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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Jan. 02, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The components of income before provision for income taxes are as follows:
(In thousands)January 2, 2021December 28, 2019December 29, 2018
Domestic$14,132 $93 $(397)
Foreign59,555 68,829 79,925 
 $73,687 $68,922 $79,528 
The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:
(In thousands)January 2, 2021December 28, 2019December 29, 2018
Current Provision (Benefit):
Federal$339 $(264)$724 
Foreign16,800 18,778 21,829 
State667 335 169 
 17,806 18,849 22,722 
Deferred Provision (Benefit):   
Federal2,146 (453)(2,551)
Foreign(2,361)(1,253)(1,761)
State357 (785)72 
 142 (2,491)(4,240)
 $17,948 $16,358 $18,482 

The Company receives a tax deduction upon the exercise of nonqualified stock options and the vesting of RSUs. The Company recognizes excess income tax benefits and tax deficiencies related to stock-based compensation arrangements as discrete items within the provision for income taxes in the reporting period in which they occur. The Company recognized an income tax benefit of $870,000 in 2020, $3,807,000 in 2019 and $1,097,000 in 2018 in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.
The provision for income taxes in the accompanying statement of income differs from the provision calculated by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before provision for income taxes due to the following:
(In thousands)January 2, 2021December 28, 2019December 29, 2018
Provision for Income Taxes at Statutory Rate$15,474 $14,474 $16,701 
Increases (Decreases) Resulting From:   
State income taxes, net of federal tax807 (355)164 
U.S. tax cost of foreign earnings599 146 1,215 
Foreign tax rate differential1,891 2,584 3,158 
Reversal of tax benefit reserves, net(730)(286)(1,785)
Change in valuation allowance(469)81 141 
Nondeductible expenses2,214 2,454 781 
Research and development tax credits(465)(381)(445)
Excess tax benefit related to stock-based compensation(758)(3,352)(967)
Impact of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act— — (106)
Other(615)993 (375)
 $17,948 $16,358 $18,482 
Net deferred tax liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet consists of the following:
(In thousands)January 2, 2021December 28, 2019
Deferred Tax Asset:
Foreign, state, and alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards$472 $776 
Reserves and accruals3,565 3,007 
Net operating loss carryforwards13,719 12,478 
Inventory basis difference4,576 4,107 
Capitalized research expenses2,668 2,813 
Employee compensation3,189 3,630 
Allowance for credit losses397 351 
Lease liabilities6,855 7,543 
Other213 543 
Deferred tax asset, gross35,654 35,248 
Less: valuation allowance(9,609)(8,531)
Deferred tax asset, net26,045 26,717 
Deferred Tax Liability:  
Goodwill and intangible assets(30,166)(30,003)
Fixed asset basis difference(4,964)(4,557)
Provision for unremitted foreign earnings(1,233)(809)
ROU assets(5,812)(6,433)
Other(1,574)(943)
Deferred tax liability(43,749)(42,745)
Net deferred tax liability$(17,704)$(16,028)

The deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet within other assets and long-term deferred income taxes on a net basis by tax jurisdiction. The Company has established valuation allowances related to certain domestic and foreign deferred tax assets on deductible temporary differences, tax losses, and tax credit carryforwards. The valuation allowance at year-end 2020 was $9,609,000, consisting of $255,000 in the United States and $9,354,000 in foreign jurisdictions. The increase in the valuation allowance in 2020 of $1,078,000 related primarily to tax rate changes and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, partially offset by the expected utilization of net operating losses in one of the Company's foreign jurisdictions. Compliance with ASC 740 requires the Company to periodically evaluate the necessity of establishing or adjusting a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets depending on whether it is more likely than not that a related tax benefit will be realized in future periods. When assessing the need for a valuation allowance in a tax jurisdiction, the Company evaluates the weight of all available evidence to determine whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As part of this evaluation, the Company considers its cumulative three-year history of earnings before income taxes, taxable income in prior carryback years, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, prudent and feasible tax planning strategies, and expected future results of operations. As of year-end 2020, the Company continued to maintain a valuation allowance in the United States against a portion of its state net operating loss carryforwards due to the uncertainty of future profitability in state jurisdictions. As of year-end 2020, the Company maintained valuation allowances in certain foreign jurisdictions because of the uncertainty of future profitability within those foreign jurisdictions.
At year-end 2020, the Company had U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $2,811,000 and $32,974,000, respectively, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $47,568,000. Of the U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards, $72,000 expires in 2036 and the remainder do not expire. The state net operating loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2021 and a portion does not expire. Of the foreign net operating loss carryforwards, $777,000 will expire in the years 2022 through 2028, and the remainder do not expire. As of year-end 2020, the Company also had U.S. federal and state disallowed business interest expense carryforwards of $796,000 and $319,000, respectively, of which $796,000 and $238,000, respectively, came from its acquisition of SMH in 2019 and foreign tax credits of $320,000, of which $120,000 came from the acquisition of SMH. The disallowed business interest expense carryforward does not expire, and the foreign tax credit carryforward begins to expire in 2024. The utilization of these tax attributes is limited to the Company’s future taxable income, and certain of these tax attributes are subject to an annual limitation as a result of the acquisition of SMH, which constitutes a change of ownership as defined under Internal Revenue Code Section 382.
At year-end 2020, the Company had approximately $293,676,000 of unremitted foreign earnings. During 2020, the Company repatriated $1,682,000 of previously taxed foreign earnings to the United States and recognized a foreign exchange
loss of $377,000 associated with these earnings. The Company intends to repatriate the distributable reserves of select foreign subsidiaries back to the United States and has recognized $657,000 of net tax expense on the estimated repatriation amount during 2020. Except for these select foreign subsidiaries, the Company intends to indefinitely reinvest $271,572,000 of these earnings of its international subsidiaries in order to support the current and future capital needs of their operations in the foreign jurisdictions, including the repayment of the Company’s foreign debt. The related foreign withholding taxes, which would be required if the Company were to remit these foreign earnings to the United States, would be approximately $6,006,000.
The Company operates within multiple tax jurisdictions and could be subject to audit in those jurisdictions. Such audits can involve complex income tax issues, which may require an extended period of time to resolve and may cover multiple years. In management's opinion, adequate provisions for income taxes have been made for all years subject to audit.
As of year-end 2020, the Company had a liability of $8,337,000 for unrecognized tax benefits which, if recognized, would reduce the effective tax rate. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits at year-end 2020 and year-end 2019 is as follows:
(In thousands)January 2, 2021December 28, 2019
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Beginning of Year$8,331 $12,364 
Gross Increases—Tax Positions in Prior Periods4 615 
Gross Decreases—Tax Positions in Prior Periods(21)(4,373)
Gross Increases—Current-period Tax Positions1,468 804 
Lapses of Statutes of Limitations(1,488)(1,094)
Currency Translation43 15 
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, End of Year$8,337 $8,331 

A portion of the unrecognized tax benefits generated in 2020 is offset by deferred tax assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. The Company has accrued $1,600,000 at year-end 2020 and $1,717,000 at year-end 2019 for the potential payment of interest and penalties. The interest and penalties included in the accompanying consolidated statement of income was a benefit of $145,000 in 2020 and an expense of $420,000 in 2019.
The Company is currently under audit in certain tax jurisdictions, including an income tax examination by the Internal Revenue Service for the tax years 2017 and 2018. It is reasonably possible that the potential outcome of current audits could result in a change to the Company's liability for unrecognized tax benefits over the next fiscal year; however, the Company cannot reasonably estimate possible adjustments at this time. It is also reasonably possible that over the next fiscal year the amount of liability for unrecognized tax benefits may be reduced by up to $290,000 primarily from the expiration of tax statutes of limitations.
The Company remains subject to U.S. Federal income tax examinations for the tax years 2019 and 2020, and to non-U.S. income tax examinations for the tax years 2008 through 2020. In addition, the Company remains subject to state and local income tax examinations in the United States for the tax years 2003 through 2020.