,726 |  |  | $ | 835,517 |  |  | $ | 1,183,849 |  |  | $ | 2,482,700 |
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2019
(in thousands) | EFT Processing |  | epay |  | Money Transfer |  | Total
Europe | $ | 724,163 |  |  | $ | 524,907 |  |  | $ | 373,302 |  |  | $ | 1,622,372 |
North America | 35,461 |  |  | 151,016 |  |  | 573,016 |  |  | 759,493 |
Asia Pacific | 129,060 |  |  | 76,491 |  |  | 124,934 |  |  | 330,485 |
Other | 28 |  |  | 16,915 |  |  | 24,974 |  |  | 41,917 |
Eliminations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,158 | )
Total | $ | 888,712 |  |  | $ | 769,329 |  |  | $ | 1,096,226 |  |  | $ | 2,750,109 |
Recently issued accounting pronouncements In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, "Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity" which simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by eliminating certain accounting models when the conversion features are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in-capital. Under this ASU, certain debt instruments with embedded conversion features will be accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost. Additionally, this ASU eliminates the treasury stock method to calculate diluted earnings per share for convertible instruments. The new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We plan to adopt the new standard during the first quarter of 2022 using the modified retrospective approach and expect to record a $99.7 million decrease to additional paid-in capital, a $56.8 million decrease in debt discounts and a $42.9 million increase in retained earnings.

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