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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 30, 2024
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to _________
Commission file number 001-11406
KADANT INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 52-1762325
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

One Technology Park Drive
Westford, Massachusetts 01886
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(978) 776-2000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value |  | KAI |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of April 26, 2024, the registrant had 11,742,946 shares of common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents
Kadant Inc.
Report on Form 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 30, 2024
Table of Contents

|  | Page
PART I: Financial Information
Item 1. | Financial Statements (unaudited) |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 30, 202 4 and December 3 0, 202 3 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the three-month periods ended March 30, 202 4 and April 1, 202 3 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the three-month periods ended March 30, 202 4 and April 1, 202 3 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three-month periods ended March 30, 202 4 and April 1, 202 3 | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity for the three-month periods ended March 30, 202 4 and April 1, 202 3 | 7
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 30
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 31
PART II: Other Information
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 31
Item 5. | Other Information | 31
Item 6. | Exhibits | 32

Table of Contents
PART 1 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1 – Financial Statements
KADANT INC.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
(Unaudited)

|  | March 30, 2024 |  | December 30, 2023
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts) |  |
Assets |  |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 81,440 |  |  | $ | 103,832 |
Restricted cash |  | 1,178 |  |  | 2,621 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $4,419 and $4,090 |  | 149,586 |  |  | 133,929 |
Inventories |  | 171,958 |  |  | 152,677 |
Contract assets |  | 10,673 |  |  | 8,366 |
Other current assets |  | 39,914 |  |  | 38,757 |
Total Current Assets |  | 454,749 |  |  | 440,182 |
Property, Plant, and Equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of 135,032 and $132,846 |  | 170,834 |  |  | 140,504 |
Other Assets |  | 50,095 |  |  | 43,609 |
Intangible Assets, Net (Notes 1 and 2) |  | 273,831 |  |  | 159,286 |
Goodwill (Notes 1 and 2) |  | 459,917 |  |  | 392,084 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 1,409,426 |  |  | $ | 1,175,665 |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |  |
Current maturities of long-term obligations (Note 6) |  | $ | 3,243 |  |  | $ | 3,209 |
Accounts payable |  | 55,587 |  |  | 42,104 |
Accrued payroll and employee benefits |  | 35,628 |  |  | 41,855 |
Customer deposits |  | 65,536 |  |  | 62,641 |
Advanced billings |  | 10,720 |  |  | 12,194 |
Other current liabilities |  | 51,337 |  |  | 52,406 |
Total Current Liabilities |  | 222,051 |  |  | 214,409 |
Long-Term Obligations (Note 6) |  | 306,773 |  |  | 107,666 |
Long-Term Deferred Income Taxes |  | 40,972 |  |  | 36,398 |
Other Long-Term Liabilities |  | 44,862 |  |  | 40,952 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 1 2) |  |  |  |
Stockholders' Equity: |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $.01 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized; 14,624,159 shares issued |  | 146 |  |  | 146 |
Capital in excess of par value |  | 122,253 |  |  | 124,940 |
Retained earnings |  | 784,062 |  |  | 763,131 |
Treasury stock at cost, 2,881,213 and 2,915,978 shares |  | (70,601) |  |  | (71,453) |
Accumulated other comprehensive items (Note 8) |  | (53,173) |  |  | (43,062) |
Total Kadant Stockholders' Equity |  | 782,687 |  |  | 773,702 |
Noncontrolling interests (Note 2) |  | 12,081 |  |  | 2,538 |
Total Stockholders' Equity |  | 794,768 |  |  | 776,240 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  | $ | 1,409,426 |  |  | $ | 1,175,665 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
KADANT INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  |  |
(In thousands, except per share amounts) |  |  |  |
Revenue (Notes 1 and 1 1) |  | $ | 248,975 |  |  | $ | 229,758 |  |  |  |  |
Costs and Operating Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue |  | 138,013 |  |  | 127,712 |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  | 70,305 |  |  | 58,562 |  |  |  |  |
Research and development expenses |  | 3,730 |  |  | 3,370 |  |  |  |  |
|  | 212,048 |  |  | 189,644 |  |  |  |  |
Operating Income |  | 36,927 |  |  | 40,114 |  |  |  |  |
Interest Income |  | 611 |  |  | 299 |  |  |  |  |
Interest Expense |  | (4,669) |  |  | (2,370) |  |  |  |  |
Other Expense, Net |  | (30) |  |  | (21) |  |  |  |  |
Income Before Provision for Income Taxes |  | 32,839 |  |  | 38,022 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for Income Taxes (Note 5) |  | 7,854 |  |  | 9,763 |  |  |  |  |
Net Income |  | 24,985 |  |  | 28,259 |  |  |  |  |
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |  | (296) |  |  | (184) |  |  |  |  |
Net Income Attributable to Kadant |  | $ | 24,689 |  |  | $ | 28,075 |  |  |  |  |
Earnings per Share Attributable to Kadant (Note 4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 2.11 |  |  | $ | 2.40 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted |  | $ | 2.10 |  |  | $ | 2.40 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted Average Shares (Note 4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | 11,724 |  |  | 11,681 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted |  | 11,744 |  |  | 11,694 |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

Table of Contents
KADANT INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |
Net Income |  | $ | 24,985 |  |  | $ | 28,259 |  |  |  |  |
Other Comprehensive Items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | (10,222) |  |  | 5,573 |  |  |  |  |
Post-retirement liability adjustments, net (net of tax of $— and $(2)) |  | 1 |  |  | (6) |  |  |  |  |
Deferred gain (loss) on cash flow hedges (net of tax of $13 and $(14)) |  | 38 |  |  | (39) |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive items |  | (10,183) |  |  | 5,528 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive Income |  | 14,802 |  |  | 33,787 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |  | (224) |  |  | (219) |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Kadant |  | $ | 14,578 |  |  | $ | 33,568 |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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KADANT INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended
|  | March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023
(In thousands) |  |
Operating Activities |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Kadant |  | $ | 24,689 |  |  | $ | 28,075 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | 296 |  |  | 184 |
Net income |  | 24,985 |  |  | 28,259 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 11,739 |  |  | 8,446 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | 2,415 |  |  | 2,238 |
Provision for losses on accounts receivable |  | 413 |  |  | 13 |
Other items, net |  | 803 |  |  | 829 |
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions: |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | (7,956) |  |  | 517 |
Contract assets |  | (2,425) |  |  | 2,637 |
Inventories |  | (6,721) |  |  | (13,997) |
Other assets |  | 609 |  |  | 1,293 |
Accounts payable |  | 15,036 |  |  | 77 |
Customer deposits |  | (778) |  |  | 11,114 |
Other liabilities |  | (15,289) |  |  | (4,560) |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 22,831 |  |  | 36,866 |
Investing Activities |  |  |  |
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (Note 2) |  | (232,261) |  |  | — |
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment |  | (6,271) |  |  | (4,469) |
Proceeds from sale of property, plant, and equipment |  | 1,269 |  |  | 32 |
Other investing activities |  | — |  |  | (30) |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (237,263) |  |  | (4,467) |
Financing Activities |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of long-term obligations (Note 6) |  | 234,000 |  |  | — |
Repayment of short- and long-term obligations |  | (33,450) |  |  | (20,761) |
Tax withholding payments related to stock-based compensation |  | (5,855) |  |  | (3,897) |
Dividends paid |  | (3,395) |  |  | (3,036) |
Proceeds from issuance of Company common stock |  | 1,605 |  |  | — |
Other financing activities |  | — |  |  | (63) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | 192,905 |  |  | (27,757) |
Exchange Rate Effect on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash |  | (2,308) |  |  | 1,140 |
(Decrease) Increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash |  | (23,835) |  |  | 5,782 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period |  | 106,453 |  |  | 79,725 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Period |  | $ | 82,618 |  |  | $ | 85,507 |

See Note 1, Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,
under the heading Supplemental Cash Flow Information for further details.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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KADANT INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended March 30, 2024
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts) |  | Common Stock |  | Capital in Excess of Par Value |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Stock |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |
Balance at December 30, 2023 |  | 14,624,159 |  |  | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 124,940 |  |  | $ | 763,131 |  |  | 2,915,978 |  |  | $ | (71,453) |  |  | $ | (43,062) |  |  | $ | 2,538 |  |  | $ | 776,240 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,689 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 296 |  |  | 24,985 |
Dividend declared – Common Stock, $0.32 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,758) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,758) |
Activity under stock plans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,687) |  |  | — |  |  | (34,765) |  |  | 852 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,835) |
Noncontrolling interests acquired (Note 2) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,319 |  |  | 9,319 |
Other comprehensive items |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,111) |  |  | (72) |  |  | (10,183) |
Balance at March 30, 2024 |  | 14,624,159 |  |  | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 122,253 |  |  | $ | 784,062 |  |  | 2,881,213 |  |  | $ | (70,601) |  |  | $ | (53,173) |  |  | $ | 12,081 |  |  | $ | 794,768 |

|  | Three Months Ended April 1, 2023
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts) |  | Common Stock |  | Capital in Excess of Par Value |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Stock |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items |  | Noncontrolling Interest |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | 14,624,159 |  |  | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 119,924 |  |  | $ | 660,644 |  |  | 2,949,997 |  |  | $ | (72,287) |  |  | $ | (54,578) |  |  | $ | 1,722 |  |  | $ | 655,571 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,075 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 184 |  |  | 28,259 |
Dividend declared – Common Stock, $0.29 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,394) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,394) |
Activity under stock plans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,377) |  |  | — |  |  | (29,319) |  |  | 718 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,659) |
Other comprehensive items |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,493 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 5,528 |
Balance at April 1, 2023 |  | 14,624,159 |  |  | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 117,547 |  |  | $ | 685,325 |  |  | 2,920,678 |  |  | $ | (71,569) |  |  | $ | (49,085) |  |  | $ | 1,941 |  |  | $ | 684,305 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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KADANT INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1. Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations
Kadant Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in November 1991 and trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "KAI."
Kadant Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the Company) is a global supplier of technologies and engineered systems that drive Sustainable Industrial Processing. Its products and services play an integral role in enhancing efficiency, optimizing energy utilization, and maximizing productivity in process industries while helping customers advance their sustainability initiatives with products that reduce waste or generate more yield with fewer inputs, particularly fiber, energy, and water. Producing more while consuming less is a core aspect of Sustainable Industrial Processing and a major element of the strategic focus of the Company's three reportable operating segments: Flow Control, Industrial Processing, and Material Handling.
Interim Financial Statements
The interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes presented have been prepared by the Company, are unaudited, and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair statement of the Company's financial position at March 30, 2024, its results of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows, and stockholders' equity for the three-month periods ended March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year or for any other interim period.
The condensed consolidated balance sheet presented as of December 30, 2023 has been derived from the consolidated financial statements contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023 (Annual Report). The condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes are presented as permitted by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for Form 10-Q and do not contain certain information included in the annual consolidated financial statements and related notes of the Company. The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes included herein should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Annual Report.
Use of Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Although the Company makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of its condensed consolidated financial statements or in the application of accounting policies, if business conditions were different, or if the Company were to use different estimates and assumptions, it is possible that materially different amounts could be reported in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.
Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report describes the significant accounting estimates and policies used in preparation of the consolidated financial statements. There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies during the quarter ended March 30, 2024.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information

|  | Three Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023
Cash Paid for Interest |  | $ | 4,484 |  |  | $ | 2,161 |
Cash Paid for Income Taxes, Net of Refunds |  | $ | 7,313 |  |  | $ | 9,558 |
Non-Cash Investing Activities: |  |  |  |
Fair value of assets acquired |  | $ | 266,061 |  |  | $ | — |
Cash paid for businesses acquired |  | (238,306) |  |  | — |
Liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interests acquired |  | $ | 27,755 |  |  | $ | — |
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment in accounts payable |  | $ | 1,342 |  |  | $ | 299 |

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KADANT INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023
Non-Cash Financing Activities: |  |  |  |
Issuance of Company common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units |  | $ | 4,703 |  |  | $ | 4,246 |
Dividends declared but unpaid |  | $ | 3,758 |  |  | $ | 3,394 |

Restricted Cash
The Company's restricted cash generally serves as collateral for bank guarantees associated with providing assurance to customers that the Company will fulfill certain customer obligations entered into in the normal course of business and for certain banker's acceptance drafts issued to vendors. The majority of these restrictions will expire over the next twelve months.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet that are shown in aggregate in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of cash flows:

(In thousands) |  | March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023 |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 81,440 |  |  | $ | 81,183 |  |  | $ | 103,832 |  |  | $ | 76,371 |
Restricted cash |  | 1,178 |  |  | 4,324 |  |  | 2,621 |  |  | 3,354 |
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash |  | $ | 82,618 |  |  | $ | 85,507 |  |  | $ | 106,453 |  |  | $ | 79,725 |

Inventories
The components of inventories are as follows:

|  | March 30, 2024 |  | December 30, 2023
(In thousands) |  |
Raw Materials |  | $ | 70,695 |  |  | $ | 66,738 |
Work in Process |  | 41,180 |  |  | 32,147 |
Finished Goods (includes $3,581 and $5,182 at customer locations) |  | 60,083 |  |  | 53,792 |
|  | $ | 171,958 |  |  | $ | 152,677 |

Intangible Assets, Net
Acquired intangible assets by major asset class are as follows:

(In thousands) |  | Gross |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Currency Translation |  | Net
March 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Definite-Lived |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 318,271 |  |  | $ | (113,072) |  |  | $ | (6,733) |  |  | $ | 198,466 |
Product technology |  | 82,276 |  |  | (45,051) |  |  | (2,632) |  |  | 34,593 |
Tradenames |  | 14,489 |  |  | (4,441) |  |  | (419) |  |  | 9,629 |
Other |  | 22,020 |  |  | (18,589) |  |  | (616) |  |  | 2,815 |
|  | 437,056 |  |  | (181,153) |  |  | (10,400) |  |  | 245,503 |
Indefinite-Lived |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tradenames |  | 29,059 |  |  | — |  |  | (731) |  |  | 28,328 |
Acquired Intangible Assets |  | $ | 466,115 |  |  | $ | (181,153) |  |  | $ | (11,131) |  |  | $ | 273,831 |

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KADANT INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

(In thousands) |  | Gross |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Currency Translation |  | Net
December 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Definite-Lived |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 218,959 |  |  | $ | (108,519) |  |  | $ | (5,562) |  |  | $ | 104,878 |
Product technology |  | 67,576 |  |  | (43,786) |  |  | (2,367) |  |  | 21,423 |
Tradenames |  | 7,039 |  |  | (4,262) |  |  | (388) |  |  | 2,389 |
Other |  | 20,320 |  |  | (17,715) |  |  | (604) |  |  | 2,001 |
|  | 313,894 |  |  | (174,282) |  |  | (8,921) |  |  | 130,691 |
Indefinite-Lived |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tradenames |  | 29,059 |  |  | — |  |  | (464) |  |  | 28,595 |
Acquired Intangible Assets |  | $ | 342,953 |  |  | $ | (174,282) |  |  | $ | (9,385) |  |  | $ | 159,286 |

Intangible assets are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. Subsequent impairment charges are reflected as a reduction in the gross balance, as applicable. Definite-lived intangible assets are stated net of accumulated amortization and currency translation in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company amortizes definite-lived intangible assets over lives that have been determined based on the anticipated cash flow benefits of the intangible asset. Intangible assets associated with the Company's 2024 acquisitions totaled $123,150,000, which primarily related to customer relationships and product technology. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for further details.
Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment are as follows:

(In thousands) |  | Flow Control |  | Industrial Processing |  | Material Handling |  | Total
Balance at December 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross balance |  | $ | 120,782 |  |  | $ | 212,732 |  |  | $ | 144,108 |  |  | $ | 477,622 |
Accumulated impairment losses |  | — |  |  | (85,538) |  |  | — |  |  | (85,538) |
Net balance |  | 120,782 |  |  | 127,194 |  |  | 144,108 |  |  | 392,084 |
2024 Activity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisitions (Note 2) |  | — |  |  | 34,058 |  |  | 38,468 |  |  | 72,526 |
Fair value adjustment |  | — |  |  | (22) |  |  | — |  |  | (22) |
Currency translation |  | (1,792) |  |  | (1,911) |  |  | (968) |  |  | (4,671) |
Total 2024 activity |  | (1,792) |  |  | 32,125 |  |  | 37,500 |  |  | 67,833 |
Balance at March 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross balance |  | 118,990 |  |  | 244,857 |  |  | 181,608 |  |  | 545,455 |
Accumulated impairment losses |  | — |  |  | (85,538) |  |  | — |  |  | (85,538) |
Net balance |  | $ | 118,990 |  |  | $ | 159,319 |  |  | $ | 181,608 |  |  | $ | 459,917 |

Warranty Obligations
The Company's contracts covering the sale of its products include warranty provisions that provide assurance to its customers that the products will comply with agreed-upon specifications during a defined period of time. The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time of sale based on historical occurrence rates and repair costs, as well as knowledge of any specific warranty problems that indicate projected warranty costs may vary from historical patterns. The Company negotiates the terms regarding warranty coverage and length of warranty depending on the products and applications.
The Company's liability for warranties is included in other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. The changes in the carrying amount of product warranty obligations are as follows:
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KADANT INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023
Balance at Beginning of Year |  | $ | 8,154 |  |  | $ | 7,283 |
Provision charged to expense |  | 1,069 |  |  | 1,425 |
Usage |  | (724) |  |  | (1,068) |
Acquisitions |  | 475 |  |  | — |
Currency translation |  | (150) |  |  | 87 |
Balance at End of Period |  | $ | 8,824 |  |  | $ | 7,727 |

Revenue Recognition
Most of the Company’s revenue relates to products and services that require minimal customization and is recognized at a point in time for each performance obligation under the contract when the customer obtains control of the goods or service. The remaining portion of the Company’s revenue is recognized over time based on an input method that compares the costs incurred to date to the total expected costs required to satisfy the performance obligation. Contracts are accounted for on an over time basis when they include products which have no alternative use and an enforceable right to payment over time. Most of the contracts recognized on an over time basis are for large capital equipment projects. These projects are highly customized for the customer and, as a result, would include a significant cost to rework in the event of cancellation.
The following table presents revenue by revenue recognition method:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | March 30, |  | April 1, |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Point in Time |  | $ | 216,493 |  |  | $ | 204,239 |  |  |  |  |
Over Time |  | 32,482 |  |  | 25,519 |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | 248,975 |  |  | $ | 229,758 |  |  |  |  |

The Company disaggregates its revenue from contracts with customers by reportable operating segment, product type and geography as this best depicts how its revenue is affected by economic factors.
The following table presents the disaggregation of revenue by product type and geography:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | March 30, |  | April 1, |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Revenue by Product Type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Parts and consumables |  | $ | 171,130 |  |  | $ | 151,563 |  |  |  |  |
Capital |  | 77,845 |  |  | 78,195 |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | 248,975 |  |  | $ | 229,758 |  |  |  |  |
Revenue by Geography (based on customer location): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America |  | $ | 156,491 |  |  | $ | 132,453 |  |  |  |  |
Europe |  | 55,787 |  |  | 54,157 |  |  |  |  |
Asia |  | 22,554 |  |  | 27,770 |  |  |  |  |
Rest of world |  | 14,143 |  |  | 15,378 |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | 248,975 |  |  | $ | 229,758 |  |  |  |  |

See Note 1 1, Business Segment Information, for information on the disaggregation of revenue by reportable operating segment.
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KADANT INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table presents contract balances from contracts with customers:

|  | March 30, 2024 |  | December 30, 2023
(In thousands) |  |
Contract Assets |  | $ | 10,673 |  |  | $ | 8,366 |
Contract Liabilities |  | $ | 78,856 |  |  | $ | 79,397 |

Contract assets represent unbilled revenue associated with revenue recognized on contracts accounted for on an over time basis, which will be billed in future periods based on the contract terms. Contract liabilities consist of short- and long-term customer deposits, advanced billings, and deferred revenue. Deferred revenue is included in other current liabilities, and long-term customer deposits are included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. Contract liabilities will be recognized as revenue in future periods once the revenue recognition criteria are met. The majority of the contract liabilities relate to advance payments on contracts accounted for at a point in time. These advance payments will be recognized as revenue when the Company's performance obligations have been satisfied, which typically occurs when the product has shipped and control of the asset has transferred to the customer.
The Company recognized revenue of $33,666,000 in the first quarter of 2024 and $27,016,000 in the first quarter of 2023 that was included in the contract liabilities balance at the beginning of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The majority of the Company's contracts for capital equipment have an original expected duration of one year or less. Certain capital equipment contracts require longer lead times and could take up to 24 months to complete. For contracts with an original expected duration of over one year, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations was $37,026,000 as of March 30, 2024. The Company will recognize revenue for these performance obligations as they are satisfied, approximately 88% of which is expected to occur within the next twelve months and the remaining 12% thereafter.
Banker's Acceptance Drafts Included in Accounts Receivable
The Company's Chinese subsidiaries may receive banker's acceptance drafts from customers as payment for their trade accounts receivable. The drafts are non-interest bearing obligations of the issuing bank and generally mature within six months of the origination date. The Company's Chinese subsidiaries may sell the drafts at a discount to a third-party financial institution or transfer the drafts to vendors in settlement of current accounts payable prior to the scheduled maturity date. These drafts, which totaled $6,723,000 at March 30, 2024 and $10,826,000 at December 30, 2023, are included in accounts receivable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet until the subsidiary sells the drafts to a bank and receives a discounted amount, transfers the banker's acceptance drafts in settlement of current accounts payable prior to maturity, or obtains cash payment on the scheduled maturity date.
Income Taxes
In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740), the Company recognizes deferred income taxes based on the expected future tax consequences of differences between the financial statement basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, calculated using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which these differences are expected to reverse. A tax valuation allowance is established, as needed, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. In the period in which it becomes more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized, the valuation allowance will be adjusted.
It is the Company's policy to provide for uncertain tax positions and the related interest and penalties based upon management's assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. At March 30, 2024, the Company believes that it has appropriately accounted for any liability for unrecognized tax benefits. To the extent the Company prevails in matters for which a liability for an unrecognized tax benefit is established, the statute of limitations expires for a tax jurisdiction year, or the Company is required to pay amounts in excess of the liability, its effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be affected.
In December 2021, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) released model rules introducing a new 15% global minimum tax for large multinational enterprises with an annual global revenue exceeding 750,000,000 euros (Pillar Two Rules). Since the release of the Pillar Two Rules, the OECD has issued three tranches of administrative guidance, as well as guidance on transitional safe harbor relief. Various countries, including the member states of the European Union, have adopted the Pillar Two Rules into their domestic laws, with certain rules coming into effect for fiscal years beginning in 2024. Some countries are in the process of drafting legislation for adoption in future years. While the Pillar
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KADANT INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Two Rules serve as a framework for implementing the minimum tax, countries may enact domestic laws that vary slightly from the Pillar Two Rules and may also adjust domestic tax incentives to align with the Pillar Two Rules on different timelines. The Company is monitoring developments of the Pillar Two Rules and is evaluating the potential impact they may have on the jurisdictions in which it operates.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
Business Combinations - Joint Venture Formations (Topic 805), Recognition and Initiation Measurement. In August 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2023-05, to address the diversity in practice on the accounting treatment of joint venture formations. Under this ASU, a joint venture is required to apply a new basis of accounting at its formation date by valuing the net assets contributed at fair value for both business and asset transactions. The value of the net assets in total is then allocated to individual assets and liabilities by applying Topic 805 with certain exceptions. This new guidance is effective for joint ventures with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025 and is required to be applied prospectively. Additionally, joint ventures with a formation date prior to January 1, 2025, have an option to elect to apply the guidance retrospectively, provided adequate information is available. The impact of the adoption of this ASU on the Company's consolidated financial statements will be dependent upon joint ventures formed in future periods.
Segment Reporting - Improving Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant expenses. Under this ASU, a company is required to enhance its segment disclosures to include significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM), a description of other segment items by reportable segment, and any additional measures of a segment's profit or loss used by the CODM when deciding how to allocate resources. This ASU also requires all annual disclosures currently required by Topic 280 to be included in interim periods. This ASU is effective for the Company's fiscal year ending December 28, 2024, and interim periods beginning in fiscal 2025, with early adoption permitted, and requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the effects that the adoption of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.
Income Taxes - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, to improve income tax disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures related to the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. This ASU is effective for fiscal 2025, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the effects that the adoption of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.
2. Acquisitions
The Company’s acquisitions have been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and the results of the acquired businesses are included in its condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Historically, acquisitions have been made at prices above the fair value of identifiable net assets, resulting in goodwill. Acquisition costs were $1,124,000 in the first quarter of 2024 and are included in selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of income. The Company expects several synergies in connection with the acquisitions described below, including expansion of product sales into new markets by leveraging its global sales network and relationships, broadening its product portfolio, and strengthening its position in the wood processing and material handling markets. The Company funded the acquisitions primarily through borrowings under its revolving credit facility.
Key Knife, Inc.
On January 1, 2024, the Company acquired Key Knife Inc. and certain of its affiliates (collectively, Key Knife) pursuant to a securities purchase agreement dated December 22, 2023, for $153,386,000, net of cash acquired. The Company paid $156,925,000 at closing and $2,372,000 as a post-closing adjustment in the second quarter of 2024. Key Knife is a global supplier of engineered knife systems for custom chipping, planing, and flaking solutions for wood products industries, with revenue of approximately $65,000,000 for the twelve months ended September 30, 2023, and is part of the Company's Industrial Processing segment. Goodwill from the Key Knife acquisition was $34,058,000, of which $27,682,000 is expected to be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years. In addition, intangible assets acquired were $94,550,000, of which $79,600,000 is expected to be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years.
As part of the acquisition, the Company acquired a 45% interest in two of Key Knife's subsidiaries, increasing its noncontrolling interest liability by $9,319,000 based on the income valuation approach. Under a put and purchase option as outlined in the securities purchase agreement, the seller can demand the Company purchase, or the Company can demand that the seller sell to the Company, the remaining interest in these subsidiaries at any time after December 31, 2027. The purchase price would be based on a total enterprise value as defined in the original purchase agreement.
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KADANT INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
KWS Manufacturing Company, Ltd.
On January 24, 2024, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity securities of KWS Manufacturing Company, Ltd. (KWS) for $81,247,000, subject to a post-closing adjustment. The Company paid $81,009,000 at closing and assumed a $238,000 overdraft. KWS is a leading manufacturer of conveying equipment for the bulk material handling industry, with revenue of approximately $45,000,000 for the twelve months ended September 30, 2023, and is part of the Company's Material Handling segment. Goodwill from the KWS acquisition was $38,468,000 and intangibles assets were $28,600,000, both of which are expected to be fully deductible for tax purposes over 15 years.
Purchase Price Allocation
The following table summarizes the aggregate estimated fair values of the net assets and noncontrolling interests acquired and purchase price for the Key Knife and KWS acquisitions:

(In thousands) |  | Total
Cash and Cash Equivalents |  | $ | 5,673 |
Accounts Receivable |  | 10,021 |
Inventories |  | 15,156 |
Other Current Assets |  | 1,132 |
Property, Plant, and Equipment |  | 33,648 |
Other Assets |  | 4,755 |
Definite-Lived Intangible Assets |  |
Customer relationships |  | 99,300 |
Product technology |  | 14,700 |
Tradenames |  | 7,450 |
Acquired backlog |  | 1,700 |
Goodwill |  | 72,526 |
Total assets acquired |  | 266,061 |
Accounts Payable |  | 2,263 |
Customer Deposits |  | 2,877 |
Other Current Liabilities |  | 4,470 |
Long-Term Deferred Income Taxes |  | 4,292 |
Other Long-Term Liabilities |  | 4,534 |
Total liabilities assumed |  | 18,436 |
Noncontrolling interests acquired |  | 9,319 |
Net assets and noncontrolling interests acquired |  | $ | 238,306 |
Purchase Price: |  |
Cash Paid at Closing |  | $ | 237,934 |
Post-closing Adjustments |  | 372 |
|  | $ | 238,306 |

The final purchase accounting and purchase price allocations remain subject to change as the Company continues to refine its preliminary valuation of certain acquired assets and liabilities assumed and the valuation of acquired intangibles, which may result in adjustments to the assets and liabilities, including goodwill.
For the quarter ended March 30, 2024, the acquisitions had aggregate revenue of $24,296,000 and a net operating loss of $315,000 from the dates of acquisition, including amortization expense of $3,130,000 associated with acquired profit in inventory and backlog.
The weighted-average amortization period for the definite-lived intangible assets related to the 2024 acquisitions is 18 years, including weighted-average amortization periods of 19 years for customer relationships, 12 years for product technology, and 17 years for tradenames.
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KADANT INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Unaudited Supplemental Pro Forma Information
Had the acquisitions of Key Knife and KWS been completed as of the beginning of 2023, the Company’s pro forma results of operations for the quarters ended March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023 would have been as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  |  |
(In thousands, except per share amounts) |  |  |  |
Revenue |  | $ | 251,640 |  |  | $ | 257,391 |  |  |  |  |
Net Income Attributable to Kadant |  | $ | 27,310 |  |  | $ | 24,824 |  |  |  |  |
Earnings per Share Attributable to Kadant |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 2.33 |  |  | $ | 2.13 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted |  | $ | 2.33 |  |  | $ | 2.12 |  |  |  |  |

The historical consolidated pro forma financial information of the Company, Key Knife and KWS above has been adjusted to give effect to pro forma events that are (i) directly attributable to the acquisition and related financing arrangements, (ii) expected to have a continuing impact on the Company, and (iii) factually supportable.
Pro forma results include the following non-recurring pro forma adjustments:
•Pre-tax charge to cost of revenue of $2,331,000 in 2023 and reversal in 2024, for the sale of inventory revalued at the date of acquisition.
•Pre-tax charge to SG&A expenses of $1,923,000 in 2023 and reversal in 2024, for acquisition costs and intangible asset amortization related to acquired backlog.
•Estimated tax effects related to the pro forma adjustments.
These pro forma results of operations have been prepared for comparative purposes only, and they do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations that would have resulted had the acquisitions occurred as of the beginning of 2023, or that may result in the future.
3. Restructuring Costs
The Company initiated a restructuring plan within its Flow Control segment in the third quarter of 2023 to consolidate a small manufacturing operation into a larger facility in Germany. As part of this restructuring plan, the Company incurred restructuring and impairment costs totaling $400,000, including severance costs of $335,000 for the termination of 10 employees, facility and other closure costs of $29,000, and asset write-downs of $36,000.
The Company also incurred restructuring costs within its Flow Control segment of $366,000 in the fourth quarter of 2023 related to the termination of a contract at one of its operations in Germany.
A summary of the changes in accrued restructuring costs included in other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet is as follows:

(In thousands) |  | Severance Costs |  | Contract Termination Costs |  |  |  | Total
2023 Restructuring Plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 30, 2023 |  | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | 313 |  |  |  |  | $ | 514 |
Usage |  | (196) |  |  | (183) |  |  |  |  | (379) |
Currency translation |  | (5) |  |  | (8) |  |  |  |  | (13) |
Balance at March 30, 2024 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 122 |  |  |  |  | $ | 122 |

The remaining accrued restructuring costs are expected to be paid by the end of the second quarter of 2024.
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KADANT INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
4. Earnings per Share
Basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) were calculated as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  |  |
(In thousands, except per share amounts) |  |  |  |
Net Income Attributable to Kadant |  | $ | 24,689 |  |  | $ | 28,075 |  |  |  |  |
Basic Weighted Average Shares |  | 11,724 |  |  | 11,681 |  |  |  |  |
Effect of Restricted Stock Units and Employee Stock Purchase Plan Shares |  | 20 |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted Weighted Average Shares |  | 11,744 |  |  | 11,694 |  |  |  |  |
Basic Earnings per Share |  | $ | 2.11 |  |  | $ | 2.40 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted Earnings per Share |  | $ | 2.10 |  |  | $ | 2.40 |  |  |  |  |

The effect of outstanding and unvested restricted stock units (RSUs) of the Company’s common stock totaling 33,000 shares in the first quarter of 2024 and 38,000 shares in the first quarter of 2023 were not included in the computation of diluted EPS for the respective periods as the effect would have been antidilutive or, for unvested performance-based RSUs, the performance conditions had not been met as of the end of the reporting periods.
5. Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes was $7,854,000 in the first quarter of 2024 and $9,763,000 in the first quarter of 2023.
The effective tax rate of 24% in the first quarter of 2024 was higher than the Company’s statutory rate of 21% primarily due to nondeductible expenses, the distribution of the Company’s worldwide earnings, state taxes, the cost of repatriating the earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries, and tax expense associated with the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income provisions. These items were offset in part by net excess income tax benefits from stock-based compensation arrangements, foreign tax credits, and a tax benefit associated with a foreign exchange loss recognized upon the Company’s repatriation of certain previously taxed foreign earnings.
The effective tax rate of 26% in the first quarter of 2023 was higher than the Company's statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the distribution of the Company's worldwide earnings, nondeductible expenses, and state taxes, offset in part by net excess income tax benefits from stock-based compensation arrangements.
6. Long-Term Obligations
Long-term obligations are as follows:

|  | March 30, 2024 |  | December 30, 2023
(In thousands) |  |
Revolving Credit Facility, due 2027 |  | $ | 297,884 |  |  | $ | 98,761 |
Senior Promissory Notes, due 2024 to 2028 |  | 8,330 |  |  | 8,330 |
Finance Leases, due 2024 to 2029 |  | 1,992 |  |  | 1,789 |
Other Borrowings, due 2024 to 2028 |  | 1,810 |  |  | 1,995 |
Total |  | 310,016 |  |  | 110,875 |
Less: Current Maturities of Long-Term Obligations |  | (3,243) |  |  | (3,209) |
Long-Term Obligations |  | $ | 306,773 |  |  | $ | 107,666 |

See Note 10, Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for the fair value information related to the Company's long-term obligations.
Revolving Credit Facility
The Company's unsecured multi-currency revolving credit facility, originally entered into on March 1, 2017 (as amended and restated to date, the Credit Agreement) matures on November 30, 2027 and has a borrowing capacity of
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KADANT INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
$400,000,000, in addition to an uncommitted, unsecured incremental borrowing facility of $200,000,000. Interest on borrowings outstanding accrues and is payable in arrears calculated at one of the following rates selected by the Company: (i) the Base Rate, as defined, plus an applicable margin of 0% to 1.25%, or (ii) Eurocurrency Rate, Term SOFR (plus a 10 basis point credit spread adjustment), CDOR Rate, and RFR, as applicable and defined, plus an applicable margin of 1.0% to 2.25%. The margin is determined based upon the ratio of the Company's total debt, net of unrestricted cash up to $50,000,000, to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization as defined in the Credit Agreement. Additionally, the Credit Agreement requires the payment of a commitment fee payable in arrears on the available borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement, which ranges from 0.125% to 0.350%.
Obligations under the Credit Agreement, which includes customary events of default under such financing arrangements, may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains negative covenants applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries, including financial covenants requiring the Company to maintain a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of 3.75 to 1.00, or, if the Company elects, for the quarter during which a material acquisition occurs and for the three fiscal quarters thereafter, 4.25 to 1.00, and limitations on making certain restricted payments (including dividends and stock repurchases).
Loans under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company.
During the first quarter of 2024, the Company borrowed an aggregate of $234,000,000 under the Credit Agreement, which was primarily used to fund the Company's acquisitions of Key Knife and KWS. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for further details. As of March 30, 2024, the outstanding balance under the Credit Agreement was $297,884,000, which included $73,884,000 of euro-denominated borrowings. The Company had $101,664,000 of borrowing capacity available as of March 30, 2024, which was calculated by translating its foreign-denominated borrowings using the administrative agent's borrowing date foreign exchange rates, in addition to the $200,000,000 uncommitted, unsecured incremental borrowing facility.
The weighted average interest rate for the outstanding balance under the Credit Agreement was 6.04% as of March 30, 2024 and 5.24% as of year-end 2023.
Senior Promissory Notes
In 2018, the Company entered into an uncommitted, unsecured Multi-Currency Note Purchase and Private Shelf Agreement (Note Purchase Agreement). Simultaneous with the execution of the Note Purchase Agreement, the Company issued senior promissory notes (Initial Notes) in an aggregate principal amount of $10,000,000, with a per annum interest rate of 4.90% payable semiannually, and a maturity date of December 14, 2028. The Company is required to prepay a portion of the principal of the Initial Notes beginning on December 14, 2023 and each year thereafter, and may optionally prepay the principal on the Initial Notes, together with any prepayment premium, at any time in accordance with the Note Purchase Agreement. The obligations of the Initial Notes may be accelerated upon an event of default as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement, which includes customary events of default under such financing arrangements.
The Initial Notes are pari passu with the Company’s indebtedness under the Credit Agreement, and any other senior debt of the Company, subject to certain specified exceptions, and participate in a sharing agreement with respect to the obligations of the Company and its subsidiaries under the Credit Agreement. The Initial Notes are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries.
Debt Compliance
As of March 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with the covenants related to its debt obligations.
7. Stock-Based Compensation
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $2,415,000 in the first quarter of 2024 and $2,238,000 in the first quarter of 2023 within SG&A expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of income. The Company recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards granted to employees and directors based on the grant date estimate of fair value for those awards. The fair value of RSUs is based on the grant date price of the Company's common stock, reduced by the present value of estimated dividends foregone during the requisite service period. For time-based RSUs, compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for the entire award based on the grant date fair value, and net of actual forfeitures recorded when they occur. For performance-based RSUs, compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award based on the grant date fair value, net of actual forfeitures recorded when they occur, and remeasured each reporting period until the total number of RSUs to be issued is known. Unrecognized compensation expense related to stock-based compensation totaled approximately $15,745,000 at March 30, 2024, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years.
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KADANT INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Performance-based RSUs
On March 6, 2024, the Company granted performance-based RSUs to certain of its officers, which represented, in aggregate, the right to receive 18,643 shares (target RSU amount), with an aggregate grant date fair value of $5,917,000. The RSUs are subject to adjustment based on the achievement of the performance measure selected for the fiscal year, which is a specified target for adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (target adjusted EBITDA) generated from operations for the fiscal year. The RSUs are adjusted by comparing the actual adjusted EBITDA for the performance period to the target adjusted EBITDA. Actual adjusted EBITDA between 50% and 100% of the target adjusted EBITDA results in an adjustment of 50% to 100% of the target RSU amount. Actual adjusted EBITDA between 100% and 115% of the target adjusted EBITDA results in an adjustment using a straight-line linear scale between 100% and 150% of the target RSU amount. Actual adjusted EBITDA in excess of 115% results in an adjustment capped at 150% of the target RSU amount. If actual adjusted EBITDA is below 50% of the target adjusted EBITDA for the 2024 fiscal year, these performance-based RSUs will be forfeited. The Company recognizes compensation expense based on the probable number of performance-based RSUs expected to vest. Following the adjustment, the performance-based RSUs will be subject to additional time-based vesting, and will vest in three equal annual installments on March 10 of 2025, 2026, and 2027, provided that the officer is employed by the Company on the applicable vesting dates.
Time-based RSUs
On March 6, 2024, the Company granted time-based RSUs representing 14,109 shares to certain of its officers and employees with an aggregate grant date fair value of $4,461,000. These time-based RSUs vest in three equal annual installments on March 10 of 2025, 2026, and 2027, provided that a recipient is employed by the Company on the applicable vesting dates.
8. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items
Comprehensive income combines net income and other comprehensive items, which represent certain amounts that are reported as components of stockholders' equity in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive items (AOCI), net of tax, are as follows:

(In thousands) |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  | Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefit Liability Adjustments |  | Deferred Loss on Cash Flow Hedges |  | Total
Balance at December 30, 2023 |  | $ | (43,013) |  |  | $ | (11) |  |  | $ | (38) |  |  | $ | (43,062) |
Other comprehensive items before reclassifications |  | (10,150) |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | (10,147) |
Reclassifications from AOCI |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | 38 |  |  | 36 |
Net current period other comprehensive items |  | (10,150) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 38 |  |  | (10,111) |
Balance at March 30, 2024 |  | $ | (53,163) |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (53,173) |

9. Derivatives
The Company uses forward currency-exchange contracts that generally have maturities of twelve months or less to hedge exposures resulting from fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Such exposures result from assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of the Company's subsidiaries.
Forward currency-exchange contracts that hedge forecasted accounts receivable or accounts payable are designated as cash flow hedges and unrecognized gains and losses are recorded to AOCI, net of tax. Deferred gains and losses are recognized in the statement of income in the period in which the underlying transaction occurs. The fair values of forward currency-exchange contracts that are designated as fair value hedges and forward currency-exchange contracts that are not designated as hedges are recognized currently in earnings. Gains and losses reported within SG&A expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of income associated with the Company's forward currency-exchange contracts that were not designated as hedges were not material for the three-month periods ended March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023.
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KADANT INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the fair value of derivative instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet:

|  |  |  | March 30, 2024 |  | December 30, 2023
|  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Asset (Liability) (a) |  | Notional Amount (b) |  | Asset (Liability) (a) |  | Notional Amount
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives in a Liability Position: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency-exchange contract |  | Other Current Liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (51) |  |  | $ | 430 |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives in an Asset Position: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency-exchange contracts |  | Other Current Assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 701 |
Derivatives in a Liability Position: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency-exchange contracts |  | Other Current Liabilities |  | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | 880 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

(a) See Note 10, Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for the fair value measurements relating to these financial instruments.
(b) The 2024 notional amounts are indicative of the level of the Company's recurring derivative activity.
The following table summarizes the activity in AOCI associated with the Company's foreign currency exchange contract designated as a cash flow hedge as of and for the three months ended March 30, 2024:

(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  | Total
Unrealized Loss, Net of Tax, at December 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (38) |
Loss recognized in AOCI |  |  |  |  |  | 38 |
Unrealized Loss, Net of Tax, at March 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |

10. Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value measurement is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy is established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three broad levels as follows:
•Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•Level 2—Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly.
•Level 3—Unobservable inputs based on the Company's own assumptions.
The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

|  | Fair Value as of March 30, 2024
(In thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds and time deposits |  | $ | 9,032 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,032 |
Banker's acceptance drafts (a) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,723 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,723 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency-exchange contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13 |

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KADANT INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

|  | Fair Value as of December 30, 2023
(In thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds and time deposits |  | $ | 14,795 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,795 |
Banker's acceptance drafts (a) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,826 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,826 |
Forward currency-exchange contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward currency-exchange contract |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51 |

(a)Included in accounts receivable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.
The Company uses the market approach technique to value its financial assets and liabilities, and there were no changes in valuation techniques during the first quarter of 2024. Banker's acceptance drafts are carried at face value, which approximates their fair value due to the short-term nature of the negotiable instrument. The fair values of the forward currency-exchange contracts are based on quoted forward foreign exchange rates at the reporting date. The forward currency-exchange contracts are hedges of either recorded assets or liabilities or anticipated transactions and represent the estimated amount the Company would receive or pay upon liquidation of the contracts. Changes in values of the underlying hedged assets and liabilities or anticipated transactions are not reflected in the table above.
The carrying value and fair value of debt obligations, excluding lease obligations, are as follows:

|  | March 30, 2024 |  | December 30, 2023
|  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value
(In thousands) |  |  |  |
Debt Obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revolving credit facility |  | $ | 297,884 |  |  | $ | 297,884 |  |  | $ | 98,761 |  |  | $ | 98,761 |
Senior promissory notes |  | 8,330 |  |  | 8,252 |  |  | 8,330 |  |  | 8,182 |
Other |  | 1,810 |  |  | 1,810 |  |  | 1,995 |  |  | 1,995 |
|  | $ | 308,024 |  |  | $ | 307,946 |  |  | $ | 109,086 |  |  | $ | 108,938 |

The carrying value of the Company's revolving credit facility approximates the fair value as the obligation bears variable rates of interest, which adjust frequently, based on prevailing market rates. The fair value of the senior promissory notes is primarily calculated based on quoted market rates plus an applicable margin available to the Company at the respective period end, which represent Level 2 measurements.
11. Business Segment Information
The Company has three reportable operating segments: Flow Control, Industrial Processing, and Material Handling. The Flow Control segment consists of the fluid-handling and doctoring, cleaning, & filtration product lines; the Industrial Processing segment consists of the wood processing and stock-preparation product lines; and the Material Handling segment consists of the conveying and vibratory, baling, and fiber-based product lines.
A description of each segment follows:
•Flow Control – Custom-engineered products, systems, and technologies that control the flow of fluids used in industrial and commercial applications to keep critical processes running efficiently in the packaging, tissue, food, metals, and other industrial sectors. The Company's primary products include rotary sealing devices, steam systems, expansion joints, doctor systems, roll and fabric cleaning devices, and filtration and fiber recovery systems.
•Industrial Processing – Equipment, machinery, and technologies used to process recycled paper and timber for the packaging, tissue, wood products and alternative fuel industries, among others. The Company's primary products include stock-preparation systems and recycling equipment, chemical pulping equipment, debarkers, stranders, chippers and custom engineered knife systems. In addition, the Company provides industrial automation and digitization solutions to process industries.
•Material Handling – Products and engineered systems used to handle bulk and discrete materials for secondary processing or transport in the aggregates, mining, food, and waste management industries, among others. The Company's primary products include conveying and vibratory equipment and balers. In addition, the Company
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KADANT INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
manufactures and sells biodegradable, absorbent granules used as carriers in agricultural applications and for oil and grease absorption.
The following table presents financial information for the Company's reportable operating segments and includes the results of Key Knife, acquired on January 1, 2024, within the Industrial Processing segment, and the results of KWS, acquired on January 24, 2024, within the Material Handling segment. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for further details.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | March 30, |  | April 1, |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Flow Control |  | $ | 86,682 |  |  | $ | 89,521 |  |  |  |  |
Industrial Processing |  | 105,861 |  |  | 83,542 |  |  |  |  |
Material Handling |  | 56,432 |  |  | 56,695 |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | 248,975 |  |  | $ | 229,758 |  |  |  |  |
Income Before Provision for Income Taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Flow Control |  | $ | 21,710 |  |  | $ | 24,189 |  |  |  |  |
Industrial Processing (a) |  | 19,999 |  |  | 15,967 |  |  |  |  |
Material Handling (b) |  | 5,541 |  |  | 9,287 |  |  |  |  |
Corporate (c) |  | (10,323) |  |  | (9,329) |  |  |  |  |
Total operating income |  | 36,927 |  |  | 40,114 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net (d) |  | (4,058) |  |  | (2,071) |  |  |  |  |
Other expense, net (d) |  | (30) |  |  | (21) |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | 32,839 |  |  | $ | 38,022 |  |  |  |  |
Capital Expenditures |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Flow Control |  | $ | 1,874 |  |  | $ | 1,404 |  |  |  |  |
Industrial Processing |  | 2,883 |  |  | 2,579 |  |  |  |  |
Material Handling |  | 1,506 |  |  | 462 |  |  |  |  |
Corporate |  | 8 |  |  | 24 |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | 6,271 |  |  | $ | 4,469 |  |  |  |  |

|  | March 30, |  | December 30,
(In thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Total Assets |  |  |  |
Flow Control |  | $ | 383,516 |  |  | $ | 391,719 |
Industrial Processing |  | 606,803 |  |  | 443,189 |
Material Handling |  | 409,005 |  |  | 326,226 |
Corporate |  | 10,102 |  |  | 14,531 |
|  | $ | 1,409,426 |  |  | $ | 1,175,665 |

(a)Includes acquisition-related costs of $1,890,000 in 2024, including acquisition costs of $599,000 and amortization expense associated with acquired profit in inventory of $1,291,000.
(b)Includes acquisition-related costs of $2,364,000 in 2024, including acquisition costs of $525,000 and amortization expense associated with acquired profit in inventory and backlog of $1,839,000.
(c)Represents general and administrative expenses.
(d)The Company does not allocate interest expense, net and other expense, net to its segments.
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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
12. Commitments and Contingencies
Right of Recourse
In the ordinary course of business, the Company's Chinese subsidiaries may receive banker's acceptance drafts from customers as payment for their trade accounts receivable. The drafts are non-interest bearing obligations of the issuing bank and generally mature within six months of the origination date. The Company's Chinese subsidiaries may use these banker's acceptance drafts prior to the scheduled maturity date to settle outstanding accounts payable with vendors. Banker's acceptance drafts transferred to vendors are subject to customary right of recourse provisions prior to their scheduled maturity dates. The Company had $4,524,000 at March 30, 2024 and $9,090,000 at December 30, 2023 of banker's acceptance drafts subject to recourse, which were transferred to vendors and had not reached their scheduled maturity dates. Historically, the banker's acceptance drafts have settled upon maturity without any claim of recourse against the Company.
Litigation
From time to time, the Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering a range of matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. Such litigation may include, but is not limited to, claims and counterclaims by and against the Company for breach of contract or warranty, canceled contracts, product liability, or bankruptcy-related claims. For legal proceedings in which a loss is probable and estimable, the Company accrues a loss based on the low end of the range of estimated loss when there is no better estimate within the range. If the Company were found to be liable for any of the claims or counterclaims against it, the Company would incur a charge against earnings for amounts in excess of legal accruals.
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Item 2 – Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
When we use the terms "we," "us," "our," and the "Company," we mean Kadant Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, taken as a whole, unless the context otherwise indicates.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents we incorporate by reference in this report include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. These forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact and may include statements regarding possible or assumed future results of operations. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management, using information currently available to our management. When we use words such as "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "plans," "estimates," "seeks," "should," "likely," "will," "would," "may," "continue," "could," or similar expressions, we are making forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. They involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our future results of operations may differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Many of the important factors that will determine these results are beyond our ability to control or predict. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. For a discussion of important factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements, you should read carefully Risk Factors included in Part I, Item 1A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023 (Annual Report) and as may be further amended and/or restated in subsequent filings with the SEC.
Overview
Company Background
We are a global supplier of technologies and engineered systems that drive Sustainable Industrial Processing. Our products and services play an integral role in enhancing efficiency, optimizing energy utilization, and maximizing productivity in process industries while helping our customers advance their sustainability initiatives with products that reduce waste or generate more yield with fewer inputs, particularly fiber, energy, and water. Producing more while consuming less is a core aspect of Sustainable Industrial Processing and a major element of the strategic focus of our business.
Our financial results are reported in three reportable operating segments: Flow Control, Industrial Processing, and Material Handling. The Flow Control segment consists of our fluid-handling and doctoring, cleaning, & filtration product lines; the Industrial Processing segment consists of our wood processing and stock-preparation product lines; and the Material Handling segment consists of our conveying and vibratory, baling, and fiber-based product lines. A description of each segment is as follows:
•Flow Control – Custom-engineered products, systems, and technologies that control the flow of fluids used in industrial and commercial applications to keep critical processes running efficiently in the packaging, tissue, food, metals, and other industrial sectors. Our primary products include rotary sealing devices, steam systems, expansion joints, doctor systems, roll and fabric cleaning devices, and filtration and fiber recovery systems.
•Industrial Processing – Equipment, machinery, and technologies used to process recycled paper and timber for the packaging, tissue, wood products, and alternative fuel industries, among others. Our primary products include stock-preparation systems and recycling equipment, chemical pulping equipment, debarkers, stranders, chippers and custom engineered knife systems. In addition, we provide industrial automation and digitization solutions to process industries.
•Material Handling – Products and engineered systems used to handle bulk and discrete materials for secondary processing or transport in the aggregates, mining, food, and waste management industries, among others. Our primary products include conveying and vibratory equipment and balers. In addition, we manufacture and sell biodegradable, absorbent granules used as carriers in agricultural applications and for oil and grease absorption.
Industry and Business Overview
Our consolidated bookings decreased 10% to $248.4 million in the first quarter of 2024 compared to unprecedented record bookings in the first quarter of 2023, but increased 14% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023, including an 11% increase from acquisitions and strong demand for our parts and consumables products across all segments. We expect the strong demand for aftermarket products to continue contributing to higher bookings in 2024 compared to the prior year. Stable demand for our capital equipment is expected to continue in North America, but strengthen during the year in Europe and Asia
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following a period of constrained capital spending. We have a healthy level of quote activity, but economic uncertainty as well as funding challenges in certain locations has lengthened the timing for securing capital orders.
An overview of our business by segment is as follows:
•Flow Control – Our Flow Control segment bookings increased 11% sequentially compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. Increased demand in North America was driven by anticipated spring maintenance requirements. In Europe, despite sequentially higher bookings in the first quarter, there is continued uncertainty in the end markets we serve primarily due to geopolitical tensions and weak macroeconomic conditions. Overall, many of the end markets in our Flow Control segment remain strong despite the general sluggishness in the manufacturing sector, and we expect bookings to remain stable during the remainder of 2024 and consistent with the levels achieved in 2023.
•Industrial Processing – Our Industrial Processing segment bookings increased 7% sequentially. This included an 18% increase from acquisitions, partially offset by weaker demand for our capital equipment products at our wood processing and stock-preparation businesses. Higher interest rates have contributed to a decrease in new construction activity in North America depressing demand for lumber and oriented strand board (OSB). An uptick in remodeling is expected later in 2024, which would increase demand for lumber and OSB. We had sequentially higher aftermarket parts bookings at our stock-preparation business, but weaker capital equipment bookings driven by sluggish market conditions and consolidation activity within our customer base, which has caused producers to delay new investment decisions. While there is still a healthy level of quote activity for large capital projects in our Industrial Processing segment, there has been an increase in quote-to-order times. We expect higher annual bookings in our Industrial Processing segment in 2024, especially for our parts and consumables products.
•Material Handling – Our Material Handling segment bookings increased 32% sequentially and 15% excluding the impact of an acquisition. The 15% increase was led by our conveying and vibratory business due to planned expenditures by our customers for large underground mining projects. In addition, there is increased demand from customers in the aggregates industry related to new infrastructure projects. We anticipate steady demand at our baling business for the remainder of 2024 due in part to government initiatives aimed at stimulating capital investment. We expect contributions from our recent acquisition will lead to higher bookings in our Material Handling segment in 2024 compared to the prior year.
Our global operations have been and continue to be impacted by complex market conditions fueled by inflationary pressures, geopolitical tensions, labor availability and softening markets. While the U.S economy has proven more resilient than predicted, growth in the European economy has slowed due to high interest rates and elevated inflation, and China's manufacturing activity has contracted. We expect our operating environment to continue to be challenging, which creates continued uncertainty for 2024. However, we believe that the fundamentals of our business remain strong, particularly given our solid market position in key product lines, solid global operations teams, and long-term strength of our end markets. In addition, we see growth opportunities from proposed and adopted legislation in the U.S. and abroad aimed at fueling investment, including those targeting environmental initiatives.
For more information related to these challenges, and other factors impacting our business, please see Risk Factors included in Part I, Item 1A, of our Annual Report and subsequent filings with the SEC.
International Sales
Slightly more than half of our sales are to customers outside the United States, mainly in Europe, Asia, and Canada. As a result, our financial performance can be materially affected by currency exchange rate fluctuations between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. To mitigate the impact of foreign currency transaction fluctuations, we generally seek to charge our customers in the same currency in which our operating costs are incurred. Additionally, we may enter into forward currency exchange contracts to hedge certain firm purchase and sale commitments denominated in currencies other than our subsidiaries' functional currencies. We currently do not use derivative instruments to hedge our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations created by the translation into the U.S. dollar of our foreign subsidiaries' results that are in functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar.
Global Trade
The United States imposes tariffs on certain imports from China, which has and will continue to increase the cost of some of the equipment that we import. Although we have worked to mitigate the impact of tariffs through pricing and sourcing strategies, we cannot be sure these strategies will effectively mitigate the impact of these costs. For more information on risks
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associated with our global operations, including tariffs, please see Risk Factors, included in Part I, Item 1A, of our Annual Report and subsequent filings with the SEC.
Acquisitions
We expect that a significant driver of our growth over the next several years will be the acquisition of businesses and technologies that complement or augment our existing products and services or may involve entry into a new process industry.
On January 1, 2024, we acquired Key Knife, Inc. and certain of its affiliates (collectively, Key Knife) for $153.4 million, net of cash acquired. Key Knife is a global supplier of engineered knife systems for custom chipping, planing, and flaking solutions for wood products industries, with revenue of approximately $65.0 million for the twelve months ended September 30, 2023, and is part of our Industrial Processing segment. As part of the Key Knife acquisition, we acquired a 45% interest in two of Key Knife's subsidiaries, increasing our noncontrolling interest liability by $9.3 million.
On January 24, 2024, we acquired KWS Manufacturing Company, Ltd. (KWS) for $81.2 million, subject to a post-closing adjustment. KWS is a leading manufacturer of conveying equipment for the bulk material handling industry, with revenue of approximately $45.0 million for the twelve months ended September 30, 2023, and is part of our Material Handling segment.
We funded these acquisitions primarily through borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We expect several synergies in connection with the acquisitions, including expansion of product sales into new markets by leveraging our global sales network and relationships, broadening our product portfolio, and strengthening our position in the wood processing and material handling markets.
See Note 2, Acquisitions, in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.
Results of Operations
First Quarter 2024 Compared With First Quarter 2023
Revenue
The following table presents the change in revenue by segment between the first quarters of 2024 and 2023, and those changes excluding the effect of foreign currency translation and acquisitions which we refer to as change in organic revenue. Organic revenue excludes the effect of acquisitions for the four quarterly reporting periods following the date of the acquisition. The presentation of the change in organic revenue is a non-GAAP measure. We believe this non-GAAP measure helps investors gain an understanding of our underlying operations consistent with how management measures and forecasts its performance, especially when comparing such results to prior periods. This non-GAAP measure should not be considered superior to or a substitute for the corresponding U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) measure.
Revenue by segment in the first quarters of 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Increase (Decrease) |  |  |  | Currency Translation |  | Acquisitions |  | (Non-GAAP) Change in Organic Revenue
(In thousands, except percentages) |  | March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  | % Change |  |  |  | Increase (Decrease) |  | % Change
Flow Control |  | $ | 86,682 |  |  | $ | 89,521 |  |  | $ | (2,839) |  |  | (3)% |  | $ | 734 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (3,573) |  |  | (4)%
Industrial Processing |  | 105,861 |  |  | 83,542 |  |  | 22,319 |  |  | 27% |  | (107) |  |  | 16,601 |  |  | 5,825 |  |  | 7%
Material Handling |  | 56,432 |  |  | 56,695 |  |  | (263) |  |  | —% |  | 201 |  |  | 7,762 |  |  | (8,226) |  |  | (15)%
Consolidated |  | $ | 248,975 |  |  | $ | 229,758 |  |  | $ | 19,217 |  |  | 8% |  | $ | 828 |  |  | $ | 24,363 |  |  | $ | (5,974) |  |  | (3)%

Consolidated revenue increased 8% in the first quarter of 2024 and organic revenue decreased 3% largely due to weaker demand for our capital equipment products at our Material Handling segment, partially offset by stronger demand at our Industrial Processing segment. From a regional perspective, the majority of the decrease in organic revenue was driven by softening demand in Europe and China due to weak macroeconomic conditions.
Revenue at our Flow Control segment decreased 3% and organic revenue decreased 4% in the first quarter of 2024 due to decreased demand in Europe and China reflecting the challenging market conditions and slowdown in manufacturing activity. This decrease was partially offset by higher demand for our capital equipment products in North America driven by continued strength in the U.S. economy and underlying packaging industry.
Revenue at our Industrial Processing segment increased 27% in the first quarter of 2024, including a 20% increase from acquisitions. Organic revenue increased 7% in the first quarter of 2024 primarily due to increased demand for our capital
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equipment products, especially at our stock-preparation business in China following a slowdown in manufacturing activity when mills were focusing on installing and optimizing capital equipment purchased in prior periods. In addition, we experienced higher demand for our capital equipment products at our wood processing businesses in North America where the U.S. economy and housing market continued to demonstrate resiliency against inflationary pressures.
Revenue at our Material Handling segment remained flat in the first quarter of 2024, while organic revenue decreased 15% driven by weaker demand at our baling business. In Europe, while the requests for proposals are high, customers are more cautious given the weaker economic environment, which has resulted in a lengthening of quote-to-order times. In North America, a decrease in capital equipment revenue was due in part to customer-requested shipping delays at our baling business from the first to the second quarter of 2024. In addition, several large projects in the first quarter of 2023 at our conveying and vibratory business in North America resulted in comparatively lower revenue in the first quarter of 2024.
Gross Profit Margin
Gross profit margin by segment in the first quarters of 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Basis Point Change
|  | March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023 |
Flow Control |  | 53.9% |  | 53.3% |  | 60 | bps
Industrial Processing |  | 41.7% |  | 40.6% |  | 110 | bps
Material Handling |  | 35.6% |  | 36.1% |  | (50) | bps
Consolidated |  | 44.6% |  | 44.4% |  | 20 | bps

Consolidated gross profit margin increased to 44.6% in the first quarter of 2024 compared with 44.4% in the first quarter of 2023 due to a larger proportion of higher-margin parts and consumables revenue and higher margins achieved on our capital equipment products especially at our Flow Control segment. This increase was partially offset by the inclusion of $2.3 million of amortization expense related to acquired profit in inventory, which lowered consolidated gross profit margin in 2024 by 0.9 percentage points.
Within our operating segments, gross profit margin:
•Increased to 53.9% at our Flow Control segment from 53.3% in the 2023 period primarily due to higher margins achieved on our capital equipment products.
•Increased to 41.7% at our Industrial Processing segment from 40.6% in the 2023 period due to higher margins achieved on our parts and consumables products, as well as a higher proportion of parts and consumables revenue. These increases were partially offset by the inclusion of $1.3 million of amortization expense related to acquired profit in inventory, which lowered gross profit margin in 2024 by 1.2 percentage points.
•Decreased to 35.6% at our Material Handling segment from 36.1% in the 2023 period due to the inclusion of $1.0 million of amortization expense related to acquired profit in inventory, which lowered gross profit margin in 2024 by 1.8 percentage points. This decrease was partially offset by a larger proportion of higher-margin parts and consumables revenue.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses by segment in the first quarters of 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |
(In thousands, except percentages) |  | March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023 |  | Increase |  | % Change
Flow Control |  | $ | 23,424 |  |  | $ | 22,217 |  |  | $ | 1,207 |  |  | 5%
Industrial Processing |  | 22,518 |  |  | 16,298 |  |  | 6,220 |  |  | 38%
Material Handling |  | 14,040 |  |  | 10,719 |  |  | 3,321 |  |  | 31%
Corporate |  | 10,323 |  |  | 9,328 |  |  | 995 |  |  | 11%
Consolidated |  | $ | 70,305 |  |  | $ | 58,562 |  |  | $ | 11,743 |  |  | 20%
Consolidated as a Percentage of Revenue |  | 28% |  | 25% |  |  |  |

Consolidated SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 28% in 2024 from 25% in 20 23. Consolidated SG&A expenses increased $11.7 million, or 20%, primarily due to the inclusion of $7.3 million of SG&A expenses from
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acquisitions and an incremental $1.9 million of acquisition-related costs. Acquisition-related costs included in SG&A consist of acquisition costs and amortization expense associated with acquired backlog.
Within our operating segments, SG&A expenses:
•Increased $1.2 million at our Flow Control segment principally due to increased incentive compensation, higher bad debt expense, an indemnification asset reversal of $0.2 million, and an unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation of $0.2 million.
•Increase d $6.2 million at our Industrial Processing segment due to the inclusion of $5.1 million of SG&A expenses from acquisitions, $0.6 million of acquisition-related costs and increased compensation expense.
•Increased $3.3 million at our Material Handling segment principally due to the inclusion of $2.2 million of SG&A expenses from an acquisition and $1.3 million of acquisition-related costs.
•Increased $1.0 million at Corporate due to increased consulting costs and incentive compensation expense.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased to $4.7 million in the first quarter of 2024 from $2.4 million in the first quarter of 2023 due to increased borrowings under our revolving credit facility, which were primarily used to fund our acquisitions and, to a lesser extent, a higher weighted-average interest rate. We expect interest expense will increase significantly in 2024 compared to 2023 as a result of these borrowings.
Provision for Income Taxes
Provision for income taxes decreased to $7.9 million in the first quarter of 2024 from $9.8 million in the first quarter of 2023.
The effective tax rate of 24% in the first quarter of 2024 was higher than our statutory rate of 21% primarily due to nondeductible expenses, the distribution of our worldwide earnings, state taxes, the cost of repatriating the earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries, and tax expense associated with the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income provisions. These items were offset in part by net excess income tax benefits from stock-based compensation arrangements, foreign tax credits, and a tax benefit associated with a foreign exchange loss recognized upon our repatriation of certain previously taxed foreign earnings.
The effective tax rate of 26% in the first quarter of 2023 was higher than our statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the distribution of our worldwide earnings, nondeductible expenses, and state taxes, offset in part by net excess income tax benefits from stock-based compensation arrangements.
Net Income
Net income decreased to $25.0 million in the first quarter of 2024 from $28.3 million in the first quarter of 2023 primarily due to a $3.2 million decrease in operating income and a $2.3 million increase in interest expense, offset in part by a $1.9 million decrease in provision for income taxes (see discussions above for further details).
Non-GAAP Key Performance Indicators
In addition to the financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, we use certain non-GAAP financial measures, including organic revenue (defined as revenue excluding the effect of foreign currency translation and acquisitions), adjusted operating income, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA), adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin (defined as adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue), and free cash flow (defined as cash flow provided by operations less capital expenditures).
We use organic revenue in order to understand our trends and to forecast and evaluate our financial performance and compare revenue to prior periods (see discussion in Revenue above). Adjusted operating income, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted EBITDA margin exclude acquisition costs, amortization expense related to acquired profit in inventory and backlog, and other income or expense, as indicated. These items are excluded as they are not indicative of our core operating results and are not comparable to other periods, which have differing levels of incremental costs, expenditures or income, or none at all. Additionally, we use free cash flow in order to provide insight on our ability to generate cash for acquisitions and debt repayments, as well as for other investing and financing activities.
We believe these non-GAAP financial measures, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance by excluding certain items that may not be indicative of our core business, operating results, or future outlook. We believe that the inclusion of such measures helps investors gain an understanding of our underlying operating performance and future prospects, consistent with how management measures and forecasts our performance, especially when comparing such results to previous periods or forecasts
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and to the performance of our competitors. Such measures are also used by us in our financial and operating decision-making and for compensation purposes. We also believe this information is responsive to investors' requests and gives them an additional measure of our performance.
Our non-GAAP financial measures are not meant to be considered superior to or a substitute for the results of operations or cash flows prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, our non-GAAP financial measures have limitations associated with their use as compared to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, in that they may be different from, and therefore not comparable to, similar measures used by other companies.
A reconciliation of adjusted operating income, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted EBITDA margin is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
(In thousands, except percentages) |  | March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  |  |
Net Income Attributable to Kadant |  | $ | 24,689 |  |  | $ | 28,075 |  |  |  |  |
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |  | 296 |  |  | 184 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for Income Taxes |  | 7,854 |  |  | 9,763 |  |  |  |  |
Interest Expense, Net |  | 4,058 |  |  | 2,071 |  |  |  |  |
Other Expense, Net |  | 30 |  |  | 21 |  |  |  |  |
Operating Income |  | 36,927 |  |  | 40,114 |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition Costs |  | 1,124 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Indemnification Asset Reversals, Net (a) |  | 90 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Acquired Backlog Amortization (b) |  | 799 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Acquired Profit in Inventory Amortization (c) |  | 2,331 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Operating Income (non-GAAP measure) |  | 41,271 |  |  | 40,114 |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and Amortization |  | 10,940 |  |  | 8,446 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP measure) |  | $ | 52,211 |  |  | $ | 48,560 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (non-GAAP measure) |  | 21.0% |  | 21.1% |  |  |  |

(a) Represents net indemnification asset reversal related to the release of tax reserves associated with uncertain tax positions.
(b) Represents intangible amortization expense associated with acquired backlog.
(c) Represents amortization expense within cost of revenue associated with acquired profit in inventory.
A reconciliation of free cash flow from cash flow provided by operating activities is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
(In thousands) |  | March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023 |  |  |  |
Cash Provided by Operating Activities |  | $ | 22,831 |  |  | $ | 36,866 |  |  |  |  |
Capital Expenditures |  | (6,271) |  |  | (4,469) |  |  |  |  |
Free Cash Flow (non-GAAP measure) |  | $ | 16,560 |  |  | $ | 32,397 |  |  |  |  |

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Consolidated working capital was $232.7 million at March 30, 2024, compared with $225.8 million at December 30, 2023. Cash and cash equivalents were $81.4 million at March 30, 2024, compared with $103.8 million at December 30, 2023, which included cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries o f $71.1 million at March 30, 2024 and $94.6 million at December 30, 2023.
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Cash Flows
Cash flow information in the first quarters of 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | March 30, 2024 |  | April 1, 2023
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities |  | $ | 22,831 |  |  | $ | 36,866 |
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities |  | (237,263) |  |  | (4,467) |
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities |  | 192,905 |  |  | (27,757) |
Exchange Rate Effect on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash |  | (2,308) |  |  | 1,140 |
(Decrease) Increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash |  | $ | (23,835) |  |  | $ | 5,782 |

Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities decreased to $22.8 million in the first quarter of 2024 from $36.9 million in the first quarter of 2023 primarily due to an increase in cash used for working capital. Our operating cash flows are primarily generated from cash received from customers, offset by cash payments for items such as inventory, employee compensation, operating leases, income taxes, and interest payments on outstanding debt obligations.
Significant cash outflows associated with working capital in the first quarter of 2024 related to other liabilities, accounts receivable, and inventory. Decreases in other liabilities used cash of $15.3 million primarily related to incentive compensation payments. Increases in accounts receivable used cash of $8.0 million mostly due to the timing of payments and purchases of inventory used cash of $6.7 million. These uses of cash were offset in part by cash provided by an increase in accounts payable of $15.0 million related to inventory purchases and the timing of payments.
Significant cash outflows associated with working capital in the first quarter of 2023 related to inventory. Increases in inventory used cash of $14.0 million primarily related to capital equipment orders that shipped throughout 2023. This use of cash was offset in part by $11.1 million of cash provided by customer deposits.
Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities was $237.3 million in the first quarter of 2024, compared with $4.5 million in the first quarter of 2023. Consideration paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired, was $232.3 million in the first quarter of 2024. Additionally, cash used in investing activities included capital expenditures of $6.3 million in the first quarter of 2024 and $4.5 million in the first quarter of 2023.
Financing Activities
Cash provided by financing activities was $192.9 million in the first quarter of 2024, compared with cash used in financing activities of $27.8 million in the first quarter of 2023. Borrowings under our revolving credit facility were $234.0 million in 2024, including $230.0 million to fund acquisitions. Repayments of short- and long-term obligations were $33.5 million in 2024 compared to $20.8 million in 2023. Cash dividends paid to stockholders were $3.4 million in 2024 and $3.0 million in 2023. In addition, taxes paid related to the vesting of equity awards were $5.9 million in 2024 compared to $3.9 million in 2023.
Exchange Rate Effect on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
The exchange rate effect on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash represents the impact of translation of cash balances at our foreign subsidiaries. The $2.3 million decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the first quarter of 2024 related to exchange rates was primarily attributable to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the euro, the Canadian dollar, the Chinese renminbi and Swedish krona. The $1.1 million increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the first quarter of 2023 was primarily attributable to the weakening of the U.S. dollar against the euro, and to a lesser extent, the Mexican peso and the Chinese renminbi.
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Borrowing Capacity and Debt Obligations
Our unsecured multi-currency revolving credit facility originally entered into on March 1, 2017 (as amended and restated to date, the Credit Agreement) matures on November 30, 2027 and has a total borrowing capacity of $400.0 million.
In the first quarter of 2024, we borrowed $234.0 million under our revolving credit facility, which was primarily used to fund our acquisitions of Key Knife and KWS, and will result in significantly higher interest payments in 2024 compared to 2023.
As of March 30, 2024, our outstanding balance under the Credit Agreement was $297.9 million, which included $73.9 million of euro-denominated borrowings, and we had $101.7 million of available borrowing capacity, in addition to a $200.0 million uncommitted, unsecured incremental borrowing facility. Under our debt agreements, our leverage ratio must be less than 3.75 or, if we elect, for the quarter during which a material acquisition occurs and for the three fiscal quarters thereafter, must be less than 4.25. As of March 30, 2024, our leverage ratio was 1.12 and we were in compliance with our debt covenants. See Note 6, Long-Term Obligations, in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our debt obligations.
Additional Liquidity and Capital Resources
On May 18, 2023, our board of directors approved the repurchase of up to $50.0 million of our equity securities during the period from May 18, 2023 to May 18, 2024. We have not repurchased any shares of our common stock under this authorization.
We paid cash dividends of $3.4 million in the first quarter of 2024. On March 6, 2024, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.32 per share totaling $3.8 million that was paid on May 8, 2024. Future declarations of dividends are subject to our board of directors' approval and may be adjusted as business needs or market conditions change. The declaration of cash dividends is subject to our compliance with the covenant in our Credit Agreement related to our consolidated leverage ratio.
We plan to make expenditures of approximately $23.0 to $25.0 million during the remainder of 2024 for property, plant, and equipment.
As of March 30, 2024, we had approximately $270.8 million of total unremitted foreign earnings. It is our intent to indefinitely reinvest $205.0 million of these earnings to support the current and future capital needs of our foreign operations, including debt repayments, if any. In the first quarter of 2024, we recorded withholding taxes on the earnings in certain foreign subsidiaries that we plan to repatriate in the foreseeable future. The foreign withholding taxes that would be required if we were to remit the indefinitely-reinvested foreign earnings to the United States would be approximately $3.4 million.
We believe that existing cash and cash equivalents, along with future cash generated from operations, our existing borrowing capacity, and continued access to debt markets, will be sufficient to meet the capital requirements of our operations for the next 12 months and the foreseeable future.
Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Our critical accounting policies are defined as those that entail significant judgments and uncertainties, and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis based on historical experience, current economic and market conditions, and other assumptions management believes are reasonable. We believe that our most critical accounting policies which are significant to our consolidated financial statements, and which involve the most complex or subjective decisions or assessments, are those described in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under the heading Application of Critical Accounting Estimates in Part II, Item 7, of our Annual Report. There have been no material changes to these critical accounting policies since the end of fiscal 2023 that warrant disclosure.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1, under the heading Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted, in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for details.
Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our exposure to market risk from changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates has not changed materially from our exposure as disclosed in Part II, Item 7A, of our Annual Report.
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Item 4 – Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 30, 2024. The term "disclosure controls and procedures," as defined in Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based upon the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 30, 2024, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of March 30, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) during the fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A – Risk Factors
Careful consideration should be given to the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results, in addition to the information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 5 – Other Information
Director and Officer Trading Arrangements
None of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or adopted or terminated a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K) during the quarter ended March 30, 2024.
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Item 6 – Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  |
| Description of Exhibit
31.1 |  | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer of the Registrant Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2 |  | Certification of the Principal Financial Officer of the Registrant Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| KADANT INC.
Date: May 8, 2024 | /s/ Michael J. McKenney
| Michael J. McKenney
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
| (Principal Financial Officer)

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