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Earnings per Share - Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jul. 01, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jul. 01, 2017
Amounts Attributable to Kadant:
Net Income	$ 12,349	$ 8,096	$ 23,207	$ 17,047
Basic Weighted Average Shares (in shares)	11,092	11,001	11,067	10,976
Effect of Stock Options, Restricted Stock Units and Employee Stock Purchase Plan Shares (in shares)	308	295	304	274
Diluted Weighted Average Shares (in shares)	11,400	11,296	11,371	11,250
Basic Earnings per Share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.11	$ 0.74	$ 2.10	$ 1.55
Diluted Earnings per Share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.08	$ 0.72	$ 2.04	$ 1.52

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The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

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