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Acquisitions - Pro Forma Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Jan. 02, 2021	Sep. 26, 2020	Jun. 27, 2020	Mar. 28, 2020	Dec. 28, 2019	Sep. 28, 2019	Jun. 29, 2019	Mar. 30, 2019	Jan. 02, 2021	Dec. 28, 2019	Dec. 29, 2018
Earnings per Share Attributable to Kadant:
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	$ 16,207	$ 14,851	$ 11,607	$ 12,531	$ 8,749	$ 16,115	$ 16,304	$ 10,900	$ 55,196	$ 52,068	$ 60,413
Syntron Material Handling Group, LLC
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information, Nonrecurring Adjustment [Line Items]
Revenues										704,644	719,142
Net Income Attributable to Kadant										$ 56,409	$ 56,511
Earnings per Share Attributable to Kadant:
Basic (in dollars per share)										$ 5.02	$ 5.10
Diluted (in dollars per share)										$ 4.92	$ 4.96
Syntron Material Handling Group, LLC | Acquisition-related transaction costs
Earnings per Share Attributable to Kadant:
Net Income Attributable to Kadant										$ 843	$ (843)
Syntron Material Handling Group, LLC | Inventory revalued
Earnings per Share Attributable to Kadant:
Net Income Attributable to Kadant										3,549	(3,549)
Syntron Material Handling Group, LLC | Intangible amortization related to acquired backlog
Earnings per Share Attributable to Kadant:
Net Income Attributable to Kadant										$ 1,323	$ (1,323)

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