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Earnings per Share - Computation (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 28, 2019	Sep. 28, 2019	Jun. 29, 2019	Mar. 30, 2019	Dec. 29, 2018	Sep. 29, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 28, 2019	Dec. 29, 2018	Dec. 30, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	$ 8,749	$ 16,115	$ 16,304	$ 10,900	$ 18,422	$ 18,784	$ 12,349	$ 10,858	$ 52,068	$ 60,413	$ 31,092
Basic Weighted Average Shares									11,235	11,086	10,991
Effect of Stock Options, Restricted Stock Units and Employee Stock Purchase Plan Shares									222	314	321
Diluted Weighted Average Shares									11,457	11,400	11,312
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.77	$ 1.43	$ 1.46	$ 0.98	$ 1.66	$ 1.69	$ 1.11	$ 0.98	$ 4.63	$ 5.45	$ 2.83
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.76	$ 1.41	$ 1.42	$ 0.96	$ 1.61	$ 1.64	$ 1.08	$ 0.96	$ 4.54	$ 5.30	$ 2.75

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