10-K/A 1 rnst1231201610ka.htm 10-K/A
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K/A
AMENDMENT NO. 1
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016
Commission file number 001-13253

RENASANT CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Mississippi |  | 64-0676974
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
209 Troy Street, Tupelo, Mississippi |  | 38804-4827
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code |  | (662) 680-1001
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: |  |
Title of each class |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $5.00 par value |  | The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | þ | Accelerated filer | ¨
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ¨ No þ
As of June 30, 2016, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock, $5.00 par value per share, held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the last sale price as reported on The NASDAQ Global Select Market for such date, was $1,306,566,806.
As of February 23, 2017, 44,356,461 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $5.00 par value per share, were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Renasant Corporation are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

EXPLANATORY NOTE
On February 27, 2017, Renasant Corporation (the “Company”) filed its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (the “Original Filing”), but the Original Filing inadvertently consisted only of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, except that the XBRL information attached to the Original Filing was correct. This Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A (this “Amendment”) amends and restates in its entirety the Original Filing, including the exhibits thereto, and includes the audited consolidated financial statements, notes to consolidated financial statements as well as other information for the period ending December 31, 2016 and 2015.

Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Form 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
CONTENTS

PART I | Page
Item 1. | Business | 1
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 20
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 31
Item 2. | Properties | 31
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 31
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 31
PART II |
Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 32
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data | 34
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 35
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 69
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 69
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 150
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 150
Item 9B. | Other Information | 150
PART III |
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 150
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 151
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 151
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 152
Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 152
PART IV |
Item 15. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules | 153

Table of Contents
PART I
This Annual Report on Form 10-K may contain or incorporate by reference statements which may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Prospective investors are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties and that actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. Important factors currently known to management that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements include those risks identified in Item 1A, Risk Factors, of this Form 10-K as well as significant fluctuations in interest rates, inflation, economic recession, significant changes in the federal and state legal and regulatory environment, significant underperformance in our portfolio of outstanding loans and competition in our markets. We undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results over time.
The information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is as of February 23, 2017, unless otherwise indicated herein.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General
Renasant Corporation (referred to herein as the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us”), a Mississippi corporation incorporated in 1982, owns and operates Renasant Bank, a Mississippi banking corporation with operations in Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Florida and Georgia, and Renasant Insurance, Inc., a Mississippi corporation with operations in Mississippi. Renasant Insurance, Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Renasant Bank. Renasant Bank is referred to herein as the “Bank” and Renasant Insurance, Inc. is referred to herein as “Renasant Insurance.”
Our vision is to be the financial services advisor and provider of choice in each community we serve. With this vision in mind, management has organized the branch banks into community banks using a franchise concept. The franchise approach empowers community bank presidents to execute their own business plans in order to achieve our vision. Specific performance measurement tools are available to assist these presidents in determining the success of their plan implementation. A few of the ratios used in measuring the success of their business plan include:

| — | return on average assets | — | net interest margin and spread
| — | the efficiency ratio | — | fee income shown as a percentage of loans and deposits
| — | loan and deposit growth | — | the volume and pricing of deposits
| — | net charge-offs to average loans | — | the percentage of loans past due and nonaccruing

While we have preserved decision-making at a local level, we have centralized our legal, accounting, investment, risk management, loan review, human resources, audit and data processing/operations functions. The centralization of these functions enables us to maintain consistent quality and achieve certain economies of scale.
Our vision is further validated through our core values. These values include (1) employees are our greatest assets, (2) quality is not negotiable and (3) clients’ trust is foremost. Centered on these values was the development of five different objectives that are the focal point of our strategic plan. Those objectives include: (1) client satisfaction and development, (2) financial soundness and profitability, (3) growth, (4) employee satisfaction and development and (5) shareholder satisfaction and development.
Members of our Board of Directors also serve as members of the Board of Directors of the Bank. Responsibility for the management of our Bank remains with the Board of Directors and officers of the Bank; however, management services rendered by the Company to the Bank are intended to supplement internal management and expand the scope of banking services normally offered by the Bank.
Proposed Acquisition of Metropolitan BancGroup, Inc.
On January 17, 2017, the Company and Metropolitan BancGroup, Inc. (“Metropolitan”), the parent company of Metropolitan Bank, jointly announced the signing of a definitive merger agreement pursuant to which the Company will acquire Metropolitan in an all-stock merger in a transaction valued at approximately $190.2 million. Metropolitan operates eight offices in Nashville and Memphis, Tennessee and the Jackson, MS MSA. As of December 31, 2016, Metropolitan had approximately $1.2 billion in total assets, which included approximately $917.6 million in total loans, and approximately $887.6 million in total deposits.
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Under the terms of the merger agreement, Metropolitan will be merged with and into us, and we will be the surviving corporation. Immediately after this merger, Metropolitan Bank will merge with and into Renasant Bank, with Renasant Bank continuing as the surviving banking corporation. The acquisition is expected to close in the third quarter of 2017 and is subject to regulatory approval, Metropolitan shareholder approval, and other customary conditions set forth in the merger agreement. According to the terms of the merger agreement, each Metropolitan common shareholder will have the right to receive 0.6066 shares of Renasant common stock for each share of Metropolitan common stock, and the merger is expected to qualify as a tax-free reorganization for Metropolitan shareholders.
Acquisition of KeyWorth Bank
On April 1, 2016, the Company completed its acquisition by merger of KeyWorth Bank, a Georgia banking corporation (“KeyWorth”). On the same date, KeyWorth merged with and into Renasant Bank. On the closing date of the acquisition, KeyWorth operated six banking locations in the Atlanta metropolitan area. The Company issued 1,680,021 shares of its common stock and paid $3.6 million to KeyWorth stock option and warrant holders for 100% of the voting equity interest in KeyWorth in a transaction valued at $58.9 million. Including the effect of purchase accounting adjustments, the Company acquired assets with a fair value of $415.2 million, which includes loans with a fair value of $272.3 million, and assumed liabilities with a fair value of $359.9 million, including deposits with a fair value of $349.0 million. At the acquisition date, approximately $20.6 million of goodwill and $2.0 million of core deposit intangible assets were recorded.
Acquisition of Heritage Financial Group, Inc.
On July 1, 2015, the Company completed its acquisition by merger of Heritage Financial Group, Inc. (“Heritage”), a bank holding company headquartered in Albany, Georgia, and the parent of HeritageBank of the South, a Georgia savings bank (“HeritageBank”). On the same date, HeritageBank merged with and into Renasant Bank. On the closing date of the acquisition, Heritage operated 48 banking, mortgage and investment offices in Alabama, Georgia and Florida. The Company issued 8,635,879 shares of its common stock and paid $5.9 million to Heritage stock option holders for 100% of the voting equity interest in Heritage in a transaction valued at $295.4 million. Including the effect of purchase accounting adjustments, the Company acquired assets with a fair value of $2.0 billion, which includes loans held for investment and loans held for sale with a fair value of $1.5 billion, and assumed liabilities with a fair value of $1.7 billion, including deposits with a fair value of $1.4 billion. At the acquisition date, approximately $175.2 million of goodwill and $12.3 million of core deposit intangible assets were recorded.
Termination of loss share agreements
On December 8, 2016, the Bank entered into an agreement with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) that terminated all of the Bank’s loss share agreements, resulting in a payment by us to the FDIC of $4.8 million. All rights and obligations of the parties under these loss share agreements, including the claw-back provisions, terminated effective December 8, 2016. As a result, all recoveries, gains, charge-offs, losses and expenses related to assets previously covered under loss share are recognized entirely by the Bank going forward. Notwithstanding the termination of loss share with the FDIC, the terms of the purchase and assumption agreements for each of these FDIC assisted acquisitions continue to require the FDIC to indemnify us against certain claims, including claims with respect to assets, liabilities or any affiliate not acquired or otherwise assumed by the Bank and with respect to claims based on any action by directors, officers or employees of the relevant failed financial institutions.
Operations
The Company has three reportable segments: a Community Banks segment, an Insurance segment and a Wealth Management segment. Financial information about our segments for each of the last three years, including information with respect to revenues from external customers, profit or loss and total assets, is contained in Note 25, “Segment Reporting,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Neither we nor the Bank have any foreign operations.
Operations of Community Banks
Substantially all of our business activities are conducted through, and substantially all of our assets and revenues are derived from, the operations of our community banks, which offer a complete range of banking and financial services to individuals and to small to medium-size businesses. These services include checking and savings accounts, business and personal loans, interim construction loans, equipment leasing, accounts receivable financing, as well as safe deposit and night depository facilities. Automated teller machines are located throughout our market area. Our Online and Mobile Banking products and our call center also provide 24-hour banking services.
As of December 31, 2016, we had 170 banking, insurance and financial services offices located throughout our markets in Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Florida and Georgia.
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Lending Activities. Income generated by our lending activities, in the form of both interest income and loan-related fees, comprises a substantial portion of our revenue, accounting for approximately 67.92%, 63.88% and 66.05% of our total gross revenues in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Total gross revenues consist of interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis and noninterest income. Our lending philosophy is to minimize credit losses by following strict credit approval standards, diversifying our loan portfolio by both type and geography and conducting ongoing review and management of the loan portfolio. Loans are originated through our traditional community banking model based on customer need. Customers needs are met either through our commercial or personal banking lending groups depending on the relationship and type of service or product desired. Our commercial lending group provides banking services to corporations or other business customers and originates loans for general corporate purposes, such as financing for commercial and industrial projects or income producing commercial real estate. Also included in our commercial lending group are experienced lenders within our specialty lines of business, which consist of our asset-based lending, healthcare, factoring, and equipment lease financing banking groups as well as loans meeting the criteria to be guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”). Our personal banking group provides small consumer installment loans, real estate loans, lines of credit, constructions financing and originates conventional first and second mortgages.
The following is a description of each of the principal types of loans in our loan portfolio, the relative risk of each type of loan and the steps we take to reduce credit risk. A further discussion of our risk reduction policies and procedures can be found in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, under the heading “Risk Management – Credit Risk and Allowance for Loan Losses.” Our loans are primarily generated within the market areas where our branches are located.
— Commercial, Financial and Agricultural Loans. Commercial, financial and agricultural loans (referred to as “commercial loans”), which accounted for approximately 11.57% of our total loans at December 31, 2016, are customarily granted to established local business customers in our market area on a fully collateralized basis to meet their credit needs. The terms and loan structure are dependent on the collateral and strength of the borrower. The loan-to-value ratios range from 50% to 85%, depending on the type of collateral. Terms are typically short term in nature and are commensurate with the secondary source of repayment that serves as our collateral.
Commercial lending generally involves different risks from those associated with commercial real estate lending or construction lending. Although commercial loans may be collateralized by equipment or other business assets, the repayment of these types of loans depends primarily on the creditworthiness and projected cash flow of the borrower (and any guarantors). Thus, the general business conditions of the local economy and the local business borrower’s ability to sell its products and services, thereby generating sufficient operating revenue to repay us under the agreed upon terms and conditions, are the chief considerations when assessing the risk of a commercial loan. The liquidation of collateral is considered a secondary source of repayment. Another source of repayment are guarantors of the loan, if any. To manage these risks, the Bank’s policy is to secure its commercial loans with both the assets of the borrowing business and any other additional collateral and guarantees that may be available. In addition, we actively monitor certain financial measures of the borrower, including advance rate, cash flow, collateral value and other appropriate credit factors. We use commercial loan credit scoring models for smaller level commercial loans.
— Equipment Financing and Leasing. Equipment financing loans (or “lease financing loans”), which represented approximately 0.75% of our total loans at December 31, 2016, are granted to provide capital to businesses for commercial equipment needs. These loans are generally granted for periods ranging between two and five years at fixed rates of interest. Loss or decline of income by the borrower due to unplanned occurrences represents the primary risk of default to us. In the event of default, a shortfall in the value of the collateral may pose a loss to us in this loan category. We obtain a lien against the collateral securing the loan and hold title (if applicable) until the loan is repaid in full. Transportation, manufacturing, healthcare, material handling, printing and construction are the industries that typically obtain lease financing. In addition, we offer a product tailored to qualified not-for-profit customers that provides real estate financing at tax-exempt rates.
— Real Estate – 1-4 Family Mortgage. We are active in the real estate – 1-4 family mortgage area (referred to as “residential real estate loans”), with approximately 30.28% of our total loans at December 31, 2016, being residential real estate loans. We offer both first and second mortgages on residential real estate. Loans secured by residential real estate in which the property is the principal residence of the borrower are referred to as “primary” 1-4 family mortgages. Loans secured by residential real estate in which the property is rented to tenants or is not the principal residence of the borrower are referred to as “rental/investment” 1-4 family mortgages. We also offer loans for the preparation of residential real property prior to construction (referred to in this Annual Report as “residential land development loans”). In addition, we offer home equity lines of credit and term loans secured by first and second mortgages on the residences of borrowers for purchases, refinances, home improvements, education and other personal expenditures. Both fixed and variable rate loans are offered with competitive terms and fees. Originations of residential real estate loans are generated through either retail efforts in our branches or through loans either originated by or referred by our mortgage operations. We attempt to minimize the risk associated with residential real estate loans by strictly scrutinizing the financial condition of the borrower; typically, we also limit the maximum loan-to-value ratio.
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We retain residential real estate loans for our portfolio when the Bank has sufficient liquidity to fund the needs of established customers and when rates are favorable to retain the loans. Retained portfolio loans are made primarily through the Bank’s -adjustable-rate mortgage product offerings.
We also originate residential real estate loans with the intention of selling them in the secondary market to third party private investors or directly to government sponsored agencies. These loans are collateralized by one-to-four family residential real estate. When these loans are sold, we either release or retain the related servicing rights, depending on a number of factors including the pricing of such loans in the secondary market, fluctuations in interest rates that would impact the profitability of the loans, as well as other market-related conditions. Residential real estate originations to be sold are sold either on a “best efforts” basis or under a “mandatory delivery” sales agreement. Under a “best efforts” sales agreement, residential real estate originations are locked in at a contractual rate with third party private investors or directly with state government sponsored agencies, and we are obligated to sell the mortgages to such investors only if the mortgages are closed and funded. The risk we assume is conditioned upon loan underwriting and market conditions in the national mortgage market. Under a “mandatory delivery” sales agreement, the Company commits to deliver a certain principal amount of mortgage loans to an investor at a specified price and delivery date. Penalties are paid to the investor if we fail to satisfy the contract. The Company does not actively market or originate subprime mortgage loans.
We also offer home equity loans or lines of credit as an option to borrowers who elect to utilize the accumulated equity in their homes by borrowing money through either a first or second lien home equity loan or line of credit. We limit our exposure to second lien home equity loans or lines of credit, which inherently carry a higher risk of loss upon default, by limiting these types of loans to borrowers with high credit scores.
— Real Estate – Commercial Mortgage. Our real estate – commercial mortgage loans (“commercial real estate loans”) represented approximately 46.74% of our total loans at December 31, 2016. Included in this portfolio are loans in which the owner develops a property with the intention of locating its business there. These loans are referred to as “owner-occupied” commercial real estate loans. Payments on these loans are dependent on the successful development and management of the business as well as the borrower’s ability to generate sufficient operating revenue to repay the loan. If our estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, the Bank must mitigate that risk by having sufficient sources of secondary repayment as well as guarantor support. In some instances, in addition to our mortgage on the underlying real estate of the business, our commercial real estate loans are secured by other non-real estate collateral, such as equipment or other assets used in the course of business.
In addition to owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, we offer loans in which the owner develops a property where the source of repayment of the loan will come from the sale or lease of the developed property, for example, retail shopping centers, hotels, storage facilities, etc. These loans are referred to as “non-owner occupied” commercial real estate loans. We also offer commercial real estate loans to developers of commercial properties for purposes of site acquisition and preparation and other development prior to actual construction (referred to in this Annual Report as “commercial land development loans”). Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans and commercial land development loans are dependent on the successful completion of the project and may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy as a whole.
We seek to minimize risks relating to all commercial real estate loans by limiting the maximum loan-to-value ratio and strictly scrutinizing the financial condition of the borrower, the quality of the collateral, the management of the property securing the loan and, where applicable, the financial strength of the tenant occupying the property. Loans are usually structured either to fully amortize over the term of the loan or to balloon after the third year or fifth year of the loan, typically with an amortization period not to exceed 20 years. We also actively monitor such financial measures as advance rate, cash flow, collateral value and other appropriate credit factors. We generally obtain loan guarantees from financially capable parties to the transaction based on a review of the guarantor’s financial statements.
— Real Estate – Construction. Our real estate – construction loans (“construction loans”) represented approximately 8.91% of our total loans at December 31, 2016. Our construction loan portfolio consists of loans for the construction of single family residential properties, multi-family properties and commercial projects. Maturities for construction loans generally range from 9 to 12 months for residential property and from 12 to 24 months for non-residential and multi-family properties. Construction lending entails significant additional risks compared to residential real estate or commercial real estate lending, including the risk that loan funds are advanced upon the security of the property under construction, which is of uncertain value prior to the completion of construction. The risk is to evaluate accurately the total loan funds required to complete a project and to ensure proper loan-to-value ratios during the construction phase. We address the risks associated with construction lending in a number of ways. As a threshold matter, we limit loan-to-value ratios to 85% of when-completed appraised values for owner-occupied and investor-owned residential or commercial properties. We monitor draw requests either internally or with the assistance of a third party, creating an additional safeguard that ensures advances are in line with project budgets.
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— Installment Loans to Individuals. Installment loans to individuals (or “consumer loans”), which represented approximately 1.75% of our total loans at December 31, 2016, are granted to individuals for the purchase of personal goods. Loss or decline of income by the borrower due to unplanned occurrences represents the primary risk of default to us. In the event of default, a shortfall in the value of the collateral may pose a loss to us in this loan category. Before granting a consumer loan, we assess the applicant’s credit history and ability to meet existing and proposed debt obligations. Although the applicant’s creditworthiness is the primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes a comparison of the value of the collateral, if any, to the proposed loan amount. We obtain a lien against the collateral securing the loan and hold title until the loan is repaid in full.
To protect against the risks associated with fluctuations in economic conditions within the Bank’s footprint, management has implemented a strategy to proactively monitor the risk to the Company presented by the Bank’s loan portfolio as a whole. First, we purposefully manage the loan portfolio to avoid excessive concentrations in any particular loan category. Our goal is to structure the loan portfolio so that it is comprised of approximately one-third commercial loans and owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, one-third non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans and one-third residential real estate loans and consumer loans. Construction and land development loans are allocated between the commercial real estate and residential real estate categories based on the property securing the loan. With respect to construction and land development loans in particular, management monitors whether the allocation of these loans across geography and asset type heightens the general risk associated with these types of loans. We also monitor concentrations in our construction and land development loans based on regulatory guidelines promulgated by banking regulators which include evaluating the aggregate value of these loans as a percentage of our risk-based capital as well as monitoring loans considered to be high volatility commercial real estate.
Deposit Services. We offer a broad range of deposit services and products to our consumer and commercial clients. Through our community branch networks, we offer consumer checking accounts with free online and mobile banking, which includes bill pay and transfer features, interest bearing checking, money market accounts, savings accounts, certificates of deposit, individual retirement accounts and health savings accounts.
For our commercial clients, we offer a competitive suite of cash management products which include, but are not limited to, remote deposit capture, account reconciliation with CD-ROM statements, electronic statements, positive pay, ACH origination and wire transfer, wholesale and retail lockbox, investment sweep accounts, enhanced business Internet banking, outbound data exchange and multi-bank reporting.
The deposit services we offer accounted for approximately 10.78%, 12.16% and 13.00% of our total gross revenues in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, in the form of fees for deposit services. The deposits held by our Bank have been primarily generated within the market areas where our branches are located.
Operations of Wealth Management
Through the Wealth Management segment, we offer a wide variety of fiduciary services and administer (as trustee or in other fiduciary or representative capacities) qualified retirement plans, profit sharing and other employee benefit plans, personal trusts and estates. In addition, the Wealth Management segment offers annuities, mutual funds and other investment services through a third party broker-dealer. For 2016, the Wealth Management segment contributed total revenue of $14.2 million, or 3.00%, of the Company’s total gross revenues. Wealth Management operations are headquartered in Tupelo, Mississippi, and Birmingham, Alabama, but our products and services are available to customers in all of our markets through our community banks.
Operations of Insurance
Renasant Insurance is a full-service insurance agency offering all lines of commercial and personal insurance through major carriers. For 2016, Renasant Insurance contributed total revenue of $10.4 million, or 2.20%, of the Company’s total gross revenues and operated ten offices - one office each in Ackerman, Brandon, Corinth, Durant, Kosciusko, Louisville, Madison, Oxford, Starkville and Tupelo, Mississippi.
Competition
Community Banks
Vigorous competition exists in all major product and geographic areas in which we conduct banking business. We compete through our Bank for available loans and deposits with state, regional and national banks in all of our service areas, as well as savings and loan associations, credit unions, finance companies, mortgage companies, insurance companies, brokerage firms and investment companies. All of these numerous institutions compete in the delivery of services and products through availability, quality and pricing, and many of our competitors are larger and have substantially greater resources than we do, including higher total assets and capitalization, greater access to capital markets and a broader offering of financial services.
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Certain markets in which we operate have demographics which we believe indicate the possibility of future growth at higher rates than other markets in which we operate. The following table shows our deposit share in those markets as of June 30, 2016 (which is the latest date that such information is available):

Market |  | Available Deposits (in billions) |  | Deposit Share
Mississippi |  |  |  |
Tupelo |  | $ | 2.0 |  |  | 41.5 | %
DeSoto County |  | 2.3 |  |  | 7.7 | %
Oxford |  | 1.1 |  |  | 10.9 | %
Columbus |  | 1.0 |  |  | 9.0 | %
Starkville |  | 0.9 |  |  | 26.4 | %
Jackson |  | 11.9 |  |  | 3.0 | %
Tennessee |  |  |  |
Memphis |  | 22.9 |  |  | 1.2 | %
Nashville |  | 41.0 |  |  | 1.1 | %
Maryville |  | 1.9 |  |  | 2.4 | %
Alabama |  |  |  |
Birmingham |  | 34.7 |  |  | 0.7 | %
Decatur |  | 1.8 |  |  | 17.3 | %
Huntsville/Madison |  | 6.8 |  |  | 1.5 | %
Montgomery |  | 6.3 |  |  | 1.0 | %
Tuscaloosa |  | 3.2 |  |  | 0.9 | %
Florida |  |  |  |
Columbia |  | 0.9 |  |  | 2.5 | %
Gainesville |  | 3.6 |  |  | 1.9 | %
Ocala |  | 4.6 |  |  | 2.5 | %
Georgia |  |  |  |
Alpharetta/Roswell |  | 7.9 |  |  | 2.3 | %
Canton/Woodstock |  | 2.7 |  |  | 5.0 | %
Cartersville/Cumming |  | 3.5 |  |  | 4.4 | %
Gwinnett |  | 14.7 |  |  | 0.9 | %
Lowndes |  | 1.8 |  |  | 2.2 | %

Source: FDIC, As of June 30, 2016
For 2016, we maintained approximately 11% of the market share (deposit base) in our entire Mississippi area, approximately 1% in our entire Tennessee area, approximately 2% in our entire Alabama area, approximately 2% in our entire Florida area and approximately 1% in our entire Georgia area.
Wealth Management
Our Wealth Management segment competes with other banks, brokerage firms, financial advisers and trust companies, which provide one or more of the services and products that we offer. Our wealth management operations compete on the basis of available product lines, rates and fees, as well as reputation and professional expertise. No particular company or group of companies dominates this industry.
Insurance
We encounter strong competition in the markets in which we conduct insurance operations. Through our insurance subsidiary, we compete with independent insurance agencies and agencies affiliated with other banks and/or other insurance carriers. All of these agencies compete in the delivery of personal and commercial product lines. There is no dominant insurance agency in our markets.
Supervision and Regulation
General
The U.S. banking industry is highly regulated under federal and state law. We are a bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHC Act”). As a result, we are subject to supervision, regulation and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). The Bank is a commercial bank chartered under the laws of the State of Mississippi; it is not a member of the Federal Reserve System. As a Mississippi bank, the
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Bank is subject to supervision, regulation and examination by the Mississippi Department of Banking and Consumer Finance, as the chartering entity of the bank, and by the FDIC, as the insurer of the Bank’s deposits. As a result of this extensive system of supervision and regulation, the growth and earnings performance of the Company and the Bank are affected not only by management decisions and general and local economic conditions, but also by the statutes, rules, regulations and policies administered by the Federal Reserve, the FDIC and the Mississippi Department of Banking and Consumer Finance, as well as by other federal and state regulatory authorities with jurisdiction over our operations.
The bank regulatory scheme has two primary goals: to maintain a safe and sound banking system and to facilitate the conduct of sound monetary policy. This comprehensive system of supervision and regulation is intended primarily for the protection of the FDIC’s deposit insurance fund, banks depositors and the public, rather than our shareholders or creditors. To this end, federal and state banking laws and regulations control, among other things, the types of activities in which we and the Bank may engage, permissible investments, the level of reserves that the Bank must maintain against deposits, minimum equity capital levels, the nature and amount of collateral required for loans, maximum interest rates that can be charged, the manner and amount of the dividends that may be paid, and corporate activities regarding mergers, acquisitions and the establishment of branch offices.
The description below summarizes certain elements of the bank regulatory framework applicable to us and the Bank. This summary is not, however, intended to describe all laws, regulations and policies applicable to us and the Bank, and the description is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the statutes, regulations, policies, interpretative letters and other written guidance that are described below.
Dodd-Frank Act
On July 21, 2010, President Obama signed into law the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). The Dodd-Frank Act imposed new restrictions and an expanded regulatory oversight for financial institutions, including depository institutions like the Bank. Although the Dodd-Frank Act is primarily aimed at the activities of investment banks and large commercial banks, many of the provisions of the legislation will impact operations of community banks such as the Bank. In addition to the Volcker Rule and the Durbin Amendment, each of which are discussed in more detail below, the following aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act are related to our operations:

- | The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) was established as an independent bureau within the Federal Reserve. The CFPB has broad regulatory, supervisory and enforcement authority with respect to the offering and provision of consumer financial products and services under federal consumer protection laws by banks and thrifts with greater than $10 billion in assets. Since our assets are currently below this threshold, the Bank remains subject only to the supervision and enforcement of the FDIC with respect to the federal consumer financial protection laws. When and if we exceed $10 billion in assets, we will become subject to the CFPB’s authority, and it has established a reputation for aggressive enforcement of the federal consumer protection laws.
- | Tier 1 capital treatment for “hybrid” capital items like trust preferred securities is eliminated, subject to various grandfathering and transition rules.
- | The deposit insurance assessment base calculation now equals the depository institution’s average consolidated total assets minus its average tangible equity during the assessment period. Previously, the deposit insurance assessment was calculated based on the insured deposits held by the institution.
- | The minimum designated reserve ratio of the Deposit Insurance Fund increased 20 basis points to 1.35% of estimated annual insured deposits or assessment base. The FDIC also was directed to “offset the effect” of the increased reserve ratio for insured depository institutions with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion. This means that institutions with greater than $10 billion in assets primarily bear the increase in deposit insurance premiums.
- | Bank holding companies and banks must be “well capitalized” and “well managed” in order to acquire banks located outside of their home state, which codified long-standing Federal Reserve policy. Any bank holding company electing to be treated as a financial holding company must be and remain “well capitalized” and “well managed.”
- | Capital requirements for insured depository institutions are now countercyclical, such that capital requirements increase in times of economic expansion and decrease in times of economic contraction.
- | The regulation of consumer protections regarding mortgage originations, including originator compensation, minimum repayment standards and prepayment consideration, has been expanded.
- | The “opt in” provisions of the Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1997 have been eliminated, which allows state banks to establish de novo branches in states other than the bank’s home state if the law of such other state would permit a bank chartered in that state to open a branch at that location.

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The foregoing provisions may have the consequence of increasing our expenses, decreasing our revenues and changing the activities in which we choose to engage, especially if we grow beyond $10 billion in assets and are required to comply with the additional requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act applicable to banks and bank holding companies with at least that level of total assets. The environment in which banking organizations will now operate, including legislative and regulatory changes affecting capital, liquidity, supervision, permissible activities, corporate governance and compensation, changes in fiscal policy and steps to eliminate government support for banking organizations, may have long-term effects on the profitability of banking organizations that cannot now be foreseen. Provisions in the legislation that revoke the Tier 1 capital treatment of trust preferred securities do not apply to the Company’s trust preferred securities because of the Company’s size. The ultimate effect of the Dodd-Frank Act and its implementing regulations on the financial services industry in general, and on us in particular, is uncertain at this time.
Supervision and Regulation of Renasant Corporation
General. As a bank holding company registered under the BHC Act, we are subject to the regulation and supervision applicable to bank holding companies by the Federal Reserve. The BHC Act and other federal laws subject bank holding companies to particular restrictions on the types of activities in which they may engage and to a range of supervisory requirements and activities, including regulatory enforcement actions for violations of laws and regulations. The Federal Reserve’s jurisdiction also extends to any company that we directly or indirectly control, such as any non-bank subsidiaries and other companies in which we own a controlling investment.
Scope of Permissible Activities. Under the BHC Act, we are prohibited from acquiring a direct or indirect interest in or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any company that is not a bank or financial holding company and from engaging directly or indirectly in activities other than those of banking, managing or controlling banks or furnishing services to or performing services for our subsidiary banks. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we may engage, directly or indirectly (including through the ownership of shares of another company), in certain activities that the Federal Reserve has found to be so closely related to banking or managing and controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. These activities include, among others, operating a mortgage, finance, credit card or factoring company; providing certain data processing, storage and transmission services; acting as an investment or financial advisor; acting as an insurance agent for certain types of credit-related insurance; leasing personal or real property on a nonoperating basis; and providing certain stock brokerage.
The BHC Act was substantially amended through the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999, commonly referred to as the Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (the “GLB Act”). The GLB Act eliminated the barriers to affiliations among banks, securities firms, insurance companies and other financial services providers. A bank holding company whose subsidiary deposit institutions are “well capitalized” and “well managed” may elect to become a “financial holding company” (“FHC”) and thereby engage without prior Federal Reserve approval in certain banking and non-banking activities that are deemed to be financial in nature or incidental to financial activity. These “financial in nature” activities include securities underwriting, dealing and market making; organizing, sponsoring and managing mutual funds; insurance underwriting and agency; merchant banking activities; and other activities that the Federal Reserve has determined to be closely related to banking. No regulatory approval will be required for a financial holding company to acquire a company, other than a bank or savings association, engaged in activities that are financial in nature or incidental to activities that are financial in nature, as determined by the Federal Reserve. We have not elected to become an FHC.
A dominant theme of the GLB Act is functional regulation of financial services, with the primary regulator of the Company or its subsidiaries being the agency which traditionally regulates the activity in which the Company or its subsidiaries wish to engage. For example, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) will regulate bank holding company securities transactions, and the various banking regulators will oversee banking activities.
Capital Adequacy Guidelines. The Federal Reserve has adopted risk-based capital guidelines for bank holding companies. The risk-based capital guidelines are designed to make regulatory capital requirements more sensitive to differences in risk profile among banks and bank holding companies to factor off-balance sheet exposure into the assessment of capital adequacy, to minimize disincentives for holding liquid, low-risk assets and to achieve greater consistency in the evaluation of the capital adequacy of major banking organizations worldwide. Under these guidelines, assets and off-balance sheet items are assigned to broad risk categories, each with appropriate weights. The resulting capital ratios represent capital as a percentage of total risk-weighted assets and off-balance sheet items. These requirements apply on a consolidated basis to bank holding companies with consolidated assets of $500 million, such as the Company.
In addition to the risk-based capital guidelines, the Federal Reserve has adopted a minimum Tier 1 capital (leverage) ratio, under which a bank holding company must maintain a minimum level of Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets of at least 4%.
These capital requirements are substantially similar to those imposed on the Bank under FDIC regulations and described in more detail below under the heading “Supervision and Regulation of Renasant Bank - Capital Adequacy Guidelines.”
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Payment of Dividends; Source of Strength; Stress Testing. The Federal Reserve has issued a policy statement regarding the payment of dividends by bank holding companies. This policy provides that in general a bank holding company should pay dividends only when (1) its net income available to shareholders over the last four quarters (net of dividends paid) has been sufficient to fully fund the dividends, (2) the prospective rate of earnings retention appears to be consistent with the capital needs and overall current and prospective financial condition of the bank holding company and its subsidiaries and (3) the bank holding company will continue to meet minimum regulatory capital adequacy ratios.
After the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act (which codified long-standing Federal Reserve policy), a bank holding company is required to serve as a source of financial strength to its subsidiary banks. This means that we are expected to use available resources to provide adequate resources to the Bank, including during periods of financial stress or adversity, and to maintain the financial flexibility and capital-raising capacity to obtain additional resources for assisting the Bank where necessary. In addition, any capital loans that we make to the Bank are subordinate in right of payment to deposits and to certain other indebtedness of the Bank. In the event of our bankruptcy, any commitment by us to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of the Bank will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to a priority of payment.
In October 2012, as required by the Dodd-Frank Act, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC published final rules regarding company-run stress testing. These rules apply only to bank holding companies and banks with average total consolidated assets greater than $10 billion, so they are not yet applicable to the Company or the Bank. When and if we exceed $10 billion in consolidated assets, we will be annually required to conduct annual stress tests to ensure we have sufficient capital during periods of economic downturn. The Federal Reserve and FDIC release stress-test scenarios on February 15 of each year, and banking organizations are required to submit the results of their tests to the appropriate regulator by July 31. The results of each year’s stress tests are publicly disclosed following each banking organization’s submission. When and if we are required to conduct stress testing, we expect that banking regulators will consider the results of this testing an important factor in evaluating our and the Bank’s capital adequacy, especially when reviewing any proposed acquisitions and in determining whether any proposed dividends or stock repurchases by us may be an unsafe or unsound practice.
A bank with total assets over $10 billion is obligated to conduct stress testing when its most recent four-quarter average consolidated total assets exceeds $10 billion. If the bank becomes subject to stress testing prior to March 31 of any year, it will be required to conduct its first annual stress test in the next calendar year; if the bank becomes subject to stress testing after March 31, it must conduct its first annual stress test in the second calendar year. Accordingly, if we exceed $10 billion in total average consolidated assets threshold after March 31, 2017, we will be required to conduct in 2019 our first annual stress test for the year ending December 31, 2018. Even though the Company does not yet have at least $10 billion in assets, we have already begun developing policies and procedures to comply with the rules when and if they become applicable.
Acquisitions by Bank Holding Companies. The BHC Act requires every bank holding company to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve before it acquires all or substantially all of the assets of any bank, merges or consolidates with another bank holding company or acquires ownership or control of any voting shares of any bank if after such acquisition it would own or control, directly or indirectly, more than 5% of the voting shares of such bank. The Federal Reserve will not approve any acquisition, merger, or consolidation that would have a substantially anti-competitive effect, unless the anti-competitive impact of the proposed transaction is clearly outweighed by a greater public interest in meeting the convenience and needs of the community to be served. The Federal Reserve also considers capital adequacy and other financial and managerial resources and future prospects of the companies and the banks concerned, together with the convenience and needs of the community to be served and the record of a bank holding company and its subsidiary bank(s) in combating money laundering activities, when reviewing acquisitions or mergers.
The BHC Act also prohibits a bank holding company, with certain exceptions, from itself engaging in or acquiring direct or indirect control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any company engaged in non-banking activities. The principal exception to this prohibition is for a bank holding company engaging in or acquiring shares of a company whose activities are found by the Federal Reserve to be so closely related to banking or managing banks as to be a proper incident thereto. In making determinations whether activities are closely related to banking or managing banks, the Federal Reserve is required to consider whether the performance of such activities by a bank holding company or its subsidiaries can reasonably be expected to produce benefits to the public, such as greater convenience, increased competition or gains in efficiency of resources and whether such public benefits outweigh the risks of possible adverse effects, such as decreased or unfair competition, conflicts of interest or unsound banking practices.
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Control Acquisitions. Federal and state laws, including the BHC Act and the Change in Bank Control Act, impose additional prior notice or approval requirements and ongoing regulatory requirements on any investor that seeks to acquire direct or indirect “control” of an FDIC-insured depository institution or bank holding company. “Control” of a depository institution is a facts and circumstances analysis, but generally an investor is deemed to control a depository institution or other company if the investor owns or controls 25% or more of any class of voting securities. Ownership or control of 10% or more of any class of voting securities, where either the depository institution or company is a public company or no other person will own or control a greater percentage of that class of voting securities after the acquisition, is also presumed to result in the investor controlling the depository institution or other company, although this is subject to rebuttal.
Anti-Tying Restrictions. Bank holding companies and their affiliates are prohibited from tying the provision of certain services, such as extensions of credit, to other nonbanking services offered by a bank holding company or its affiliates.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 generally established a comprehensive framework to modernize and reform the oversight of public company auditing, improve the quality and transparency of financial reporting by those companies and strengthen the independence of auditors. Among other things, the legislation:

- | Created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board is empowered to set auditing, quality control and ethics standards, to inspect registered public accounting firms, to conduct investigations and to take disciplinary actions, subject to SEC oversight and review;
- | Strengthened auditor independence from corporate management by, among other things, limiting the scope of consulting services that auditors can offer their public company audit clients;
- | Heightened the responsibility of public company directors and senior managers for the quality of the financial reporting and disclosure made by their companies. A number of provisions to deter wrongdoing by corporate management were also adopted;
- | Imposed a number of new corporate disclosure requirements; and
- | Imposed a range of new criminal penalties for fraud and other wrongful acts, as well as extended the period during which certain types of lawsuits can be brought against a company or its insiders.

The Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989. Bank holding companies are allowed to acquire savings associations under The Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 (“FIRREA”). Deposit insurance premiums for banks and savings associations were increased as a result of FIRREA, and losses incurred by the FDIC in connection with the default or assistance of troubled federally-insured financial institutions are required to be reimbursed by other federally-insured financial institutions.
Heightened Requirements for Bank Holding Companies with $10 Billion or More in Assets
Various federal banking laws and regulations, including rules adopted by the Federal Reserve pursuant to the requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act, impose heightened requirements on certain large banks and bank holding companies. Although the majority of these rules apply to bank holding companies with at least $50 billion in total assets, certain rules also apply to banks and bank holding companies with at least $10 billion in total consolidated assets. Following the fourth consecutive quarter (and any applicable phase-in period) where our or the Bank’s total assets exceed this $10 billion threshold, we or the Bank, as applicable, will, among other requirements:

- | be required to perform annual stress tests as described above in “Dividends; Source of Strength; Stress Testing;”
- | be required to establish a dedicated risk committee of our board of directors responsible for overseeing our enterprise-wide risk management policies, which must be commensurate with our capital structure, risk profile, complexity, activities, size and other appropriate risk-related factors, and including as a member at least one risk management expert;
- | be required to establish a dedicated risk committee of our board of directors responsible for overseeing our enterprise-wide risk management policies, which must be commensurate with our capital structure, risk profile, complexity, activities, size and other appropriate risk-related factors, and including as a member at least one risk management expert; and
- | be examined for compliance with federal consumer protection laws primarily by the CFPB.

Even though the Company does not yet have at least $10 billion in assets, we have already begun developing policies and procedures to comply with the rules when and if they become applicable. For example, we have implemented new controls and procedures to prepare for stress testing, and we have established an Enterprise Risk Management Committee tasked with monitoring the risks identified by other Company and Bank committees in the context of the impact of each identified risk on other identified risks and ultimately on the Company as a whole. We believe that, assuming that we complete our proposed acquisition of Metropolitan, this acquisition, coupled with our organic growth, is likely to result in our assets exceeding $10 billion prior to the end of 2017.
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Supervision and Regulation of the Bank
General. As a Mississippi-chartered bank, the Bank is subject to the regulation and supervision of the Mississippi Department of Banking and Consumer Finance. As an FDIC-insured institution, the Bank is subject to the regulation and supervision of the FDIC. The regulations of the FDIC and the Mississippi Department of Banking and Consumer Finance affect virtually all of the Bank’s activities, including the minimum level of capital, the ability to pay dividends, mergers and acquisitions, borrowing and the ability to expand through new branches or acquisitions and various other matters.
Insurance of Deposits. The deposits of the Bank are insured by the Deposit Insurance Fund (the “DIF”), which the FDIC administers. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, deposit insurance on most accounts was increased to $250,000.
To fund the DIF, FDIC-insured banks are required to pay deposit insurance assessments to the FDIC. For institutions like the Bank with less than $10 billion in assets, the amount of the assessment is based on its risk classification. The higher an institution’s risk classification, the higher its rate of assessments (on the assumption that such institutions pose a greater risk of loss to the DIF). An institution’s risk classification is assigned based on its capital levels and the level of supervisory concern that the institution poses to the regulators. In addition, the FDIC can impose special assessments in certain instances.
In addition, all institutions with deposits insured by the FDIC must pay assessments to fund interest payments on bonds issued by the Financing Corporation, a mixed-ownership government corporation established as a financing vehicle for the Federal Savings & Loan Insurance Corporation. The assessment rate for the first quarter of fiscal 2017 is .0056% of insured deposits and is adjusted quarterly. These assessments will continue until the bonds mature in 2019 (the corporation’s ability to issue new debt has been terminated).
The FDIC may terminate the deposit insurance of any insured depository institution, including the Bank, if it determines after a hearing that the institution has engaged or is engaging in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, order or any condition imposed by an agreement with the FDIC. For an institution with no tangible capital, deposit insurance may be temporarily suspended during the hearing process for the permanent termination of insurance. If the FDIC terminates an institution’s deposit insurance, accounts insured at the time of the termination, less withdrawals, will continue to be insured for a period of six months to two years, as determined by the FDIC. We are not aware of any existing circumstances which would result in termination of the Bank’s deposit insurance.
Interstate Banking and Branching. Under Mississippi law, the Bank may establish additional branch offices within Mississippi, subject to the approval of the Mississippi Department of Banking and Consumer Finance. After the Dodd-Frank Act, we can also establish additional branch offices outside of Mississippi, subject to prior regulatory approval, so long as the laws of the state where the branch is to be located would permit a state bank chartered in that state to establish a branch. Finally, we may also establish offices in other states by merging with banks or by purchasing branches of other banks in other states, subject to certain restrictions.
Dividends. The restrictions and guidelines with respect to the Company’s payment of dividends are described above. As a practical matter, for so long as our operations chiefly consist of ownership of the Bank, the Bank will remain our source of dividend payments, and our ability to pay dividends will be subject to any restrictions applicable to the Bank.
The ability of the Bank to pay dividends is restricted by federal and state laws, regulations and policies. Under Mississippi law, a Mississippi bank may not pay dividends unless its earned surplus is in excess of three times capital stock. A Mississippi bank with earned surplus in excess of three times capital stock may pay a dividend, subject to the approval of the Mississippi Department of Banking and Consumer Finance. In addition, the FDIC also has the authority to prohibit the Bank from engaging in business practices that the FDIC considers to be unsafe or unsound, which, depending on the financial condition of the Bank, could include the payment of dividends. Accordingly, the approval of the Mississippi Department of Banking and Consumer Finance and potentially the FDIC is required prior to the Bank paying dividends to the Company. Federal Reserve regulations also limit the amount the Bank may loan to the Company unless such loans are collateralized by specific obligations.
Capital Adequacy Guidelines. The FDIC has promulgated risk-based capital guidelines similar to, and with the same underlying purposes as, those established by the Federal Reserve with respect to bank holding companies. Under those guidelines, assets and off-balance sheet items are assigned to broad risk categories, each with appropriate weights. The resulting capital ratios represent capital as a percentage of total risk-weighted assets and off-balance sheet items.
- Basel III. In December 2010, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, a committee of central banks and bank supervisors, released a final framework for a strengthened set of capital requirements, known as the “Basel III” regulatory capital reforms. In July 2013, the Federal Reserve, the FDIC and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency adopted rules implementing the Basel III regulatory capital reforms, including the standardized approach of Basel II for non-core banks and bank holding companies such as the Bank and the Company (collectively, the “Basel III Rules”). The Basel III Rules call for broad and comprehensive
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revision of regulatory capital standards for U.S. banking organizations. The Basel III Rules implemented a new common equity Tier 1 minimum capital requirement (“CET1”), a higher minimum Tier 1 capital requirement and other items affecting the calculation of the numerator of a banking organization’s risk-based capital ratios. Additionally, the Basel III Rules apply limits to a banking organization’s capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments if the banking organization does not maintain a "capital conservation buffer," which is a specified amount of CET1 capital in addition to the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements. For a detailed discussion of the CET1 ratio and the impact on the Company, see Note 23, “Regulatory Matters,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. Under the Basel III Rules:

- | We are now required to maintain a ratio of common equity Tier 1 capital to total risk-weighted assets of not less than 4.5%;
- | The minimum leverage capital ratio has been increased to 4% for all banking organizations (previously banking organizations that were highly rated and were not contemplating significant growth or expansion were allowed to maintain a 3% minimum leverage capital ratio);
- | The minimum Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio has been increased from 4% to 6%; and
- | The minimum total risked-based capital ratio that we are required to maintain remained at 8%.

We and the Bank meet all minimum capital requirements under the Basel III Rules as currently in effect.
The Basel III Rules have also revised the method for calculating risk-weighted assets to enhance risk sensitivity, particularly with respect to equity exposures to investment funds (including mutual funds), foreign exposures and residential real estate assets. It also established alternatives to credit ratings for calculating risk-weighted assets consistent with section 939A of the Dodd-Frank Act.
Finally, as noted above, the Basel III rules limit payment of dividends, common stock repurchases and certain discretionary bonus payments if the banking organization does not hold a “capital conservation buffer.” When fully phased in on January 1, 2019, the required capital conservation buffer will be 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets in addition to the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements; as of January 1, 2017, the capital conservation buffer is 1.25% of risk-weighted assets.
- Prompt Corrective Action. Under Section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the “FDIA”), each federal banking agency is required to implement a system of prompt corrective action for institutions that it regulates. The federal banking agencies (including the FDIC) have adopted substantially similar regulations to implement this mandate. Under the regulations, as updated by the Basel III Rules, a bank is (i) “well capitalized” if it has total risk-based capital of 10% or more, has a Tier 1 risk-based ratio of 8% or more, has a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5%, has a Tier 1 leverage capital ratio of 5% or more and is not subject to any order or final capital directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure, (ii) “adequately capitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of 8% or more, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6% or more, a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% and a Tier 1 leverage capital ratio of 4% or more (3% under certain circumstances) and does not meet the definition of “well capitalized”, (iii) “undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio that is less than 8%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio that is less than 6%, a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio that is less than 4.5% or a Tier 1 leverage capital ratio that is less than 4%, (iv) “significantly undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based ratio that is less than 6%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio that is less than 4%, a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of less than 3% or a Tier 1 leverage capital ratio that is less than 3%, and (v) “critically undercapitalized” if it has a ratio of tangible equity to total assets that is equal to or less than 2%.
The capital classification of a bank affects the frequency of regulatory examinations, the bank’s ability to engage in certain activities and the deposit insurance premiums paid by the bank. In addition, federal banking regulators must take various mandatory supervisory actions, and may take other discretionary actions, with respect to institutions in the three undercapitalized categories. The severity of the action depends upon the capital category in which the institution is placed. An institution that is categorized as undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized or critically undercapitalized is required to submit an acceptable capital restoration plan to its appropriate federal banking agency. An undercapitalized institution also is generally prohibited from increasing its average total assets, making acquisitions, establishing any branches or engaging in any new line of business, except under an accepted capital restoration plan or with FDIC approval. Generally, banking regulators must appoint a receiver or conservator for an institution that is critically undercapitalized.
Section 38 of the FDIA and the regulations promulgated thereunder also specify circumstances under which the FDIC may reclassify a well-capitalized bank as adequately capitalized and may require an adequately capitalized bank or an undercapitalized bank to comply with supervisory actions as if it were in the next lower category (except that the FDIC may not reclassify a significantly undercapitalized bank as critically undercapitalized).
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The provisions discussed above, as well as any other aspects of current or proposed regulatory or legislative changes to laws applicable to the financial industry, may impact the profitability of our business activities and may change certain of our business practices, including the ability to offer new products, obtain financing, attract deposits, make loans, and achieve satisfactory interest spreads, and could expose us to additional costs, including increased compliance costs. These changes also may require us to invest significant management attention and resources to make any necessary changes to operations in order to comply, and could therefore also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Interchange Fees. Under Section 1075 of the Dodd-Frank Act (often referred to as the “Durbin Amendment”), the Federal Reserve established standards for assessing whether the interchange fees, or “swipe” fees, that banks charge with respect to certain electronic debit transactions are “reasonable and proportional” to the costs incurred by issuers for processing such transactions. Interchange fees are charges that merchants pay to Renasant Bank and other card-issuing banks for processing electronic payment transactions. Under the Federal Reserve’s rules, the maximum permissible interchange fee is equal to no more than 21 cents plus 5 basis points of the transaction value for many types of debit interchange transactions. A debit card issuer may also recover one cent per transaction for fraud prevention purposes if the issuer develops and implements policies and procedures reasonably designed to achieve certain fraud-prevention standards. The Federal Reserve also has rules governing routing and exclusivity that require issuers to offer two unaffiliated networks for routing transactions on each debit or prepaid product.
Renasant Bank is currently exempt from the interchange fee cap because we have less than $10 billion in total assets. When and if we exceed $10 billion in total assets, we will become subject to the interchange fee cap beginning July 1 of the next fiscal year.
Activities and Investments of Insured State-Chartered Banks. Section 24 of the FDIA generally limits the activities and equity investments of FDIC-insured, state-chartered banks to those that are permissible for national banks. Under regulations dealing with equity investments, an insured state bank generally may not directly or indirectly acquire or retain any equity investment of a type, or in an amount, that is not permissible for a national bank. An insured state bank is not prohibited from, among other things, taking the following actions:

- | acquiring or retaining a majority interest in a subsidiary;
- | investing as a limited partner in a partnership the sole purpose of which is direct or indirect investment in the acquisition, rehabilitation or new construction of a qualified housing project, provided that such limited partnership investments may not exceed 2% of the bank’s total assets;
- | acquiring up to 10% of the voting stock of a company that solely provides or reinsures directors’, trustees’ and officers’ liability insurance coverage or bankers’ blanket bond group insurance coverage for insured depository institutions; and
- | acquiring or retaining the voting shares of a depository institution if certain requirements are met.

Under FDIC regulations, insured banks engaging in impermissible activities, or banks that wish to engage in otherwise impermissible activities, may seek approval from the FDIC to continue or commence such activities, as the case may be. The FDIC will not approve such an application if the bank does not meet its minimum capital requirements or the proposed activities present a significant risk to the FDIC insurance fund.
Safety and Soundness. The federal banking agencies, including the FDIC, have implemented rules and guidelines concerning standards for safety and soundness required pursuant to Section 39 of the FDIA. In general, the standards relate to operational and managerial matters, asset quality and earnings and compensation. The operational and managerial standards cover (1) internal controls and information systems, (2) internal audit systems, (3) loan documentation, (4) credit underwriting, (5) interest rate exposure, (6) asset growth and (7) compensation, fees and benefits. Under the asset quality and earnings standards, the Bank must establish and maintain systems to identify problem assets and prevent deterioration in those assets and to evaluate and monitor earnings and ensure that earnings are sufficient to maintain adequate capital reserves. Finally, the compensation standard states that compensation will be considered excessive if it is unreasonable or disproportionate to the services actually performed by the individual being compensated.
If an insured state-chartered bank fails to meet any of the standards promulgated by regulation, then such institution will be required to submit a plan within 30 days to the FDIC specifying the steps it will take to correct the deficiency. In the event that an insured state-chartered bank fails to submit or fails in any material respect to implement a compliance plan within the time allowed by the federal banking agency, Section 39 of the FDIA provides that the FDIC must order the institution to correct the deficiency. The FDIC may also (1) restrict asset growth; (2) require the bank to increase its ratio of tangible equity to assets; (3) restrict the rates of interest that the bank may pay; or (4) take any other action that would better carry out the purpose of prompt corrective action. We believe that the Bank has been and will continue to be in compliance with each of these standards.
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Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve requires all depository institutions to maintain reserves against their transaction accounts (primarily NOW and Super NOW checking accounts) and non-personal time deposits. The required reserves must be maintained in the form of vault cash or an account at a Federal Reserve bank. At December 31, 2016, the Bank was in compliance with its reserve requirements.
Community Reinvestment Act. Under the Community Reinvestment Act (the “CRA”), the FDIC assesses the Bank’s record in meeting the credit needs of its entire community, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. The FDIC’s assessment is taken into account when evaluating any application we submit for, among other things, approval of the acquisition or establishment of a branch or other deposit facility, an office relocation, a merger or the acquisition of shares of capital stock of another financial institution. The Bank has undertaken significant actions to comply with the CRA, and it received a “satisfactory” rating by the FDIC with respect to its CRA compliance. Both the U.S. Congress and banking regulatory agencies have proposed substantial changes to the CRA and fair lending laws, rules and regulations, and there can be no certainty as to the effect, if any, that any such changes would have on us or the Bank.
Financial Privacy Requirements. Federal law and regulations limit a financial institution’s ability to share consumer financial information with unaffiliated third parties. Specifically, these provisions require all financial institutions offering financial products or services to retail customers to provide such customers with the financial institution’s privacy policy and provide such customers the opportunity to “opt out” of the sharing of personal financial information with unaffiliated third parties. The sharing of information for marketing purposes is also subject to limitations. The Bank currently has privacy protection policy and procedures in place, which we believe complies with all applicable regulations.
Anti-Money Laundering. Federal anti-money laundering rules impose various requirements on financial institutions intended to prevent the use of the U.S. financial system to fund terrorist activities. These provisions include a requirement that financial institutions operating in the United States have anti-money laundering compliance programs, due diligence policies and controls to ensure the detection and reporting of money laundering. Such compliance programs supplement existing compliance requirements, also applicable to financial institutions, under the Bank Secrecy Act and the Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulations. The Bank has established policies and procedures to ensure compliance with the federal anti-laundering provisions.
The Volcker Rule. On December 10, 2013, the Federal Reserve and the other federal banking regulators as well as the SEC each adopted a final rule implementing Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act, commonly referred to as the “Volcker Rule.” Generally speaking, the final rule prohibits a bank and its affiliates from engaging in proprietary trading and from sponsoring certain “covered funds” or from acquiring or retaining any ownership interest in such covered funds. Most private equity, venture capital and hedge funds are considered “covered funds” as are bank trust preferred collateralized debt obligations. The final rule required banking entities to divest disallowed securities by July 21, 2015, subject to extension upon application. The Volcker Rule did not impact any of our activities nor do we hold any securities that we were required to sell under the rule, but it does limit the scope of permissible activities in which we might engage in the future.
Supervision and Regulation of our Wealth Management and Insurance Operations
Our Wealth Management and Insurance operations are subject to licensing requirements and regulation under the laws of the United States and the State of Mississippi. The laws and regulations are primarily for the benefit of clients. In all jurisdictions, the applicable laws and regulations are subject to amendment by regulatory authorities. Generally, such authorities are vested with relatively broad discretion to grant, renew and revoke licenses and approvals and to implement regulations. Licenses may be denied or revoked for various reasons, including the violation of such regulations, conviction of crimes and the like. Other possible sanctions which may be imposed for violation of regulations include suspension of individual employees, limitations on engaging in a particular business for a specified period of time, censures and fines.
Monetary Policy and Economic Controls
We and the Bank are affected by the policies of regulatory authorities, including the Federal Reserve. An important function of the Federal Reserve is to regulate the national supply of bank credit in order to stabilize prices. Among the instruments of monetary policy used by the Federal Reserve to implement these objectives are open market operations in U.S. Government securities, changes in the discount rate on bank borrowings and changes in reserve requirements against bank deposits. These instruments are used in varying degrees to influence overall growth of bank loans, investments and deposits and may also affect interest rates charged on loans or paid for deposits.
The monetary policies of the Federal Reserve have had a significant effect on the operating results of commercial banks in the past and are expected to do so in the future. In view of changing conditions in the national economy and in the various money markets, as well as the effect of actions by monetary and fiscal authorities including the Federal Reserve, the effect on our, and the Bank’s, future business and earnings cannot be predicted with accuracy.
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Sources and Availability of Funds
The funds essential to our, and our Bank’s, business consist primarily of funds derived from customer deposits, securities sold under repurchase agreements, and Federal Home Loan Bank advances. The availability of such funds is primarily dependent upon the economic policies of the federal government, the economy in general and the general credit market for loans.
Personnel
At December 31, 2016, we employed 1,965 people throughout all of our segments on a full-time equivalent basis. Of this total, the Bank accounted for 1,900 employees (inclusive of employees in our Community Banks and Wealth Management segments), and Renasant Insurance employed 65 individuals. The Company has no additional employees; however, at December 31, 2016, 15 employees of the Bank served as officers of the Company in addition to their positions with the Bank.
Dependence Upon a Single Customer
No material portion of our loans have been made to, nor have our deposits been obtained from, a single or small group of customers; the loss of any single customer or small group of customers with respect to any of our reportable segments would not have a materially adverse effect on our business as a whole or with respect to that segment in particular. A discussion of concentrations of credit in our loan portfolio is set forth under the heading “Financial Condition - Loans” in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Available Information
Our Internet address is www.renasant.com, and the Bank's Internet address is www.renasantbank.com. We make available at the Company's website, under the link “SEC Filings” under the “Investor Relations” tab, free of charge, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.
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Table 1 – Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity; Interest Rates and Interest Differential
(In Thousands)
The following table sets forth average balance sheet data, including all major categories of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, together with the interest earned or interest paid and the average yield or average rate on each such category for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
| Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Yield/ Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Yield/ Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Yield/ Rate
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Not purchased(1) | $ | 4,531,231 |  |  | $ | 195,552 |  |  | 4.32 | % |  | $ | 3,646,823 |  |  | $ | 161,535 |  |  | 4.43 | % |  | $ | 3,052,003 |  |  | $ | 141,764 |  |  | 4.64 | %
Purchased | 1,555,502 |  |  | 104,983 |  |  | 6.75 | % |  | 1,045,324 |  |  | 68,141 |  |  | 6.52 | % |  | 724,884 |  |  | 51,532 |  |  | 7.11 | %
Purchased and covered(4) | 46,438 |  |  | 3,295 |  |  | 7.10 | % |  | 143,855 |  |  | 7,732 |  |  | 5.37 | % |  | 164,128 |  |  | 7,548 |  |  | 4.60 | %
Total Loans | 6,133,171 |  |  | 303,830 |  |  | 4.95 | % |  | 4,836,002 |  |  | 237,408 |  |  | 4.91 | % |  | 3,941,015 |  |  | 200,844 |  |  | 5.10 | %
Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable(2) | 721,661 |  |  | 15,305 |  |  | 2.12 |  |  | 732,016 |  |  | 15,946 |  |  | 2.18 |  |  | 698,808 |  |  | 16,026 |  |  | 2.29 |
Tax-exempt | 351,950 |  |  | 16,555 |  |  | 4.70 |  |  | 331,206 |  |  | 16,709 |  |  | 5.04 |  |  | 303,641 |  |  | 15,981 |  |  | 5.26 |
Total securities | 1,073,611 |  |  | 31,860 |  |  | 2.97 |  |  | 1,063,222 |  |  | 32,655 |  |  | 3.07 |  |  | 1,002,449 |  |  | 32,007 |  |  | 3.19 |
Interest-bearing balances with banks | 89,514 |  |  | 459 |  |  | 0.51 |  |  | 74,776 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 0.29 |  |  | 138,299 |  |  | 395 |  |  | 0.29 |
Total interest-earning assets | 7,296,296 |  |  | 336,149 |  |  | 4.61 |  |  | 5,974,000 |  |  | 270,278 |  |  | 4.52 |  |  | 5,081,763 |  |  | 233,246 |  |  | 4.59 |
Cash and due from banks | 130,360 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 102,417 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 87,964 |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets | 491,530 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 379,469 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 301,104 |  |  |  |  |
FDIC loss share indemnification asset | 4,961 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,928 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20,617 |  |  |  |  |
Other assets | 493,363 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 410,168 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 325,069 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 8,416,510 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,874,982 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,816,517 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand(3) | 3,090,495 |  |  | 5,874 |  |  | 0.19 |  |  | 2,596,362 |  |  | 4,721 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 2,198,260 |  |  | 4,516 |  |  | 0.21 |
Savings deposits | 525,498 |  |  | 372 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  | 433,838 |  |  | 321 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  | 346,608 |  |  | 289 |  |  | 0.08 |
Time deposits | 1,587,444 |  |  | 11,610 |  |  | 0.73 |  |  | 1,392,171 |  |  | 8,673 |  |  | 0.62 |  |  | 1,412,200 |  |  | 11,411 |  |  | 0.81 |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 5,203,437 |  |  | 17,856 |  |  | 0.34 |  |  | 4,422,371 |  |  | 13,715 |  |  | 0.31 |  |  | 3,957,068 |  |  | 16,216 |  |  | 0.41 |
Borrowed funds | 523,812 |  |  | 10,291 |  |  | 1.96 |  |  | 376,208 |  |  | 7,950 |  |  | 2.11 |  |  | 186,318 |  |  | 7,711 |  |  | 4.14 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 5,727,249 |  |  | 28,147 |  |  | 0.49 |  |  | 4,798,579 |  |  | 21,665 |  |  | 0.45 |  |  | 4,143,386 |  |  | 23,927 |  |  | 0.58 |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 1,467,881 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,125,969 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 921,903 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 105,342 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 73,519 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 59,426 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity | 1,116,038 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 876,915 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 691,802 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 8,416,510 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,874,982 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,816,517 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income/ net interest margin |  |  | $ | 308,002 |  |  | 4.22 | % |  |  |  | $ | 248,613 |  |  | 4.16 | % |  |  |  | $ | 209,319 |  |  | 4.12 | %

(1)Includes mortgage loans held for sale and shown net of unearned income.
(2)U.S. Government and some U.S. Government Agency securities are tax-exempt in the states in which we operate.
(3)Interest-bearing demand deposits include interest-bearing transactional accounts and money market deposits.
(4)Represents information associated with purchased loans covered under loss sharing agreements prior to their termination on December 8, 2016.
The average balances of nonaccruing assets are included in this table. Interest income and weighted average yields on tax-exempt loans and securities have been computed on a fully tax equivalent basis assuming a federal tax rate of 35% and a state tax rate of 3.66%, which is net of federal tax benefit.
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Table 2 – Volume/Rate Analysis
(In Thousands)
The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in interest earned, on a tax equivalent basis, and interest paid resulting from changes in volume and rates for the Company for the years indicated. Information is provided in each category with respect to changes attributable to (1) changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior yield/rate); (2) changes in yield/rate (changes in yield/rate multiplied by prior volume); and (3) changes in both yield/rate and volume (changes in yield/rate multiplied by changes in volume). The changes attributable to the combined impact of yield/rate and volume have all been allocated to the changes due to volume.

| 2016 Compared to 2015 |  | 2015 Compared to 2014
| Volume |  | Rate |  | Net |  | Volume |  | Rate |  | Net
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Not purchased(1) | $ | 38,168 |  |  | $ | (4,151 | ) |  | $ | 34,017 |  |  | $ | 26,348 |  |  | $ | (6,577 | ) |  | $ | 19,771 |
Purchased | 34,433 |  |  | 2,409 |  |  | 36,842 |  |  | 20,888 |  |  | (4,279 | ) |  | 16,609 |
Purchased and covered | (6,912 | ) |  | 2,475 |  |  | (4,437 | ) |  | (1,089 | ) |  | 1,273 |  |  | 184 |
Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | (220 | ) |  | (421 | ) |  | (641 | ) |  | 726 |  |  | (806 | ) |  | (80 | )
Tax-exempt | 976 |  |  | (1,130 | ) |  | (154 | ) |  | 1,390 |  |  | (662 | ) |  | 728 |
Interest-bearing balances with banks | 75 |  |  | 169 |  |  | 244 |  |  | (182 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (180 | )
Total interest-earning assets | 66,520 |  |  | (649 | ) |  | 65,871 |  |  | 48,081 |  |  | (11,049 | ) |  | 37,032 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand deposits | 939 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 1,153 |  |  | 724 |  |  | (519 | ) |  | 205 |
Savings deposits | 64 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | 51 |  |  | 65 |  |  | (33 | ) |  | 32 |
Time deposits | 1,428 |  |  | 1,509 |  |  | 2,937 |  |  | (125 | ) |  | (2,613 | ) |  | (2,738 | )
Borrowed funds | 2,900 |  |  | (559 | ) |  | 2,341 |  |  | 4,013 |  |  | (3,774 | ) |  | 239 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 5,331 |  |  | 1,151 |  |  | 6,482 |  |  | 4,677 |  |  | (6,939 | ) |  | (2,262 | )
Change in net interest income | $ | 61,189 |  |  | $ | (1,800 | ) |  | $ | 59,389 |  |  | $ | 43,404 |  |  | $ | (4,110 | ) |  | $ | 39,294 |

(1)Includes mortgage loans held for sale and shown net of unearned income.
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Table 3 – Investment Portfolio
(In Thousands)
The following table sets forth the scheduled maturity distribution and weighted average yield based on the amortized cost of our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2016. Information regarding the carrying value of the investment securities listed below as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is contained under the heading “Financial Condition – Investments” and “Results of Operations – Net Interest Income” in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

| Amount |  | Yield
Held to Maturity: |  |  |
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations |  |  |
Maturing within one year | $ | 1,499 |  |  | 1.25 | %
Maturing after one year through five years | 12,602 |  |  | 1.50 | %
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  |  |
Maturing within one year | 9,920 |  |  | 4.47 | %
Maturing after one year through five years | 98,377 |  |  | 4.46 | %
Maturing after five years through ten years | 129,883 |  |  | 3.46 | %
Maturing after ten years | 104,001 |  |  | 4.71 | %
Available for Sale: |  |  |
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations |  |  |
Maturing after one year through five years | 2,066 |  |  | 3.46 | %
Trust preferred securities |  |  |
Maturing after ten years | 23,749 |  |  | 1.55 | %
Other debt securities - corporate debt |  |  |
Maturing after five years through ten years | 1,047 |  |  | 5.05 | %
Residential mortgage backed securities: |  |  |
Government agency MBS | 414,019 |  |  | 2.01 | %
Government agency CMO | 171,362 |  |  | 1.98 | %
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |
Government agency MBS | 50,628 |  |  | 3.18 | %
Government agency CMO | 2,528 |  |  | 4.63 | %
Other debt securities | 21,006 |  |  | 2.36 | %
| $ | 1,042,687 |  |  | 2.97 | %

Weighted average yields on tax-exempt obligations have been computed on a fully tax equivalent basis assuming a federal tax rate of 35% and a state tax rate of 3.66%, which is net of federal tax benefit.
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Table 4 – Loan Portfolio
(In Thousands)
The following table sets forth loans, net of unearned income, outstanding at December 31, 2016, which, based on remaining scheduled repayments of principal, are due in the periods indicated. Loans with balloon payments and longer amortizations are often repriced and extended beyond the initial maturity when credit conditions remain satisfactory. Demand loans, loans having no stated schedule of repayments and no stated maturity, and overdrafts are reported below as due in one year or less. For information regarding the loan balances in each of the categories listed below as of the end of each of the last five years, see Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, under the heading “Financial Condition – Loans.” See “Risk Management – Credit Risk and Allowance for Loan Losses” in Item 7 for information regarding the risk elements applicable to, and a summary of our loan loss experience with respect to, the loans in each of the categories listed below.

| One Year or Less |  | After One Year Through Five Years |  | After Five Years |  | Total
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 346,142 |  |  | $ | 308,009 |  |  | $ | 63,339 |  |  | $ | 717,490 |
Lease financing | 2,385 |  |  | 34,814 |  |  | 9,642 |  |  | 46,841 |
Real estate – construction | 368,864 |  |  | 50,472 |  |  | 133,343 |  |  | 552,679 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 642,931 |  |  | 536,940 |  |  | 698,306 |  |  | 1,878,177 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 782,723 |  |  | 1,429,137 |  |  | 687,035 |  |  | 2,898,895 |
Installment loans to individuals | 38,277 |  |  | 63,760 |  |  | 6,590 |  |  | 108,627 |
| $ | 2,181,322 |  |  | $ | 2,423,132 |  |  | $ | 1,598,255 |  |  | $ | 6,202,709 |

The following table sets forth the fixed and variable rate loans maturing or scheduled to reprice after one year as of December 31, 2016:

| Interest Sensitivity
| Fixed Rate |  | Variable Rate
Due after one year through five years | $ | 2,100,452 |  |  | $ | 322,680 |
Due after five years | 1,009,894 |  |  | 588,361 |
| $ | 3,110,346 |  |  | $ | 911,041 |

Table 5 – Deposits
(In Thousands)
The following table shows the maturity of certificates of deposit and other time deposits of $100 or more at December 31, 2016:

| Certificates of Deposit |  | Other
Three Months or Less | $ | 100,332 |  |  | $ | 3,981 |
Over Three through Six Months | 93,660 |  |  | 1,216 |
Over Six through Twelve Months | 147,140 |  |  | 12,038 |
Over 12 Months | 519,020 |  |  | 3,812 |
| $ | 860,152 |  |  | $ | 21,047 |

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information contained in or incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K and the exhibits hereto, the following risk factors should be considered carefully in evaluating our business. The risks disclosed below, either alone or in combination, could materially adversely affect the business, financial condition or results of operations of the Company. Additional risks not presently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, may also adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Risks Related To Our Business and Industry
Our business may be adversely affected by current economic conditions in general and specifically in our Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Florida and Georgia markets.
General business and economic conditions in the United States and abroad can materially affect our business and operations. A weak U.S. economy is likely to cause uncertainty about the federal fiscal policymaking process, the medium and long-term fiscal outlook of the federal government and future tax rates. In addition, economic conditions in foreign countries, including uncertainty over the stability of the euro currency, could affect the stability of global financial markets, which could hinder U.S. economic growth.
Weak economic conditions are characterized by deflation, fluctuations in debt and equity capital markets, a lack of liquidity and/or depressed prices in the secondary market for mortgage loans, increased delinquencies on mortgage, consumer and commercial loans, residential and commercial real estate price declines and lower home sales and commercial activity. The current economic environment in the United States is also characterized by interest rates at historically low levels, which impacts our ability to attract deposits and to generate attractive earnings through our investment portfolio. All of these factors are detrimental to our business, and the interplay between these factors can be complex and unpredictable. Our business is also significantly affected by monetary and related policies of the U.S. federal government and its agencies. Changes in any of these policies are influenced by macroeconomic conditions and other factors that are beyond our control. Adverse economic conditions and government policy responses to such conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
More particularly, much of our business development and marketing strategy is directed toward fulfilling the banking and financial services needs of small to medium size businesses. Such businesses generally have fewer financial resources in terms of capital or borrowing capacity than larger entities. If general economic conditions negatively impact our Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Florida and Georgia markets generally and these businesses are adversely affected, our financial condition and results of operations may be negatively affected.
We are subject to lending risk.
There are inherent risks associated with our lending activities. These risks include, among other things, the impact of changes in interest rates and changes in the economic conditions in the markets where we operate as well as those across the United States. Increases in interest rates and/or weakening economic conditions could adversely impact the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans or the value of the collateral securing these loans.
As of December 31, 2016, approximately 67.21% of our loan portfolio consisted of commercial, construction and commercial real estate loans. These types of loans are generally viewed as having more risk to our financial condition than other types of loans due primarily to the large amounts loaned to individual borrowers. Because the loan portfolio contains a significant number of commercial, construction and commercial real estate loans with relatively large balances, the deterioration of one or a few of these loans could cause a significant increase in nonperforming loans. An increase in nonperforming loans could result in a net loss of earnings from these loans, an increase in the provision for possible loan losses and an increase in loan charge-offs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our commercial, construction and commercial real estate loan portfolios are discussed in more detail under the heading “Operations – Operations of Community Banks” in Item 1, Business.
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We have a high concentration of loans secured by real estate.
At December 31, 2016, approximately 85.93% of our loan portfolio had real estate as a primary or secondary component of the collateral securing the loan. The real estate provides an alternate source of repayment in the event of a default by the borrower. Real estate values have generally recovered since the recent recession, but any adverse change in our markets could significantly impair the value of the particular collateral securing our loans and our ability to sell the collateral upon foreclosure for an amount necessary to satisfy the borrower’s obligations to us. Furthermore, in a declining real estate market, we often will need to further increase our allowance for loan losses to address the deterioration in the value of the real estate securing our loans. This was the case from 2008 to 2012. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We have a concentration of credit exposure in commercial real estate.
In addition to the general risks associated with our lending activities described above, including the effects of declines in real estate values, commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans are subject to additional risks. These loans depend on cash flows from the property to service the debt. Cash flows, either in the form of rental income or the proceeds from sales of commercial real estate, may be affected significantly by general economic conditions. A downturn in the local economy generally or in occupancy rates where the property is located could increase the likelihood of default. An increase in defaults in our CRE loan portfolio could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. At December 31, 2016, we had approximately $3.5 billion in commercial real estate loans, representing approximately 56.94% of our loans outstanding on that date, as follows:

| December 31, 2016
| Commercial Real Estate
Owner-occupied | $ | 1,212,265 |
Non-owner occupied | 1,504,131 |
Construction | 552,679 |
Land Development: |
1-4 family mortgage | 80,025 |
Commercial mortgage | 182,499 |
Total Commercial real estate loans | $ | 3,531,599 |

In addition, in December 2006, in response to rapid growth in CRE loan concentrations and observed weaknesses in risk management practices at some financial institutions, the FDIC, the Federal Reserve, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency published Joint Guidance on Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate Lending, Sound Risk Management Practices (which we refer to as the “CRE guidance”). The CRE guidance is intended to promote sound risk management practices and appropriate levels of capital to enable institutions to engage in CRE lending in a safe and sound manner. Federal banking regulators will use certain criteria to identify financial institutions that are potentially exposed to significant CRE concentration risk. Among other things, an institution will be deemed to potentially have significant CRE concentration risk exposure if it has, based on its call report, either (1) total loans classified as acquisition, development and construction (“ADC”) loans represent 100% or more of the institution’s total capital or (2) total CRE loans, which consists of ADC and non-owner occupied CRE loans as defined in the CRE guidance, represent 300% or more the institution’s total capital, where the balance of the institution’s CRE loan portfolio has increased by 50 percent or more during the prior 36 months. The foregoing criteria are commonly referred to as the 100/300 Test.
Although the 100/300 Test is not a limit on an institution’s CRE lending activity, it serves as a high-level indicator of an institution’s potential CRE concentration risk. If any future results of the Company’s 100/300 Test evaluation show a potential CRE concentration risk, it may elect, or be required by its regulators, to adopt additional risk management practices or other limits on its activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We depend on the accuracy and completeness of information furnished by others about customers and counterparties.
In deciding whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions, we often rely on information furnished by or on behalf of customers and counterparties, including financial statements, credit reports, other financial information and appraisals of the value of collateral. We may also rely on representations of those customers, counterparties or other third parties, such as independent auditors, as to the accuracy and completeness of that information. Reliance on inaccurate or misleading financial statements, credit reports, other financial information or appraisals could have a material adverse effect on our business and, in turn, our financial condition and results of operations.
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Our allowance for possible loan losses may be insufficient, and we may be required to further increase our provision for loan losses.
Although we try to maintain diversification within our loan portfolio in order to minimize the effect of economic conditions within a particular industry, management also maintains an allowance for loan losses, which is a reserve established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense, to absorb probable credit losses inherent in the entire loan portfolio. The appropriate level of the allowance is based on management’s ongoing analysis of the loan portfolio and represents an amount that management deems adequate to provide for inherent losses, including collateral impairment. Among other considerations in establishing the allowance for loan losses, management considers economic conditions reflected within industry segments, the unemployment rate in our markets, loan segmentation and historical losses that are inherent in the loan portfolio. The determination of the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity and requires management to make significant estimates of current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. Changes in economic conditions affecting borrowers, new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans and other factors, both within and outside of our control, may require an increase in the allowance for loan losses.
The recent recession in the United States highlighted the inherent difficulty in estimating with precision the extent to which credit risks and future trends need to be addressed through a provision to our allowance for loan losses. Any worsening of the current economic conditions could cause us to experience higher than normal delinquencies and credit losses. As a result, we may be required to make further increases in our provision for loan losses and to charge off additional loans in the future, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically review the allowance for loan losses and may require an increase in the provision for loan losses or the recognition of further loan charge-offs, based on judgments different than those of management. In addition, if charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance for loan losses, we will need additional provisions to increase the allowance for loan losses. Any increases in the allowance for loan losses will result in a decrease in net income and, possibly, capital and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. A discussion of the policies and procedures related to management’s process for determining the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses is set forth under the heading “Risk Management – Credit Risk and Allowance for Loan Losses” in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
We are subject to interest rate risk.
Our earnings and cash flows are largely dependent upon our net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest earned on assets, such as loans and securities, and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowed funds. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control, including general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies and, in particular, the Federal Reserve. In light of improving labor markets and its assessment of the rate of inflation, the Federal Reserve increased the federal funds target rate by 25 basis points in December 2015 and December 2016 and has indicated that gradual increases in the federal funds target rate are warranted by economic conditions. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, could influence not only the interest we receive on loans and securities and the amount of interest we pay on deposits and borrowings, but such changes could also affect (1) our ability to originate loans and obtain deposits, which could reduce the amount of fee income generated, and (2) the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities.
Our financial results are constantly exposed to market risk.
Market risk refers to the probability of variations in net interest income or the fair value of our assets and liabilities due to changes in interest rates, among other things. The primary source of market risk to us is the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income. We are subject to market risk because of the following factors:

— | Assets and liabilities may mature or reprice at different times. For example, if assets reprice more slowly than liabilities and interest rates are generally rising, earnings may initially decline.
— | Assets and liabilities may reprice at the same time but by different amounts. For example, when interest rates are generally rising, we may increase rates charged on loans by an amount that is less than the general increase in market interest rates because of intense pricing competition. Also, risk occurs when assets and liabilities have similar repricing frequencies but are tied to different market interest rate indices that may not move in tandem.
— | Short-term and long-term market interest rates may change by different amounts, i.e., the shape of the yield curve may affect new loan yields and funding costs differently.

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— | The remaining maturity of various assets and liabilities may shorten or lengthen as interest rates change. For example, if long-term mortgage interest rates decline sharply, mortgage-backed securities held in our securities portfolio may prepay significantly earlier than anticipated, which could reduce portfolio income. If prepayment rates increase, we would be required to amortize net premiums into income over a shorter period of time, thereby reducing the corresponding asset yield and net interest income.
— | Interest rates may have an indirect impact on loan demand, credit losses, loan origination volume, the value of financial assets and financial liabilities, gains and losses on sales of securities and loans, the value of mortgage servicing rights and other sources of earnings.

Although management believes it has implemented effective asset and liability management strategies to reduce market risk on the results of our operations, these strategies are based on assumptions that may be incorrect. Any substantial, unexpected, prolonged change in market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Volatility in interest rates may also result in disintermediation, which is the flow of funds away from financial institutions into direct investments, such as U.S. Government and Agency securities and other investment vehicles, including mutual funds, which generally pay higher rates of return than financial institutions because of the absence of federal insurance premiums and reserve requirements. Disintermediation could also result in material adverse effects on our financial condition and results of operations.
A discussion of our policies and procedures used to identify, assess and manage certain interest rate risk is set forth under the heading “Risk Management – Interest Rate Risk” in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Liquidity needs could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Maintaining adequate liquidity is crucial to the operation of our business. We need sufficient liquidity to meet customer loan requests, deposit maturities and withdrawals and other cash commitments arising in both the ordinary course of business and in other unpredictable circumstances. We rely on dividends from the Bank as our primary source of funds. The primary source of the Bank’s funds are customer deposits and loan repayments. While scheduled loan repayments are a relatively stable source of funds, they are subject to the ability of borrowers to repay the loans. The ability of borrowers to repay loans can be adversely affected by a number of factors, including changes in economic conditions, adverse trends or events affecting business industry groups, reductions in real estate values or markets, business closings or lay-offs, inclement weather, natural disasters and international instability. Additionally, deposit levels may be affected by a number of factors, including rates paid by competitors, general interest rate levels, returns available to customers on alternative investments and general economic conditions. Accordingly, we may be required from time to time to rely on secondary sources of liquidity to meet withdrawal demands or otherwise fund operations or to support growth. Such sources include Federal Home Loan Bank advances and federal funds lines of credit from correspondent banks. While we believe that these sources are currently adequate, there can be no assurance they will be sufficient to meet future liquidity demands.
If the aforementioned sources of liquidity are not adequate for our needs, we may attempt to raise additional capital in the capital markets. Our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on conditions in such markets at that time, which are outside our control, and on our financial performance. Accordingly, we cannot assure you of our ability to raise additional capital in this manner.
If we are unable to meet our liquidity needs, we may be required to slow or discontinue loan growth, capital expenditures or other investments or liquidate assets.
Our risk management framework may not be effective in mitigating risk and loss to us.
We are subject to numerous risks, including lending risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk and market risk, among other risks encountered in the ordinary course of our operations. We have put in place processes and procedures designed to identify, measure, monitor, report and analyze these risks. However, all risk management frameworks are inherently limited when current procedures cannot anticipate the existence or future development of currently unanticipated or unknown risks, and we may have underestimated the impact of known risks. The recent recession and the heightened regulatory scrutiny of financial institutions that resulted therefrom, coupled with increases in the scope and complexity of our operations, among other things, have increased the level of risk that we must manage. Accordingly, we could suffer losses as a result of our failure to properly anticipate and manage these risks.
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Our business strategy includes the continuation of growth plans, and our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected if we fail to grow or fail to manage our growth effectively.
We have grown our business through the acquisition of entire financial institutions and through de novo branching. Since the beginning of 2011, we have opened eight de novo branches, acquired specified assets and the operations of, and assumed specified liabilities of, failed financial institutions in two FDIC-assisted transactions and acquired the RBC Bank (USA) trust division. We also acquired First M&F Corporation (“First M&F”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Merchants and Farmers Bank on September 1, 2013, acquired Heritage and its wholly-owned subsidiary HeritageBank on July 1, 2015 and acquired KeyWorth Bank on April 1, 2016. In addition, as noted above in Item 1, Business, on January 17, 2017 we and Metropolitan jointly announced the signing of a definitive merger agreement pursuant to which we will acquire Metropolitan in an all stock merger. We intend to continue pursuing a growth strategy for our business through de novo branching and to evaluate attractive acquisition opportunities that are presented to us. Our prospects must be considered in light of the risks, expenses and difficulties frequently encountered by companies when expanding their franchise, including the following (all of which are generally applicable to an analysis of the risks relating to our pending acquisition of Metropolitan):
Management of Growth. We may be unable to successfully:

— | maintain loan quality in the context of significant loan growth;
— | maintain adequate management personnel and systems to oversee such growth;
— | maintain adequate internal audit, loan review and compliance functions; and
— | implement additional policies, procedures and operating systems required to support such growth.

Operating Results. There is no assurance that existing offices or future offices will maintain or achieve deposit levels, loan balances or other operating results necessary to avoid losses or produce profits. Our growth and de novo branching strategy necessarily entails growth in overhead expenses as we routinely add new offices and staff. Our historical results may not be indicative of future results or results that may be achieved as we continue to increase the number and concentration of our branch offices. Should any new location be unprofitable or marginally profitable, or should any existing location experience a decline in profitability or incur losses, the adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition could be more significant than would be the case for a larger company.
Development of Offices. There are considerable costs involved in opening branches, and new branches generally do not generate sufficient revenues to offset their costs until they have been in operation for at least a year or more. Accordingly, our de novo branches can be expected to negatively impact our earnings for some period of time until the branches reach certain economies of scale. Our expenses could be further increased if we encounter delays in opening any of our de novo branches. We may be unable to accomplish future branch expansion plans due to a lack of available satisfactory sites, difficulties in acquiring such sites, increased expenses or loss of potential sites due to complexities associated with zoning and permitting processes, higher than anticipated merger and acquisition costs or other factors. Finally, we have no assurance our de novo branches or branches that we may acquire will be successful even after they have been established or acquired, as the case may be.
Expansion into New Markets. Much of our recent growth has been focused in the highly-competitive metropolitan areas of Memphis and Nashville, Tennessee, Birmingham and Huntsville, Alabama, Atlanta, Georgia, east Tennessee, as well as Gainesville and Ocala, Florida. In these growth markets we face competition from a wide array of financial institutions, including much larger, well-established financial institutions. Upon completion of our acquisition of Metropolitan, we will increase our presence in the Memphis and Nashville, Tennessee markets as well as in Jackson, Mississippi, a highly attractive and competitive market.
Regulatory and Economic Factors. Our growth and expansion plans may be adversely affected by a number of regulatory and economic developments or other events. Failure to obtain required regulatory approvals, changes in laws and regulations or other regulatory developments and changes in prevailing economic conditions or other unanticipated events may prevent or adversely affect our continued growth and expansion. Such factors may cause us to alter our growth and expansion plans or slow or halt the growth and expansion process, which may prevent us from entering certain target markets or allow competitors to gain or retain market share in our existing or expected markets.
Failure to successfully address these issues could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations, and could adversely affect our ability to successfully implement our business strategy. Also, if our growth occurs more slowly than anticipated or declines, our operating results could be materially adversely affected.
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We may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of our recent and pending acquisitions.
The success of our acquisitions of Heritage and KeyWorth and, if completed, our acquisition of Metropolitan will depend on, among other things, our ability to realize anticipated cost savings and to integrate the acquired assets and operations in a manner that permits growth opportunities and does not materially disrupt our existing customer relationships or result in decreased revenues resulting from any loss of customers. If we are not able to successfully achieve these objectives, the anticipated benefits of the acquisition may not be realized fully or at all or may take longer to realize than expected. Additionally, we will make fair value estimates of certain assets and liabilities in recording each acquisition. Actual values of these assets and liabilities could differ from our estimates, which could result in our not achieving the anticipated benefits of the particular acquisition.
We cannot assure you that our acquisitions will have positive results, including results relating to: correctly assessing the asset quality of the assets acquired; the total cost of integration, including management attention and resources; the time required to complete the integration successfully; the amount of longer-term cost savings; being able to profitably deploy funds acquired in the transaction; retaining the existing client relationships; or the overall performance of the combined business.
Our future growth and profitability depends, in part, on our ability to successfully manage the combined operations. Integration of an acquired business can be complex and costly, and we may encounter a number of difficulties, such as:

— | deposit attrition, customer loss and revenue loss;
— | the loss of key employees;
— | the disruption of our operations and business;
— | our inability to maintain and increase competitive presence;
— | possible inconsistencies in standards, control procedures and policies; and/or
— | unexpected problems with costs, operations, personnel, technology and credit.

Additionally, general market and economic conditions or governmental actions affecting the financial industry generally may inhibit our successful integration of the operations acquired.
We may continue to experience increased credit costs or need to take additional markdowns and make additional provisions to the allowance for loan losses on purchased loans, including loans purchased in our acquisitions of Heritage, KeyWorth and, if completed, Metropolitan. Any of these actions could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations in the future. In addition, there is no assurance that as our integration efforts continue in connection with the KeyWorth acquisition or, if completed, our integration of Metropolitan, other unanticipated costs, including the diversion of personnel, or losses will not be incurred. In addition, the attention and effort devoted to the integration of an acquired business may divert management’s attention from other important issues and could harm our business.
We may face risks with respect to future acquisitions.
When we attempt to expand our business through mergers and acquisitions (including FDIC-assisted transactions), we seek targets that are culturally similar to us, have experienced management and possess either significant market presence or have potential for improved profitability through economies of scale or expanded services or, in the case of FDIC-assisted transactions, on account of the loss share arrangements with the FDIC associated with such transactions. We believe that our pending acquisition of Metropolitan meets these criteria. In addition to the general risks associated with our growth plans and the particular risks associated with FDIC-assisted transactions both of which are highlighted above, in general acquiring other banks, businesses or branches involves various risks commonly associated with acquisitions, including, among other things:

— | the time and costs associated with identifying and evaluating potential acquisition and merger targets;
— | inaccuracies in the estimates and judgments used to evaluate credit, operations, management and market risks with respect to the target institution;
— | the time and costs of evaluating new markets, hiring experienced local management and opening new bank locations, and the time lags between these activities and the generation of sufficient assets and deposits to support the costs of the expansion;
— | our ability to finance an acquisition and possible dilution to our existing shareholders;
— | the diversion of our management’s attention to the negotiation of a transaction;
— | the incurrence of an impairment of goodwill associated with an acquisition and adverse effects on our results of operations;
— | entry into new markets where we lack experience; and
— | risks associated with integrating the operations and personnel of acquired businesses.

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All of the foregoing matters are applicable to our pending acquisition of Metropolitan.
We expect to continue to evaluate merger and acquisition opportunities (including FDIC-assisted transactions) that are presented to us and conduct due diligence activities related to possible transactions with other financial institutions. As a result, merger or acquisition discussions and, in some cases, negotiations may take place and future mergers or acquisitions involving cash, debt or equity securities may occur at any time. Historically, acquisitions of non-failed financial institutions involve the payment of a premium over book and market values, and, therefore, some dilution of our book value and net income per common share may occur in connection with any future transaction (which may be the case as a result of the Metropolitan acquisition). Failure to realize the expected revenue increases, cost savings, increases in geographic or product presence and/or other projected benefits from an acquisition could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Competition in our industry is intense and may adversely affect our profitability.
We face substantial competition in all areas of our operations from a variety of different competitors, many of which are larger and have substantially greater resources than we have, including higher total assets and capitalization, greater access to capital markets and a broader offering of financial services. Such competitors primarily include national, regional and community banks within the various markets in which we operate. We also face competition from many other types of financial institutions, including savings and loans, credit unions, finance companies, brokerage firms, insurance companies, factoring companies and other financial intermediaries. The information under the heading “Competition” in Item 1, Business, provides more information regarding the competitive conditions in our growth markets.
Our industry could become even more competitive as a result of legislative, regulatory and technological changes and continued consolidation. The consolidation of financial institutions in connection with the 2008-2009 recession has continued to the present time, and we expect additional consolidation to occur as a result of, among other things, elevated regulatory compliance costs. Banks, securities firms and insurance companies can merge under the umbrella of a financial holding company, which can offer virtually any type of financial service, including banking, securities underwriting, insurance (both agency and underwriting) and merchant banking. Also, as highlighted by our discussion of the Dodd-Frank Act, legislative and regulatory changes on both the federal and state level may materially affect competitive conditions in our industry. Finally, technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for non-banks to offer products and services traditionally provided by banks, such as automatic transfer and automatic payment systems. Many of our competitors have fewer regulatory constraints and may have lower cost structures.
Our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including, among other things:

— | the ability to develop, maintain and build upon long-term customer relationships based on top quality service, high ethical standards and safe and sound assets;
— | the ability to expand our market position;
— | the scope, relevance and pricing of products and services offered to meet customer needs and demands;
— | the rate at which we introduce new products and services relative to our competitors;
— | customer satisfaction with our level of service; and
— | industry and general economic trends.

Failure to perform in any of these areas could significantly weaken our competitive position, which could adversely affect our growth and profitability, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We may be adversely affected by the soundness of other financial institutions.
Entities within the financial services industry are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty and other relationships. We have exposure to many different industries and counterparties and from time to time execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including commercial banks, brokers and dealers, investment banks and other institutional clients. Many of these transactions expose us to credit risk in the event of a default by a counterparty or client. In addition, our credit risk may be exacerbated when the collateral we hold cannot be realized upon or is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount of the credit due to us. Any such losses could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
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We are subject to extensive government regulation, and such regulation could limit or restrict our activities and adversely affect our earnings.
We and the Bank are subject to extensive federal and state regulation and supervision. Banking regulations are primarily intended to protect depositors’ funds, federal deposit insurance funds and the banking system as a whole. These regulations affect our lending practices, capital structure, investment practices, dividend policy and growth, among other things. Furthermore, as discussed below, the Dodd-Frank Act has resulted in significant changes to the regulations governing banks and other financial institutions. Other changes to such regulations have been proposed or may be proposed in light of the policy changes that were advocated during the presidential election campaign. Changes to statutes, regulations or regulatory policies, including changes in interpretation or implementation of the foregoing, could affect us and/or the Bank in substantial and unpredictable ways. Such changes could subject us to additional costs, limit the types of financial services and products we may offer and/or increase the ability of non-banks to offer competing financial services and products, among other things.
Under regulatory capital adequacy guidelines and other regulatory requirements, we and the Bank must meet guidelines that include quantitative measures of assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items, subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. If we fail to meet these minimum capital guidelines and other regulatory requirements, our financial condition would be materially and adversely affected. Our failure to maintain the status of “well capitalized” under our regulatory framework could affect the confidence of our customers in us, thus compromising our competitive position. In addition, failure to maintain the status of “well capitalized” under our regulatory framework or “well managed” under regulatory examination procedures could compromise our status as a bank holding company and related eligibility for a streamlined review process for merger or acquisition proposals and would result in higher deposit insurance premiums assessed by the FDIC.
We are also subject to various privacy, data protection and information security laws. Under the GLB Act, we are subject to limitations on our ability to share our customers’ nonpublic personal information with unaffiliated parties, and we are required to provide certain disclosures to our customers about out data collection and security practices. Customers have the right to opt out of our disclosure of their personal financial information to unaffiliated parties. Finally, the GLB Act requires us to develop, implement and maintain a written comprehensive information security program containing appropriate safeguards for our customer’s nonpublic personal information. New laws and regulations have also been proposed that could increase our privacy, data protection and information security compliance costs. Our failure to comply with new or existing privacy, data protection and information security laws and regulations could result in material regulatory or governmental investigations and/or fines, sanctions and other expenses.
As a public company, we are also subject to laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Act and SEC regulations. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, amendment or outright repeal. As a result, the amendment or repeal of any such laws, regulations or standards, or the issuance of new guidance for complying therewith by regulatory and governing bodies, could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We are committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure. As a result, our efforts to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, increased expenses and a diversion of management time and attention.
Failure to comply with laws, regulations or policies could also result in sanctions by regulatory agencies and/or civil money penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. While we have policies and procedures designed to prevent any such violations, there can be no assurance that such violations will not occur. The information under the heading “Supervision and Regulation” in Item 1, Business, and Note 24, “Regulatory Matters,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, provides more information regarding the regulatory environment in which we and the Bank operate.
We will be subject to heightened regulatory requirements if we exceed $10 billion in assets.
We believe that, assuming that we complete our proposed acquisition of Metropolitan, this acquisition, coupled with our organic growth, is likely to result in our assets exceeding $10 billion prior to the end of 2017. As discussed under the heading “Supervision and Regulation” in Item 1, Business, the Dodd-Frank Act and regulations promulgated thereunder impose additional requirements on bank holding companies with total assets of at least $10 billion, including compliance with annual stress testing requirements. In addition, banks with total assets of at least $10 billion are primarily examined by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau with respect to various federal consumer financial protection laws and regulations. Although Renasant Bank currently is subject to CFPB regulations, the FDIC is primarily responsible for examining our compliance with consumer protection laws and CFPB regulations. Finally, if we exceed $10 billion in assets, we will be subject to the limitation on interchange fees imposed pursuant to the Durbin Amendment to the Dodd-Frank Act.
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To prepare for the Company being subject to additional regulations once it exceeds $10 billion in assets, we have incurred a number of significant expense relating to, among other things, the implementation of additional internal controls and procedures relating to stress testing, and we expect to incur additional expenses once the Company does in fact exceed $10 billion in assets. Further, if and when we exceed $10 billion in assets, the impact of the Durbin Amendment is anticipated to reduce our noninterest income. These additional expense and the expected decrease in interchange fee revenue could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, the results of our annual stress testing requirements, part of which must be publicly disclosed, may also be misinterpreted by the market generally or our customers, which may in turn adversely affect our stock price or our ability to retain our customers or effectively compete for new business opportunities. Our regulators may also consider our preparation for compliance with these regulatory requirements when examining our operations generally or considering any request for regulatory approval we may make, even requests for approvals on unrelated matters such as acquisitions of other financial institutions.
Changes in accounting standards issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other standard-setting bodies may adversely affect our financial statements.
Our financial statements are subject to the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”), which are periodically revised and/or expanded. Accordingly, from time to time we are required to adopt new or revised accounting standards issued by FASB. Market conditions have prompted accounting standard setters to promulgate new guidance which further interprets or seeks to revise accounting pronouncements related to financial instruments, structures or transactions as well as to issue new standards expanding disclosures. The impact of accounting developments that have been issued but not yet implemented is disclosed in our annual reports on Form 10-K and our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. An assessment of proposed standards is not provided as such proposals are subject to change through the exposure process and, therefore, the effects on our financial statements cannot be meaningfully assessed. It is possible that future accounting standards that we are required to adopt could change the current accounting treatment that we apply to our consolidated financial statements and that such changes could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Our information systems may experience a security breach, computer virus or disruption of service.
The Bank provides its customers the ability to bank online. The secure transmission of confidential information over the Internet is a critical element of online banking. While we use qualified third party vendors to test and audit our network, our network could become vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses, phishing schemes, cyber-attacks and other security problems. The Bank may be required to spend significant capital and other resources to protect against the threat of security breaches and computer viruses, or to alleviate problems caused by security breaches or viruses. To the extent that our activities or the activities of our customers involve the storage and transmission of confidential information, security breaches and viruses could expose us or the Bank to claims, litigation and other possible liabilities. Any inability to prevent security breaches or computer viruses could also cause existing customers to lose confidence in the Bank’s systems and could adversely affect its reputation and its ability to generate deposits. Any failures, interruptions or security breaches could result in damage to our reputation, a loss of customer business, increased regulatory scrutiny, or possible exposure to financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to attract and retain skilled people.
Our success depends in part on our ability to retain key executives and to attract and retain additional qualified personnel who have experience both in sophisticated banking matters and in operating a bank of our size. Competition for such personnel can be intense in the banking industry, and we may not be successful in attracting or retaining the personnel we require. The unexpected loss of one or more of our key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business because of their skills, knowledge of our markets, years of industry experience and the difficulty of promptly finding qualified replacements. We expect to effectively compete in this area by offering financial packages that are competitive within the industry.
We are subject to environmental liability risk associated with lending activities.
A significant portion of our loan portfolio is secured by real property. During the ordinary course of business, we may foreclose on and take title to properties securing certain loans. In doing so, there is a risk that hazardous or toxic substances could be found on these properties. If hazardous or toxic substances are found, we may be liable for remediation costs, as well as for personal injury and property damage. Environmental laws may require us to incur substantial expenses and may materially reduce the affected property’s value or limit our ability to use or sell the affected property. The remediation costs and any other financial liabilities associated with an environmental hazard could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, future laws or more stringent interpretations or enforcement policies with respect to existing laws may increase our exposure to environmental liability. Although management has policies and procedures to perform an environmental review before the loan is recorded and before initiating any foreclosure action on real property, these reviews may not be sufficient to detect all potential environmental hazards.
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Severe weather, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism and other external events could significantly impact our business.
Severe weather, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism and other adverse external events could have a significant impact on our ability to conduct business. Such events, like the 2010 Tennessee floods that impacted our Nashville, Tennessee offices and the April 2011 storms that devastated much of east Mississippi and west Alabama, could affect the stability of our deposit base, impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans, impair the value of collateral securing loans, cause significant property damage, result in loss of revenue and/or cause us to incur additional expenses. With the acquisition of Heritage, we now have operations in Florida that could be impacted by hurricanes. Although management has established disaster recovery policies and procedures, the occurrence of any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Associated With Our Common Stock
Our stock price can be volatile.
Stock price volatility may make it more difficult for an investor to resell our common stock when desired and at attractive prices. Our stock price can fluctuate significantly in response to a variety of factors including, among other things:

— | actual or anticipated variations in quarterly results of operations;
— | recommendations by securities analysts;
— | operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to us;
— | news reports relating to trends, concerns and other issues in the banking and financial services industry;
— | perceptions in the marketplace regarding us and/or our competitors;
— | new technology used, or services offered, by us or our competitors;
— | significant acquisitions or business combinations, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by or involving us or our competitors;
— | failure to integrate acquisitions or realize anticipated benefits from acquisitions;
— | changes in government regulations; and
— | geopolitical conditions such as acts or threats of terrorism or military conflicts.

General market fluctuations, industry factors and general economic and political conditions and events, such as economic slowdowns or recessions, interest rate changes or credit loss trends, could also cause our stock price to decrease regardless of operating results.
The trading volume in our common stock is less than that of other larger bank holding companies.
Although our common stock is listed for trading on The NASDAQ Global Select Market, the average daily trading volume in our common stock is generally less than that of many of our competitors and other larger bank holding companies that are publicly-traded companies. For the two months ended February 23, 2017, the average daily trading volume for Renasant common stock was 196,067 shares per day. A public trading market having the desired characteristics of depth, liquidity and orderliness depends on the presence in the marketplace of willing buyers and sellers of our common stock at any given time. This presence depends on the individual decisions of investors and general economic and market conditions over which we have no control. Significant sales of our common stock, or the expectation of these sales, could cause volatility in the price of our common stock.
Our ability to declare and pay dividends is limited by law, and we may be unable to pay future dividends.
We are a separate and distinct legal entity from the Bank, and we receive substantially all of our revenue from dividends from the Bank. These dividends are the principal source of funds to pay dividends on our common stock and interest and principal on debt. Various federal and/or state laws and regulations limit the amount of dividends that the Bank may pay to us. In the event the Bank is unable to pay dividends to us, we may not be able to service debt, pay obligations or pay dividends on our common stock. The inability to receive dividends from the Bank could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The information under Note 23, “Restrictions on Cash, Securities, Bank Dividends, Loans or Advances,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, provides a detailed discussion about the restrictions governing the Bank’s ability to transfer funds to us.
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Holders of our junior subordinated debentures have rights that are senior to those of our common shareholders.
We have supported a portion of our growth through the issuance of trust preferred securities from special purpose trusts and accompanying junior subordinated debentures. Also, in connection with our acquisitions of other financial institutions, we assumed junior subordinated debentures. At December 31, 2016, we had trust preferred securities and accompanying junior subordinated debentures with a carrying value of $95.6 million. Payments of the principal and interest on the trust preferred securities of these trusts are conditionally guaranteed by us. Further, the junior subordinated debentures we issued to the trusts are senior to our shares of common stock. As a result, we must make payments on the junior subordinated debentures before any dividends can be paid on our common stock and, in the event of our bankruptcy, dissolution or liquidation, the holders of the junior subordinated debentures must be satisfied before any distributions can be made on our common stock (such dividend restrictions do not apply to the subordinated notes issued in August 2016). We have the right to defer distributions on our junior subordinated debentures (and the related trust preferred securities) for up to five years, during which time no dividends may be paid on our common stock.
On February 22, 2017, the Company redeemed the Heritage Financial Statutory Trust I junior subordinated debentures. Prior to the redemption, the Company obtained all required board and regulatory approval. For a detailed discussion of the redemption of these debentures, please refer to Note 27, “Subsequent Events,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
An investment in our common stock is not an insured deposit.
Our common stock is not a bank deposit and, therefore, is not insured against loss by the FDIC, any deposit insurance fund or by any other public or private entity. Investment in our common stock is inherently risky for the reasons described in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is subject to the same market forces that affect the price of common stock in any company. As a result, an investor may lose some or all of his investment in our common stock.
Our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, as well as certain banking laws, could decrease our chances of being acquired even if our acquisition is in our shareholders’ best interests.
Provisions of our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws and federal banking laws, including regulatory approval requirements, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would be perceived to be beneficial to our shareholders. The combination of these provisions impedes a non-negotiated merger or other business combination, which, in turn, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Our issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect holders of our common stock and discourage a takeover.
Our shareholders authorized the Board of Directors to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock without any further action on the part of our shareholders. Our Board of Directors also has the power, without shareholder approval, to set the terms of any series of preferred stock that may be issued, including voting rights, dividend rights, preferences over our common stock with respect to dividends or in the event of a dissolution, liquidation or winding up and other terms. In the event that we issue preferred stock in the future that has preference over our common stock with respect to payment of dividends or upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or if we issue preferred stock with voting rights that dilute the voting power of our common stock, the rights of the holders of our common stock or the market price of our common stock could be adversely affected. In addition, the ability of our Board of Directors to issue shares of preferred stock without any action on the part of our shareholders may impede a takeover of us and prevent a transaction perceived to be favorable to our shareholders.
Shares eligible for future sale could have a dilutive effect.
Shares of our common stock eligible for future sale, including those that may be issued in any other private or public offering of our common stock for cash or as incentives under incentive plans, could have a dilutive effect on the market for our common stock and could adversely affect market prices. As of February 23, 2017, there were 150,000,000 shares of our common stock authorized, of which 44,356,461 shares were outstanding.
The FDIC’s Statement of Policy on Qualifications for Failed Bank Acquisitions may restrict our activities and those of certain investors in us.
On August 26, 2009, the FDIC adopted the final Statement of Policy on Qualifications for Failed Bank Acquisitions (the “Statement”). The Statement purports to provide guidance concerning the standards for more than de minimis investments in acquirers of deposit liabilities and the operations of failed insured depository institutions. The Statement applies to private investors in a company, including any company acquired to facilitate bidding on failed banks or thrifts that is proposing to, directly or indirectly, assume deposit liabilities, or such liabilities and assets, from the resolution of a failed insured depository institution. By its terms, the Statement does not apply to investors with 5% or less of the total voting power of an acquired depository institution or its bank or thrift holding company (provided there is no evidence of concerted action by these investors). When applicable,
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among other things, covered investors (other than certain mutual funds) are prohibited by the Statement from selling their securities in the relevant institution for three years. In addition, covered investors must disclose to the FDIC information about the investors and all entities in the ownership chain, including information as to the size of the capital fund or funds, its diversification, the return profile, the marketing documents, the management team and the business model, as well as such other information as is determined to be necessary to assure compliance with the Statement. Furthermore, among other restrictions, the acquired institution must maintain a ratio of Tier 1 common equity to total assets of at least 10% for a period of three years from the time of acquisition; thereafter, the institution must maintain capital such that it is “well capitalized” during the remaining period of ownership by the covered investor. In addition, under the Statement, covered investors employing ownership structures utilizing entities that are domiciled in Secrecy Law Jurisdictions (as defined in the Statement) would not be eligible to own a direct or indirect interest in an insured depository institution, subject to certain exceptions.
The Statement may be applicable to private investors in us and, in the event of any such private investors covered by the Statement, will be applicable to us. Furthermore, because the applicability of the Statement depends in large part on the specific investor, we may not know at any given point in time whether the Statement applies to any investor and, accordingly, to us. Each investor must make its own determination concerning whether the Statement applies to it and its investment in us. Each investor is cautioned to consult its own legal advisors concerning such matters. We cannot assure investors that the Statement will not be applicable to us.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The main office of the Company is located at 209 Troy Street, Tupelo, Mississippi. Various departments occupy each floor of the five-story building. The Technology Center, also located in Tupelo, houses electronic data processing, document preparation, document imaging, loan servicing and deposit operations.
As of December 31, 2016, Renasant operated 135 full-service branches, 13 limited-service branches and an ATM network, which includes 136 ATMs at on-premise locations and 17 ATMs located at off-premise sites. Our Community Banks and Wealth Management segments operate out of all of these offices.
The Bank owns 105 of its 135 full-service branch banking facilities. The remaining 30 full-service branches are under lease agreements. The Bank owns 11 of the 13 limited-service branches. The Bank also operates 15 locations used exclusively for Mortgage Banking; of these locations, three are owned by the Bank with the remaining 12 under lease agreements. The 44 banking facilities that are occupied under leases have unexpired terms ranging from one to 11 years.
Renasant Insurance, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, owns seven stand-alone offices - one each in Ackerman, Corinth, Durant, Kosciusko, Louisville, Starkville and Tupelo, Mississippi.
None of our properties are subject to any material encumbrances.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company, the Bank, Renasant Insurance or any other subsidiaries are a party or to which any of their property is subject, and no such legal proceedings were terminated in the fourth quarter of 2016.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information and Dividends
The Company’s common stock trades on The NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the ticker symbol “RNST.” On February 23, 2017, the Company had approximately 12,839 shareholders of record and the closing sales price of the Company’s common stock was $41.75. The following table sets forth the high and low sales price for the Company’s common stock for each quarterly period for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 as reported on NASDAQ, and the amount of cash dividends declared during each quarterly period during such fiscal years:

| Dividends Per Share |  | Prices
| High |  | Low
2016 |  |  |  |  |
1st Quarter | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | 34.41 |  |  | $ | 29.49 |
2nd Quarter | 0.18 |  |  | 35.00 |  |  | 30.21 |
3rd Quarter | 0.18 |  |  | 35.78 |  |  | 30.98 |
4th Quarter | 0.18 |  |  | 44.65 |  |  | 32.51 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |
1st Quarter | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | 30.09 |  |  | $ | 26.14 |
2nd Quarter | 0.17 |  |  | 33.47 |  |  | 28.98 |
3rd Quarter | 0.17 |  |  | 33.86 |  |  | 29.50 |
4th Quarter | 0.17 |  |  | 37.28 |  |  | 31.88 |

Although the timing and amount of future dividends, if any, will be determined at the discretion of the Company's board of directors, the Company traditionally has paid dividends on a quarterly basis. Funds for the payment of cash dividends are obtained from dividends received by the Company from the Bank. Accordingly, the declaration and payment of cash dividends by the Company depends upon the Bank’s earnings, financial condition, general economic conditions, compliance with regulatory requirements and other factors. Restrictions on the Bank’s ability to transfer funds to the Company in the form of cash dividends exist under federal and state law and regulations. See Note 23, “Restrictions on Cash, Securities, Bank Dividends, Loans or Advances,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, for a discussion of these restrictions. These restrictions do not, and are not expected in the future to, materially limit the Company’s ability to pay dividends to its shareholders in an amount consistent with the Company’s history of dividend payments.
Please refer to Item 12, Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters, for a discussion of the securities authorized for issuance under the Company’s equity compensation plans.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The Company did not repurchase any shares of its outstanding common stock during the three month period ended December 31, 2016.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
The Company did not sell any unregistered equity securities during 2016.
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Stock Performance Graph
The following performance graph compares the performance of our common stock to the NASDAQ Market Index and to a peer group of regional southeast bank holding companies (which includes the Company) for our reporting period. The performance graph assumes that the value of the investment in our common stock, the NASDAQ Market Index and the peer group of regional southeast bank holding companies was $100 at December 31, 2011, and that all dividends were reinvested.

| Period Ending December 31,
| 2011 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2016
Renasant Corporation | $ | 100.00 |  |  | $ | 132.84 |  |  | $ | 224.32 |  |  | $ | 211.24 |  |  | $ | 256.64 |  |  | $ | 321.20 |
NASDAQ Market Index | 100.00 |  |  | 117.45 |  |  | 164.57 |  |  | 188.84 |  |  | 201.98 |  |  | 219.89 |
SNL Geographic Index, Southeast(1) | 100.00 |  |  | 166.11 |  |  | 225.10 |  |  | 253.52 |  |  | 249.57 |  |  | 331.30 |

(1) | The SNL Geographic Index, Southeast, is a peer group of 86 regional bank holding companies, whose common stock is traded either on the New York Stock Exchange, NYSE Amex or NASDAQ, and who are headquartered in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia.

There can be no assurance that our common stock performance will continue in the future with the same or similar trends depicted in the performance graph above. We will not make or endorse any predictions as to future stock performance. The information provided under the heading “Stock Performance Graph” shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC or subject to its proxy regulations or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, other than as provided in Item 201 of Regulation S-K. The information provided in this section shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA(1)
(In Thousands, Except Share Data) (Unaudited)

Year Ended December 31, | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Interest income | $ | 329,138 |  |  | $ | 263,023 |  |  | $ | 226,409 |  |  | $ | 180,604 |  |  | $ | 159,313 |
Interest expense | 28,147 |  |  | 21,665 |  |  | 23,927 |  |  | 23,471 |  |  | 25,975 |
Net interest income | 300,991 |  |  | 241,358 |  |  | 202,482 |  |  | 157,133 |  |  | 133,338 |
Provision for loan losses | 7,530 |  |  | 4,750 |  |  | 6,167 |  |  | 10,350 |  |  | 18,125 |
Noninterest income | 137,415 |  |  | 108,270 |  |  | 80,509 |  |  | 71,891 |  |  | 68,711 |
Noninterest expense | 295,099 |  |  | 245,114 |  |  | 190,937 |  |  | 172,928 |  |  | 150,459 |
Income before income taxes | 135,777 |  |  | 99,764 |  |  | 85,887 |  |  | 45,746 |  |  | 33,465 |
Income taxes | 44,847 |  |  | 31,750 |  |  | 26,305 |  |  | 12,259 |  |  | 6,828 |
Net income | $ | 90,930 |  |  | $ | 68,014 |  |  | $ | 59,582 |  |  | $ | 33,487 |  |  | $ | 26,637 |
Per Common Share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income – Basic | $ | 2.18 |  |  | $ | 1.89 |  |  | $ | 1.89 |  |  | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | 1.06 |
Net income – Diluted | 2.17 |  |  | 1.88 |  |  | 1.88 |  |  | 1.22 |  |  | 1.06 |
Book value at December 31 | 27.81 |  |  | 25.73 |  |  | 22.56 |  |  | 21.21 |  |  | 19.80 |
Closing price(2) | 42.22 |  |  | 34.41 |  |  | 28.93 |  |  | 31.46 |  |  | 19.14 |
Cash dividends declared and paid | 0.71 |  |  | 0.68 |  |  | 0.68 |  |  | 0.68 |  |  | 0.68 |
Dividend payout | 32.72 | % |  | 36.17 | % |  | 36.17 | % |  | 55.74 | % |  | 64.15 | %
At December 31, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets | $ | 8,699,851 |  |  | $ | 7,926,496 |  |  | $ | 5,805,129 |  |  | $ | 5,746,270 |  |  | $ | 4,178,616 |
Loans, net of unearned income | 6,202,709 |  |  | 5,413,462 |  |  | 3,987,874 |  |  | 3,881,018 |  |  | 2,810,253 |
Securities | 1,030,530 |  |  | 1,105,205 |  |  | 983,747 |  |  | 913,329 |  |  | 674,077 |
Deposits | 7,059,137 |  |  | 6,218,602 |  |  | 4,838,418 |  |  | 4,841,912 |  |  | 3,461,221 |
Borrowings | 312,135 |  |  | 570,496 |  |  | 188,825 |  |  | 171,875 |  |  | 164,706 |
Shareholders’ equity | 1,232,883 |  |  | 1,036,818 |  |  | 711,651 |  |  | 665,652 |  |  | 498,208 |
Selected Ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return on average: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | 1.08 | % |  | 0.99 | % |  | 1.02 | % |  | 0.71 | % |  | 0.64 | %
Shareholders’ equity | 8.15 | % |  | 7.76 | % |  | 8.61 | % |  | 6.01 | % |  | 5.39 | %
Average shareholders’ equity to average assets | 13.26 | % |  | 12.76 | % |  | 11.89 | % |  | 11.78 | % |  | 11.96 | %
At December 31, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity to assets | 14.17 | % |  | 13.08 | % |  | 12.26 | % |  | 11.58 | % |  | 11.92 | %
Allowance for loan losses to total loans, net of unearned income(3) | 0.91 | % |  | 1.11 | % |  | 1.29 | % |  | 1.65 | % |  | 1.72 | %
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans(3) | 320.08 | % |  | 283.46 | % |  | 209.49 | % |  | 248.90 | % |  | 146.90 | %
Nonperforming loans to total loans, net of unearned income(3) | 0.28 | % |  | 0.39 | % |  | 0.62 | % |  | 0.66 | % |  | 1.17 | %

(1) | Selected consolidated financial data includes the effect of mergers and other acquisition transactions from the date of each merger or other transaction. On April 1, 2016, Renasant Corporation acquired KeyWorth Bank, a Georgia corporation ("KeyWorth"), headquartered in Johns Creek, Georgia. On July 1, 2015, Renasant Corporation acquired Heritage Financial Group, Inc., a Maryland corporation (“Heritage”), headquartered in Albany, Georgia. On September 1, 2013, Renasant Corporation acquired First M&F Corporation, a Mississippi corporation (“First M&F”), headquartered in Kosciusko, Mississippi. Refer to Item 1, Business, and Note 2, “Mergers and Acquisitions,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, for additional information about mergers and other acquisition transactions.

(2) | Reflects the closing price on The NASDAQ Global Select Market on the last trading day of the Company’s fiscal year.

(3) | Excludes assets acquired from KeyWorth, Heritage and First M&F and assets covered under loss share agreements with the FDIC. On December 8, 2016, Renasant Bank entered into an agreement with the FDIC that terminated all of the Bank's loss share agreements.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
Performance Overview
Net income was $90,930 for 2016 compared to $68,014 for 2015 and $59,582 for 2014. Basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) were $2.18 and $2.17, respectively, for 2016 compared to $1.89 and $1.88, respectively, for 2015 and 2014. The fluctuation in EPS since 2014 was influenced by a number of factors:

— | Effective April 1, 2016, the Company completed its acquisition of KeyWorth Bank (“KeyWorth”) in a transaction valued at approximately $58,885. The Company issued approximately 1.7 million shares of common stock and paid $3,594 to KeyWorth stock option and warrant holders for 100% of the voting equity interest in KeyWorth. On April 1, 2016, KeyWorth operated 6 banking locations in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Including the effect of purchase accounting adjustments, which are still being finalized by the Company and are subject to change, the Company acquired assets with a fair value of $415,232, including loans with a fair value of $272,330, and assumed liabilities with a fair value of $359,940, including deposits with a fair value of $348,961. The Company recorded approximately $22,643 in intangible assets which consist of goodwill of $20,633 and a core deposit intangible of $2,010.
— | Effective July 1, 2015, the Company completed its acquisition by merger with Heritage Financial Group, Inc. (“Heritage”), a bank holding company headquartered in Albany, Georgia, in a transaction valued at $295,444. The Company issued approximately 8.6 million shares of common stock and paid $5,915 to Heritage stock option holders for 100% of the voting equity interest in Heritage. On July 1, 2015, Heritage operated 48 banking, mortgage and investment offices in Alabama, Georgia and Florida. Including the effect of purchase accounting adjustments, the Company acquired assets with a fair value of $2,019,977, including loans both held for sale and held for investment with a fair value of $1,458,411, and assumed liabilities with a fair value of $1,724,533, including deposits with a fair value of $1,375,354. The Company recorded approximately $187,468 in intangible assets which consist of goodwill of $175,212 and a core deposit intangible of $12,256.
— | In December 2016, the Bank entered into an agreement with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "FDIC") that terminated all of the Bank's loss share agreements resulting in a payment to the FDIC of $4.8 million. The Company incurred a one-time pre-tax charge of $2.1 million in connection with the termination of the agreement.
— | In December 2016, the Company completed the underwritten public offering of 2,135,000 shares of the Company's common stock at a public offering price of $41.50 per share resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $84.1 million.
— | In August 2016, the Company completed the public offering and sale of $60 million of the Company's 5.00% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due September 1, 2026, and $40 million of its 5.50% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due September 1, 2031 (collectively, the "Notes"). The Notes resulted in net proceeds to the Company of $98.2 million and qualify as Tier 2 capital. A portion of the proceeds was used to prepay approximately $38.9 million in borrowings from the FHLB resulting in a penalty charge of $2.2 million.
— | Net interest income increased 24.71% to $300,991 for 2016 as compared to $241,358 for 2015; net interest income was $202,482 for 2014. Interest income on a tax equivalent basis increased 24.37% to $336,149 for 2016 from $270,278 for 2015. The increase since 2014 was due primarily to the increase in average earnings assets from the acquisitions of KeyWorth and Heritage and loan growth in the Company's non purchased loan portfolio as well as an increase in loan yields due to higher levels of accretable yield from the purchased loan portfolios.
— | Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans increased to 0.12% in 2016 compared to 0.10% in 2015. Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans was 0.29% in 2014. The provision for loan losses was $7,530 for 2016 compared to $4,750 for 2015 and $6,167 for 2014.
— | Noninterest income was $137,415 for 2016 compared to $108,270 for 2015 and $80,509 for 2014. The growth in noninterest income since 2014 is primarily attributable to the KeyWorth and Heritage acquisitions and organic growth in our mortgage division. Our goal is to continue developing products that generate noninterest income in order to diversify our revenue streams.
— | Noninterest expense was $295,099, $245,114 and $190,937 for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase in noninterest expense and its related components since 2014 is primarily attributable to the KeyWorth and Heritage acquisitions and strategic additions of personnel. The Company recorded merger expense related to its recent acquisitions of $4,023, $11,614 and $694 in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
— | Loans, net of unearned income, were $6,202,709 at December 31, 2016 compared to $5,413,462 in 2015 and $3,987,874 in 2014. Excluding purchased loans of $1,489,137 at December 31, 2016, the portfolio increased by $883,138, or 23.06%, from December 31, 2015.

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— | Deposits totaled $7,059,137 at December 31, 2016 compared to $6,218,602 at December 31, 2015 and $4,838,418 at December 31, 2014. The growth in deposits from 2015 to 2016 was partially attributable to the acquisition of KeyWorth, which added $348,961 in deposits at acquisition. Noninterest bearing deposits averaged $1,467,881, or, 22.00% of average deposits, for 2016 compared to $1,125,969, or 20.29% of average deposits, for 2015 and $921,903, or 18.90% of average deposits for 2014.

A historical look at key performance indicators is presented below.

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Diluted EPS | $ | 2.17 |  |  | $ | 1.88 |  |  | $ | 1.88 |  |  | $ | 1.22 |  |  | $ | 1.06 |
Diluted EPS Growth | 15.43 | % |  | — | % |  | 54.10 | % |  | 15.09 | % |  | 3.92 | %
Shareholders’ equity to assets | 14.17 | % |  | 13.08 | % |  | 12.26 | % |  | 11.58 | % |  | 11.92 | %
Tangible shareholders’ equity to tangible assets | 9.00 | % |  | 7.54 | % |  | 7.52 | % |  | 6.64 | % |  | 7.71 | %
Return on Average Assets | 1.08 | % |  | 0.99 | % |  | 1.02 | % |  | 0.71 | % |  | 0.64 | %
Return on Average Tangible Assets | 1.20 | % |  | 1.11 | % |  | 1.15 | % |  | 0.79 | % |  | 0.70 | %
Return on Average Shareholders’ Equity | 8.15 | % |  | 7.76 | % |  | 8.61 | % |  | 6.01 | % |  | 5.39 | %
Return on Average Tangible Shareholders’ Equity | 15.28 | % |  | 14.50 | % |  | 16.25 | % |  | 10.83 | % |  | 9.17 | %

Critical Accounting Policies
Our financial statements are prepared using accounting estimates for various accounts. Wherever feasible, we utilize third-party information to provide management with estimates. Although independent third parties are engaged to assist us in the estimation process, management evaluates the results, challenges assumptions used and considers other factors which could impact these estimates. We monitor the status of proposed and newly issued accounting standards to evaluate the impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Our accounting policies, including the impact of newly issued accounting standards, are discussed in further detail in Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. The following discussion presents some of the more significant estimates used in preparing our financial statements.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The accounting policy most important to the presentation of our financial statements relates to the allowance for loan losses and the related provision for loan losses. The allowance for loan losses is available to absorb probable credit losses inherent in the entire loan portfolio. The appropriate level of the allowance is based on an ongoing analysis of the loan portfolio and represents an amount that management deems adequate to provide for inherent losses, including collective impairment as recognized under the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic (“ASC”) 450, “Contingencies” (“ASC 450”). Collective impairment is calculated based on loans grouped by grade. Another component of the allowance is losses on loans assessed as impaired under ASC 310, “Receivables” (“ASC 310”). The balance of the loans determined to be impaired under ASC 310 and the related allowance is included in management’s estimation and analysis of the allowance for loan losses. The determination of the appropriate level of the allowance is sensitive to a variety of internal factors, primarily historical loss ratios and assigned risk ratings, and external factors, primarily the economic environment. Additionally, the estimate of the allowance required to absorb credit losses in the entire portfolio may change due to shifts in the mix and level of loan balances outstanding and in prevailing economic conditions, as evidenced by changes in real estate demand and values, interest rates, unemployment rates and energy costs. While no one factor is dominant, each could cause actual loan losses to differ materially from originally estimated amounts. For a discussion of other considerations in establishing the allowance for loan losses and our loan policies and procedures for addressing credit risk, please refer to the disclosures in this Item under the heading “Risk Management – Credit Risk and Allowance for Loan Losses.”
Certain loans purchased in acquisitions or mergers are accounted for under ASC 310-30, “Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality” (“ASC 310-30”). ASC 310-30 prohibits the carryover of an allowance for loan losses for loans purchased in which the acquirer concludes that it will not collect the contractual amount. As a result, these loans are carried at values which represent management’s estimate of the future cash flows of these loans. Increases in expected cash flows to be collected from the contractual cash flows are required to be recognized as an adjustment of the loan’s yield over its remaining life, while decreases in expected cash flows are required to be recognized as an impairment. A more detailed discussion of loans accounted for under ASC 310-30, which were acquired in connection with our mergers with KeyWorth in 2016, Heritage in 2015, First M&F in 2013, Capital Bancorp, Inc. in 2007 and with Heritage Financial Holding Corporation in 2005 and our acquisitions of Crescent and American Trust in FDIC-assisted transactions in 2010 and 2011, respectively, is set forth below under the heading
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“Risk Management – Credit Risk and Allowance for Loan Losses” and in Note 5, “Purchased Loans” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Other-Than-Temporary-Impairment on Investment Securities
On a quarterly basis, we evaluate our investment portfolio for other-than-temporary-impairment (“OTTI”) in accordance with ASC 320, “Investments – Debt and Equity Securities.” An investment security is considered impaired if the fair value of the security is less than its cost or amortized cost basis. Impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary if the Company intends to sell the investment security or if the Company does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security before the Company is required to sell the security or the security’s maturity. When impairment of an equity security is considered to be other-than-temporary, the security is written down to its fair value and an impairment loss is recorded in earnings. When impairment of a debt security is considered to be other-than-temporary, the security is written down to its fair value. The amount of OTTI recorded as a loss in earnings depends on whether we intend to sell the debt security and whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If we intend to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and its fair value is recorded as an impairment loss in earnings. If we do not intend to sell the debt security and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, OTTI is separated into the amount representing credit loss and the amount related to all other market factors. The amount related to credit loss is recognized in earnings. The amount related to other market factors is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes.
The amount of OTTI recorded in earnings as a credit loss is dependent upon management’s estimate of discounted future cash flows expected from the investment security. The difference between the expected cash flows and the amortized cost basis of the security is considered to be credit loss. The remaining difference between the fair value and the amortized cost basis of the security is considered to be related to all other market factors. Our estimate of discounted future cash flows incorporates a number of assumptions based on both qualitative and quantitative factors. Performance indicators of the security’s underlying assets, including credit ratings and current and projected default and deferral rates, as well as the credit quality and capital ratios of the issuing institutions are considered in the analysis. Changes in these assumptions could impact the amount of OTTI recognized as a credit loss in earnings. For additional information regarding the evaluation of our securities portfolio for OTTI, please refer to Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” and Note 3, “Securities,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Intangible Assets
Our intangible assets consist primarily of goodwill, core deposit intangibles, and customer relationship intangibles. Goodwill arises from business combinations and represents the value attributable to unidentifiable intangible elements of the business acquired. We review the goodwill of each of our reporting units (that is, our reportable segments for financial accounting purposes) for impairment on an annual basis, or more often, if events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is below the carrying value of its equity. In determining the fair value of our reporting units, we use the market approach. If, based on the results of the market approach further analysis is needed, the discounted cash flow approach is utilized. The market approach averages the values derived by applying a market multiple, based on observed purchase transactions, to the book value, tangible book value, loan and/or deposit balances and the last twelve months adjusted and unadjusted net income. The discounted cash flow approach requires assumptions about short and long-term net cash flow growth rates for each reporting unit, as well as discount rates. Long-term net cash flow forecasts are developed for each reporting unit by considering several key business drivers such as new business initiatives, market share changes, anticipated loan and deposit growth, historical performance, and industry and economic trends, among other considerations.
The estimated fair value of a reporting unit is highly sensitive to changes in the estimates and assumptions. In some instances changes in these assumptions could impact whether the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying value. We perform sensitivity analyses around these assumptions in order to assess the reasonableness of the assumptions and the resulting estimated fair values. If the carrying value of a reporting unit’s equity exceeds its estimated fair value, we then calculate the fair value of the reporting unit’s implied goodwill. Implied goodwill is the excess fair value of a reporting unit (as determined using the above-described methodology) over the fair value of its net assets and is calculated by determining the fair value of the reporting unit’s assets and liabilities, including previously unrecognized intangible assets, on an individual basis. This calculation is performed in the same manner as goodwill is recognized in a business combination. Significant judgment and estimates are involved in estimating the fair value of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit.
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Other identifiable intangible assets, primarily core deposit intangibles and customer relationship intangibles, are reviewed at least annually for events or circumstances which could impact the recoverability of the intangible asset, such as loss of core deposits, increased competition or adverse changes in the economy. To the extent any other identifiable intangible asset is deemed unrecoverable, an impairment loss would be recorded as a noninterest expense to reduce the carrying amount. These events or circumstances, when or if they occur, could be material to our operating results for any particular reporting period.
Benefit Plans and Stock Based Compensation
Our independent actuary firm prepares actuarial valuations of our pension cost under ASC 715, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits” (“ASC 715”). The discount rate utilized in the December 31, 2016 valuation was 4.56%, compared to 4.00% in 2015. Actual plan assets as of December 31, 2016 were used in the calculation and the expected long-term return on plan assets assumed for this valuation was 8.00%. Changes in these assumptions and estimates can materially affect the benefit plan obligation and the funded status of the plan which in turn may impact shareholders’ equity through an adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income and future pension expense. The pension plan covered under ASC 715 was frozen as of December 31, 1996.
The Company recognizes compensation expense for all share-based payments to employees in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.” We utilize the Black-Scholes model for determining fair value of our options. Determining the fair value of, and ultimately the expense we recognize related to, our stock options requires us to make assumptions regarding dividend yields, expected stock price volatility, estimated forfeitures and the expected life of the option. Changes in these assumptions and estimates can materially affect the calculated fair value of stock-based compensation and the related expense to be recognized. Due to the low historical forfeiture rate, the Company does not estimate forfeitures in determining the fair value of options granted. Changes in this assumption in the future could result in lower expenses related to the Company’s stock options. For a description of our assumptions utilized in calculating the fair value of our share-based payments, please refer to Note 14, “Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation Plans,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Business Combinations, Accounting for Purchased Loans
The Company accounts for its acquisitions under ASC 805, “Business Combinations,” which requires the use of the acquisition method of accounting. All identifiable assets acquired, including loans, are recorded at fair value. No allowance for loan losses related to the purchased loans is recorded on the acquisition date because the fair value measurements incorporate assumptions regarding credit risk. The fair value measurements of purchased loans are based on estimates related to expected prepayments and the amount and timing of undiscounted expected principal, interest and other cash flows.
Over the life of the purchased loans, the Company continues to estimate cash flows expected to be collected on individual loans or on pools of loans sharing common risk characteristics. The Company evaluates, as of the end of each fiscal quarter, the present value of the purchased loans determined using the effective interest rates. If the cash flows expected to be collected have decreased, the Company recognizes a provision for loan loss in its consolidated statement of income; for any increases in cash flows expected to be collected, the Company adjusts the amount of accretable yield recognized on a prospective basis over the loan’s or pool’s remaining life.
Mortgage Servicing Rights
The Company recognizes as assets the right to service certain mortgage loans for others, known as mortgage servicing rights. The mortgage servicing rights are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Mortgage servicing rights are amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated servicing income. External valuations of the fair value of the mortgage servicing rights are obtained monthly and determined using various assumptions including expected cash flows, prepayment speeds, market discount rates, servicing costs, mortgage interest rates and other factors. These assumptions can, and generally will, change as market condition and interest rates change resulting in fluctuations of the fair value. The Company does not currently hedge the mortgage servicing right asset. At December 31, 2016, the Company’s mortgage servicing asset was valued at $26,302. For additional information regarding our mortgage servicing rights, please refer to Note 10 - “Mortgage Servicing Rights,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Other Real Estate Owned
Other real estate owned consists of properties obtained through foreclosure or acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure in satisfaction of a loan obligation. Other real estate owned is initially recorded at fair market value based on appraised value less selling costs, estimated as of the date acquired, with any loss recognized as a charge-off through the allowance for loan losses. Reductions in the carrying value subsequent to acquisition are charged to earnings. The fair value of other real estate owned is derived primarily from independent appraisers. Our internal policies generally require OREO properties to be appraised every 12
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months. Significant judgments and complex estimates are required in estimating the fair value of other real estate owned, and the period of time within which such estimates can be considered current is significantly shortened during periods of market volatility, as experienced during the financial crises. As a result, the net proceeds realized from sales transactions could differ significantly from appraisals, comparable sales, and other estimates used to determine the fair value of other real estate owned.
Income Taxes
Accrued taxes represent the estimated amount payable to or receivable from taxing jurisdictions, either currently or in the future, and are reported, on a net basis, as a component of “Other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The calculation of our income tax expense is complex and requires the use of many estimates and judgments in its determination.
Management’s determination of the realization of the net deferred tax asset is based upon management’s judgment of various future events and uncertainties, including the timing and amount of future income earned by certain subsidiaries and the implementation of various tax plans to maximize realization of the deferred tax asset. Management believes that the Company and its subsidiaries will generate sufficient operating earnings to realize the deferred tax assets.
For certain business plans enacted by the Company, management bases the estimates of related tax liabilities on its belief that future events will validate management’s current assumptions regarding the ultimate outcome of tax-related exposures. As part of this process, management consults with its outside advisers to assess the relative merits and risks of our proposed tax treatment of such business plans. Although we have received from these outside advisers opinions that our proposed tax treatment should prevail, the examination of our income tax returns, changes in tax law and regulatory guidance may impact the tax treatment of these transactions and resulting provisions for income taxes.
We believe that we employ appropriate methods for these calculations and that the results of such calculations closely approximate the actual cost. We review the calculated results for reasonableness and compare those calculations to prior period costs. We also consider the effect of current economic conditions on the calculations.
For additional information regarding our income tax accounting, please refer to Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” and Note 16, “Income Taxes,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to results presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP"), this document contains certain non-GAAP financial measures. We use certain non-GAAP financial measures to adjust GAAP financial measures to exclude purchase accounting adjustments from loan interest income and net interest income when calculating the Company's taxable equivalent loan yields and net interest margin, respectively. Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate ongoing operating results and to assess ongoing profitability. The reconciliations from GAAP to non-GAAP for these financial measures can be seen in “Results of Operation.”
Certain other non-GAAP financial measures that we use adjust GAAP financial measures to exclude for merger and conversion expenses, debt prepayment penalties, loss share termination expense and otherwise intangible assets. Management uses these measures to evaluate net income from our ongoing business and capital utilization. In addition, the Company believes that these non-GAAP financial measures, and those mentioned above, facilitate the making of period-to-period comparisons and provide useful information to investors, analysts, regulators and other users of the financial statements by excluding certain items specific to our mergers and acquisition activities and allow these readers to more easily compare the Company's results to the results of other companies without similar mergers and acquisitions activities. The reconciliations from GAAP to non-GAAP for these financial measures are below.

Return on average tangible shareholders' equity and Return on average tangible assets
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Net income (GAAP) |  | 90,930 |  |  | 68,014 |  |  | 59,582 |  |  | 33,487 |  |  | 26,637 |
Amortization of intangibles, net of tax |  | 4,518 |  |  | 4,137 |  |  | 3,889 |  |  | 2,100 |  |  | 1,099 |
Tangible net income (non-GAAP) |  | 95,448 |  |  | 72,151 |  |  | 63,471 |  |  | 35,587 |  |  | 27,736 |
Average shareholders' equity (GAAP) |  | 1,116,038 |  |  | 876,915 |  |  | 691,802 |  |  | 557,227 |  |  | 494,162 |
Intangibles |  | 491,530 |  |  | 379,469 |  |  | 301,104 |  |  | 228,632 |  |  | 191,612 |
Average tangible shareholders' equity (non-GAAP) |  | 624,508 |  |  | 497,446 |  |  | 390,698 |  |  | 328,595 |  |  | 302,550 |
Average total assets (GAAP) |  | 8,416,510 |  |  | 6,874,982 |  |  | 5,816,517 |  |  | 4,731,523 |  |  | 4,132,689 |
Intangibles |  | 491,530 |  |  | 379,469 |  |  | 301,104 |  |  | 228,632 |  |  | 191,612 |
Average tangible assets (non-GAAP) |  | 7,924,980 |  |  | 6,495,513 |  |  | 5,515,413 |  |  | 4,502,891 |  |  | 3,941,077 |
Return on (average) shareholders' equity (GAAP) |  | 8.15 | % |  | 7.76 | % |  | 8.61 | % |  | 6.01 | % |  | 5.39 | %
Effect of adjustment for intangible assets |  | 7.13 | % |  | 6.74 | % |  | 7.64 | % |  | 4.82 | % |  | 3.78 | %
Return on average tangible shareholders' equity (non-GAAP) |  | 15.28 | % |  | 14.50 | % |  | 16.25 | % |  | 10.83 | % |  | 9.17 | %
Return on (average) assets (GAAP) |  | 1.08 | % |  | 0.99 | % |  | 1.02 | % |  | 0.71 | % |  | 0.64 | %
Effect of adjustment for intangible assets |  | 0.12 | % |  | 0.12 | % |  | 0.13 | % |  | 0.08 | % |  | 0.06 | %
Return on average tangible assets (non-GAAP) |  | 1.20 | % |  | 1.11 | % |  | 1.15 | % |  | 0.79 | % |  | 0.70 | %

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Tangible common equity ratio (Tangible shareholders' equity to tangible assets)
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Actual shareholders' equity (GAAP) | 1,232,883 |  |  | 1,036,818 |  |  | 711,651 |  |  | 665,652 |  |  | 498,208 |
Intangibles | 494,608 |  |  | 474,682 |  |  | 297,330 |  |  | 304,330 |  |  | 190,925 |
Actual tangible shareholders' equity (non-GAAP) | 738,275 |  |  | 562,136 |  |  | 414,321 |  |  | 361,322 |  |  | 307,283 |
Actual total assets (GAAP) | 8,699,851 |  |  | 7,926,496 |  |  | 5,805,129 |  |  | 5,746,270 |  |  | 4,178,616 |
Intangibles | 494,608 |  |  | 474,682 |  |  | 297,330 |  |  | 304,330 |  |  | 190,925 |
Actual tangible assets (non-GAAP) | 8,205,243 |  |  | 7,451,814 |  |  | 5,507,799 |  |  | 5,441,940 |  |  | 3,987,691 |
Tangible Common Equity Ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders' equity to actual assets (GAAP) | 14.17 | % |  | 13.08 | % |  | 12.26 | % |  | 11.58 | % |  | 11.92 | %
Effect of adjustment for intangible assets | 5.17 | % |  | 5.54 | % |  | 4.74 | % |  | 4.94 | % |  | 4.21 | %
Tangible shareholders' equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP) | 9.00 | % |  | 7.54 | % |  | 7.52 | % |  | 6.64 | % |  | 7.71 | %

Return on average tangible shareholders' equity and Return on average tangible assets with exclusions
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Net income (GAAP) |  | 90,930 |  |  | 68,014 |  |  | 59,582 |
Merger and conversion expense, net of tax |  | 2,694 |  |  | 7,918 |  |  | 481 |
Debt prepayment penalties, net of tax |  | 1,700 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loss share termination, net of tax |  | 1,495 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net income with exclusions (non-GAAP) |  | 96,819 |  |  | 75,932 |  |  | 60,063 |
Amortization of intangibles, net of tax |  | 4,518 |  |  | 4,137 |  |  | 3,889 |
Tangible net income with exclusions (non-GAAP) |  | 101,337 |  |  | 80,069 |  |  | 63,952 |
Average shareholders' equity (GAAP) |  | 1,116,038 |  |  | 876,915 |  |  | 691,802 |
Intangibles |  | 491,530 |  |  | 379,469 |  |  | 301,104 |
Average tangible shareholders' equity (non-GAAP) |  | 624,508 |  |  | 497,446 |  |  | 390,698 |
Average total assets (GAAP) |  | 8,416,510 |  |  | 6,874,982 |  |  | 5,816,517 |
Intangibles |  | 491,530 |  |  | 379,469 |  |  | 301,104 |
Average tangible assets (non-GAAP) |  | 7,924,980 |  |  | 6,495,513 |  |  | 5,515,413 |
Return on average shareholders' equity with exclusions (non-GAAP) |  | 8.68 | % |  | 8.66 | % |  | 8.68 | %
Effect of adjustment for intangible assets |  | 7.55 | % |  | 7.44 | % |  | 7.69 | %
Return on average tangible shareholders' equity with exclusions (non-GAAP) |  | 16.23 | % |  | 16.10 | % |  | 16.37 | %
Return on average assets with exclusions (non-GAAP) |  | 1.15 | % |  | 1.10 | % |  | 1.03 | %
Effect of adjustment for intangible assets |  | 0.13 | % |  | 0.13 | % |  | 0.13 | %
Return on average tangible assets with exclusions(non-GAAP) |  | 1.28 | % |  | 1.23 | % |  | 1.16 | %

The presentation of non-GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any measure prepared in accordance with GAAP. Readers of this Form 10-K should note that, because there are no standard definitions for how to calculate the non-GAAP financial measures that we use as well as the results, the Company's calculations may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures presented by other companies. Also there may be limits in the usefulness of these measures to readers of this document. As a result, the Company encourages readers to consider its consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure.
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Financial Condition
The following discussion provides details regarding the changes in significant balance sheet accounts at December 31, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
Total assets were $8,699,851 at December 31, 2016 compared to $7,926,496 at December 31, 2015 and $5,805,129 at December 31, 2014. The acquisition of KeyWorth increased total assets $415,232 at April 1, 2016, and the acquisition of Heritage increased total assets $2,019,977 at July 1, 2015.
Investments
The securities portfolio is used to provide a source for meeting liquidity needs and to supply securities to be used in collateralizing certain deposits and other types of borrowings. The following table shows the carrying value of our securities portfolio by investment type and the percentage of such investment type relative to the entire securities portfolio, at December 31:

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
| Balance |  | % of Portfolio |  | Balance |  | % of Portfolio |  | Balance |  | % of Portfolio
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations | $ | 16,259 |  |  | 1.58 | % |  | $ | 107,355 |  |  | 9.71 | % |  | $ | 131,228 |  |  | 13.34 | %
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 342,181 |  |  | 33.20 |  |  | 357,245 |  |  | 32.32 |  |  | 305,082 |  |  | 31.01 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 631,556 |  |  | 61.29 |  |  | 597,463 |  |  | 54.07 |  |  | 506,152 |  |  | 51.45 |
Trust preferred securities | 18,389 |  |  | 1.78 |  |  | 19,469 |  |  | 1.76 |  |  | 19,756 |  |  | 2.01 |
Other debt securities | 22,145 |  |  | 2.15 |  |  | 19,333 |  |  | 1.75 |  |  | 17,930 |  |  | 1.82 |
Other equity securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,340 |  |  | 0.39 |  |  | 3,599 |  |  | 0.37 |
| $ | 1,030,530 |  |  | 100.00 | % |  | $ | 1,105,205 |  |  | 100.00 | % |  | $ | 983,747 |  |  | 100.00 | %

The balance of our securities portfolio at December 31, 2016 decreased $74,675 to $1,030,530 from $1,105,205 at December 31, 2015. The KeyWorth acquisition increased the securities portfolio approximately $69,395 at the acquisition date. The securities portfolio experienced an overall decrease as proceeds from maturities, calls and sales of securities were primarily utilized to fund loan growth during the year. During 2016, we purchased $155,400 in investment securities. Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), in the aggregate, comprised 86.01% of the purchases. Cash flows from maturities and calls of government agency securities, which are generally our lowest yielding securities, that were not used to fund loan growth were reinvested in Mortgage-backed securities and CMOs, which were earning higher yields as interest rates increased throughout the year. CMOs are included in the “Mortgage-backed securities” line item in the above table. The mortgage-backed securities and CMOs held in our investment portfolio are issued by government sponsored entities. There were $2,842 of securities sold during 2016 resulting in a net gain of $1,186. Proceeds from maturities, calls and sales of securities during 2016 totaled $281,792.
The balance of our investment portfolio at December 31, 2015 increased $121,458 to $1,105,205 compared to $983,747 at December 31, 2014. During 2015, we purchased $216,141 in investment securities. Mortgage-backed securities and CMOs, in the aggregate, comprised 33.36% of the purchases. U.S. Government Agency securities and municipal securities accounted for 46.73% and 19.91%, respectively, of total securities purchased in 2015. The carrying value of securities sold during 2015 totaled $8,348 resulting in a net gain of $96. Proceeds from maturities, calls and sales of securities during 2015 totaled $265,556.
At December 31, 2016, unrealized losses of $16,065 were recorded on available for sale investment securities with a carrying value of $494,619. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, unrealized losses of $9,545 and $10,466, respectively, were recorded on investment securities with a carrying value of $309,549 and $203,467, respectively. The Company does not intend to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell any such security prior to the recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may be maturity. Furthermore, even though a number of these securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for a period greater than twelve months, the Company experienced an overall improvement in the fair value of its investment portfolio through the third quarter of 2016. However, with the upward shift in the interest rate curve in the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company experienced a large decrease in the fair value of the securities portfolio. Still, the Company is collecting principal and interest payments from the respective securities as scheduled. Accordingly, the Company did not record any other-than-temporary impairment for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 or 2014.
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The Company holds investments in pooled trust preferred securities. This portfolio had a cost basis of $23,749 and $24,770 and a fair value of $18,389 and $19,469 at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The investment in pooled trust preferred securities consists of three securities representing interests in various tranches of trusts collateralized by debt issued by over 250 financial institutions. Management’s determination of the fair value of each of its holdings is based on the current credit ratings, the known deferrals and defaults by the underlying issuing financial institutions and the degree to which future deferrals and defaults would be required to occur before the cash flow for our tranches is negatively impacted. The Company’s quarterly evaluation of these investments for other-than-temporary-impairment resulted in no additional write-downs during 2016, 2015 or 2014. Furthermore, the Company’s analysis of the pooled trust preferred securities during the second quarter of 2015 supported a return to accrual status for one of the three securities (XXVI). During the second quarter of 2014, the Company’s analysis supported a return to accrual status for one of the other securities (XXIII). An observed history of principal and interest payments combined with improved qualitative and quantitative factors described above justified the accrual of interest on these securities. Based on the qualitative and quantitative factors described above, a return to accrual status of the remaining security (XXIV) is not justified at this time and as a result, pooled trust preferred security XXIV remains classified as a nonaccruing asset at December 31, 2016. Investment interest on this security is recorded on the cash-basis method until qualifying for return to accrual status. For more information about the Company’s trust preferred securities, see Note 3, “Securities,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in this report.
Loans
Loans, excluding mortgage loans held for sale, are the Company’s most significant earning asset, comprising 71.30%, 68.30% and 68.70% of total assets at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The table below sets forth the balance of loans outstanding by loan type at December 31:

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 717,490 |  |  | $ | 636,837 |  |  | $ | 483,283 |  |  | $ | 468,963 |  |  | $ | 317,050 |
Lease financing | 46,841 |  |  | 34,815 |  |  | 10,114 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 195 |
Real estate – construction | 552,679 |  |  | 357,665 |  |  | 212,061 |  |  | 161,436 |  |  | 105,706 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 1,878,177 |  |  | 1,735,323 |  |  | 1,236,360 |  |  | 1,208,233 |  |  | 903,423 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 2,898,895 |  |  | 2,533,729 |  |  | 1,956,914 |  |  | 1,950,572 |  |  | 1,426,643 |
Installment loans to individuals | 108,627 |  |  | 115,093 |  |  | 89,142 |  |  | 91,762 |  |  | 57,241 |
Total loans, net of unearned income | $ | 6,202,709 |  |  | $ | 5,413,462 |  |  | $ | 3,987,874 |  |  | $ | 3,881,018 |  |  | $ | 2,810,258 |

The following table presents the percentage of loans, by category, to total loans at December 31 for the last five years:

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Commercial, financial, agricultural | 11.57 | % |  | 11.76 | % |  | 12.12 | % |  | 12.08 | % |  | 11.28 | %
Lease financing | 0.75 |  |  | 0.64 |  |  | 0.25 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.01 |
Real estate – construction | 8.91 |  |  | 6.61 |  |  | 5.32 |  |  | 4.16 |  |  | 3.76 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 30.28 |  |  | 32.06 |  |  | 31.00 |  |  | 31.13 |  |  | 32.15 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 46.74 |  |  | 46.80 |  |  | 49.07 |  |  | 50.26 |  |  | 50.76 |
Installment loans to individuals | 1.75 |  |  | 2.13 |  |  | 2.24 |  |  | 2.37 |  |  | 2.04 |
Total | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | %

Loan concentrations are considered to exist when there are amounts loaned to a number of borrowers engaged in similar activities which would cause them to be similarly impacted by economic or other conditions. At December 31, 2016, there were no concentrations of loans exceeding 10% of total loans other than loans disclosed in the table above.
Total loans at December 31, 2016 were $6,202,709, an increase of $789,247 from $5,413,462 at December 31, 2015. The KeyWorth acquisition increased the loan portfolio $272,330 at the acquisition date. Total loans increased $1,425,588 in 2015, up from $3,987,874 at December 31, 2014. The increase in 2015 was primarily attributable to the acquisition of Heritage on July 1, 2015 which added $1,130,070 in loans on the purchase date.
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Non purchased loans at December 31, 2016 were $4,713,572, compared to $3,830,434 at December 31, 2015 and $3,267,486 at December 31, 2014. Since 2014, the Company experienced loan growth across all categories of loans with loans from our specialty commercial business lines, which consist of our asset-based lending, healthcare, factoring, and equipment lease financing banking groups as well as loans meeting the criteria to be guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”), contributing $55,705 of the total increase in loans from December 31, 2015 and $72,967 of the total increase in loans from December 31, 2014.
Looking at the change in loans geographically, non purchased loans in our Mississippi, Tennessee and Georgia markets increased by $137,819, $142,026 and $366,720, respectively, while non purchased loans in our Alabama and Florida markets (collectively referred to as our “Central Region”) increased by $236,573 when compared to December 31, 2015. The Company entered its Florida markets on July 1, 2015 as a result of the Heritage acquisition and increased its presence in the expanding Atlanta metro market with the acquisition of KeyWorth in April 2016.
During 2010 and 2011, the Bank acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed substantially all of the deposits and certain other liabilities of the following two failed financial institutions in FDIC-assisted acquisitions:

• | July 2010, Crescent Bank and Trust Company (Jasper, GA)

• | February 2011, American Trust Bank (Roswell, GA)

During 2015, in connection with the acquisition of HeritageBank of the South, the Bank assumed two additional loss share agreements:

• | February 2011, Citizens Bank of Effingham (Springfield, GA)

• | August 2011, First Southern National Bank (Statesboro, GA)

A significant portion of the loans and foreclosed assets acquired in each of these FDIC-assisted acquisitions were subject to loss share agreements with the FDIC whereby the Company was indemnified against a portion of the losses on such loans and foreclosed assets.
On December 8, 2016, the Bank entered into an agreement with the FDIC that terminated all of the Bank’s loss share agreements, resulting in a payment by us to the FDIC of $4.8 million. All rights and obligations of the parties under these loss share agreements, including the claw-back provisions, terminated effective December 8, 2016. As a result, all recoveries, gains, charge-offs, losses and expenses related to assets previously covered under loss share are recognized entirely by us going forward. Notwithstanding the termination of loss share with the FDIC, the terms of the purchase and assumption agreements for each of these FDIC assisted acquisitions continue to require the FDIC to indemnify us against certain claims, including claims with respect to assets, liabilities or any affiliate not acquired or otherwise assumed by the Bank and with respect to claims based on any action by directors, officers or employees of the relevant failed financial institutions. At the date of termination, loans and assets that were previously subject to the loss share agreements were reclassified from purchased and covered loans to purchased loans. At December 31, 2016, the Company had $28,090 million in loans and $487 in other real estate owned (“OREO”) which had been previously covered under these loss share agreements.
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Loans purchased in previous acquisitions, including the loans formerly covered under loss sharing agreements (collectively referred to as “purchased loans” totaled $1,489,137, $1,583,028 and $720,388 at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.The following tables provide a breakdown of non purchased loans and purchased loans from previous acquisitions as of the dates presented:

| December 31, 2016
| Non Purchased |  | Purchased and Covered |  | Purchased |  | Total Loans
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 589,290 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 128,200 |  |  | $ | 717,490 |
Lease financing | 46,841 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 46,841 |
Real estate – construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | 197,029 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,282 |  |  | 216,311 |
Commercial | 285,638 |  |  | — |  |  | 49,471 |  |  | 335,109 |
Condominiums | 1,259 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,259 |
Total real estate – construction | 483,926 |  |  |  |  | 68,753 |  |  | 552,679 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary | 747,678 |  |  | — |  |  | 281,721 |  |  | 1,029,399 |
Home equity | 400,448 |  |  | — |  |  | 86,151 |  |  | 486,599 |
Rental/investment | 219,237 |  |  | — |  |  | 62,917 |  |  | 282,154 |
Land development | 58,367 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,658 |  |  | 80,025 |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 1,425,730 |  |  |  |  | 452,447 |  |  | 1,878,177 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | 833,509 |  |  | — |  |  | 378,756 |  |  | 1,212,265 |
Non-owner occupied | 1,106,727 |  |  | — |  |  | 397,404 |  |  | 1,504,131 |
Land development | 134,901 |  |  | — |  |  | 47,598 |  |  | 182,499 |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | 2,075,137 |  |  | — |  |  | 823,758 |  |  | 2,898,895 |
Installment loans to individuals | 92,648 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,979 |  |  | 108,627 |
Total loans, net of unearned income | $ | 4,713,572 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,489,137 |  |  | $ | 6,202,709 |

| December 31, 2015
| Non Purchased |  | Purchased and Covered |  | Purchased |  | Total Loans
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 485,407 |  |  | $ | 2,406 |  |  | $ | 149,024 |  |  | $ | 636,837 |
Lease financing | 34,815 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34,815 |
Real estate – construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | 123,711 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 44,813 |  |  | 168,615 |
Commercial | 166,006 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 20,524 |  |  | 186,569 |
Condominiums | 1,984 |  |  | — |  |  | 497 |  |  | 2,481 |
Total real estate – construction | 291,701 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 65,834 |  |  | 357,665 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary | 661,135 |  |  | 27,270 |  |  | 343,504 |  |  | 1,031,909 |
Home equity | 304,045 |  |  | 9,120 |  |  | 69,090 |  |  | 382,255 |
Rental/investment | 196,217 |  |  | 7,686 |  |  | 48,063 |  |  | 251,966 |
Land development | 42,831 |  |  | 1,912 |  |  | 24,450 |  |  | 69,193 |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 1,204,228 |  |  | 45,988 |  |  | 485,107 |  |  | 1,735,323 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | 709,598 |  |  | 15,297 |  |  | 357,659 |  |  | 1,082,554 |
Non-owner occupied | 896,060 |  |  | 24,343 |  |  | 351,856 |  |  | 1,272,259 |
Land development | 123,391 |  |  | 4,910 |  |  | 50,615 |  |  | 178,916 |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | 1,729,049 |  |  | 44,550 |  |  | 760,130 |  |  | 2,533,729 |
Installment loans to individuals | 85,234 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 29,791 |  |  | 115,093 |
Total loans, net of unearned income | $ | 3,830,434 |  |  | $ | 93,142 |  |  | $ | 1,489,886 |  |  | $ | 5,413,462 |

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| December 31, 2014
| Purchased Loans |  | Purchased and Covered |  | Non-Purchased Loans |  | Total Loans
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 418,501 |  |  | $ | 6,684 |  |  | $ | 58,098 |  |  | $ | 483,283 |
Lease financing | 10,114 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 10,114 |
Real estate – construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | 92,183 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,090 |  |  | 93,273 |
Commercial | 116,129 |  |  | — |  |  | 134 |  |  | 116,263 |
Condominiums | 2,525 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,525 |
Total real estate – construction | 210,837 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,224 |  |  | 212,061 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary | 563,750 |  |  | 15,827 |  |  | 122,158 |  |  | 701,735 |
Home equity | 256,321 |  |  | 8,875 |  |  | 30,840 |  |  | 296,036 |
Rental/investment | 153,230 |  |  | 15,618 |  |  | 22,031 |  |  | 190,879 |
Land development | 41,111 |  |  | 3,697 |  |  | 2,902 |  |  | 47,710 |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 1,014,412 |  |  | 44,017 |  |  | 177,931 |  |  | 1,236,360 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | 649,402 |  |  | 47,658 |  |  | 168,301 |  |  | 865,361 |
Non-owner occupied | 775,364 |  |  | 29,737 |  |  | 139,327 |  |  | 944,428 |
Land development | 114,184 |  |  | 14,909 |  |  | 18,032 |  |  | 147,125 |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | 1,538,950 |  |  | 92,304 |  |  | 325,660 |  |  | 1,956,914 |
Installment loans to individuals | 74,672 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 14,434 |  |  | 89,142 |
Total loans, net of unearned income | $ | 3,267,486 |  |  | $ | 143,041 |  |  | $ | 577,347 |  |  | $ | 3,987,874 |

Loans secured by real estate represented 85.93%, 85.47%, 85.39%, 85.55% and 86.67% of the Company’s total loan portfolio at December 31, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The following table provides further details of the types of loans in the Company’s loan portfolio secured by real estate at December 31:

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Real estate – construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | $ | 216,311 |  |  | $ | 168,615 |  |  | $ | 93,273 |  |  | $ | 72,132 |  |  | $ | 48,453 |
Commercial | 335,109 |  |  | 186,569 |  |  | 116,263 |  |  | 88,777 |  |  | 56,201 |
Condominiums | 1,259 |  |  | 2,481 |  |  | 2,525 |  |  | 527 |  |  | 1,052 |
Total real estate – construction | 552,679 |  |  | 357,665 |  |  | 212,061 |  |  | 161,436 |  |  | 105,706 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary | 1,029,399 |  |  | 1,031,909 |  |  | 701,735 |  |  | 702,451 |  |  | 466,282 |
Home equity | 486,599 |  |  | 382,255 |  |  | 296,036 |  |  | 244,036 |  |  | 198,781 |
Rental/investment | 282,154 |  |  | 251,966 |  |  | 190,879 |  |  | 193,366 |  |  | 156,956 |
Land development | 80,025 |  |  | 69,193 |  |  | 47,710 |  |  | 68,380 |  |  | 81,404 |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 1,878,177 |  |  | 1,735,323 |  |  | 1,236,360 |  |  | 1,208,233 |  |  | 903,423 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | 1,212,265 |  |  | 1,082,554 |  |  | 865,361 |  |  | 789,918 |  |  | 640,906 |
Non-owner occupied | 1,504,131 |  |  | 1,272,259 |  |  | 944,428 |  |  | 989,158 |  |  | 638,486 |
Land development | 182,499 |  |  | 178,916 |  |  | 147,125 |  |  | 171,496 |  |  | 147,251 |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | 2,898,895 |  |  | 2,533,729 |  |  | 1,956,914 |  |  | 1,950,572 |  |  | 1,426,643 |
Total loans secured by real estate | $ | 5,329,751 |  |  | $ | 4,626,717 |  |  | $ | 3,405,335 |  |  | $ | 3,320,241 |  |  | $ | 2,435,772 |

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Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
Mortgage loans held for sale were $177,866 at December 31, 2016 compared to $225,254 at December 31, 2015 and $25,628 at December 31, 2014. Increasing interest rates during the fourth quarter of 2016 reduced mortgage loan production during the final quarter of the year resulting in the decrease in mortgage loans held for sale at December 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015. The increase in mortgage loans held for sale from 2014 is attributable to the addition of the Heritage mortgage operations and increased production in Renasant’s existing mortgage operations. Originations of mortgage loans to be sold totaled $1,951,144 in 2016, $1,483,937 in 2015 and $547,402 in 2014.
Mortgage loans to be sold are sold either on a “best efforts” basis or under a “mandatory delivery” sales agreement. Under a “best efforts” sales agreement, residential real estate originations are locked in at a contractual rate with third party private investors or directly with government sponsored agencies, and the Company is obligated to sell the mortgages to such investors only if the mortgages are closed and funded. The risk we assume is conditioned upon loan underwriting and market conditions in the national mortgage market. Under a “mandatory delivery” sales agreement, the Company commits to deliver a certain principal amount of mortgage loans to an investor at a specified price and delivery date. Penalties are paid to the investor if we fail to satisfy the contract. Gains and losses are realized at the time consideration is received and all other criteria for sales treatment have been met. These loans are typically sold within thirty to forty days after the loan is funded. Although loan fees and some interest income are derived from mortgage loans held for sale, the main source of income is gains from the sale of these loans in the secondary market.
Deposits

Noninterest-Bearing Deposits to Total Deposits
2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
22.12% |  | 20.56% |  | 19.01%

The Company relies on deposits as its major source of funds. Total deposits were $7,059,137, $6,218,602 and $4,838,418 at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Noninterest-bearing deposits were $1,561,357, $1,278,337 and $919,872 at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, while interest-bearing deposits were $5,497,780, $4,940,265 and $3,918,546 at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The acquisition of KeyWorth increased total deposits by $348,961 at the acquisition date. This consisted of noninterest-bearing deposits of $73,077 and interest-bearing deposits of $275,884. The increase in deposits in 2015 is primarily due to the acquisition of Heritage. The acquisition of Heritage increased total deposits by $1,375,354 at the acquisition date. This consisted of noninterest-bearing deposits of $279,123 and interest-bearing deposits of $1,096,231. Management continues to focus on growing and maintaining a stable source of funding, specifically core deposits. Under certain circumstances, however, management may elect to acquire non-core deposits in the form of public fund deposits or time deposits. The source of funds that we select depends on the terms and how those terms assist us in mitigating interest rate risk, maintaining our liquidity position and managing our net interest margin. Accordingly, funds are only acquired when needed and at a rate that is prudent under the circumstances.
Public fund deposits are those of counties, municipalities or other political subdivisions and may be readily obtained based on the Company’s pricing bid in comparison with competitors. Since public fund deposits are obtained through a bid process, these deposit balances may fluctuate as competitive and market forces change. The Company has focused on growing stable sources of deposits to reduce reliance on public fund deposits. However, the Company continues to participate in the bidding process for public fund deposits when it is reasonable under the circumstances. Our public fund transaction accounts are principally obtained from municipalities including school boards and utilities. Public fund deposits at December 31, 2016 were $894,321 compared to $775,385 at December 31, 2015 and $654,423 at December 31, 2014.
Looking at the change in deposits geographically, deposits in our Mississippi and Tennessee markets increased $240,501 and $88,095, respectively, from December 31, 2015, while deposits in our Central Region increased $103,884 from December 31, 2015. Excluding the contribution from KeyWorth, deposits in our Georgia markets increased $79,763 from December 31, 2015.
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Borrowed Funds
Total borrowings include securities sold under agreements to repurchase, short-term borrowings, advances from the FHLB, subordinated notes and junior subordinated debentures and are classified on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either short-term borrowings or long-term debt. Short-term borrowings have original maturities less than one year and typically include securities sold under agreements to repurchase, federal funds purchased and short-term FHLB advances. There was $109,676 of short-term borrowings on the balance sheet at December 31, 2016, consisting of security repurchase agreements of $9,676 and short-term borrowings from the FHLB of $100,000 compared to security repurchase agreements of $22,279 and short-term borrowings from the FHLB of $400,000 at December 31, 2015. The decrease in short-term borrowings is related to the increase in deposits mentioned above as well as the addition of the subordinated notes discussed below, the proceeds of which were used to repay certain short-term FHLB advances.
At December 31, 2016, long-term debt totaled $202,459 compared to $148,217 at December 31, 2015. Funds are borrowed from the FHLB primarily to match-fund against certain loans, negating interest rate exposure when rates rise. Such match-funded loans are typically large, fixed rate commercial or real estate loans with long-term maturities. Long-term FHLB advances were $8,542 and $52,930 at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. During 2016, the Company prepaid $42,369 in long-term FHLB advances and incurred prepayment penalties of $2,539. At December 31, 2016, there were no long-term FHLB advances outstanding scheduled to mature within twelve months or less. The Company had $2,633,543 of availability on unused lines of credit with the FHLB at December 31, 2016 compared to $1,659,779 at December 31, 2015. The cost of our FHLB advances was 4.02%, 4.14% and 4.15% for 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.
The Company owns the outstanding common securities of business trusts that issued corporation-obligated mandatorily redeemable preferred capital securities to third-party investors. The trusts used the proceeds from the issuance of their preferred capital securities and common securities (collectively referred to as “capital securities”) to buy floating rate junior subordinated debentures issued by the Company (or by companies that the Company subsequently acquired.) The debentures are the trusts’ only assets and interest payments from the debentures finance the distributions paid on the capital securities. The Company’s junior subordinated debentures totaled $95,643 at December 31, 2016 compared to $95,095 at December 31, 2015 and $94,574 at December 31, 2014. For more information about the terms and conditions of the debentures, see Note 13, “Long Term Debt,” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in this report.
On August 22, 2016, the Company completed an underwritten public offering and sale of $60,000 of its 5.00% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due September 1, 2026, and $40,000 of its 5.50% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due September 1, 2031 (collectively, the “Notes”). The Notes were sold at par, resulting in net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and expenses, of $98,167. The Company has used, and intends to continue to use, the net proceeds from the Notes offerings for general corporate purposes, which may include providing capital to support the Company's growth organically or through strategic acquisitions, repaying indebtedness and financing investments and capital expenditures, and for investments in the Bank as regulatory capital. The Notes qualify as Tier 2 capital under the current regulatory guidelines. For more information about the terms and conditions of the Notes, see Note 13, “Long Term Debt,” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in this report.
Results of Operations
Net Income
Net income for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $90,930 compared to net income of $68,014 for the year ended December 31, 2015 and $59,582 for the year ended December 31, 2014. Basic earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $2.18 as compared to $1.89 for each of the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. Diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $2.17 as compared to $1.88 for each of the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.
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The Company incurred expenses and charges in connection with certain transactions that are considered to be infrequent or non-recurring in nature. The following table presents the impact of these charges on reported earnings per share for the dates presented:

| Twelve Months Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
| Pre-tax | After-tax | Impact to Diluted EPS |  | Pre-tax | After-tax | Impact to Diluted EPS |  | Pre-tax | After-tax | Impact to Diluted EPS
Merger and Conversion expenses | $ | 4,023 |  | $ | 2,694 |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 11,614 |  | $ | 7,918 |  | $ | 0.23 |  |  | $ | 694 |  | $ | 481 |  | $ | 0.02 |
Debt prepayment penalty | 2,539 |  | 1,700 |  | 0.04 |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Loss share termination | 2,053 |  | 1,495 |  | 0.04 |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |

Net Interest Income
Net interest income, the difference between interest earned on assets and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities, is the largest component of our net income, comprising 69.15% of total net revenue in 2016. Total net revenue consists of net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis and noninterest income. The primary concerns in managing net interest income are the volume, mix and repricing of assets and liabilities.
Net interest income increased 24.71% to $300,991 for 2016 compared to $241,358 in 2015 and $202,482 in 2014. On a tax equivalent basis, net interest income increased $59,389 to $308,002 in 2016 as compared to $248,613 and $209,319 in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Net interest margin, the tax equivalent net yield on earning assets, increased to 4.22% during 2016 from 4.16% in 2015 and 4.12% in 2014. Net interest margin, excluding accretable yield, was 3.82% for 2016 compared to 3.83% for 2015 and 3.80% for 2014. The following table presents the reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to reported net interest margin.

| Twelve months ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Taxable equivalent net interest income, as reported | $ | 308,002 |  |  | $ | 248,613 |  |  | $ | 209,319 |
Accretable yield recognized on purchased loans(1) | 29,614 |  |  | 20,024 |  |  | 16,025 |
Net interest income, excluding accretable yield | $ | 278,388 |  |  | $ | 228,589 |  |  | $ | 193,294 |
Average earning assets | $ | 7,296,296 |  |  | $ | 5,974,000 |  |  | $ | 5,081,763 |
Net interest margin, as reported | 4.22 | % |  | 4.16 | % |  | 4.12 | %
Net interest margin, excluding accretable yield | 3.82 | % |  | 3.83 | % |  | 3.80 | %

(1) | Includes additional interest income recognized in connection with the acceleration of paydowns and payoffs from purchased loans of $14,733, $9,130 and $9,474 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which increased net interest margin by 20 basis points, 15 basis points and 19 basis points for the same periods, respectively.

Net interest margin and net interest income are influenced by internal and external factors. Internal factors include balance sheet changes on both volume and mix and pricing decisions. External factors include changes in market interest rates, competition and the shape of the interest rate yield curve.
Interest income, on a tax equivalent basis, was $336,149 for 2016 compared to $270,278 for 2015, an increase of $65,871. Interest income, on a tax equivalent basis, was $233,246 for 2014. This increase in interest income, on a tax equivalent basis, is due primarily to the additional earning assets from the KeyWorth and Heritage acquisitions and loan growth in the Company's non purchased loan portfolio as well as an increase in loan yields due to higher levels of accretable yield from the purchased loan portfolios. Overall, after excluding the impact from purchase accounting adjustments, the Company continues to experience downward pressure on earning asset yields as a result of replacing higher rate maturing assets with new or renewed assets at current market rates which are generally lower due to the current interest rate environment.
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The following table presents the percentage of total average earning assets, by type and yield, for 2016, 2015 and 2014:

| Percentage of Total |  | Yield
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Loans | 84.06 | % |  | 80.95 | % |  | 77.55 | % |  | 4.95 | % |  | 4.91 | % |  | 5.10 | %
Securities | 14.71 |  |  | 17.80 |  |  | 19.73 |  |  | 2.97 |  |  | 3.07 |  |  | 3.19 |
Other | 1.23 |  |  | 1.25 |  |  | 2.72 |  |  | 0.51 |  |  | 0.29 |  |  | 0.29 |
Total earning assets | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 4.61 | % |  | 4.52 | % |  | 4.59 | %

In 2016 loan income, on a tax equivalent basis, increased $66,422 to $303,830 from $237,408 in 2015. Loan income, on a tax equivalent basis, was $200,844 in 2014. The average balance of loans was $6,133,171 in 2016 compared to $4,836,002 and $3,941,015 in 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase in loan income and the average balance of loans from 2014 to 2016 is primarily due to the acquisitions of KeyWorth and Heritage as well as increased production in the commercial and secondary mortgage loan markets.
The tax equivalent yield on loans was 4.95% for 2016, a 4 basis point increase from the same period in 2015. The increase in loan yields was primarily a result of higher levels of accelerated accretion recognized in 2016 when compared to 2015 resulting from higher levels of payoffs from the purchased loan portfolio. The tax equivalent yield on loans was 4.91% for 2015 compared to 5.10% in 2014. The decrease in loan yields from 2014 to 2015 was primarily a result of replacing higher rate maturing loans with new or renewed loans at current market rates which were generally lower at the time. The Bank experienced higher levels of accelerated accretion in 2015 when compared to 2014, however, the decrease in loan yield during the same period is a result of the increase in average loan balance resulting from our acquisition of Heritage. Excluding accretable yield, the tax equivalent yield on loans was 4.47% for 2016 compared to 4.50% for 2015 and 4.69% for 2014. The following table presents the reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to reported taxable equivalent yield on loans.

| Twelve months ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Taxable equivalent interest income on loans, as reported | $ | 303,830 |  |  | $ | 237,408 |  |  | $ | 200,844 |
Accretable yield recognized on purchased loans(1) | 29,614 |  |  | 20,024 |  |  | 16,025 |
Taxable equivalent interest income on loans, excluding accretable yield | $ | 274,216 |  |  | $ | 217,384 |  |  | $ | 184,819 |
Average loans | $ | 6,133,171 |  |  | $ | 4,836,002 |  |  | $ | 3,941,015 |
Taxable equivalent loan yield, as reported | 4.95 | % |  | 4.91 | % |  | 5.10 | %
Taxable equivalent loan yield, excluding accretable yield | 4.47 | % |  | 4.50 | % |  | 4.69 | %

(1) | Includes additional interest income recognized in connection with the acceleration of paydowns and payoffs from purchased loans of $14,733, $9,130 and $9,474 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which increased loan yield by 24 basis points, 19 basis points and 24 basis points for the same periods, respectively.

In 2016, investment income, on a tax equivalent basis, decreased $795 to $31,860 from $32,655 in 2015. Investment income, on a tax equivalent basis, was $32,007 in 2014. The average balance in the investment portfolio in 2016 was $1,073,611 compared to $1,063,222 and $1,002,449 in 2015 and 2014, respectively. The tax equivalent yield on the investment portfolio in 2016 was 2.97% compared to 3.07% and 3.19% for 2015 and 2014, respectively. The contribution from KeyWorth in 2016 was nearly offset by a reduction in the balance of the securities portfolio. Proceeds from maturities and calls of higher yielding securities were either redeployed to fund loan growth or reinvested in lower earning securities accounting for both the decrease in the average balance of investments, excluding the impact from KeyWorth, and tax equivalent yield thereon when compared to 2015 and 2014. The reinvestment rates on securities were lower due to the generally lower interest rate environment.
Interest expense was $28,147 in 2016 compared to $21,665 and $23,927 in 2015 and 2014, respectively. The average balance of interest-bearing liabilities in 2016 was $5,727,249 compared to $4,798,579 and $4,143,386 in 2015 and 2014, respectively. The overall increase in our average balance of interest bearing liabilities since 2014 was a result of the KeyWorth and Heritage acquisition, organic deposit growth and the issuance of our subordinated notes in 2016. These increases resulted in an overall increase in interest expense in 2016 when compared to 2015 and 2014. The Company continues to seek changes in the mix of our interest-bearing liabilities in which we utilize lower costing deposits to replace higher costing liabilities, specifically time deposits. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities was 0.49% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 as compared to 0.45% and 0.58% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
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The following table presents, by type, the Company’s funding sources, which consist of total average deposits and borrowed funds, and the total cost of each funding source for each of the years presented:

| Percentage of Total |  | Cost of Funds
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Noninterest-bearing demand | 20.40 | % |  | 19.01 | % |  | 18.20 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | %
Interest-bearing demand | 42.96 |  |  | 43.82 |  |  | 43.40 |  |  | 0.19 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 0.21 |
Savings | 7.30 |  |  | 7.32 |  |  | 6.84 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  | 0.08 |
Time deposits | 22.06 |  |  | 23.50 |  |  | 27.88 |  |  | 0.73 |  |  | 0.62 |  |  | 0.81 |
Short-term borrowings | 4.96 |  |  | 3.77 |  |  | 0.44 |  |  | 0.45 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 0.17 |
Long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 0.50 |  |  | 0.98 |  |  | 1.38 |  |  | 4.02 |  |  | 4.14 |  |  | 4.15 |
Subordinated notes | 0.49 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5.45 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other long-term borrowed funds | 1.33 |  |  | 1.60 |  |  | 1.86 |  |  | 5.56 |  |  | 5.40 |  |  | 5.07 |
Total deposits and borrowed funds | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 0.39 | % |  | 0.37 | % |  | 0.47 | %

Interest expense on deposits was $17,856, $13,715 and $16,216 for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The cost of total deposits was 0.27%, 0.25%, and 0.33% for the years ending December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. The cost of interest-bearing deposits was 0.34%, 0.31% and 0.41% for the same periods. While the Company continues to focus on shifting the mix of our deposits from higher costing time deposits to lower costing interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits, the impact of these efforts on our deposits interest expense has been offset by increases in the rates offered on the Company's interest-bearing deposit accounts, including time deposits, which have been necessary to match competitive market interest rates and thereby maintain deposits as a stable sources of funding.

Average Interest-Bearing Deposits to Total Average Deposits
2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
78.00% |  | 79.71% |  | 81.10%

Interest expense on total borrowings was $10,291, $7,950 and $7,711 for the years ending December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, while the cost of total borrowings was 1.96%, 2.11% and 4.14% for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The improvement in the cost of total borrowings from previous years is driven by a higher average balance of short-term borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank which incur a much lower rate of interest. The increase in borrowing expense is attributable to the increased production in Renasant’s existing mortgage operations as well as the addition of Heritage’s mortgage operations as short-term borrowings are often used to fund mortgage loans held for sale. A more detailed discussion of the cost of our funding sources is set forth below under the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in this item. Additionally, for more information about our outstanding subordinated notes and junior subordinated debentures, see Note 13, “Long-Term Debt,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Noninterest Income

Noninterest Income to Average Assets
(Excludes securities gains/losses)
2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
1.62% |  | 1.57% |  | 1.38%

Total noninterest income includes fees generated from deposit services and other fees and commissions, income from our insurance, wealth management and mortgage banking operations, realized gains on the sale of securities and all other noninterest income. Our focus is to develop and enhance our products that generate noninterest income in order to diversify our revenue sources. Noninterest income as a percentage of total net revenues was 30.85%, 30.34% and 27.78% for 2016, 2015 and 2014.
Noninterest income was $137,415 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of $29,145, or 26.92%, as compared to $108,270 for 2015. Noninterest income was $80,509 for the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase in noninterest income and its related components is primarily attributable to the KeyWorth and Heritage acquisitions and a significant increase in mortgage revenue from the Company’s existing mortgage operations due to increased production as a result of low interest rates and recent mortgage originator hires.
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Service charges on deposit accounts include maintenance fees on accounts, per item charges, account enhancement charges for additional packaged benefits and overdraft fees. Service charges on deposit accounts were $31,875, $29,269 and $26,756 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Overdraft fees, the largest component of service charges on deposits, were $22,869 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 compared to $20,870 and $19,434 for the same period in 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Fees and commissions increased to $18,814 in 2016 as compared to $15,761 and $14,012 for the same period in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Fees and commissions include fees related to deposit services, such as ATM fees and interchange fees on debit card transactions. Interchange fees on debit card transactions, the largest component of fees and commissions, were $16,182 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 compared to $14,269 and $11,925 for the same period in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Please refer to the discussion of the Durbin Amendment under the heading “Supervision and Regulation” in Item 1, Business, for information about the potential impact on our level of interchange fees if our consolidated assets exceed $10,000,000.
Through Renasant Insurance, we offer a range of commercial and personal insurance products through major insurance carriers. Income earned on insurance products was $8,508, $8,423 and $8,194 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Contingency income is a bonus received from the insurance underwriters and is based both on commission income and claims experience on our clients’ policies during the previous year. Increases and decreases in contingency income are reflective of corresponding increases and decreases in the amount of claims paid by insurance carriers. Contingency income, which is included in “Other noninterest income” in the Consolidated Statements of Income, was $1,177, $553 and $605 for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
The Trust division within the Wealth Management segment operates on a custodial basis which includes administration of benefit plans, as well as accounting and money management for trust accounts. The division manages a number of trust accounts inclusive of personal and corporate benefit accounts, self-directed IRAs, and custodial accounts. Fees for managing these accounts are based on changes in market values of the assets under management in the account, with the amount of the fee depending on the type of account. Additionally, the Financial Services division within the Wealth Management segment provides specialized products and services to our customers, which include fixed and variable annuities, mutual funds, and stocks offered through a third party provider. Wealth Management revenue was $11,652 for 2016 compared to $9,808 for 2015 and $8,545 for 2014. The market value of trust assets under management was $3,170,174, $2,929,597 and $2,646,391 at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Mortgage banking income is derived from the origination and sale of mortgage loans and the servicing of mortgage loans that the Company has sold but retained the right to service. Although loan fees and some interest income are derived from mortgage loans held for sale, the main source of income is gains from the sale of these loans in the secondary market. Originations of mortgage loans to be sold totaled $1,951,144 in 2016, $1,483,937 in 2015 and $547,402 in 2014. The increase in mortgage loan originations from 2015 is due to an increase in mortgage activity driven by low mortgage rates and the impact of the addition of Heritage’s mortgage operations for a full year.
The following table presents the components of mortgage banking income included in noninterest income at December 31:

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Mortgage servicing income, net | $ | 268 |  |  | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | 544 |
Gain on sales of loans, net | 31,654 |  |  | 25,292 |  |  | 8,594 |
Fees, net | 17,521 |  |  | 10,396 |  |  | 5,724 |
Mortgage banking income, net | $ | 49,443 |  |  | $ | 35,815 |  |  | $ | 14,862 |

Noninterest income for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 include the Company’s sale of “other equity securities” with a carrying value of $2,842 at the time of sale for net proceeds of $4,028 resulting in a gain of $1,186. Gains on sales of securities for the twelve months ended 2015 were $96, resulting from the sale of approximately $1,117 in securities. Furthermore in 2015, the Company sold certain investments acquired from Heritage shortly after the acquisition date with a carrying value of $7,231 at the time of sale for net proceeds of $7,231, resulting in no gain or loss on the sale. Gains on sales of securities for 2014 were $375, resulting from the sale of approximately $724 in securities.
Bank-owned life insurance (“BOLI”) income is derived from changes in the cash surrender value of the bank-owned life insurance policies. BOLI income increased to $4,635 in 2016 as compared to $3,612 and $2,985 for the same period in 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase is primarily driven by the acquisitions of KeyWorth and Heritage. In connection with these acquisitions, the Company acquired BOLI with a cash surrender value of $8,376 and $25,297, respectively, at the acquisition date.
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Other noninterest income includes contingency income from our insurance underwriters, income from our SBA banking division, and other miscellaneous income. Other noninterest income was $11,302 for 2016 compared to $5,486 and $4,780 for 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase from 2015 is primarily attributable to contingency income from our insurance underwriters, discussed above, as well as income from our SBA banking division and the gains the Company realized on the sale of the guaranteed portion of loans originated by this division. SBA banking income was $5,390, $1,599 and $827 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Noninterest Expense

Noninterest Expense to Average Assets
2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
3.51% |  | 3.57% |  | 3.28%

Noninterest expense was $295,099, $245,114 and $190,937 for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase in noninterest expenses and its related components from 2015 and 2014 is primarily attributable to the KeyWorth and Heritage acquisitions. The Company recorded merger and conversion expense related to these acquisitions of $4,023, $11,614 and $694 in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. In addition to these merger and conversion expenses, the Company incurred other expenses and charges in connection with certain transactions that are considered to be infrequent or non-recurring in nature including $2,539 in debt prepayment penalties in connection with the prepayment of borrowings from the FHLB and $2,053 in expenses related to the termination of our loss share agreement in 2016. There were no such expenses in 2015 or 2014.
Salaries and employee benefits is the largest component of noninterest expenses and represented 58.44%, 59.20% and 60.29% of total noninterest expense at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. During 2016, salaries and employee benefits increased $27,337, or 18.84%, to $172,448 as compared to $145,111 for 2015. The increase in salaries and employee benefits is attributable to the addition of the KeyWorth operations and the entire twelve month impact of the Heritage operations along with strategic additions to the Company's existing operations. Salaries and employee benefits increased $30,003 in 2015 from $115,108 in 2014. The increase was primarily due to the addition of the Heritage operations and higher levels of commissions paid in our mortgage banking division.
The compensation expense recorded in connection with grants of stock options and awards of restricted stock, which is included within salaries and employee benefits, was $2,790, $3,663 and $3,649 for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. A portion of restricted stock awards in all three years were subject to the satisfaction of performance-based conditions attained. In 2016, 2015 and 2014, performance conditions were met and compensation expense was recognized in accordance with performance.
Data processing costs increased $3,472, or 24.36%, to $17,723 in 2016 from $14,251 in 2015. The increase from 2015 was primarily attributable to the KeyWorth acquisition. Data processing costs increased $2,681 in 2015 from $11,570 in 2014. The increase from 2014 was primarily attributable to the Heritage acquisition and the addition of enhancements to our products and services, including mobile banking and small business Internet banking platforms.
Net occupancy and equipment expense in 2016 was $34,394, an increase of $7,407, compared to $26,987 for 2015. The increase in occupancy and equipment expense is attributable to the addition of the KeyWorth operations, the entire twelve month impact of the Heritage operations and the addition of enhancements to our IT infrastructure in response to banking and governmental regulation and increased global risk from cyber security breaches. Net occupancy and equipment expense increased $6,735 for 2015 compared to $20,252 for 2014. In addition to the occupancy and equipment expense of Heritage operations, the increase in occupancy and equipment expense is attributable to the completion of full service banking facilities placed into operation during the fourth quarter of 2014 and an operations annex location placed into operation in the first quarter of 2015.
Expenses related to other real estate owned for 2016 were $5,696, compared to $3,045 in 2015 and $4,593 in 2014. Expenses on other real estate owned for 2016 include write downs of $3,018 of the carrying value to fair value on certain pieces of property held in other real estate owned compared to write downs of $2,157 and $2,434 in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Other real estate owned with a cost basis of $17,529 was sold during 2016, resulting in a net loss of $590 compared to other real estate owned with a cost basis of $21,424 sold during 2015 for a net gain of $582. Other real estate owned with a cost basis of $28,807 was sold during 2014, resulting in a net gain of $151.
Professional fees include fees for legal and accounting services. Professional fees were $5,358 for 2016 as compared to $4,384 for 2015 and $4,485 for 2014. Professional fees remain elevated in large part due to additional legal, accounting and consulting fees associated with compliance costs of newly enacted as well as existing banking and governmental regulation. Professional fees attributable to legal fees associated with loan workouts and foreclosure proceedings remain at higher levels in correlation with the overall economic downturn and credit deterioration identified in our loan portfolio and the Company’s efforts to bring these credits to resolution.
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Advertising and public relations expense was $7,080 for 2016, an increase of $968 compared to $6,112 for 2015. Advertising and public relations expense increased $189 for 2015 compared to $5,923 for 2014. These year-over-year increases are attributable to advertising and marketing costs associated with the Company’s expansion into new markets.
Amortization of intangible assets totaled $6,747 for 2016 compared to $6,069 for 2015 and $5,606 for 2014. This amortization relates to finite-lived intangible assets which are being amortized over the useful lives as determined at acquisition. These finite-lived intangible assets have remaining estimated useful lives ranging from .5 years to 9.5 years. The increase in amortization expense in 2016 is attributable to the amortization of the core deposit intangible recognized in connection with the KeyWorth acquisition, and the increase in 2015 is attributable to the amortization of the core deposit intangible recognized in connection with the Heritage acquisition.
Communication expenses are those expenses incurred for communication to clients and between employees. Communication expenses were $8,329 for 2016 as compared to $7,278 for 2015 and $5,949 for 2014. In addition to the contribution from the KeyWorth and Heritage acquisitions, the Company has incurred expenses to increase the bandwidth of data lines throughout our footprint, accounting for the increase in expense during the three year period ended December 31, 2016.
As mentioned previously, the Company incurred expenses and charges in connection with certain transactions that are considered to be infrequent or non-recurring in nature including merger and conversion expenses, debt prepayment penalties, and loss share termination charges. Merger and conversion expenses were $4,023 in 2016 as compared to $11,614 and $694 for the same period in 2015 and 2014, respectively. The fluctuations in these expenses are a result in the size of the acquisitions in the respective years. In 2016, the Company prepaid $42,369 in long-term FHLB advances and incurred prepayment penalties of $2,539. Also in 2016, the Bank entered into an agreement with the FDIC that terminated all of the Bank’s loss share agreements, resulting in loss share termination charges of $2,053. See further details of these charges in the table below. There were no loss share termination charges or debt prepayment penalties in 2015 and 2014.

Net cash paid to FDIC | $ | (4,849 | )
FDIC loss share receivable | (3,467 | )
FDIC clawback payable | 6,840 |
Other expenses | (577 | )
Loss on termination of loss share included in non-interest income | $ | (2,053 | )

Efficiency Ratio
2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
66.25% |  | 68.68% |  | 65.88%

The efficiency ratio is one measure of productivity in the banking industry. This ratio is calculated to measure the cost of generating one dollar of revenue. That is, the ratio is designed to reflect the percentage of one dollar which must be expended to generate that dollar of revenue. The Company calculates this ratio by dividing noninterest expense by the sum of net interest income on a fully tax equivalent basis and noninterest income. Merger expenses contributed approximately 90 basis points to the efficiency ratio for 2016 compared to 325 basis points and 24 basis points in 2015 and 2014, respectively. Debt prepayment penalties and loss share termination charges contributed approximately 57 basis points and 46 basis points, respectively, to the efficiency ratio for 2016. There were no such charges in 2015 and 2014. We remain committed to aggressively managing our costs within the framework of our business model. We expect the efficiency ratio (excluding the impact of infrequent and/or non-recurring expenses mentioned above) to continue to improve from levels currently reported as a result of revenue growth while at the same time controlling noninterest expenses.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense for 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $44,847, $31,750 and $26,305, respectively. The effective tax rates for those years were 33.03%, 31.83% and 30.63%, respectively. The increased effective tax rate for 2016 as compared to 2015 and 2014 is the result of the Company experiencing improvements in its financial results throughout 2014, 2015 and into 2016, including the contribution from KeyWorth and Heritage, resulting in higher levels of taxable income.
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Risk Management
The management of risk is an on-going process. Primary risks that are associated with the Company include credit, interest rate and liquidity risk. Credit and interest rate risk are discussed below, while liquidity risk is discussed in the next subsection under the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
Credit Risk and Allowance for Loan Losses
Inherent in any lending activity is credit risk, that is, the risk of loss should a borrower default. Credit risk is monitored and managed on an ongoing basis by a credit administration department, senior loan committee, a loss management committee and the Board of Directors loan committee. Credit quality, adherence to policies and loss mitigation are major concerns of credit administration and these committees. The Company’s central appraisal review department reviews and approves third-party appraisals obtained by the Company on real estate collateral and monitors loan maturities to ensure updated appraisals are obtained. This department is managed by a State Certified General Real Estate Appraiser and employs an additional State Certified General Real Estate appraiser, Appraisal Intern Appraiser and four evaluators.
We have a number of documented loan policies and procedures that set forth the approval and monitoring process of the lending function. Adherence to these policies and procedures is monitored by management and the Board of Directors. A number of committees and an underwriting staff oversee the lending operations of the Company. These include in-house loan and loss management committees and the Board of Directors loan committee. In addition, we maintain a loan review staff to independently monitor loan quality and lending practices. Loan review personnel monitor and, if necessary, adjust the grades assigned to loans through periodic examination, focusing its review on commercial and real estate loans rather than consumer and consumer mortgage loans.
In compliance with loan policy, the lending staff is given lending limits based on their knowledge and experience. In addition, each lending officer’s prior performance is evaluated for credit quality and compliance as a tool for establishing and enhancing lending limits. Before funds are advanced on consumer and commercial loans below certain dollar thresholds, loans are reviewed and scored using centralized underwriting methodologies. Loan quality or “risk-rating” grades are assigned based upon certain factors, which include the scoring of the loans. This information is used to assist management in monitoring the credit quality. Loan requests of amounts greater than an officer’s lending limits are reviewed by senior credit officers, in-house loan committees or the Board of Directors.
For commercial and commercial real estate secured loans, risk-rating grades are assigned by lending, credit administration or loan review personnel, based on an analysis of the financial and collateral strength and other credit attributes underlying each loan. Loan grades range from 1 to 9, with 1 being loans with the least credit risk. Allowance factors established by management are applied to the total balance of loans in each grade to determine the amount needed in the allowance for loan losses. The allowance factors are established based on historical loss ratios experienced by the Company for these loan types, as well as the credit quality criteria underlying each grade, adjusted for trends and expectations about losses inherent in our existing portfolios. In making these adjustments to the allowance factors, management takes into consideration factors which it believes are causing, or are likely in the future to cause, losses within our loan portfolio but which may not be fully reflected in our historical loss ratios. For portfolio balances of consumer, consumer mortgage and certain other similar loan types, allowance factors are determined based on historical loss ratios by portfolio for the preceding eight quarters and may be adjusted by other qualitative criteria.
The loss management committee and the Board of Directors loan committee monitor loans that are past due or those that have been downgraded and placed on the Company’s internal watch list due to a decline in the collateral value or cash flow of the debtor; the committees then adjust loan grades accordingly. This information is used to assist management in monitoring credit quality. In addition, the Company’s portfolio management committee monitors and identifies risks within the Company’s loan portfolio by focusing its efforts on reviewing and analyzing loans which are not on the Company’s internal watch list. The portfolio management committee monitors loans in portfolios or regions that management believes could be stressed or experiencing credit deterioration.
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for problem loans of $500 or greater by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. For real estate collateral, the fair market value of the collateral is based upon a recent appraisal by a qualified and licensed appraiser of the underlying collateral. When the ultimate collectability of a loan’s principal is in doubt, wholly or partially, the loan is placed on nonaccrual.
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After all collection efforts have failed, collateral securing loans may be repossessed and sold or, for loans secured by real estate, foreclosure proceedings are initiated. The collateral is sold at public auction for fair market value (based upon recent appraisals described in the above paragraph), with fees associated with the foreclosure being deducted from the sales price. The purchase price is applied to the outstanding loan balance. If the loan balance is greater than the sales proceeds, the deficient balance is sent to the Board of Directors’ loan committee for charge-off approval. These charge-offs reduce the allowance for loan losses.
The Company experienced improved credit quality measures in 2016 and while the level of charge-offs were incrementally higher than the level in 2015, attributable to bringing several problem credits to final resolution, the Company continues to see the lowest levels of charge-offs since the 2008-2009 recession. This improvement is due in part to the pace of the economic recovery, declining unemployment levels, improved labor participation rate, improved performance of the housing market, and the Company’s continued efforts to bring problem credits to resolution. The Company's practice is to charge off estimated losses as soon as such loss is identified and reasonably quantified. Net charge-offs for 2016 were $7,230, or 0.12% as a percentage of average loans, compared to net charge-offs of $4,602, or 0.10%, for 2015 and $11,543, or 0.29%, for 2014. The charge-offs in 2016 were fully reserved for in the Company’s allowance for loan losses and resulted in no additional provision for loan loss expense.
The allowance for loan losses is available to absorb probable credit losses inherent in the entire loan portfolio. The appropriate level of the allowance is based on an ongoing analysis of the loan portfolio and represents an amount that management deems adequate to provide for inherent losses, including collective impairment as recognized under ASC 450. Collective impairment is calculated based on loans grouped by grade. Another component of the allowance is losses on loans assessed as impaired under ASC 310. The balance of these loans and their related allowance is included in management’s estimation and analysis of the allowance for loan losses. Other considerations in establishing the allowance for loan losses include economic conditions reflected within industry segments, the unemployment rate in our markets, loan segmentation and historical losses that are inherent in the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is established after input from management, loan review and the loss management committee. An evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is calculated quarterly based on the types of loans, an analysis of credit losses and risk in the portfolio, economic conditions and trends within each of these factors. In addition, on a regular basis, management and the Board of Directors review loan ratios. These ratios include the allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans, net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans, the provision for loan losses as a percentage of average loans, nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans and the allowance coverage on nonperforming loans. Also, management reviews past due ratios by officer, community bank and the Company as a whole. The allowance for loan losses was $42,737, $42,437 and $42,289 at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Provision for Loan Losses to Average Loans
2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
0.13% |  | 0.10% |  | 0.16%

The provision for loan losses charged to operating expense is an amount which, in the judgment of management, is necessary to maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level that is believed to be adequate to meet the inherent risks of losses in our loan portfolio. Factors considered by management in determining the amount of the provision for loan losses include the internal risk rating of individual credits, historical and current trends in net charge-offs, trends in nonperforming loans, trends in past due loans, trends in the market values of underlying collateral securing loans and the current economic conditions in the markets in which we operate. The provision for purchased loans is calculated when there is evidence the loan has deteriorated from performance expectations established in conjunction with the determination of “Day 1 Fair Values” (which equal the outstanding customer balance of a purchased loan on the acquisition date less any credit and/or yield discount applied against the purchased loan) or since our most recent review of such portfolio’s performance. Purchased loans either (1) exceeded the performance expectations established in determining the Day 1 Fair Values, resulting in a reversal of any previous provision for such loans, or (2) deteriorated from the performance expectations established in determining the Day 1 Fair Values, resulting in partial or full charge-offs of the carrying value of such purchased loans. If the purchased loan continues to exceed expectations subsequent to the reversal of previously established provision, then an adjustment to accretable yield is warranted, which has a positive impact on interest income.
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The Company recorded a higher provision for loan losses in 2016 compared to 2015 and 2014. Since 2012, the Company has experienced lower levels of classified loans and nonperforming loans, which is illustrated in the nonperforming loan tables provided later in this section. In addition, the Company has experienced improved credit quality measures. However, the increase in the Company's provision year over year is primarily attributable to non purchased loan growth. The provision for loan losses was $7,530, $4,750 and $6,167 for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Specific reserves for impaired loans | $ | 4,141 |  |  | $ | 7,600 |  |  | $ | 10,256 |  |  | $ | 14,650 |  |  | $ | 17,597 |
Allocated reserves for remaining portfolio | 35,776 |  |  | 33,131 |  |  | 30,308 |  |  | 32,371 |  |  | 26,750 |
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 2,820 |  |  | 1,706 |  |  | 1,725 |  |  | 644 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 42,737 |  |  | $ | 42,437 |  |  | $ | 42,289 |  |  | $ | 47,665 |  |  | $ | 44,347 |

A majority of the loans purchased in the Company’s FDIC-assisted acquisitions (including the loans subject to loss share purchased as part of the Heritage acquisition) and certain loans purchased and not covered under the Company’s FDIC loss share agreements are accounted for under ASC 310-30, “Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality” (“ASC 310-30”), and are carried at values which, in management’s opinion, reflect the estimated future cash flows, based on the facts and circumstances surrounding each respective loan at the date of acquisition. As discussed in Part I , Item 1, Business, of this Form 10-K, on December 8, 2016, the Bank entered into an agreement with the FDIC that terminated all of the Bank’s loss share agreements. The termination of the Company's loss share agreements has no effect on the accounting treatment for loans. If the loan was accounted for under ASC 310-30 prior to loss share termination, the loan will continue to be accounted for under ASC 310-30 after loss share termination. The fair value of loans accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30 was $271,758 and $336,165 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company continually monitors these loans as part of our normal credit review and monitoring procedures for changes in the estimated future cash flows; to the extent future cash flows deteriorate below initial projections, the Company may be required to reserve for these loans in the allowance for loan losses through future provision for loan losses. The provision for loan losses charged to operating expense attributable to loans accounted for under ASC 310-30 totaled $2,820, $1,706 and $1,725 during 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which includes $182, $62 and $722 for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, that was attributable to loans formerly covered by loss share agreements with the FDIC.
The following table presents the allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan category at December 31 for each of the years presented.

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 5,486 |  |  | $ | 4,186 |  |  | $ | 3,305 |  |  | $ | 3,090 |  |  | $ | 3,307 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Real estate – construction | 2,380 |  |  | 1,852 |  |  | 1,415 |  |  | 1,091 |  |  | 711 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 14,294 |  |  | 13,908 |  |  | 13,549 |  |  | 18,629 |  |  | 18,347 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 19,059 |  |  | 21,111 |  |  | 22,759 |  |  | 23,688 |  |  | 21,416 |
Installment loans to individuals | 1,518 |  |  | $ | 1,380 |  |  | 1,261 |  |  | 1,167 |  |  | 565 |
Total | $ | 42,737 |  |  | $ | 42,437 |  |  | $ | 42,289 |  |  | $ | 47,665 |  |  | $ | 44,347 |

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The table below reflects the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31:

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 42,437 |  |  | $ | 42,289 |  |  | $ | 47,665 |  |  | $ | 44,347 |  |  | $ | 44,340 |
Provision for loan losses | 7,530 |  |  | 4,750 |  |  | 6,167 |  |  | 10,350 |  |  | 18,125 |
Charge-offs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | 2,725 |  |  | 943 |  |  | 1,516 |  |  | 1,184 |  |  | 4,923 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | 419 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 187 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 3,906 |  |  | 2,173 |  |  | 5,662 |  |  | 3,093 |  |  | 9,231 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 2,123 |  |  | 2,613 |  |  | 6,186 |  |  | 4,782 |  |  | 5,828 |
Installment loans to individuals | 717 |  |  | 602 |  |  | 495 |  |  | 492 |  |  | 386 |
Total charge-offs | 9,471 |  |  | 6,776 |  |  | 13,859 |  |  | 9,551 |  |  | 20,555 |
Recoveries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | 331 |  |  | 361 |  |  | 455 |  |  | 356 |  |  | 531 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | 47 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 34 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 997 |  |  | 1,064 |  |  | 1,325 |  |  | 1,044 |  |  | 1,330 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 757 |  |  | 614 |  |  | 436 |  |  | 980 |  |  | 455 |
Installment loans to individuals | 109 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 87 |
Total recoveries | 2,241 |  |  | 2,174 |  |  | 2,316 |  |  | 2,519 |  |  | 2,437 |
Net charge-offs | 7,230 |  |  | 4,602 |  |  | 11,543 |  |  | 7,032 |  |  | 18,118 |
Balance at end of year | $ | 42,737 |  |  | $ | 42,437 |  |  | $ | 42,289 |  |  | $ | 47,665 |  |  | $ | 44,347 |
Net charge-offs to average loans | 0.12 | % |  | 0.10 | % |  | 0.29 | % |  | 0.22 | % |  | 0.67 | %
Net charge-offs to allowance for loan losses | 16.92 | % |  | 10.84 | % |  | 27.30 | % |  | 14.75 | % |  | 40.86 | %
Allowance for loan losses to loans | 0.69 | % |  | 0.78 | % |  | 1.06 | % |  | 1.23 | % |  | 1.58 | %
Allowance for loan losses to loans(1) | 0.91 | % |  | 1.11 | % |  | 1.29 | % |  | 1.65 | % |  | 1.72 | %
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans(1) | 320.08 | % |  | 283.46 | % |  | 209.49 | % |  | 248.90 | % |  | 146.90 | %

(1) | Excludes loans and nonperforming loans purchased in previous acquisitions (for additional information, see the information in footnote 3 to the table in Item 6, Selected Financial Data).

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The following table provides further details of the Company’s net charge-offs of loans secured by real estate for the years ended December 31:

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Real estate – construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | $ | (45 | ) |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (33 | ) |  | $ | (75 | ) |  | $ | 149 |
Commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Condominiums | (2 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total real estate – construction | (47 | ) |  | — |  |  | (33 | ) |  | (75 | ) |  | 153 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary | 941 |  |  | 1,141 |  |  | 953 |  |  | 469 |  |  | 1,109 |
Home equity | 210 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 878 |  |  | 1,019 |  |  | 2,542 |
Rental/investment | 121 |  |  | 179 |  |  | 702 |  |  | 344 |  |  | 1,668 |
Land development | 1,637 |  |  | (279 | ) |  | 1,804 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 2,582 |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 2,909 |  |  | 1,109 |  |  | 4,337 |  |  | 2,049 |  |  | 7,901 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | 522 |  |  | 1,976 |  |  | 1,649 |  |  | 802 |  |  | 1,039 |
Non-owner occupied | 439 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 2,981 |  |  | 2,235 |  |  | 2,781 |
Land development | 405 |  |  | (154 | ) |  | 1,120 |  |  | 765 |  |  | 1,553 |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | 1,366 |  |  | 1,999 |  |  | 5,750 |  |  | 3,802 |  |  | 5,373 |
Total net charge-offs of loans secured by real estate | $ | 4,228 |  |  | $ | 3,108 |  |  | $ | 10,054 |  |  | $ | 5,776 |  |  | $ | 13,427 |

Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans, other real estate owned and nonaccruing securities available-for-sale. Nonperforming loans are those on which the accrual of interest has stopped or loans which are contractually 90 days past due on which interest continues to accrue. Generally, the accrual of interest is discontinued when the full collection of principal or interest is in doubt or when the payment of principal or interest has been contractually 90 days past due, unless the obligation is both well secured and in the process of collection. Management, the loss management committee and our loan review staff closely monitor loans that are considered to be nonperforming.
Debt securities may be transferred to nonaccrual status where the recognition of investment interest is discontinued. A number of qualitative factors, including but not limited to the financial condition of the underlying issuer and current and projected deferrals or defaults, are considered by management in the determination of whether a debt security should be transferred to nonaccrual status. The interest on these nonaccrual investment securities is accounted for on the cash-basis method until qualifying for return to accrual status. Nonaccruing securities available-for-sale consist of one of the Company’s three investments in pooled trust preferred securities issued by financial institutions, which are discussed earlier in this section under the heading “Investments”.
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The following table provides details of the Company’s nonperforming assets that are non purchased and nonperforming assets that have been purchased in one of the Company's previous acquisitions as of the dates presented. The nonperforming assets that were covered under the loss share agreements at the time of termination are included in the “Purchased” column as of December 31, 2016. The Company transferred $2,555 in purchased and covered, nonperforming loans and moved $487 in other real estate owned to the “Purchased” column following the termination of the loss share agreements.

| Non Purchased |  | Purchased and Covered |  | Purchased |  | Total
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonaccruing loans | $ | 11,273 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,347 |  |  | $ | 22,620 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | 2,079 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,815 |  |  | 12,894 |
Total nonperforming loans | 13,352 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,162 |  |  | 35,514 |
Other real estate owned | 5,929 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,370 |  |  | 23,299 |
Total nonperforming loans and OREO | 19,281 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,532 |  |  | 58,813 |
Nonaccruing securities available-for-sale, at fair value | 9,645 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,645 |
Total nonperforming assets | $ | 28,926 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 39,532 |  |  | $ | 68,458 |
Nonperforming loans to total loans |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.57 | %
Nonperforming assets to total assets |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.79 | %
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonaccruing loans | $ | 13,645 |  |  | $ | 3,319 |  |  | $ | 12,070 |  |  | $ | 29,034 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | 1,326 |  |  | 3,609 |  |  | 11,458 |  |  | 16,393 |
Total nonperforming loans | 14,971 |  |  | 6,928 |  |  | 23,528 |  |  | 45,427 |
Other real estate owned | 12,987 |  |  | 2,818 |  |  | 19,597 |  |  | 35,402 |
Total nonperforming loans and OREO | 27,958 |  |  | 9,746 |  |  | 43,125 |  |  | 80,829 |
Nonaccruing securities available-for-sale, at fair value | 10,448 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,448 |
Total nonperforming assets | $ | 38,406 |  |  | $ | 9,746 |  |  | $ | 43,125 |  |  | $ | 91,277 |
Nonperforming loans to total loans |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.84 | %
Nonperforming assets to total assets |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.15 | %
December 31, 2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonaccruing loans | $ | 18,781 |  |  | $ | 24,172 |  |  | $ | 1,443 |  |  | $ | 44,396 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | 1,406 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 9,259 |  |  | 10,713 |
Total nonperforming loans | 20,187 |  |  | 24,220 |  |  | 10,702 |  |  | 55,109 |
Other real estate owned | 17,087 |  |  | 6,368 |  |  | 11,017 |  |  | 34,472 |
Total nonperforming loans and OREO | 37,274 |  |  | 30,588 |  |  | 21,719 |  |  | 89,581 |
Nonaccruing securities available-for-sale, at fair value | 12,347 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,347 |
Total nonperforming assets | $ | 49,621 |  |  | $ | 30,588 |  |  | $ | 21,719 |  |  | $ | 101,928 |
Nonperforming loans to total loans |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.38 | %
Nonperforming assets to total assets |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.76 | %

Restructured Loans
Another category of assets which contribute to our credit risk is restructured loans. Restructured loans are those for which concessions have been granted to the borrower due to a deterioration of the borrower’s financial condition and are performing in accordance with the new terms. Such concessions may include reduction in interest rates or deferral of interest or principal payments. In evaluating whether to restructure a loan, management analyzes the long-term financial condition of the borrower, including guarantor and collateral support, to determine whether the proposed concessions will increase the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest. Restructured loans that are not performing in accordance with their restructured terms that are either contractually 90 days past due or placed on nonaccrual status are reported as nonperforming loans.
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The following table shows the principal amounts of nonperforming and restructured loans as of December 31 of each year presented. All loans where information exists about possible credit problems that would cause us to have serious doubts about the borrower’s ability to comply with the current repayment terms of the loan have been reflected in the table below.

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Nonaccruing loans | $ | 22,620 |  |  | $ | 29,034 |  |  | $ | 44,396 |  |  | $ | 72,331 |  |  | $ | 80,067 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more | 12,894 |  |  | 16,393 |  |  | 10,713 |  |  | 4,186 |  |  | 3,307 |
Total nonperforming loans | 35,514 |  |  | 45,427 |  |  | 55,109 |  |  | 76,517 |  |  | 83,374 |
Restructured loans | 11,475 |  |  | 13,453 |  |  | 14,337 |  |  | 21,478 |  |  | 29,436 |
Total nonperforming and restructured loans | $ | 46,989 |  |  | $ | 58,880 |  |  | $ | 69,446 |  |  | $ | 97,995 |  |  | $ | 112,810 |
Nonperforming loans to loans | 0.57 | % |  | 0.84 | % |  | 1.38 | % |  | 1.97 | % |  | 2.97 | %

Purchased nonperforming loans totaled $22,162 at December 31, 2016 which consisted of $11,347 in loans on nonaccrual status and $10,815 in accruing loans past due 90 days or more. The recent acquisition of KeyWorth added $217 of purchased nonperforming loans while the Heritage and First M&F mergers contributed $9,110 and $4,718, respectively at December 31, 2016. Excluding the purchased nonperforming loans from the Company's acquisitions, nonperforming loans decreased $1,619, or 10.81%, from December 31, 2015 and decreased $6,835 from December 31, 2014. The following table presents nonperforming loans by loan category at December 31 for each of the years presented.

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 3,709 |  |  | $ | 1,504 |  |  | $ | 1,838 |  |  | $ | 3,375 |  |  | $ | 3,623 |
Real estate – construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | 466 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 1,648 |  |  | 1,648 |
Commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Condominiums | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total real estate – construction | 466 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 1,648 |  |  | 1,648 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary | 6,179 |  |  | 9,764 |  |  | 7,535 |  |  | 6,769 |  |  | 8,817 |
Home equity | 2,777 |  |  | 1,900 |  |  | 2,460 |  |  | 2,794 |  |  | 2,676 |
Rental/investment | 2,292 |  |  | 5,142 |  |  | 4,600 |  |  | 4,360 |  |  | 7,151 |
Land development | 1,656 |  |  | 2,091 |  |  | 1,153 |  |  | 4,439 |  |  | 11,041 |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 12,904 |  |  | 18,897 |  |  | 15,748 |  |  | 18,362 |  |  | 29,685 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | 8,282 |  |  | 9,177 |  |  | 12,810 |  |  | 11,910 |  |  | 8,531 |
Non-owner occupied | 6,821 |  |  | 8,372 |  |  | 12,025 |  |  | 17,481 |  |  | 11,832 |
Land development | 2,757 |  |  | 7,139 |  |  | 12,397 |  |  | 23,566 |  |  | 27,726 |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | 17,860 |  |  | 24,688 |  |  | 37,232 |  |  | 52,957 |  |  | 48,089 |
Installment loans to individuals | 575 |  |  | 162 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 329 |
Total nonperforming loans | $ | 35,514 |  |  | $ | 45,427 |  |  | $ | 55,110 |  |  | $ | 76,518 |  |  | $ | 83,374 |

The decrease in the level of nonperforming loans from 2015 is a reflection of the Company's continued strategy to aggressively manage problem loans and assets even through the periods of purchasing problem loans and assets. The Company continues its efforts to bring problem credits to resolution. Total nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans were 0.57% as of December 31, 2016 as compared to 0.84% as of December 31, 2015 and 1.38% as of December 31, 2014. The Company’s coverage ratio, or its allowance for loan losses as a percentage of nonperforming loans, was 120.34% as of December 31, 2016 as compared to 93.42% as of December 31, 2015 and 76.74% as of December 31, 2014.
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Management has evaluated the aforementioned loans and other loans classified as nonperforming and believes that all nonperforming loans have been adequately reserved for in the allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2016. Management also continually monitors past due loans for potential credit quality deterioration. Total loans 30-89 days past due were $19,858 at December 31, 2016 as compared to $15,670 at December 31, 2015. The recent acquisition of KeyWorth added $1,813 of purchased, loans 30-89 days past due while the Heritage and First M&F mergers contributed $2,909 and $3,662, respectively at December 31, 2016. The Heritage merger contributed $5,670 of loans 30-89 days past due while the First M&F merger added $2,177 of loans 30-89 days past due at December 31, 2015.
As shown below, restructured loans totaled $11,475 at December 31, 2016 compared to $13,453 at December 31, 2015. At December 31, 2016, total loans restructured through interest rate concessions represented 46% of total restructured loans, while loans restructured by a concession in payment terms represented the remainder. The following table provides further details of the Company’s restructured loans at December 31, 2016 and 2015:

| 2016 |  | 2015
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 257 |
Real estate – construction: |  |  |
Residential | 518 |  |  | — |
Total real estate – construction | 518 |  |  | — |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |
Primary | 5,060 |  |  | 4,309 |
Home equity | 246 |  |  | — |
Rental/investment | 868 |  |  | 1,455 |
Land development | 12 |  |  | 14 |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 6,186 |  |  | 5,778 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |
Owner-occupied | 2,496 |  |  | 3,214 |
Non-owner occupied | 1,589 |  |  | 3,596 |
Land development | 603 |  |  | 541 |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | 4,688 |  |  | 7,351 |
Installment loans to individuals | 66 |  |  | 67 |
Total restructured loans | $ | 11,475 |  |  | $ | 13,453 |

Changes in the Company’s restructured loans are set forth in the table below.

| 2016 |  | 2015
Balance as of January 1 | $ | 13,453 |  |  | $ | 14,337 |
Additional loans with concessions | 4,547 |  |  | 13,418 |
Reductions due to: |  |  |
Reclassified as nonperforming | (1,622 | ) |  | (3,145 | )
Paid in full | (3,530 | ) |  | (8,127 | )
Transfer to other real estate owned | (51 | ) |  | — |
Charge-offs | (275 | ) |  | (56 | )
Paydowns | (1,047 | ) |  | (751 | )
Lapse of concession period | — |  |  | — |
TDR reclassified as performing loan | — |  |  | (2,223 | )
Balance as of December 31 | $ | 11,475 |  |  | $ | 13,453 |

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Other real estate owned consists of properties acquired through foreclosure or acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure. These properties are carried at the lower of cost or fair market value based on appraised value less estimated selling costs. Losses arising at the time of foreclosure of properties are charged against the allowance for loan losses. Reductions in the carrying value subsequent to acquisition are charged to earnings and are included in “Other real estate owned” in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Other real estate owned with a cost basis of $17,529 was sold during the year ended December 31, 2016, resulting in a net loss of $590, while other real estate owned with a cost basis of $21,424 was sold during the year ended December 31, 2015, resulting in a net gain of $582.
The following table provides details of the Company’s other real estate owned as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:

| 2016 |  | 2015
Residential real estate | $ | 2,929 |  |  | $ | 4,794 |
Commercial real estate | 8,081 |  |  | 11,387 |
Residential land development | 4,032 |  |  | 4,596 |
Commercial land development | 8,257 |  |  | 14,625 |
Total other real estate owned | $ | 23,299 |  |  | $ | 35,402 |

Other real estate owned and purchased in the Heritage merger had a balance of $7,126, while the acquisition of First M&F contributed $4,916 at December 31, 2016. No other real estate owned was acquired as part of the KeyWorth acquisition and, no KeyWorth loans were transferred to other real estate owned during 2016. Other real estate owned purchased in the Heritage merger contributed $8,773 while the First M&F merger contributed $7,031 at December 31, 2015. Changes in the Company’s other real estate owned were as follows:

| 2016 |  | 2015
Balance as of January 1 | $ | 35,402 |  |  | $ | 34,472 |
Purchased from Heritage | — |  |  | 9,972 |
Transfer of balance from covered OREO | — |  |  | — |
Transfers of loans | 8,870 |  |  | 14,935 |
Capitalized improvements | — |  |  | — |
Impairments | (3,115 | ) |  | (2,519 | )
Dispositions | (17,529 | ) |  | (21,424 | )
Other | (329 | ) |  | (34 | )
Balance as of December 31 | $ | 23,299 |  |  | $ | 35,402 |

Interest Rate Risk
Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and rates. The majority of assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature and therefore differ greatly from most commercial and industrial companies that have significant investments in fixed assets and inventories. Our market risk arises primarily from interest rate risk inherent in lending and deposit-taking activities. Management believes a significant impact on the Company’s financial results stems from our ability to react to changes in interest rates. To that end, management actively monitors and manages our interest rate risk exposure.
We have an Asset/Liability Committee (“ALCO”) which is authorized by the Board of Directors to monitor our interest rate sensitivity and to make decisions relating to that process. The ALCO’s goal is to structure our asset/liability composition to maximize net interest income while managing interest rate risk so as to minimize the adverse impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income and capital. Profitability is affected by fluctuations in interest rates. A sudden and substantial change in interest rates may adversely impact our earnings because the interest rates borne by assets and liabilities do not change at the same speed, to the same extent or on the same basis.
We utilize an asset/liability model as the primary quantitative tool in measuring the amount of interest rate risk associated with changing market rates. The model is used to perform both net interest income forecast simulations for multiple year horizons, and economic value of equity (“EVE”) analyses, under various interest rate scenarios.
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Net interest income simulations measure the short and medium-term earnings exposure from changes in market interest rates in a rigorous and explicit fashion. Our current financial position is combined with assumptions regarding future business to calculate net interest income under varying hypothetical rate scenarios. EVE measures our long-term earnings exposure from changes in market rates of interest. EVE is defined as the present value of assets minus the present value of liabilities at a point in time for a given set of market rate assumptions. An increase in EVE due to a specified rate change indicates an improvement in the long-term earnings capacity of the balance sheet assuming that the rate change remains in effect over the life of the current balance sheet.
The following table presents the projected impact of a change in interest rates on (1) static EVE and (2) earnings at risk (that is, net interest income) for the 1-12 and 13-24 month periods commencing January 1, 2017, in each case as compared to the result under rates present in the market on December 31, 2016. The changes in interest rates assume an instantaneous and parallel shift in the yield curve and does not take into account changes in the slope of the yield curve. On account of the present position of the target federal funds rate, the Company did not perform an analysis assuming a downward movement in rates.

|  | Percentage Change In:
Immediate Change in Rates of: |  | Economic Value Equity (EVE) |  | Earning at Risk (EAR) (Net Interest Income)
| Static |  | 1-12 Months |  | 13-24 Months
+400 |  | 15.95% |  | 4.69% |  | 10.60%
+300 |  | 13.59% |  | 3.61% |  | 8.02%
+200 |  | 12.07% |  | 2.45% |  | 5.40%
+100 |  | 10.31% |  | 1.13% |  | 2.60%

The rate shock results for the net interest income simulations for the next twenty-four months produce a slightly asset sensitive position at December 31, 2016. The Company’s interest rate risk strategy is to remain in an asset sensitive position with a focus on increasing variable rate loan production and generating deposits that are less sensitive to increases in interest rates.
The preceding measures assume no change in the size or asset/liability compositions of the balance sheet. Thus, the measures do not reflect actions the ALCO may undertake in response to such changes in interest rates. The above results of the interest rate shock analysis are within the parameters set by the Board of Directors. The scenarios assume instantaneous movements in interest rates in increments of 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis points. As interest rates are adjusted over a period of time, it is our strategy to proactively change the volume and mix of our balance sheet in order to mitigate our interest rate risk. The computation of the prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes requires numerous assumptions regarding characteristics of new business and the behavior of existing positions. These business assumptions are based upon our experience, business plans and published industry experience. Key assumptions employed in the model include asset prepayment speeds, competitive factors, the relative price sensitivity of certain assets and liabilities and the expected life of non-maturity deposits. Because these assumptions are inherently uncertain, actual results will differ from simulated results.
The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments, including interest rate contracts such as swaps, caps and/or floors, forward commitments, and interest rate lock commitments, as part of its ongoing efforts to mitigate its interest rate risk exposure. For more information about the Company’s derivative financial instruments, see the “Off-Balance Sheet Transactions” section below and Note 15, “Derivative Instruments,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity management is the ability to meet the cash flow requirements of customers who may be either depositors wishing to withdraw funds or borrowers needing assurance that sufficient funds will be available to meet their credit needs.
Core deposits, which are deposits excluding time deposits and public fund deposits, are a major source of funds used by Renasant Bank to meet cash flow needs. Maintaining the ability to acquire these funds as needed in a variety of markets is the key to assuring Renasant Bank’s liquidity. Management continually monitors the liquidity and non-core dependency ratios to ensure compliance with targets established by the Asset/Liability Management Committee.
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Our investment portfolio is another alternative for meeting liquidity needs. These assets generally have readily available markets that offer conversions to cash as needed. Within the next twelve months the securities portfolio is forecasted to generate cash flow through principal payments and maturities equal to 18.20% of the carrying value of the total securities portfolio. Securities within our investment portfolio are also used to secure certain deposit types and short-term borrowings. At December 31, 2016, securities with a carrying value of $666,874 were pledged to secure government, public, trust, and other deposits and as collateral for short-term borrowings and derivative instruments as compared to $718,767 at December 31, 2015.
Other sources available for meeting liquidity needs include federal funds purchased and advances from the FHLB. Interest is charged at the prevailing market rate on federal funds purchased and FHLB advances. Federal funds are short term borrowings, generally overnight borrowings, between financial institutions that are used to maintain reserve requirements at the Federal Reserve Bank. The balance of outstanding federal funds purchased at December 31, 2016 was $100,000. Outstanding federal funds purchased on December 31, 2015 was $400,000. Funds obtained from the FHLB are used primarily to match-fund fixed rate loans in order to minimize interest rate risk and may also be used to meet day to day liquidity needs, particularly when the cost of such borrowing compares favorably to the rates that we would be required to pay to attract deposits. At December 31, 2016, the balance of our outstanding advances with the FHLB was $8,542. The total amount of the remaining credit available to us from the FHLB at December 31, 2016 was $2,633,543. We also maintain lines of credit with other commercial banks totaling $75,000. These are unsecured, uncommitted lines of credit maturing at various times within the next twelve months. There were no amounts outstanding under these lines of credit at December 31, 2016 or 2015, respectively.
In 2016, we also accessed the equity and debt capital markets to generate liquidity. For more information, please refer to the discussion of the offering of our subordinated notes under the heading “Financial Condition, Business” above and the discussion of our common stock offering under the heading “Shareholders’ Equity and Regulatory Matters” below.
The following table presents, by type, the Company’s funding sources, which consist of total average deposits and borrowed funds, and the total cost of each funding source for each of the years presented:

| Percentage of Total |  | Cost of Funds
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Noninterest-bearing demand | 20.40 | % |  | 19.01 | % |  | 18.20 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | %
Interest-bearing demand | 42.96 |  |  | 43.82 |  |  | 43.40 |  |  | 0.19 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 0.21 |
Savings | 7.30 |  |  | 7.32 |  |  | 6.84 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  | 0.08 |
Time deposits | 22.06 |  |  | 23.50 |  |  | 27.88 |  |  | 0.73 |  |  | 0.62 |  |  | 0.81 |
Short-term borrowings | 4.96 |  |  | 3.77 |  |  | 0.44 |  |  | 0.45 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 0.17 |
Long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 0.50 |  |  | 0.98 |  |  | 1.38 |  |  | 4.02 |  |  | 4.14 |  |  | 4.15 |
Subordinated notes | 0.49 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5.45 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other long-term borrowings | 1.33 |  |  | 1.60 |  |  | 1.86 |  |  | 5.56 |  |  | 5.40 |  |  | 5.07 |
Total deposits and borrowed funds | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 0.39 | % |  | 0.37 | % |  | 0.47 | %

Our strategy in choosing funds is focused on minimizing cost along with considering our balance sheet composition and interest rate risk position. Accordingly, management targets growth of non-interest bearing deposits. While we do not control the types of deposit instruments our clients choose, we do influence those choices with the rates and the deposit specials we offer. We constantly monitor our funds position and evaluate the effect that various funding sources have on our financial position.
Cash and cash equivalents were $306,224 at December 31, 2016, compared to $211,571 at December 31, 2015 and $161,583 at December 31, 2014. Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $351,993 compared to cash used in investing activities of $247,431 in 2015 and $202,802 in 2014. Proceeds from the sale, maturity or call of securities within our investment portfolio were $281,792 for 2016 compared to $265,556 for 2015 and $217,417 in 2014. For 2016, these proceeds from the investment portfolio were primarily reinvested back into the security portfolio or used to fund loan growth. Purchases of investment securities were $155,400 for 2016 compared to $216,141 for 2015 and $280,164 for 2014.
Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $282,849 compared to cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 of $44,794 and cash used in financing activities during 2014 of $6,946. Overall deposits increased $489,089 for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to an increase of $2,218 for the same period in 2015 and a decrease of $3,494 for the year end 2014.
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Restrictions on Bank Dividends, Loans and Advances
The Company’s liquidity and capital resources, as well as its ability to pay dividends to our shareholders, are substantially dependent on the ability of the Bank to transfer funds to the Company in the form of dividends, loans and advances. Under Mississippi law, a Mississippi bank may not pay dividends unless its earned surplus is in excess of three times capital stock. A Mississippi bank with earned surplus in excess of three times capital stock may pay a dividend, subject to the approval of the Mississippi Department of Banking and Consumer Finance. Accordingly, the approval of this supervisory authority is required prior to the Bank paying dividends to the Company.
Federal Reserve regulations also limit the amount the Bank may loan to the Company unless such loans are collateralized by specific obligations. At December 31, 2016, the maximum amount available for transfer from the Bank to the Company in the form of loans was $87,191. The Company maintains a line of credit collateralized by cash with the Bank totaling $3,030. There were no amounts outstanding under this line of credit at December 31, 2016. These restrictions did not have any impact on the Company’s ability to meet its cash obligations, nor does management expect such restrictions to materially impact the Company’s ability to meet its currently-anticipated cash obligations.
Off-Balance Sheet Transactions
The Company enters into loan commitments and standby letters of credit in the normal course of its business. Loan commitments are made to accommodate the financial needs of the Company’s customers. Standby letters of credit commit the Company to make payments on behalf of customers when certain specified future events occur. Both arrangements have credit risk essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers and are subject to the Company’s normal credit policies. Collateral (e.g., securities, receivables, inventory, equipment, etc.) is obtained based on management’s credit assessment of the customer.
Loan commitments and standby letters of credit do not necessarily represent future cash requirements of the Company in that while the borrower has the ability to draw upon these commitments at any time, these commitments often expire without being drawn upon. The Company’s unfunded loan commitments and standby letters of credit outstanding at December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Loan commitments | $ | 1,263,059 |  |  | $ | 1,131,842 |  |  | $ | 706,972 |
Standby letters of credit | 44,086 |  |  | 37,063 |  |  | 31,804 |

The Company closely monitors the amount of remaining future commitments to borrowers in light of prevailing economic conditions and adjusts these commitments as necessary. The Company will continue this process as new commitments are entered into or existing commitments are renewed.
The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments, including interest rate contracts such as swaps, caps and/or floors, as part of its ongoing efforts to mitigate its interest rate risk exposure and to facilitate the needs of its customers. The Company enters into derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments to help its commercial customers manage their exposure to interest rate fluctuations. To mitigate the interest rate risk associated with these customer contracts, the Company enters into an offsetting derivative contract position with other financial institutions. The Company manages its credit risk, or potential risk of default by its commercial customers, through credit limit approval and monitoring procedures. At December 31, 2016, the Company had notional amounts of $82,202 on interest rate contracts with corporate customers and $82,202 in offsetting interest rate contracts with other financial institutions to mitigate the Company’s rate exposure on its corporate customers’ contracts.
Additionally, the Company enters into interest rate lock commitments with its customers to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with the commitments to fund fixed-rate residential mortgage loans and also enters into forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans to secondary market investors.
The Company has also entered into forward interest rate swap contracts on FHLB borrowings, as well as interest rate swap agreements on junior subordinated debentures that are all accounted for as cash flow hedges. Under each of these contracts, the Company will pay a fixed rate of interest and will receive a variable rate of interest based on the three-month LIBOR plus a predetermined spread.
For more information about the Company’s off-balance sheet transactions, see Note 15, “Derivative Instruments” and Note 22, “Commitments, Contingent Liabilities and Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
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Contractual Obligations
The following table presents, as of December 31, 2016, significant fixed and determinable contractual obligations to third parties by payment date. The Note Reference below refers to the applicable footnote in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

|  |  | Payments Due In:
| Note Reference |  | Less Than One Year |  | One to Three Years |  | Three to Five Years |  | Over Five Years |  | Total
Operating leases | 6 |  | $ | 4,526 |  |  | $ | 7,585 |  |  | $ | 4,514 |  |  | $ | 5,634 |  |  | $ | 22,259 |
Deposits without a stated maturity(1) | 10 |  | 5,438,384 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,438,384 |
Time deposits | 10 |  | 734,286 |  |  | 714,857 |  |  | 159,435 |  |  | 12,175 |  |  | 1,620,753 |
Short-term borrowings | 11 |  | 109,676 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 109,676 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 12 |  | — |  |  | 326 |  |  | 615 |  |  | 7,601 |  |  | 8,542 |
Junior subordinated debentures | 12 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 95,643 |  |  | 95,643 |
Subordinated notes | 12 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 98,127 |  |  | 98,127 |
Other long-term debt |  |  | — |  |  | 147 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 147 |
Total contractual obligations |  |  | $ | 6,286,872 |  |  | $ | 722,915 |  |  | $ | 164,564 |  |  | $ | 219,180 |  |  | $ | 7,393,531 |

(1) | Excludes interest.

Shareholders’ Equity and Regulatory Matters
Total shareholders’ equity of the Company was $1,232,883 and $1,036,818 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Book value per share was $27.81 and $25.73 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The growth in shareholders’ equity was attributable to the acquisition of KeyWorth, our December 2016 common stock offering (discussed in the next paragraph) as well as earnings retention offset by dividends declared and changes in accumulated other comprehensive income.
On September 15, 2015, the Company filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC. The shelf registration statement, which was effective upon filing, allows the Company to raise capital from time to time through the sale of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units, or a combination thereof, subject to market conditions. Specific terms and prices will be determined at the time of any offering under a separate prospectus supplement that the Company will be required to file with the SEC at the time of the specific offering. The proceeds of the sale of securities, if and when offered, will be used for general corporate purposes as described in any prospectus supplement and could include the expansion of the Company’s banking, insurance and wealth management operations as well as other business opportunities. As discussed in this section above under the heading “Financial Condition, Borrowings,” in August 2016, the Company completed its underwritten public offering of subordinated notes pursuant to this registration statement. In December 2016, the Company completed its underwritten public offering of 2,135,000 shares of the Company's common stock pursuant to this registration statement at a public offering price of $41.50 per share.
The Company has junior subordinated debentures with a carrying value of $95,643 at December 31, 2016, of which $92,455 are included in the Company’s Tier 1 capital. Federal Reserve guidelines limiting the amount of securities that, similar to our junior subordinated debentures, are includable in Tier 1 capital, but these guidelines did not impact the amount of debentures we include in Tier 1 capital. Although our existing junior subordinated debentures are unaffected by these Federal Reserve guidelines, on account of changes enacted as part of the Dodd-Frank Act, any trust preferred securities issued after May 19, 2010 may not be included in Tier 1 capital.
The Company has subordinated notes with a carrying value of $98,127 at December 31, 2016. In accordance with the above-referenced Federal Reserve Board guidance, these are included in the Company's Tier 2 capital.
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The Federal Reserve, the FDIC and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency have issued guidelines governing the levels of capital that banks must maintain. Those guidelines specify capital tiers, which include the following classifications:

Capital Tiers | Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets (Leverage) |  | Common Equity Tier 1 to Risk - Weighted Assets |  | Tier 1 Capital to Risk – Weighted Assets |  | Total Capital to Risk – Weighted Assets
Well capitalized | 5% or above |  | 6.5% or above |  | 8% or above |  | 10% or above
Adequately capitalized | 4% or above |  | 4.5% or above |  | 6% or above |  | 8% or above
Undercapitalized | Less than 4% |  | Less than 4.5% |  | Less than 6% |  | Less than 8%
Significantly undercapitalized | Less than 3% |  | Less than 3% |  | Less than 4% |  | Less than 6%
Critically undercapitalized | Tangible Equity / Total Assets less than 2%

The following table includes the capital ratios and capital amounts for the Company and the Bank for the years presented:

| Actual |  | Minimum Capital Requirement to be Well Capitalized |  | Minimum Capital Requirement to be Adequately Capitalized (including the phase-in of the Capital Conservation Buffer)
| Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Renasant Corporation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 leverage ratio | $ | 858,850 |  |  | 10.59 | % |  | $ | 405,441 |  |  | 5.00 | % |  | $ | 324,353 |  |  | 4.00 | %
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio | 766,560 |  |  | 11.47 | % |  | 434,267 |  |  | 6.50 | % |  | 342,403 |  |  | 5.125 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio | 858,850 |  |  | 12.86 | % |  | 534,483 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | 442,619 |  |  | 6.625 | %
Total risk-based capital ratio | 1,004,038 |  |  | 15.03 | % |  | 668,103 |  |  | 10.00 | % |  | 576,239 |  |  | 8.625 | %
Renasant Bank: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 leverage ratio | $ | 824,850 |  |  | 10.20 | % |  | $ | 404,442 |  |  | 5.00 | % |  | $ | 323,554 |  |  | 4.00 | %
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio | 824,850 |  |  | 12.38 | % |  | 433,105 |  |  | 6.50 | % |  | 341,487 |  |  | 5.125 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio | 824,850 |  |  | 12.38 | % |  | 533,052 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | 441,434 |  |  | 6.625 | %
Total risk-based capital ratio | 871,911 |  |  | 13.09 | % |  | 666,315 |  |  | 10.00 | % |  | 574,697 |  |  | 8.625 | %
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Renasant Corporation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 leverage ratio | $ | 681,731 |  |  | 9.16 | % |  | $ | 371,968 |  |  | 5.00 | % |  | $ | 297,574 |  |  | 4.00 | %
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio | 591,356 |  |  | 9.99 | % |  | 384,830 |  |  | 6.50 | % |  | 266,421 |  |  | 4.50 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio | 681,731 |  |  | 11.51 | % |  | 473,637 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | 355,228 |  |  | 6.00 | %
Total risk-based capital ratio | 729,321 |  |  | 12.32 | % |  | 592,047 |  |  | 10.00 | % |  | 473,637 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Renasant Bank: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 leverage ratio | $ | 654,830 |  |  | 8.82 | % |  | $ | 371,183 |  |  | 5.00 | % |  | $ | 296,946 |  |  | 4.00 | %
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio | 654,830 |  |  | 11.09 | % |  | 383,660 |  |  | 6.50 | % |  | 265,611 |  |  | 4.50 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio | 654,830 |  |  | 11.09 | % |  | 472,198 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | 354,148 |  |  | 6.00 | %
Total risk-based capital ratio | 701,591 |  |  | 11.89 | % |  | 590,247 |  |  | 10.00 | % |  | 472,198 |  |  | 8.00 | %

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In July 2013, the Federal Reserve, the FDIC and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency approved the implementation of the Basel III regulatory capital reforms and issued rules effecting certain changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act that call for broad and comprehensive revision of regulatory capital standards for U.S. banking organizations (the “Basel III Rules”). The Basel III Rules implemented a new common equity Tier 1 minimum capital requirement, a higher minimum Tier 1 capital requirement and other items that affected the calculation of the numerator of a banking organization’s risk-based capital ratios. Additionally, the Basel III Rules apply limits to a banking organization’s capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments if the banking organization does not maintain a "capital conservation buffer," which is a specified amount of common equity Tier 1 capital in addition to the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements.
The common equity Tier 1 capital ratio includes common equity as defined under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and does not include any other type of non-common equity under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Banks are now required to have common equity Tier 1 capital of 4.5% of average assets, Tier 1 capital of 6% of average assets, as compared to the current 4%, and total capital of 8% of risk-weighted assets to be categorized as adequately capitalized. The Basel III Rules require the phase-out of trust preferred securities as Tier 1 capital of bank holding companies of the Company’s size in equal installments over a defined period.
Further, the Basel III Rules changed the agencies’ general risk-based capital requirements for determining risk-weighted assets, which will affect the calculation of the denominator of a banking organization’s risk-based capital ratios. The Basel III Rules have revised the agencies’ rules for calculating risk-weighted assets to enhance risk sensitivity and will incorporate certain international capital standards of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision set forth in the standardized approach of the “International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: A Revised Framework”.
The calculation of risk-weighted assets in the denominator of the Basel III capital ratios has been adjusted to reflect the higher risk nature of certain types of loans. Specifically, as applicable to the Company and the Bank:

— | Residential mortgages: Replaced the former 50% risk weight for performing residential first-lien mortgages and a 100% risk-weight for all other mortgages with a risk weight of between 35% and 200% determined by the mortgage’s loan-to-value ratio and whether the mortgage falls into one of two categories based on eight criteria that include the term, use of negative amortization and balloon payments, certain rate increases and documented and verified borrower income.
— | Commercial mortgages: Replaced the former 100% risk weight with a 150% risk weight for certain high volatility commercial real estate acquisition, development and construction loans.
— | Nonperforming loans: Replaced the former 100% risk weight with a 150% risk weight for loans, other than residential mortgages, that are 90 days past due or on nonaccrual status.

The Final Rules also introduced a capital conservation buffer designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. The capital conservation buffer is composed entirely of CET1, on top of these minimum risk-weighted asset ratios. In addition, the Final Rules provide for a countercyclical capital buffer applicable only to certain covered institutions. It is not expected that the countercyclical capital buffer will be applicable to the Company or Renasant Bank. Banking institutions with a ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the capital conservation buffer (or below the combined capital conservation buffer and countercyclical capital buffer, when the latter is applied) will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall. The implementation of the capital conservation buffer began on January 1, 2016 at the 0.625% level and will be phased in over a 4-year period (increasing by that amount on each subsequent January 1, until it reaches 2.5% on January 1, 2019).
SEC Form 10-K
A COPY OF THIS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K, AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, MAY BE OBTAINED WITHOUT CHARGE BY DIRECTING A WRITTEN REQUEST TO: JOHN S. OXFORD, VICE PRESIDENT AND DIRECTOR OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, RENASANT CORPORATION, 209 TROY STREET, TUPELO, MISSISSIPPI, 38804-4827.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Please refer to the discussion found under the headings “Risk Management – Interest Rate Risk” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations above for the disclosures required pursuant to this Item 7A.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company meeting the requirements of Regulation S-X are included on the succeeding pages of this Item. All schedules have been omitted because they are not required or are not applicable.
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RENASANT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
CONTENTS

| Page
Report on Management’s Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting | 71
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 72
Consolidated Balance Sheets | 74
Consolidated Statements of Income | 75
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 76
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity | 77
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 78
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 79

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Report on Management’s Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Renasant Corporation (the “Company”) is responsible for the preparation, integrity and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report. The consolidated financial statements and notes included in this annual report have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and necessarily include some amounts that are based on management’s best estimates and judgments.
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
The system of internal control over financial reporting as it relates to the financial statements is evaluated for effectiveness by management and tested for reliability through a program of internal audits. Actions are taken to correct potential deficiencies as they are identified. Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations, including the possibility that a control can be circumvented or overridden, and misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. Also, because of changes in conditions, internal control effectiveness may vary over time. Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control will provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation.
Management, with the participation of the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in the “Internal Control - Integrated Framework,” (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2016, the Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting is effective and meets the criteria of the “Internal Control – Integrated Framework”. HORNE LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm that has audited the Company’s financial statements included in this annual report, has issued an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting which is included herein.

E. Robinson McGraw |  | Kevin D. Chapman
Chairman and |  | Executive Vice President and
Chief Executive Officer |  | Chief Financial Officer
February 27, 2017 |  |

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
Renasant Corporation
Tupelo, Mississippi
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Renasant Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of its operations and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework updated by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013, and our report dated February 27, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Memphis, Tennessee
February 27, 2017

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
Renasant Corporation
Tupelo, Mississippi
We have audited Renasant Corporation and subsidiaries' (the "Company") internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework updated by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Report on Management's Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (a) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (b) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (c) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework updated by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016 and our report dated February 27, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion.

Memphis, Tennessee
February 27, 2017

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

| December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015
Assets |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 160,570 |  |  | $ | 177,007 |
Interest-bearing balances with banks | 145,654 |  |  | 34,564 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 306,224 |  |  | 211,571 |
Securities held to maturity (fair value of $362,893 and $473,753, respectively) | 356,282 |  |  | 458,400 |
Securities available for sale, at fair value | 674,248 |  |  | 646,805 |
Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value | 177,866 |  |  | 225,254 |
Loans, net of unearned income: |  |  |
Non purchased loans and leases | 4,713,572 |  |  | 3,830,434 |
Purchased loans | 1,489,137 |  |  | 1,583,028 |
Total loans, net of unearned income | 6,202,709 |  |  | 5,413,462 |
Allowance for loan losses | (42,737 | ) |  | (42,437 | )
Loans, net | 6,159,972 |  |  | 5,371,025 |
Premises and equipment, net | 179,223 |  |  | 169,128 |
Other real estate owned: |  |  |
Non purchased | 5,929 |  |  | 12,986 |
Purchased | 17,370 |  |  | 22,416 |
Total other real estate owned, net | 23,299 |  |  | 35,402 |
Goodwill | 470,534 |  |  | 445,871 |
Other intangible assets, net | 24,074 |  |  | 28,811 |
FDIC loss share indemnification asset | — |  |  | 7,149 |
Bank-owned life insurance | 152,305 |  |  | 141,067 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 26,302 |  |  | 29,642 |
Other assets | 149,522 |  |  | 156,371 |
Total assets | $ | 8,699,851 |  |  | $ | 7,926,496 |
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |
Deposits |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing | $ | 1,561,357 |  |  | $ | 1,278,337 |
Interest-bearing | 5,497,780 |  |  | 4,940,265 |
Total deposits | 7,059,137 |  |  | 6,218,602 |
Short-term borrowings | 109,676 |  |  | 422,279 |
Long-term debt | 202,459 |  |  | 148,217 |
Other liabilities | 95,696 |  |  | 100,580 |
Total liabilities | 7,466,968 |  |  | 6,889,678 |
Shareholders’ equity |  |  |
Preferred stock, $.01 par value – 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $5.00 par value – 150,000,000 and 75,000,000 shares authorized, respectively, 45,107,066 and 41,292,045 shares issued, respectively; 44,332,273 and 40,293,291 shares outstanding, respectively | 225,535 |  |  | 206,460 |
Treasury stock, at cost | (21,692 | ) |  | (22,385 | )
Additional paid-in capital | 707,408 |  |  | 585,938 |
Retained earnings | 337,536 |  |  | 276,340 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes | (15,904 | ) |  | (9,535 | )
Total shareholders’ equity | 1,232,883 |  |  | 1,036,818 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 8,699,851 |  |  | $ | 7,926,496 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Interest income |  |  |  |  |
Loans | $ | 302,314 |  |  | $ | 236,262 |  |  | $ | 199,844 |
Securities |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | 16,551 |  |  | 17,026 |  |  | 17,096 |
Tax-exempt | 9,814 |  |  | 9,520 |  |  | 9,073 |
Other | 459 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 396 |
Total interest income | 329,138 |  |  | 263,023 |  |  | 226,409 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 17,856 |  |  | 13,715 |  |  | 16,216 |
Borrowings | 10,291 |  |  | 7,950 |  |  | 7,711 |
Total interest expense | 28,147 |  |  | 21,665 |  |  | 23,927 |
Net interest income | 300,991 |  |  | 241,358 |  |  | 202,482 |
Provision for loan losses | 7,530 |  |  | 4,750 |  |  | 6,167 |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses | 293,461 |  |  | 236,608 |  |  | 196,315 |
Noninterest income |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 31,875 |  |  | 29,269 |  |  | 26,756 |
Fees and commissions | 18,814 |  |  | 15,761 |  |  | 14,012 |
Insurance commissions | 8,508 |  |  | 8,423 |  |  | 8,194 |
Wealth management revenue | 11,652 |  |  | 9,808 |  |  | 8,545 |
Mortgage banking income | 49,443 |  |  | 35,815 |  |  | 14,862 |
Net gains on sales of securities | 1,186 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 375 |
BOLI income | 4,635 |  |  | 3,612 |  |  | 2,985 |
Other | 11,302 |  |  | 5,486 |  |  | 4,780 |
Total noninterest income | 137,415 |  |  | 108,270 |  |  | 80,509 |
Noninterest expense |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits | 172,448 |  |  | 145,111 |  |  | 115,108 |
Data processing | 17,723 |  |  | 14,251 |  |  | 11,570 |
Net occupancy and equipment | 34,394 |  |  | 26,987 |  |  | 20,252 |
Other real estate owned | 5,696 |  |  | 3,045 |  |  | 4,593 |
Professional fees | 5,358 |  |  | 4,384 |  |  | 4,485 |
Advertising and public relations | 7,080 |  |  | 6,112 |  |  | 5,923 |
Intangible amortization | 6,747 |  |  | 6,069 |  |  | 5,606 |
Communications | 8,329 |  |  | 7,278 |  |  | 5,949 |
Merger-related expenses | 4,023 |  |  | 11,614 |  |  | 694 |
Extinguishment of debt | 2,539 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loss share termination | 2,053 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | 28,709 |  |  | 20,263 |  |  | 16,757 |
Total noninterest expense | 295,099 |  |  | 245,114 |  |  | 190,937 |
Income before income taxes | 135,777 |  |  | 99,764 |  |  | 85,887 |
Income taxes | 44,847 |  |  | 31,750 |  |  | 26,305 |
Net income | $ | 90,930 |  |  | $ | 68,014 |  |  | $ | 59,582 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 2.18 |  |  | $ | 1.89 |  |  | $ | 1.89 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 2.17 |  |  | $ | 1.88 |  |  | $ | 1.88 |
Cash dividends per common share | $ | 0.71 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In Thousands)

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Net income | $ | 90,930 |  |  | $ | 68,014 |  |  | $ | 59,582 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding (losses) gains on securities | (6,206 | ) |  | (351 | ) |  | 7,731 |
Reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income | (727 | ) |  | (59 | ) |  | (232 | )
Amortization of unrealized holding gains on securities transferred to the held to maturity category | (61 | ) |  | (110 | ) |  | (156 | )
Total securities available for sale | (6,994 | ) |  | (520 | ) |  | 7,343 |
Derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on derivative instruments | 527 |  |  | (249 | ) |  | (1,622 | )
Total derivative instruments | 527 |  |  | (249 | ) |  | (1,622 | )
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |
Net gain (loss) arising during the period | 31 |  |  | (1,435 | ) |  | (1,529 | )
Less amortization of net actuarial loss recognized in net periodic pension cost | 302 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 183 |
Reclassification adjustment for net settlement gain realized in net income | (235 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Total defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans | 98 |  |  | (1,168 | ) |  | (1,346 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax | (6,369 | ) |  | (1,937 | ) |  | 4,375 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 84,561 |  |  | $ | 66,077 |  |  | $ | 63,957 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

| Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  | Total
Balance at January 1, 2014 | 31,387,668 |  |  | $ | 163,281 |  |  | $ | (23,023 | ) |  | $ | 342,552 |  |  | $ | 194,815 |  |  | $ | (11,973 | ) |  | $ | 665,652 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 59,582 |  |  |  |  | 59,582 |
Changes in other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,375 |  |  | 4,375 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 63,957 |
Cash dividends ($0.68 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (21,518 | ) |  |  |  | (21,518 | )
Issuance of common stock for stock-based compensation awards | 157,477 |  |  |  |  | 895 |  |  | (1,248 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (353 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,909 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,909 |
Other, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 4 |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | 31,545,145 |  |  | $ | 163,281 |  |  | $ | (22,128 | ) |  | $ | 345,213 |  |  | $ | 232,883 |  |  | $ | (7,598 | ) |  | $ | 711,651 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 68,014 |  |  |  |  | 68,014 |
Changes in other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,937 | ) |  | (1,937 | )
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 66,077 |
Cash dividends ($0.68 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (24,557 | ) |  |  |  | (24,557 | )
Common stock issued in connection with an acquisition | 8,635,879 |  |  | 43,179 |  |  |  |  |  | 238,351 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 281,530 |
Repurchase of shares in connection with acquisition related to stock-based compensation awards | (18,635 | ) |  |  |  | (608 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (608 | )
Issuance of common stock for stock-based compensation awards | 130,902 |  |  |  |  | 351 |  |  | (2,073 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (1,722 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,435 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,435 |
Other, net |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |
Balance at December 31, 2015 | 40,293,291 |  |  | $ | 206,460 |  |  | $ | (22,385 | ) |  | $ | 585,938 |  |  | $ | 276,340 |  |  | $ | (9,535 | ) |  | $ | 1,036,818 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 90,930 |  |  |  |  | 90,930 |
Changes in other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6,369 | ) |  | (6,369 | )
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 84,561 |
Cash dividends ($0.71 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (29,734 | ) |  |  |  | (29,734 | )
Common stock issued in connection with an acquisition | 1,680,021 |  |  | 8,400 |  |  |  |  |  | 46,890 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 55,290 |
Common stock issued in public offering | 2,135,000 |  |  | 10,675 |  |  |  |  | 73,430 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 84,105 |
Issuance of common stock for stock-based compensation awards | 223,961 |  |  |  |  | 693 |  |  | (2,345 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (1,652 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,117 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,117 |
Shares vested through Heritage acquisition |  |  |  |  |  |  | 378 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 378 |
Balance at December 31, 2016 | 44,332,273 |  |  | $ | 225,535 |  |  | $ | (21,692 | ) |  | $ | 707,408 |  |  | $ | 337,536 |  |  | $ | (15,904 | ) |  | $ | 1,232,883 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 90,930 |  |  | $ | 68,014 |  |  | $ | 59,582 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Provision for loan losses | 7,530 |  |  | 4,750 |  |  | 6,167 |
Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 207 |  |  | 5,953 |  |  | 8,104 |
Deferred income tax expense | 11,037 |  |  | 13,751 |  |  | 9,291 |
Funding of mortgage loans held for sale | (1,951,144 | ) |  | (1,483,937 | ) |  | (547,402 | )
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale | 2,031,036 |  |  | 1,647,648 |  |  | 563,808 |
Gains on sales of mortgage loans held for sale | (31,654 | ) |  | (25,292 | ) |  | (8,594 | )
Gains on sales of securities | (1,186 | ) |  | (96 | ) |  | (375 | )
Loss on extinguishment of debt | 2,539 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Losses (gains) on sales of premises and equipment | 115 |  |  | 105 |  |  | (72 | )
Stock-based compensation | 3,117 |  |  | 4,435 |  |  | 3,909 |
Decrease in FDIC loss share indemnification asset, net of accretion and amortization | 2,891 |  |  | 4,409 |  |  | 14,399 |
Loss on termination of FDIC loss share agreements | 2,053 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Decrease in other assets | 13,020 |  |  | 12,705 |  |  | 21,303 |
(Decrease) increase in other liabilities | (16,694 | ) |  | 180 |  |  | (5,437 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 163,797 |  |  | 252,625 |  |  | 124,683 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of securities available for sale | (140,133 | ) |  | (72,114 | ) |  | (124,296 | )
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale | 4,028 |  |  | 8,444 |  |  | 1,099 |
Proceeds from call/maturities of securities available for sale | 158,359 |  |  | 111,663 |  |  | 80,305 |
Purchases of securities held to maturity | (15,267 | ) |  | (144,027 | ) |  | (155,868 | )
Proceeds from call/maturities of securities held to maturity | 119,405 |  |  | 145,449 |  |  | 136,013 |
Net increase in loans | (504,640 | ) |  | (298,676 | ) |  | (120,787 | )
Purchases of premises and equipment | (13,560 | ) |  | (25,165 | ) |  | (22,179 | )
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment | 2,462 |  |  | 2,219 |  |  | 2,911 |
Proceeds from sales of other assets | 16,939 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Payment made to FDIC to terminate loss share agreements | (4,849 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Net cash received in acquisition | 25,263 |  |  | 24,776 |  |  | — |
Net cash used in investing activities | (351,993 | ) |  | (247,431 | ) |  | (202,802 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |
Net increase in noninterest-bearing deposits | 209,943 |  |  | 79,342 |  |  | 63,852 |
Net (decrease) increase in interest-bearing deposits | 279,146 |  |  | (77,124 | ) |  | (67,346 | )
Net (decrease) increase in short-term borrowings | (314,952 | ) |  | 375,220 |  |  | 30,120 |
Proceeds from long-term debt | 98,385 |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |
Repayment of long-term debt | (47,230 | ) |  | (308,766 | ) |  | (13,557 | )
Cash paid for dividends | (29,734 | ) |  | (24,557 | ) |  | (21,518 | )
Cash received on exercise of stock options | 415 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 401 |
Excess tax benefits from exercise of stock options | 2,771 |  |  | 537 |  |  | 1,102 |
Proceeds from equity offering | 84,105 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 282,849 |  |  | 44,794 |  |  | (6,946 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 94,653 |  |  | 49,988 |  |  | (85,065 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 211,571 |  |  | 161,583 |  |  | 246,648 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 306,224 |  |  | $ | 211,571 |  |  | $ | 161,583 |
Supplemental disclosures |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 25,871 |  |  | $ | 21,615 |  |  | $ | 24,103 |
Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 22,731 |  |  | $ | 18,610 |  |  | $ | 17,503 |
Noncash transactions: |  |  |  |  |
Transfers of loans to other real estate | $ | 8,870 |  |  | $ | 14,935 |  |  | $ | 15,692 |
Financed sales of other real estate owned | $ | 2,070 |  |  | $ | 1,134 |  |  | $ | 860 |
Transfers of loans held for sale to loan portfolio | $ | 17,838 |  |  | $ | 11,096 |  |  | $ | — |
Common stock issued in acquisition of businesses | $ | 55,290 |  |  | $ | 281,530 |  |  | $ | — |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1 – Significant Accounting Policies
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
Nature of Operations: Renasant Corporation (referred to herein as the “Company”) owns and operates Renasant Bank (“Renasant Bank” or the “Bank”) and Renasant Insurance, Inc. The Company offers a diversified range of financial, fiduciary and insurance services to its retail and commercial customers through its subsidiaries and full service offices located throughout north and central Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia and Florida.
Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Consolidation: In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic (“ASC”) 810, “Consolidation” (“ASC 810”), a company’s consolidated financial statements are required to include subsidiaries in which the company has a controlling financial interest. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. The Company is not the primary beneficiary of any variable interest entity as defined by ASC 810.
Cash and Cash Equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.
Securities: Debt securities are classified as held to maturity when purchased if management has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Held to maturity securities are stated at amortized cost. Presently, the Company has no intention of establishing a trading classification. Securities not classified as held to maturity or trading are classified as available for sale. Available for sale securities are stated at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in accumulated other comprehensive income within shareholders’ equity.
The amortized cost of securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Such amortization and accretion is included in interest income from securities. Dividend income is included in interest income from securities. Realized gains and losses on sales of securities are reflected under the line item “Net gains on sales of securities” on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method.
The Company evaluates its investment portfolio for other-than-temporary-impairment (“OTTI”) on a quarterly basis in accordance with ASC 320, “Investments - Debt and Equity Securities.” Impairment is assessed at the individual security level. The Company considers an investment security impaired if the fair value of the security is less than its cost or amortized cost basis. Impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary if the Company intends to sell the investment security or if the Company does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security before the Company is required to sell the security or the security’s maturity. When impairment of an equity security is considered to be other-than-temporary, the security is written down to its fair value and an impairment loss is recorded as a loss within noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. When impairment of a debt security is considered to be other-than-temporary, the security is written down to its fair value. The amount of OTTI recorded as a loss within noninterest income depends on whether an entity intends to sell the debt security and whether it is more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If an entity intends to, or has decided to, sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, OTTI must be recognized in earnings in an amount equal to the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and its fair value. If an entity does not intend to sell the debt security and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, OTTI is separated into the amount representing credit loss and the amount related to all other market factors. The amount related to credit loss is recognized in earnings and is calculated as the difference between the estimate of discounted future cash flows and the amortized cost basis of the security. A number of qualitative and quantitative factors, including but not limited to the financial condition of the underlying issuer and current and projected deferrals or defaults, are considered by management in the estimate of the discounted future cash flows. The remaining difference between the fair value and the amortized cost basis of the security is considered the amount related to other market factors and is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes.
Furthermore, debt securities may be transferred to nonaccrual status where the recognition of investment interest is discontinued. A number of qualitative factors, including but not limited to the financial condition of the underlying issuer and current and projected deferrals or defaults, are considered by management in the determination of whether the debt security should be transferred to nonaccrual status. The interest on these nonaccrual investment securities is accounted for on the cash-basis method until the
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1 – Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
debt security qualifies for return to accrual status. See Note 3, “Securities,” for further details regarding the Company’s securities portfolio.
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase: Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at the amounts at which the securities were sold. Securities, generally U.S. government and federal agency securities, pledged as collateral under these financing arrangements cannot be sold or repledged by the secured party.
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale: Mortgage loans held for sale represent residential mortgage loans held for sale. The Company has elected to carry these loans at fair value as permitted under the guidance in ASC 825, “Financial Instruments” (“ASC 825”). Mortgage loans held for sale are classified separately on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Gains and losses are realized at the time consideration is received and all other criteria for sales treatment have been met. These realized and unrealized gains and losses are classified under the line item “Mortgage banking income” on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses: Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances adjusted for charge-offs, the allowance for loan losses and any deferred fees or costs on originated loans. Renasant Bank defers certain nonrefundable loan origination fees as well as the direct costs of originating or acquiring loans. The deferred fees and costs are then amortized over the term of the note for all loans with payment schedules. Those loans with no payment schedule are amortized using the interest method. The amortization of these deferred fees is presented as an adjustment to the yield on loans. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance.
Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Generally, the recognition of interest on mortgage and commercial loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Consumer and other retail loans are typically charged-off no later than the time the loan is 120 days past due. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. All interest accrued for the current year, but not collected, for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial and construction loans above a minimum dollar amount threshold by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are evaluated collectively for impairment. When the ultimate collectability of an impaired loan’s principal is in doubt, wholly or partially, all cash receipts are applied to principal. Once the recorded balance has been reduced to zero, future cash receipts are applied to interest income, to the extent any interest has been foregone, and then they are recorded as recoveries of any amounts previously charged-off. For impaired loans, a specific reserve is established to adjust the carrying value of the loan to its estimated net realizable value.
Restructured loans are those for which concessions have been granted to the borrower due to a deterioration of the borrower’s financial condition and are performing in accordance with the new terms. Such concessions may include reduction in interest rates or deferral of interest or principal payments. In evaluating whether to restructure a loan, management analyzes the long-term financial condition of the borrower, including guarantor and collateral support, to determine whether the proposed concessions will increase the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest. Restructured loans that are not performing in accordance with their restructured terms that are either contractually 90 days past due or have been placed on nonaccrual status are reported as nonperforming loans.
See Note 4, “ Non Purchased Loans,” Note 5, “Purchased Loans,” and Note 6, “ Allowance for Loan Losses” for disclosures regarding the Company’s past due and nonaccrual loans, impaired loans and restructured loans.
The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb probable credit losses inherent in the entire loan portfolio. The appropriate level of the allowance is based on an ongoing analysis of the loan portfolio and represents an amount that management deems adequate to provide for inherent losses, including collective impairment as recognized under ASC 450, “Contingencies”. Collective impairment is calculated based on loans grouped by grade. Another component of
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1 – Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
the allowance is losses on loans assessed as impaired under ASC 310, “Receivables” (“ASC 310”). The balance of these loans and their related allowance is included in management’s estimation and analysis of the allowance for loan losses. Management and the internal loan review staff evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses quarterly. The allowance for loan losses is evaluated based on a continuing assessment of problem loans, the types of loans, historical loss experience, new lending products, emerging credit trends, changes in the size and character of loan categories and other factors, including its risk rating system, regulatory guidance and economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings resulting from measurements of inherent credit risk in the loan portfolio and estimates of probable losses or impairments of individual loans. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.
Business Combinations, Accounting for Purchased Loans and Related Assets: Business combinations are accounted for by applying the acquisition method in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations” (“ASC 805”). Under the acquisition method, identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date are measured at their fair values as of that date and are recognized separately from goodwill. Results of operations of the acquired entities are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income from the date of acquisition. Acquisition costs incurred by the Company are expensed as incurred.
Loans purchased in business combinations with evidence of credit deterioration since origination and for which it is probable that all contractually required payments will not be collected are considered to be credit-impaired. Purchased credit deteriorated loans are accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30, “Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality” (“ASC 310-30”), and initially measured at fair value, which includes estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loans. Increases in expected cash flows to be collected on these loans are recognized as an adjustment of the loan’s yield over its remaining life, while decreases in expected cash flows are recognized as an impairment.
FDIC-Assisted Acquisitions:
During 2010 and 2011, the Bank acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed substantially all of the deposits and certain other liabilities of the following two failed financial institutions in FDIC-assisted acquisitions:

• | July 2010, Crescent Bank and Trust Company (Jasper, GA)

• | February 2011, American Trust Bank (Roswell, GA)

During 2015, in connection with the acquisition of HeritageBank (as defined below in Note 2, “Mergers and Acquisitions”), the Bank assumed two additional loss share agreements that HeritageBank had entered into in connection with its acquisition of substantially all of the assets and assumption of substantially all of the deposits and certain other liabilities of the following two failed financial institutions in FDIC-assisted acquisitions:

• | February 2011, Citizens Bank of Effingham (Springfield, GA)

• | August 2011, First Southern National Bank (Statesboro, GA)

A significant portion of the loans and foreclosed assets acquired in each of these FDIC-assisted acquisitions were subject to loss share agreements with the FDIC whereby the Company was indemnified against a portion of the losses on such loans and foreclosed assets.
On December 8, 2016, the Bank entered into an agreement with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) that terminated all of the Bank’s loss share agreements, resulting in a payment by the Company to the FDIC of $4,849. All rights and obligations of the parties under these loss share agreements, including the claw-back provisions, terminated effective December 8, 2016. As a result, all recoveries, gains, charge-offs, losses and expenses related to assets previously covered under loss share are recognized entirely by the Company going forward. Notwithstanding the termination of loss share with the FDIC, the terms of the purchase and assumption agreements for each of these FDIC assisted acquisitions continue to require the FDIC to indemnify the Company against certain claims, including claims with respect to assets, liabilities or any affiliate not acquired or otherwise assumed by the Bank and with respect to claims based on any action by directors, officers or employees of the relevant failed financial institutions.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1 – Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Changes in the FDIC loss share indemnification asset for the two years ended December 31, 2016, were as follows:

| 2016 |  | 2015
Balance at January 1 | $ | 7,149 |  |  | $ | 12,516 |
Additions through acquisition | (260 | ) |  | 2,673 |
Realized losses in excess of initial estimates on: |  |  |
Loans | 265 |  |  | 872 |
OREO | 97 |  |  | 362 |
Reimbursable expenses | — |  |  | 1,170 |
Amortization | (797 | ) |  | (4,865 | )
Reimbursements received from the FDIC | (2,987 | ) |  | (5,579 | )
Termination of FDIC loss share agreements | (3,467 | ) |  | — |
Balance at December 31 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,149 |

At December 31, 2016, the Company had $28,090 in loans and $487 in other real estate owned (“OREO”) which had been previously covered under these loss share agreements.
Premises and Equipment: Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed primarily by use of the straight-line method for furniture, fixtures, equipment, autos and premises. The annual provisions for depreciation have been computed primarily using estimated lives of forty years for premises, seven years for furniture and equipment and three to five years for computer equipment and autos. Leasehold improvements are expensed over the period of the leases or the estimated useful life of the improvements, whichever is shorter.
Other Real Estate Owned: Other real estate owned consists of properties acquired through foreclosure or acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure. These properties are initially recorded into other real estate at fair market value less cost to sell and are subsequently carried at the lower of cost or fair market value based on appraised value less estimated selling costs. Losses arising at the time of foreclosure of properties are charged against the allowance for loan losses. Reductions in the carrying value subsequent to acquisition are charged to earnings and are included under the line item “Other real estate owned” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Mortgage Servicing Rights: The Company retains the right to service certain mortgage loans that it sells to secondary market investors. These mortgage servicing rights are recognized as a separate asset on the date the corresponding mortgage loan is sold. Mortgage servicing rights are amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income. These servicing rights are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Fair value is determined using an income approach with various assumptions including expected cash flows, prepayment speeds, market discount rates, servicing costs, mortgage interest rates and other factors. Mortgage servicing rights were carried at amortized cost at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Impairment losses on mortgage servicing rights are recognized to the extent by which the unamortized cost exceeds fair value. Changes to the fair value of the mortgage servicing rights are recorded as part of Mortgage banking income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets: Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Other intangible assets represent purchased assets that also lack physical substance but can be distinguished from goodwill because of contractual or other legal rights. Intangibles with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Goodwill and other intangible assets are subject to impairment testing annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate possible impairment. Goodwill is assigned to the Company’s reporting segments. In determining the fair value of the Company's reporting units, management uses the market approach. If, based on the results of the market approach further analysis is needed, the discounted cash flow approach is utilized. Other intangible assets, consisting of core deposit intangibles, are reviewed for events or circumstances which could impact the recoverability of the intangible asset, such as a loss of core deposits, increased competition or adverse changes in the economy. No impairment was identified for the Company’s goodwill or its other intangible assets as a result of the testing performed during 2016, 2015 or 2014.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance: Bank-owned life insurance (“BOLI”) is an institutionally-priced insurance product that is specifically designed for purchase by insured depository institutions. The Company has purchased such insurance policies on certain employees, with Renasant Bank being listed as the primary beneficiary. The carrying value of BOLI is recorded at the cash surrender value of the policies, net of any applicable surrender charges. In connection with the acquisitions of KeyWorth and Heritage (each as
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1 – Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
defined below in Note 2, “Mergers and Acquisitions”), the Company acquired BOLI with a cash surrender value of $8,376 and $25,297, respectively, at the acquisition date. Changes in the value of the cash surrender value of the policies are reflected under the line item “BOLI income” on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Insurance Agency Revenues: Renasant Insurance, Inc. is a full-service insurance agency offering all lines of commercial and personal insurance through major third-party insurance carriers. Commissions and fees are recognized when earned based on contractual terms and conditions of insurance policies with the insurance carriers. These commissions and fees are classified under the line item “Insurance commissions” on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Contingency fee income paid by the insurance carriers is recognized upon receipt and classified under the line item “Other noninterest income” on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Trust and Financial Services Revenues: The Company offers trust services as well as various alternative investment products, including annuities and mutual funds. Trust revenues are recognized on the accrual basis in accordance with the contractual terms of the trust. Commissions and fees from the sale of annuities and mutual funds are recognized when earned based on contractual terms with the third party broker-dealer. These commissions and fees are classified under the line item “Wealth management revenue” on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Income Taxes: Income taxes are accounted for under the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. It is the Company’s policy to recognize interest and penalties, if incurred, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. Renasant Bank provides for income taxes on a separate-return basis and remits to the Company amounts determined to be currently payable.
Deferred income taxes, included in “Other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of a sufficient level of future taxable income and recoverable taxes paid in prior years. Although realization is not assured, management believes that the Company and its subsidiaries will realize a substantial majority of the deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the expected amount most likely to be realized through a charge to income tax expense.
The Company acquired federal and state net operating losses as part of the Heritage acquisition. The federal net operating loss acquired totaled $18,321. The Company expects to utilize the federal and state net operating losses prior to expiration. Because the benefits are expected to be fully realized, the Company recorded no valuation allowance against the net operating losses for the year ended December 31, 2016 or 2015, respectively. See Note 16, “Income Taxes,” for further details regarding the Company’s net operating losses.
Fair Value Measurements: ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), provides guidance for using fair value to measure assets and liabilities and also establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to a valuation based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1), moderate priority to a valuation based on quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities and/or based on assumptions that are observable in the market (Level 2), and the lowest priority to a valuation based on assumptions that are not observable in the market (Level 3). See Note 18, “Fair Value Measurements,” for further details regarding the Company’s methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities: The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments as part of its ongoing efforts to manage its interest rate risk exposure. Derivative financial instruments are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets line item “Other assets” or “Other liabilities” at fair value in accordance with ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.”
Cash flow hedges are utilized to mitigate the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows or other types of forecasted transactions. For the Company’s derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges are, to the extent that the hedging relationship is effective, recorded as other comprehensive income and are subsequently recognized in earnings at the same time that the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portions of the changes in fair value of the hedging instruments are immediately recognized in earnings. The assessment of the effectiveness of the hedging relationship is evaluated under the hypothetical derivative method.
The Company also utilizes derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments. The Company enters into interest rate cap and/or floor agreements with its customers and then enters into an offsetting derivative contract position with other financial
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1 – Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
institutions to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with these customer contracts. Because these derivative instruments are not designated as hedging instruments, changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments are recognized currently in earnings.
The Company enters into interest rate lock commitments on certain residential mortgage loans with its customers to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with the commitments to fund fixed-rate mortgage loans. Under such commitments, interest rates for a mortgage loan are typically locked in for up to forty-five days with the customer. These interest rate lock commitments are recorded at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Gains and losses arising from changes in the valuation of the commitments are recognized currently in earnings and are reflected under the line item “Mortgage banking income” on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The Company utilizes two methods to deliver mortgage loans to be sold to an investor. Under a “best efforts” sales agreement, the Company enters into a sales agreement with an investor in the secondary market to sell the loan when an interest rate lock commitment is entered into with a customer, as described above. Under a “best efforts” sales agreement, the Company is obligated to sell the mortgage loan to the investor only if the loan is closed and funded. Thus, the Company will not incur any liability to an investor if the mortgage loan commitment in the pipeline fails to close. Under a “mandatory delivery” sales agreement, the Company commits to deliver a certain principal amount of mortgage loans to an investor at a specified price and delivery date. Penalties are paid to the investor should the Company fail to satisfy the contract. These types of mortgage loan commitments are recorded at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Gains and losses arising from changes in the valuation of these commitments are recognized currently in earnings and are reflected under the line item “Mortgage banking income” on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Treasury Stock: Treasury stock is recorded at cost. Shares held in treasury are not retired.
Retirement Plans: The Company sponsors a noncontributory pension plan and provides retiree health care benefits for certain employees. In connection with its acquisition of Heritage, the Company also assumed a defined benefit pension plan maintained by HeritageBank. All benefits under this plan were finally distributed in August 2016. The Company’s independent actuary firm prepares actuarial valuations of pension cost and obligation under ASC 715, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits” ("ASC 715") using assumptions and estimates derived in accordance with the guidance set forth in ASC 715. Expense related to the plans is included under the line item "Salaries and employee benefits" on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, until they are amortized as a component of plan expense. See Note 14, "Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation Plans," for further details regarding the Company's retirement plans.
Stock-Based Compensation: Compensation expense for option grants and restricted stock awards is determined based on the estimated fair value of the stock options and restricted stock on the applicable grant or award date and is recognized over the respective award's vesting period. Given the low historical forfeiture rate, the Company does not incorporate an estimate for forfeitures when determining compensation expense for stock options and restricted stock awards. Expense associated with the Company’s stock-based compensation is included under the line item “Salaries and employee benefits” on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company recognizes compensation expense for all share-based payments to employees in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.” See Note 14, “Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation Plans,” for further details regarding the Company’s stock-based compensation.
Earnings Per Common Share: Basic net income per common share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per common share reflects the pro forma dilution assuming outstanding stock options were exercised into common shares, calculated in accordance with the treasury stock method. See Note 21, “Net Income Per Common Share,” for the reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings per share computations.
Impact of Recently-Issued Accounting Standards and Pronouncements:
In September 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-16 “Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments.” ASU 2015-16 requires entities to recognize measurement period adjustments during the reporting period in which the adjustments are determined. The income effects, if any, of a measurement period adjustment are cumulative and are to be reported in the period in which the adjustment to a provisional amount is determined. Also, ASU 2015-16 requires presentation on the face of the income statement or in the notes the effect of the measurement period adjustment as if the adjustment had been recognized at acquisition date. ASU 2015-16 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and should be applied prospectively to measurement period adjustments that occur after the effective date. The Company
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1 – Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
is evaluating the impact that ASU 2015-16 will have on its financial position, results of operations, and its financial statement disclosures.
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17 “Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes.” ASU 2015-17 requires all deferred tax assets and liabilities, along with any related valuation allowance, be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is evaluating the impact that ASU 2015-17.
In January 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” ASU 2016-01 revises the accounting for the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities and revises the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. For equity securities, the guidance in ASU 2016-01 requires equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. For financial liabilities that are measured at fair value in accordance with the fair value option, the guidance requires presenting, in other comprehensive income, the change in fair value that relates to a change in instrument-specific credit risk. ASU 2016-01 also eliminates the disclosure assumptions used to estimate fair value for financial instruments measured at amortized cost and requires disclosure of an exit price notion in determining the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost. ASU 2016-01 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is evaluating the impact, if any, that ASU 2016-01 will have on its financial position, results of operations, and its financial statement disclosures.
In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. ASU 2016-02 amends the accounting model and disclosure requirements for leases. The current accounting model for leases distinguishes between capital leases, which are recognized on-balance sheet, and operating leases, which are not. Under the new standard, the lease classifications are defined as finance leases, which are similar to capital leases under current U.S. GAAP, and operating leases. Further, a lessee will recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases with a term greater than 12 months on its balance sheet regardless of the lease’s classification, which may significantly increase reported assets and liabilities. The accounting model and disclosure requirements for lessors remains substantially unchanged from current U.S. GAAP. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact ASU 2016-02 will have on its financial position, results of operations, and other financial statement disclosures.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-07, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting (“ASU 2016-07”). ASU 2016-07 requires an investor to initially apply the equity method of accounting from the date it qualifies for that method, i.e., the date the investor obtains significant influence over the operating and financial policies of an investee. The ASU eliminates the previous requirement to retroactively adjust the investment and record a cumulative catch up for the periods that the investment had been held but did not qualify for the equity method of accounting. For public companies, the amendments in ASU 2016-07 are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The amendments should be applied prospectively upon their effective date to increases in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence that result in the adoption of the equity method. Management is currently evaluating the provisions of ASU 2016-07 to determine the potential impact the new standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”). ASU 2016-09 is intended to reduce complexity in accounting standards by simplifying several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including (1) accounting for income taxes; (2) classification of excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flows; (3) forfeitures; (4) minimum statutory tax withholding requirements; and (5) classification of employee taxes paid on the statement of cash flows when an employer withholds shares for tax withholding purposes. The amendments of ASU 2016-09 are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Management is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). The update will significantly change the way entities recognize impairment on many financial assets by requiring immediate recognition of estimated credit losses expected to occur over the asset's remaining life. The FASB describes this impairment recognition model as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model and believes the CECL model will result in more timely recognition of credit losses since the CECL model incorporates expected credit losses versus incurred credit losses. The scope of FASB’s CECL model would include loans, held-to-maturity debt instruments, lease receivables, loan commitments and financial guarantees that are not accounted for at fair value. For public companies, this update becomes effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Management is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and will continue to monitor FASB’s progress on this topic.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1 – Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 is intended to reduce the diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the Statement of Cash Flows, including (1) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, (2) settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing, (3) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, (4) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, (5) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies, (6) distributions received from equity method investees, (7) beneficial interests in securitization transactions and (8) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. For public companies, this amendment becomes effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The ASU only impacts the presentation of specific items within the Statement of Cash Flows and is not expected to have a material impact to the Company.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other.” ASU 2017-04 will amend and simplify current goodwill impairment testing to eliminate Step 2 from the current provisions. Under the new guidance, an entity should perform the goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. An entity still has the option to perform the quantitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if a quantitative impairment test is necessary. ASU 2017-04 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 and is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.
Note 2 – Mergers and Acquisitions
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
Acquisition of KeyWorth Bank
Effective April 1, 2016, the Company completed its acquisition of KeyWorth Bank (“KeyWorth”) in a transaction valued at approximately $58,884. The Company issued 1,680,021 shares of common stock and paid approximately $3,594 to KeyWorth stock option and warrant holders for 100% of the voting equity interest in KeyWorth. At closing, KeyWorth merged with and into Renasant Bank, with Renasant Bank the surviving banking corporation in the merger.
As a result of the KeyWorth acquisition, the Company acquired total assets with an estimated fair value of $415,232, total loans with an estimated fair value of $272,330 and total deposits with an estimated fair value of $348,961, and six banking locations in the Atlanta metropolitan area. The Company is finalizing the fair value of property and equipment related to the KeyWorth acquisition.
The Company recorded approximately $22,643 in intangible assets which consist of goodwill of $20,633 and a core deposit intangible of $2,010. Goodwill resulted from a combination of revenue enhancements from expansion into new markets and efficiencies resulting from operational synergies. The fair value of the core deposit intangible is being amortized on an accelerated basis over the estimated useful life, currently expected to be approximately 10 years. The goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes.
Acquisition of Heritage Financial Group, Inc.
Effective July 1, 2015, the Company completed its acquisition by merger with Heritage Financial Group, Inc. (“Heritage”) in a transaction valued at $295,444. The Company issued 8,635,879 shares of common stock and paid $5,915 to Heritage stock option holders for 100% of the voting equity interest in Heritage. At closing, Heritage merged with and into the Company, with the Company surviving the merger. On the same date, HeritageBank of the South, Heritage’s wholly-owned subsidiary (“HeritageBank”), was merged into Renasant Bank. On July 1, 2015, Heritage operated 48 banking, mortgage and investment offices in Alabama, Georgia and Florida.
The Company recorded approximately $187,468 in intangible assets which consist of goodwill of $175,212 and a core deposit intangible of $12,256. Goodwill resulted from a combination of revenue enhancements from expansion into new markets and efficiencies resulting from operational synergies. The fair value of the core deposit intangible is being amortized on an accelerated basis over the estimated useful life, currently expected to be approximately 10 years. The goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes.
The following table summarizes the allocation of purchase price to assets and liabilities acquired in connection with the Company’s acquisition of Heritage based on their fair values on July 1, 2015.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 2 - Mergers and Acquisitions (continued)

Purchase Price: |  |
Shares issued to common shareholders | 8,635,879 |  |
Fair value of common stock on date of issuance | $ | 32.60 |  |
Value of stock paid |  | $ | 281,530 |
Cash paid for fractional shares |  | 26 |
Cash settlement for stock options |  | 5,915 |
Deal charges paid on behalf of Heritage |  | 7,973 |
Total Purchase Price |  | $ | 295,444 |
Net Assets Acquired: |  |
Stockholders’ equity at acquisition date | $ | 160,652 |  |
Increase (decrease) to net assets as a result of fair value adjustments to assets acquired and liabilities assumed: |  |
Securities | (1,401 | ) |
Mortgage loans held for sale | (3,158 | ) |
Loans, net of Heritage’s allowance for loan losses | (16,837 | ) |
Fixed assets | (6,419 | ) |
Intangible assets, net of Heritage’s existing core deposit intangible | 18,193 |  |
Other real estate owned | 1,390 |  |
FDIC loss share indemnification asset | (15,507 | ) |
Other assets | 3,045 |  |
Deposits | (3,776 | ) |
Other liabilities | (7,873 | ) |
Deferred income taxes | (8,077 | ) |
Total Net Assets Acquired |  | 120,232 |
Goodwill resulting from merger(1) |  | $ | 175,212 |

(1) The goodwill resulting from the merger has been assigned to the Community Banks operating segment.
The following table summarizes the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at acquisition date in connection with the merger with Heritage.

Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 38,626 |
Securities |  | 177,849 |
Loans, including mortgage loans held for sale, net of unearned income |  | 1,458,411 |
Premises and equipment |  | 42,914 |
Other real estate owned |  | 9,972 |
Intangible assets |  | 187,468 |
Other assets |  | 104,737 |
Total assets |  | 2,019,977 |
Deposits |  | 1,375,354 |
Borrowings |  | 314,656 |
Other liabilities |  | 34,523 |
Total liabilities |  | 1,724,533 |

The following unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated financial information presents the results of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 of the Company as though the merger with Heritage had been completed as of January 1, 2014. The unaudited estimated pro forma information combines the historical consolidated results of Heritage with the Company’s historical consolidated results and includes certain adjustments reflecting the estimated impact of certain fair value adjustments for the periods presented. The pro forma information is not indicative of what would have occurred had the
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 2 - Mergers and Acquisitions (continued)
acquisition taken place on January 1, 2014. The pro forma information does not include the effect of any cost-saving or revenue-enhancing strategies. Merger expenses are reflected in the period in which they were incurred.

| Twelve Months Ended
| December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015
Interest income | $ | 329,138 |  |  | $ | 301,226 |
Interest expense | 28,147 |  |  | 21,858 |
Net interest income | 300,991 |  |  | 279,368 |
Provision for loan and lease losses | 7,530 |  |  | 5,050 |
Noninterest income | 137,231 |  |  | 135,379 |
Noninterest expense | 294,915 |  |  | 309,803 |
Income before income taxes | 135,777 |  |  | 99,894 |
Income taxes | 44,847 |  |  | 31,772 |
Net income | $ | 90,930 |  |  | $ | 68,122 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |
Basic | $ | 2.18 |  |  | $ | 1.69 |
Diluted | $ | 2.17 |  |  | $ | 1.68 |

The Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 include the impact of Heritage’s operations since the acquisition date. Due to the system conversion during the third quarter of 2015 and the integration of Heritage’s operating activities into the Company’s existing operations, historical reporting for Heritage operations is impracticable, and, therefore, disclosure of the amounts of revenue and expenses of Heritage included in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income since the acquisition date is impracticable.
Note 3 – Securities
(In Thousands, Except Number of Securities)
The amortized cost and fair value of securities held to maturity were as follows as of the dates presented:

| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations | $ | 14,101 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (187 | ) |  | $ | 13,918 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 342,181 |  |  | 8,572 |  |  | (1,778 | ) |  | 348,975 |
| $ | 356,282 |  |  | $ | 8,576 |  |  | $ | (1,965 | ) |  | $ | 362,893 |
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations | $ | 101,155 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | (1,214 | ) |  | $ | 99,967 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 357,245 |  |  | 16,636 |  |  | (95 | ) |  | 373,786 |
| $ | 458,400 |  |  | $ | 16,662 |  |  | $ | (1,309 | ) |  | $ | 473,753 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 3 - Securities (continued)
The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale were as follows as of the dates presented:

| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations | $ | 2,066 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,158 |
Residential mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 414,019 |  |  | 1,941 |  |  | (6,643 | ) |  | 409,317 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 171,362 |  |  | 831 |  |  | (3,367 | ) |  | 168,826 |
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 50,628 |  |  | 696 |  |  | (461 | ) |  | 50,863 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 2,528 |  |  | 38 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | 2,550 |
Trust preferred securities | 23,749 |  |  | — |  |  | (5,360 | ) |  | 18,389 |
Other debt securities | 22,053 |  |  | 310 |  |  | (218 | ) |  | 22,145 |
Other equity securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 686,405 |  |  | $ | 3,908 |  |  | $ | (16,065 | ) |  | $ | 674,248 |

| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations | $ | 6,093 |  |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | (19 | ) |  | $ | 6,200 |
Residential mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 362,669 |  |  | 3,649 |  |  | (1,778 | ) |  | 364,540 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 168,916 |  |  | 1,449 |  |  | (2,305 | ) |  | 168,060 |
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 58,864 |  |  | 1,002 |  |  | (107 | ) |  | 59,759 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 4,947 |  |  | 158 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 5,104 |
Trust preferred securities | 24,770 |  |  | — |  |  | (5,301 | ) |  | 19,469 |
Other debt securities | 18,899 |  |  | 468 |  |  | (34 | ) |  | 19,333 |
Other equity securities | 2,500 |  |  | 1,840 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,340 |
| $ | 647,658 |  |  | $ | 8,692 |  |  | $ | (9,545 | ) |  | $ | 646,805 |

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company sold "other equity securities" with a carrying value of $2,842 at the time of sale for net proceeds of $4,028 resulting in a gain of $1,186. During the same period in 2015 and 2014, the Company sold securities with a carrying value at the time of sale of $1,117 and $724, respectively, for net proceeds of $1,213 and $1,099, respectively, resulting in a gain of $96 and $375, respectively. Also in 2015, the Company sold certain investments acquired from Heritage shortly after acquisition with an aggregate carrying value of $7,231 at the time of sale for net proceeds of $7,231, resulting in no gain or loss on the sale.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 3 - Securities (continued)
Gross realized gains and gross realized losses on sales of securities available for sale for the years 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Gross gains on sales of securities available for sale | $ | 1,257 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 375 |
Gross losses on sales of securities available for sale | (71 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Gain on sales of securities available for sale, net | $ | 1,186 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 375 |

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, securities with a carrying value of approximately $642,447 and $679,492, respectively, were pledged to secure government, public, trust, and other deposits. Securities with a carrying value of $24,426 and $39,275 were pledged as collateral for short-term borrowings and derivative instruments at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The amortized cost and fair value of securities at December 31, 2016 by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

| Held to Maturity |  | Available for Sale
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Due within one year | $ | 11,419 |  |  | $ | 11,504 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Due after one year through five years | 110,979 |  |  | 114,123 |  |  | 2,066 |  |  | 2,158 |
Due after five years through ten years | 129,883 |  |  | 131,145 |  |  | 1,047 |  |  | 1,039 |
Due after ten years | 104,001 |  |  | 106,121 |  |  | 23,749 |  |  | 18,389 |
Residential mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 414,019 |  |  | 409,317 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  |  | — |  |  | 171,362 |  |  | 168,826 |
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50,628 |  |  | 50,863 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,528 |  |  | 2,550 |
Other debt securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,006 |  |  | 21,106 |
Other equity securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 356,282 |  |  | $ | 362,893 |  |  | $ | 686,405 |  |  | $ | 674,248 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 3 - Securities (continued)
The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and fair value of investment securities, aggregated by investment category and the length of time the investments have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of the dates presented:

| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
| # |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | # |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | # |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Held to Maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations | 4 |  | $ | 11,915 |  |  | $ | (187 | ) |  | 0 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 4 |  | $ | 11,915 |  |  | $ | (187 | )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 102 |  | 83,362 |  |  | (1,778 | ) |  | 0 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 102 |  | 83,362 |  |  | (1,778 | )
Total | 106 |  | $ | 95,277 |  |  | $ | (1,965 | ) |  | 0 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 106 |  | $ | 95,277 |  |  | $ | (1,965 | )
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations | 10 |  | $ | 31,567 |  |  | $ | (414 | ) |  | 8 |  | $ | 38,688 |  |  | $ | (800 | ) |  | 18 |  | $ | 70,255 |  |  | $ | (1,214 | )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 6 |  | 4,815 |  |  | (53 | ) |  | 7 |  | 4,921 |  |  | (42 | ) |  | 13 |  | 9,736 |  |  | (95 | )
Total | 16 |  | $ | 36,382 |  |  | $ | (467 | ) |  | 15 |  | $ | 43,609 |  |  | $ | (842 | ) |  | 31 |  | $ | 79,991 |  |  | $ | (1,309 | )

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 3 - Securities (continued)

| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
| # |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | # |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | # |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Available for Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations | 0 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 0 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 0 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Residential mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 131 |  | 298,400 |  |  | (6,042 | ) |  | 5 |  | 11,504 |  |  | (601 | ) |  | 136 |  | 309,904 |  |  | (6,643 | )
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 40 |  | 97,356 |  |  | (1,845 | ) |  | 14 |  | 33,786 |  |  | (1,522 | ) |  | 54 |  | 131,142 |  |  | (3,367 | )
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 9 |  | 21,933 |  |  | (453 | ) |  | 2 |  | 1,101 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | 11 |  | 23,034 |  |  | (461 | )
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 1 |  | 1,729 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | 0 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | 1,729 |  |  | (16 | )
Trust preferred securities | 0 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  | 18,389 |  |  | (5,360 | ) |  | 3 |  | 18,389 |  |  | (5,360 | )
Other debt securities | 3 |  | 7,946 |  |  | (208 | ) |  | 2 |  | 2,475 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 5 |  | 10,421 |  |  | (218 | )
Other equity securities | 0 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0 |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | 184 |  | $ | 427,364 |  |  | $ | (8,564 | ) |  | 26 |  | $ | 67,255 |  |  | $ | (7,501 | ) |  | 210 |  | $ | 494,619 |  |  | $ | (16,065 | )
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations | 1 |  | $ | 3,981 |  |  | $ | (19 | ) |  | 0 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 1 |  | $ | 3,981 |  |  | $ | (19 | )
Residential mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 34 |  | 130,306 |  |  | (937 | ) |  | 9 |  | 27,431 |  |  | (841 | ) |  | 43 |  | 157,737 |  |  | (1,778 | )
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 25 |  | 52,128 |  |  | (347 | ) |  | 16 |  | 51,574 |  |  | (1,958 | ) |  | 41 |  | 103,702 |  |  | (2,305 | )
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 8 |  | 16,782 |  |  | (104 | ) |  | 1 |  | 814 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 9 |  | 17,596 |  |  | (107 | )
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 1 |  | 1,882 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 0 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | 1,882 |  |  | (1 | )
Trust preferred securities | 0 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  | 19,469 |  |  | (5,301 | ) |  | 3 |  | 19,469 |  |  | (5,301 | )
Other debt securities | 1 |  | 1,316 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 2 |  | 3,866 |  |  | (31 | ) |  | 3 |  | 5,182 |  |  | (34 | )
Other equity securities | 0 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0 |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | 70 |  | $ | 206,395 |  |  | $ | (1,411 | ) |  | 31 |  | $ | 103,154 |  |  | $ | (8,134 | ) |  | 101 |  | $ | 309,549 |  |  | $ | (9,545 | )

The Company does not intend to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell any such security prior to the recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may be maturity. Furthermore, even though a number of these securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for a period greater than twelve months, the Company is collecting principal and interest payments from the respective issuers as scheduled. As such, the Company did not record any other-than-temporary impairment for the years ended December 31, 2016 or 2015.
The Company holds investments in pooled trust preferred securities that had a cost basis of $23,749 and $24,770 and a fair value of $18,389 and $19,469 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The investments in pooled trust preferred securities consist of three securities representing interests in various tranches of trusts collateralized by debt issued by over 250 financial institutions. Management’s determination of the fair value of each of its holdings in pooled trust preferred securities is based on the current credit ratings, the known deferrals and defaults by the underlying issuing financial institutions and the degree to which future deferrals and defaults would be required to occur before the cash flow for the Company’s tranches is negatively impacted. In addition, management continually monitors key credit quality and capital ratios of the issuing institutions. This determination is further supported by quarterly valuations, which are performed by third parties, of each security obtained by the Company. The Company does not intend to sell the investments, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments, before recovery of the investments’ amortized cost, which may be at maturity. At December 31, 2016, management did not, and does not currently, believe such securities will be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment, but the Company previously concluded that it was probable that there had been an adverse change in estimated cash flows for all three
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 3 - Securities (continued)
trust preferred securities and recognized credit related impairment losses on these securities in 2010 and 2011. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, the Company determined the pooled trust preferred securities and their estimated cash flow were fairly valued, and no additional impairment was recognized during these periods.
The Company’s analysis of the pooled trust preferred securities during 2015 supported a return to accrual status for one of the three securities (XXVI). During 2014, the Company’s analysis supported a return to accrual status for one of the other securities (XXIII). An observed history of principal and interest payments combined with improved qualitative and quantitative factors described above justified the accrual of interest on these securities. Based on the qualitative and quantitative factors described above, a return to accrual status of the remaining security (XXIV) is not justified at this time and as a result, pooled trust preferred security XXIV remains classified as a nonaccruing asset at December 31, 2016. Investment interest on this security is recorded on the cash-basis method until qualifying for return to accrual status.
The following table provides information regarding the Company’s investments in pooled trust preferred securities at December 31, 2016:

Name |  | Single/ Pooled |  | Class/ Tranche |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Gain (Loss) |  | Lowest Credit Rating |  | Issuers Currently in Deferral or Default
XXIII |  | Pooled |  | B-2 |  | $ | 8,293 |  |  | $ | 5,680 |  |  | $ | (2,613 | ) |  | Baa3 |  | 17%
XXIV |  | Pooled |  | B-2 |  | 11,242 |  |  | 9,646 |  |  | (1,596 | ) |  | Caa2 |  | 24%
XXVI |  | Pooled |  | B-2 |  | 4,214 |  |  | 3,063 |  |  | (1,151 | ) |  | Ba3 |  | 19%
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 23,749 |  |  | $ | 18,389 |  |  | $ | (5,360 | ) |  |  |  |

The following table provides a summary of the cumulative credit related losses recognized in earnings for which a portion of OTTI has been recognized in other comprehensive income:

| 2016 |  | 2015
Balance at January 1 | $ | (3,337 | ) |  | $ | (3,337 | )
Additions related to credit losses for which OTTI was not previously recognized | — |  |  | — |
Increases in credit loss for which OTTI was previously recognized | — |  |  | — |
Balance at December 31 | $ | (3,337 | ) |  | $ | (3,337 | )

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 4 – Non Purchased Loans
(In Thousands, Except Number of Loans)
For purposes of this Note 4, all references to “loans” mean non purchased loans.
The following is a summary of non purchased loans and leases at December 31:

| 2016 |  | 2015
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 589,290 |  |  | $ | 485,407 |
Lease financing | 49,250 |  |  | 35,978 |
Real estate – construction | 483,926 |  |  | 291,701 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 1,425,730 |  |  | 1,204,228 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 2,075,137 |  |  | 1,729,049 |
Installment loans to individuals | 92,648 |  |  | 85,234 |
Gross loans | 4,715,981 |  |  | 3,831,597 |
Unearned income | (2,409 | ) |  | (1,163 | )
Loans, net of unearned income | 4,713,572 |  |  | 3,830,434 |

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 4 - Non Purchased Loans (continued)
Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans
The following table provides an aging of past due and nonaccrual loans, segregated by class, as of the dates presented:

| Accruing Loans |  | Nonaccruing Loans
| 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 Days or More Past Due |  | Current Loans |  | Total Loans |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 Days or More Past Due |  | Current Loans |  | Total Loans |  | Total Loans
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 811 |  |  | $ | 720 |  |  | $ | 586,730 |  |  | $ | 588,261 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 932 |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 1,029 |  |  | $ | 589,290 |
Lease financing | 193 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,919 |  |  | 49,112 |  |  | — |  |  | 138 |  |  | — |  |  | 138 |  |  | 49,250 |
Real estate – construction | 995 |  |  | — |  |  | 482,931 |  |  | 483,926 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 483,926 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 6,189 |  |  | 1,136 |  |  | 1,414,254 |  |  | 1,421,579 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 1,222 |  |  | 2,768 |  |  | 4,151 |  |  | 1,425,730 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 2,283 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 2,066,821 |  |  | 2,069,203 |  |  | 580 |  |  | 2,778 |  |  | 2,576 |  |  | 5,934 |  |  | 2,075,137 |
Installment loans to individuals | 324 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 92,179 |  |  | 92,627 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | 92,648 |
Unearned income | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,409 | ) |  | (2,409 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,409 | )
Total | $ | 10,795 |  |  | $ | 2,079 |  |  | $ | 4,689,425 |  |  | $ | 4,702,299 |  |  | $ | 741 |  |  | $ | 5,091 |  |  | $ | 5,441 |  |  | $ | 11,273 |  |  | $ | 4,713,572 |
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 485,095 |  |  | $ | 485,309 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | 485,407 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35,978 |  |  | 35,978 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35,978 |
Real estate – construction | 68 |  |  | — |  |  | 291,633 |  |  | 291,701 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 291,701 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 4,461 |  |  | 807 |  |  | 1,192,318 |  |  | 1,197,586 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 1,857 |  |  | 4,415 |  |  | 6,642 |  |  | 1,204,228 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 2,391 |  |  | 425 |  |  | 1,719,329 |  |  | 1,722,145 |  |  | 568 |  |  | 1,668 |  |  | 4,668 |  |  | 6,904 |  |  | 1,729,049 |
Installment loans to individuals | 167 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 85,011 |  |  | 85,234 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 85,234 |
Unearned income | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,163 | ) |  | (1,163 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,163 | )
Total | $ | 7,263 |  |  | $ | 1,326 |  |  | $ | 3,808,201 |  |  | $ | 3,816,790 |  |  | $ | 968 |  |  | $ | 3,593 |  |  | $ | 9,083 |  |  | $ | 13,644 |  |  | $ | 3,830,434 |

Restructured loans that are not performing in accordance with their restructured terms that are either contractually 90 days or more past due or placed on nonaccrual status are reported as nonperforming loans. There was one restructured loan totaling $69 that was contractually 90 days past due or more and still accruing at December 31, 2016. There was one restructured loan totaling $38 that was contractually 90 days past due or more and still accruing at December 31, 2015. The outstanding balance of restructured loans on nonaccrual status was $6,164 and $8,739 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 4 - Non Purchased Loans (continued)
Impaired Loans
Impaired loans recognized in conformity with ASC 310-20, segregated by class, were as follows as of the dates and periods presented:

| As of December 31, 2016 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2016
| Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
With a related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 1,175 |  |  | $ | 1,539 |  |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 856 |  |  | $ | 28 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | 517 |  |  | 517 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 469 |  |  | 26 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 9,207 |  |  | 10,823 |  |  | 1,091 |  |  | 9,603 |  |  | 225 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 10,053 |  |  | 13,667 |  |  | 2,397 |  |  | 11,180 |  |  | 305 |
Installment loans to individuals | 87 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 2 |
Total | $ | 21,039 |  |  | $ | 26,633 |  |  | $ | 3,626 |  |  | $ | 22,206 |  |  | $ | 586 |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | — |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | — |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 568 |  |  | 1,340 |  |  | — |  |  | 938 |  |  | 38 |
Installment loans to individuals | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 568 |  |  | $ | 1,378 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,003 |  |  | $ | 38 |
Totals | $ | 21,607 |  |  | $ | 28,011 |  |  | $ | 3,626 |  |  | $ | 23,209 |  |  | $ | 624 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 4 - Non Purchased Loans (continued)

| As of December 31, 2015 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2015
| Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
With a related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 344 |  |  | $ | 531 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 508 |  |  | $ | 17 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 15,995 |  |  | 17,518 |  |  | 4,474 |  |  | 16,751 |  |  | 366 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 15,626 |  |  | 18,918 |  |  | 2,906 |  |  | 17,059 |  |  | 469 |
Installment loans to individuals | 67 |  |  | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | 67 |  |  | 2 |
Total | $ | 32,032 |  |  | $ | 37,034 |  |  | $ | 7,386 |  |  | $ | 34,385 |  |  | $ | 854 |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 760 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | — |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Installment loans to individuals | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 760 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | — |
Totals | $ | 32,044 |  |  | $ | 37,794 |  |  | $ | 7,386 |  |  | $ | 34,428 |  |  | $ | 854 |

The average recorded investment in impaired loans for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $48,351. Interest income recognized on impaired loans for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $1,942.
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 4 - Non Purchased Loans (continued)
Restructured Loans
The following table presents restructured loans segregated by class as of the dates presented:

| Number of Loans |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | 1 |  |  | 510 |  |  | 518 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 43 |  |  | 4,498 |  |  | 4,105 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 8 |  |  | 4,324 |  |  | 2,758 |
Installment loans to individuals | 1 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 66 |
Total | 53 |  |  | $ | 9,398 |  |  | $ | 7,447 |
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | 1 |  |  | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | 257 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 46 |  |  | 5,249 |  |  | 4,754 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 11 |  |  | 6,365 |  |  | 5,174 |
Installment loans to individuals | 1 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 67 |
Total | 59 |  |  | $ | 11,938 |  |  | $ | 10,252 |

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 4 - Non Purchased Loans (continued)
Changes in the Company’s restructured loans are set forth in the table below.

| Number of Loans |  | Recorded Investment
Totals at January 1, 2015 | 49 |  |  | $ | 13,879 |
Additional loans with concessions | 39 |  |  | 10,077 |
Reductions due to: |  |  |
Reclassified as nonperforming | (6 | ) |  | (2,870 | )
Paid in full | (21 | ) |  | (8,127 | )
Charge-offs | (1 | ) |  | (56 | )
Transfer to other real estate owned | — |  |  | — |
Principal paydowns | — |  |  | (428 | )
Lapse of concession period | — |  |  | — |
TDR reclassified as performing loan | (1 | ) |  | $ | (2,223 | )
Totals at December 31, 2015 | 59 |  |  | $ | 10,252 |
Additional loans with concessions | 16 |  |  | 2,075 |
Reductions due to: |  |  |
Reclassified as nonperforming | (4 | ) |  | (1,406 | )
Paid in full | (16 | ) |  | (2,233 | )
Charge-offs | (1 | ) |  | (275 | )
Transfer to other real estate owned | (1 | ) |  | (51 | )
Principal paydowns | — |  |  | (915 | )
Lapse of concession period | — |  |  | — |
TDR reclassified as performing loan | — |  |  | $ | — |
Totals at December 31, 2016 | 53 |  |  | $ | 7,447 |

The allocated allowance for loan losses attributable to restructured loans was $283 and $884 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company had $2 remaining availability under commitments to lend additional funds on these restructured loans at December 31, 2016 and zero dollars in remaining availability under commitments to lend additional funds on these restructured loans at December 31, 2015.
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 4 - Non Purchased Loans (continued)
Credit Quality
For commercial and commercial real estate secured loans, internal risk-rating grades are assigned by lending, credit administration or loan review personnel, based on an analysis of the financial and collateral strength and other credit attributes underlying each loan. Management analyzes the resulting ratings, as well as other external statistics and factors such as delinquency, to track the migration performance of the portfolio balances of commercial and commercial real estate secured loans. Loan grades range between 1 and 9, with 1 being loans with the least credit risk. Loans that migrate toward the “Pass” grade (those with a risk rating between 1 and 4) or within the “Pass” grade generally have a lower risk of loss and therefore a lower risk factor. The “Watch” grade (those with a risk rating of 5) is utilized on a temporary basis for “Pass” grade loans where a significant risk-modifying action is anticipated in the near term. Loans that migrate toward the “Substandard” grade (those with a risk rating between 6 and 9) generally have a higher risk of loss and therefore a higher risk factor applied to those related loan balances. The following table presents the Company’s loan portfolio by risk-rating grades as of the dates presented:

| Pass |  | Watch |  | Substandard |  | Total
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 434,323 |  |  | $ | 4,531 |  |  | $ | 850 |  |  | $ | 439,704 |
Real estate – construction | 402,156 |  |  | 393 |  |  | — |  |  | 402,549 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 190,882 |  |  | 3,374 |  |  | 6,129 |  |  | 200,385 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 1,734,523 |  |  | 18,118 |  |  | 13,088 |  |  | 1,765,729 |
Installment loans to individuals | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 2,761,884 |  |  | $ | 26,416 |  |  | $ | 20,067 |  |  | $ | 2,808,367 |
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 336,583 |  |  | $ | 8,146 |  |  | $ | 690 |  |  | $ | 345,419 |
Real estate – construction | 223,962 |  |  | 483 |  |  | — |  |  | 224,445 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 138,852 |  |  | 5,163 |  |  | 11,688 |  |  | 155,703 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 1,406,188 |  |  | 22,142 |  |  | 18,964 |  |  | 1,447,294 |
Installment loans to individuals | 52 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 57 |
Total | $ | 2,105,637 |  |  | $ | 35,934 |  |  | $ | 31,347 |  |  | $ | 2,172,918 |

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 4 - Non Purchased Loans (continued)
For portfolio balances of consumer, consumer mortgage and certain other similar loan types, allowance factors are determined based on historical loss ratios by portfolio for the preceding eight quarters and may be adjusted by other qualitative criteria. The following table presents the performing status of the Company’s loan portfolio not subject to risk rating as of the dates presented:

| Performing |  | Non-Performing |  | Total
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 148,499 |  |  | $ | 1,087 |  |  | $ | 149,586 |
Lease financing | 46,703 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 46,841 |
Real estate – construction | 81,377 |  |  | — |  |  | 81,377 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 1,222,816 |  |  | 2,529 |  |  | 1,225,345 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 308,609 |  |  | 799 |  |  | 309,408 |
Installment loans to individuals | 92,504 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 92,648 |
Total | $ | 1,900,508 |  |  | $ | 4,697 |  |  | $ | 1,905,205 |
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 139,895 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 139,988 |
Lease financing | 34,815 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,815 |
Real estate – construction | 67,256 |  |  | — |  |  | 67,256 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 1,046,100 |  |  | 2,425 |  |  | 1,048,525 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 280,888 |  |  | 867 |  |  | 281,755 |
Installment loans to individuals | 85,121 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 85,177 |
Total | $ | 1,654,075 |  |  | $ | 3,441 |  |  | $ | 1,657,516 |

Related Party Loans
Certain executive officers and directors of Renasant Bank and their associates are customers of and have other transactions with Renasant Bank. Related party loans and commitments are made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with persons not related to the Company or the Bank and do not involve more than a normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features. A summary of the changes in related party loans follows:

Loans at December 31, 2015 | $ | 16,013 |
New loans and advances | 576 |
Payments received | (3,532 | )
Changes in related parties | 1,211 |
Loans at December 31, 2016 | $ | 14,268 |

No related party loans were classified as past due, nonaccrual, impaired or restructured at December 31, 2016 or 2015. Unfunded commitments to certain executive officers and directors and their associates totaled $5,933 and $5,780 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Note 5 – Purchased Loans
(In Thousands, Except Number of Loans)
For purposes of this Note 5, all references to “loans” mean purchased loans.
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 5 – Purchased Loans (continued)
The following is a summary of purchased loans at December 31:

| 2016 |  | 2015
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 128,200 |  |  | $ | 151,430 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | 68,753 |  |  | 65,964 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 452,447 |  |  | 531,095 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 823,758 |  |  | 804,680 |
Installment loans to individuals | 15,979 |  |  | 29,859 |
Gross loans | 1,489,137 |  |  | 1,583,028 |
Unearned income | — |  |  | — |
Loans, net of unearned income | 1,489,137 |  |  | 1,583,028 |

Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans
The following table provides an aging of past due and nonaccrual loans, segregated by class, as of the dates presented:

| Accruing Loans |  | Nonaccruing Loans
| 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 Days or More Past Due |  | Current Loans |  | Total Loans |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 Days or More Past Due |  | Current Loans |  | Total Loans |  | Total Loans
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 823 |  |  | $ | 990 |  |  | $ | 125,417 |  |  | $ | 127,230 |  |  | $ | 260 |  |  | $ | 381 |  |  | $ | 329 |  |  | $ | 970 |  |  | $ | 128,200 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | 527 |  |  | 321 |  |  | 67,760 |  |  | 68,608 |  |  | — |  |  | 145 |  |  | — |  |  | 145 |  |  | 68,753 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 4,572 |  |  | 3,382 |  |  | 440,258 |  |  | 448,212 |  |  | 417 |  |  | 2,047 |  |  | 1,771 |  |  | 4,235 |  |  | 452,447 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 3,045 |  |  | 6,112 |  |  | 808,886 |  |  | 818,043 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,661 |  |  | 3,054 |  |  | 5,715 |  |  | 823,758 |
Installment loans to individuals | 96 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 15,591 |  |  | 15,697 |  |  | — |  |  | 156 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 282 |  |  | 15,979 |
Unearned income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 9,063 |  |  | $ | 10,815 |  |  | $ | 1,457,912 |  |  | $ | 1,477,790 |  |  | $ | 677 |  |  | $ | 5,390 |  |  | $ | 5,280 |  |  | $ | 11,347 |  |  | $ | 1,489,137 |
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | 1,039 |  |  | $ | 148,942 |  |  | $ | 151,101 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | 264 |  |  | $ | 329 |  |  | $ | 151,430 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | — |  |  | 176 |  |  | 65,788 |  |  | 65,964 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 65,964 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 4,735 |  |  | 5,650 |  |  | 514,912 |  |  | 525,297 |  |  | 158 |  |  | 1,806 |  |  | 3,834 |  |  | 5,798 |  |  | 531,095 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 2,458 |  |  | 8,156 |  |  | 784,863 |  |  | 795,477 |  |  | — |  |  | 595 |  |  | 8,608 |  |  | 9,203 |  |  | 804,680 |
Installment loans to individuals | 94 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 29,659 |  |  | 29,799 |  |  | — |  |  | 53 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 29,859 |
Unearned income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 8,407 |  |  | $ | 15,067 |  |  | $ | 1,544,164 |  |  | $ | 1,567,638 |  |  | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | 2,519 |  |  | $ | 12,713 |  |  | $ | 15,390 |  |  | $ | 1,583,028 |

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 5 – Purchased Loans (continued)
Restructured loans that are not performing in accordance with their restructured terms that are either contractually 90 days or more past due or placed on nonaccrual status are reported as nonperforming loans. There were three restructured loan totaling $56 that was contractually 90 days past due or more and still accruing at December 31, 2016. There was one restructured loan totaling $275 that was contractually 90 days past due or more and still accruing at December 31, 2015. The outstanding balance of restructured loans on nonaccrual status was $1,206 and $4,778 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Impaired Loans
Purchased non credit deteriorated loans that were subsequently impaired and recognized in conformity with ASC 310-20, segregated by class, were as follows as of the dates and periods presented:

| As of December 31, 2016 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2016
| Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
With a related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 487 |  |  | $ | 503 |  |  | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | 145 |  |  | 147 |  |  | — |  |  | 148 |  |  | — |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 1,496 |  |  | 1,538 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 1,535 |  |  | 7 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 2,275 |  |  | 2,299 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 2,273 |  |  | 111 |
Installment loans to individuals | 135 |  |  | 159 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 161 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 4,538 |  |  | $ | 4,646 |  |  | $ | 515 |  |  | $ | 4,617 |  |  | $ | 120 |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 1,385 |  |  | 1,557 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,550 |  |  | 33 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 183 |  |  | 186 |  |  | — |  |  | 194 |  |  | 11 |
Installment loans to individuals | 55 |  |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | 61 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,847 |  |  | $ | 2,028 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,977 |  |  | $ | 48 |
Totals | $ | 6,385 |  |  | $ | 6,674 |  |  | $ | 515 |  |  | $ | 6,594 |  |  | $ | 168 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 5 – Purchased Loans (continued)

| As of December 31, 2015 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2015
| Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
With a related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | — |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | 2,698 |  |  | 2,710 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 899 |  |  | 78 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 655 |  |  | 675 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 712 |  |  | 28 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 1,193 |  |  | 1,251 |  |  | 193 |  |  | 1,223 |  |  | 19 |
Installment loans to individuals | 23 |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 4,583 |  |  | $ | 4,676 |  |  | $ | 214 |  |  | $ | 2,860 |  |  | $ | 125 |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Installment loans to individuals | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Totals | $ | 4,583 |  |  | $ | 4,676 |  |  | $ | 214 |  |  | $ | 2,860 |  |  | $ | 125 |

Purchased credit deteriorated loans recognized in conformity with ASC 310-30, segregated by class, were as follows as of the dates and periods presented:

| As of December 31, 2016 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2016
| Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
With a related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 4,555 |  |  | $ | 5,038 |  |  | $ | 372 |  |  | $ | 4,728 |  |  | $ | 207 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 21,887 |  |  | 23,128 |  |  | 841 |  |  | 23,021 |  |  | 1,015 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 62,449 |  |  | 70,970 |  |  | 1,606 |  |  | 62,759 |  |  | 2,674 |
Installment loans to individuals | 366 |  |  | 368 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 382 |  |  | 13 |
Total | $ | 89,257 |  |  | $ | 99,504 |  |  | $ | 2,820 |  |  | $ | 90,890 |  |  | $ | 3,909 |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 7,439 |  |  | $ | 15,659 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,304 |  |  | $ | 819 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | 840 |  |  | 1,141 |  |  | — |  |  | 648 |  |  | 38 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 50,065 |  |  | 63,597 |  |  | — |  |  | 64,306 |  |  | 2,636 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 122,538 |  |  | 158,105 |  |  | — |  |  | 149,917 |  |  | 7,053 |
Installment loans to individuals | 1,619 |  |  | 2,098 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,967 |  |  | 77 |
Total | $ | 182,501 |  |  | $ | 240,600 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 227,142 |  |  | $ | 10,623 |
Totals | $ | 271,758 |  |  | $ | 340,104 |  |  | $ | 2,820 |  |  | $ | 318,032 |  |  | $ | 14,532 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 5 – Purchased Loans (continued)

| As of December 31, 2015 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2015
| Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
With a related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 5,197 |  |  | $ | 5,694 |  |  | $ | 353 |  |  | $ | 4,774 |  |  | $ | 212 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 15,702 |  |  | 16,002 |  |  | 256 |  |  | 15,498 |  |  | 799 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 53,762 |  |  | 57,950 |  |  | 1,096 |  |  | 56,548 |  |  | 2,667 |
Installment loans to individuals | 400 |  |  | 694 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 416 |  |  | 13 |
Total | $ | 75,061 |  |  | $ | 80,340 |  |  | $ | 1,706 |  |  | $ | 77,236 |  |  | $ | 3,691 |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 11,292 |  |  | $ | 21,355 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,830 |  |  | $ | 1,106 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | 2,749 |  |  | 2,916 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,114 |  |  | 108 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 75,947 |  |  | 93,291 |  |  | — |  |  | 82,562 |  |  | 3,258 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 168,848 |  |  | 229,871 |  |  | — |  |  | 180,326 |  |  | 9,546 |
Installment loans to individuals | 2,268 |  |  | 2,738 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,942 |  |  | 119 |
Total | $ | 261,104 |  |  | $ | 350,171 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 277,774 |  |  | $ | 14,137 |
Totals | $ | 336,165 |  |  | $ | 430,511 |  |  | $ | 1,706 |  |  | $ | 355,010 |  |  | $ | 17,828 |

The average recorded investment in impaired loans for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $2,037 . Interest income recognized on impaired loans for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $59.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 5 – Purchased Loans (continued)
Restructured Loans
The following table presents restructured loans segregated by class as of the dates presented:

| Number of Loans |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | 1 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 17 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 30 |  |  | 2,754 |  |  | 2,081 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 11 |  |  | 2,641 |  |  | 1,930 |
Installment loans to individuals | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | 42 |  |  | $ | 5,436 |  |  | $ | 4,028 |
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 17 |  |  | 1,339 |  |  | 1,024 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 9 |  |  | 2,658 |  |  | 2,177 |
Installment loans to individuals | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | 26 |  |  | $ | 3,997 |  |  | $ | 3,201 |

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 5 – Purchased Loans (continued)
Changes in the Company’s restructured loans are set forth in the table below.

| Number of Loans |  | Recorded Investment
Totals at January 1, 2015 | 4 |  |  | $ | 458 |
Additional loans with concessions | 23 |  |  | 3,341 |
Reductions due to: |  |  |
Reclassified as nonperforming | (1 | ) |  | (275 | )
Paid in full | — |  |  | — |
Charge-offs | — |  |  | — |
Transfer to other real estate owned | — |  |  | — |
Principal paydowns | — |  |  | (323 | )
Lapse of concession period | — |  |  | — |
TDR reclassified as performing loan | — |  |  | $ | — |
Totals at December 31, 2015 | 26 |  |  | $ | 3,201 |
Additional loans with concessions | 25 |  |  | 2,472 |
Reductions due to: |  |  |
Reclassified as nonperforming | (4 | ) |  | (216 | )
Paid in full | (5 | ) |  | (1,297 | )
Charge-offs | — |  |  | — |
Transfer to other real estate owned | — |  |  | — |
Principal paydowns | — |  |  | (132 | )
Lapse of concession period | — |  |  | — |
TDR reclassified as performing loan | — |  |  | $ | — |
Totals at December 31, 2016 | 42 |  |  | $ | 4,028 |

The allocated allowance for loan losses attributable to restructured loans was $35 and $95 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company had $3 remaining availability under commitments to lend additional funds on these restructured loans at December 31, 2016 and zero dollars in remaining availability under commitments to lend additional funds on these restructured loans at December 31, 2015.
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 5 – Purchased Loans (continued)
Credit Quality
The following table presents the Company’s loan portfolio by risk-rating grades as of the dates presented:

| Pass |  | Watch |  | Substandard |  | Total
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 102,777 |  |  | $ | 2,370 |  |  | $ | 1,491 |  |  | $ | 106,638 |
Real estate – construction | 61,206 |  |  | 2,640 |  |  | — |  |  | 63,846 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 105,265 |  |  | 7,665 |  |  | 364 |  |  | 113,294 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 608,192 |  |  | 8,445 |  |  | 723 |  |  | 617,360 |
Installment loans to individuals | — |  |  | — |  |  | 114 |  |  | 114 |
Total | $ | 877,440 |  |  | $ | 21,120 |  |  | $ | 2,692 |  |  | $ | 901,252 |
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 128,602 |  |  | $ | 352 |  |  | $ | 1,044 |  |  | $ | 129,998 |
Real estate – construction | 49,436 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49,436 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 136,417 |  |  | 4,549 |  |  | 3,772 |  |  | 144,738 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 562,164 |  |  | 5,033 |  |  | 1,719 |  |  | 568,916 |
Installment loans to individuals | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 876,619 |  |  | $ | 9,934 |  |  | $ | 6,535 |  |  | $ | 893,088 |

The following table presents the performing status of the Company’s loan portfolio not subject to risk rating as of the dates presented:

| Performing |  | Non-Performing |  | Total
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 9,489 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 9,568 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | 3,601 |  | 5 |  | 466 |  |  | 4,067 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 265,697 |  |  | 1,504 |  |  | 267,201 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 21,353 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 21,411 |
Installment loans to individuals | 13,712 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 13,880 |
Total | $ | 313,852 |  |  | $ | 2,275 |  |  | $ | 316,127 |
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 4,943 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,943 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – construction | 13,779 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,779 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 294,256 |  |  | 452 |  |  | 294,708 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 13,154 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,154 |
Installment loans to individuals | 27,153 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 27,191 |
Total | $ | 353,285 |  |  | $ | 490 |  |  | $ | 353,775 |

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 5 – Purchased Loans (continued)
Loans Purchased with Deteriorated Credit Quality
Loans purchased in business combinations that exhibited, at the date of acquisition, evidence of deterioration of the credit quality since origination, such that it was probable that all contractually required payments would not be collected, were as follows as of the dates presented:

| Total Purchased Credit Deteriorated Loans
December 31, 2016 |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 11,994 |
Lease financing | — |
Real estate – construction | 840 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 71,952 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 184,987 |
Installment loans to individuals | 1,985 |
Total | $ | 271,758 |
December 31, 2015 |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 16,489 |
Lease financing | — |
Real estate – construction | 2,749 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 91,649 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 222,610 |
Installment loans to individuals | 2,668 |
Total | $ | 336,165 |

The following table presents the fair value of loans determined to be impaired at the time of acquisition:

| Total Purchased Credit Deteriorated Loans
December 31, 2016 |
Contractually-required principal and interest | $ | 389,798 |
Nonaccretable difference(1) | (81,714 | )
Cash flows expected to be collected | 308,084 |
Accretable yield(2) | (36,326 | )
Fair value | $ | 271,758 |
December 31, 2015 |
Contractually-required principal and interest | $ | 467,777 |
Nonaccretable difference(1) | (83,320 | )
Cash flows expected to be collected | 384,457 |
Accretable yield(2) | (48,292 | )
Fair value | $ | 336,165 |

(1) | Represents contractual principal cash flows of $81,673 and $83,078, respectively, and interest cash flows of $41 and $241, respectively, not expected to be collected.

(2) | Represents contractual interest payments expected to be collected of $1,776 and $2,312, respectively, and purchase discounts of $34,550 and $45,980, respectively.

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 5 – Purchased Loans (continued)
Changes in the accretable yield of loans purchased with deteriorated credit quality were as follows:

| Total Purchased Credit Deteriorated Loans
Balance at January 1, 2015 | $ | (32,433 | )
Additions through acquisition | (28,046 | )
Reclasses from nonaccretable difference | (6,617 | )
Accretion | 17,212 |
Charge-off | 1,592 |
Balance at December 31, 2015 | $ | (48,292 | )
Additions through acquisition | (4,037 | )
Reclasses from nonaccretable difference | (950 | )
Accretion | 14,711 |
Charge-off | 2,242 |
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | (36,326 | )

The following table presents the fair value of loans purchased from KeyWorth as of the April 1, 2016 acquisition date.

At acquisition date: |  | April 1, 2016
Contractually-required principal and interest |  | $ | 289,495 |
Nonaccretable difference |  | 3,848 |
Cash flows expected to be collected |  | 285,647 |
Accretable yield |  | 13,317 |
Fair value |  | $ | 272,330 |

The following table provides the recorded investment in loans, net of unearned income, based on the Company’s impairment methodology as of the dates presented:

| Commercial |  | Real Estate - Construction |  | Real Estate - 1-4 Family Mortgage |  | Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage |  | Installment and Other(1) |  | Total
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 487 |  |  | $ | 145 |  |  | $ | 1,496 |  |  | $ | 2,275 |  |  | $ | 135 |  |  | $ | 4,538 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 115,719 |  |  | 67,768 |  |  | 378,999 |  |  | 636,496 |  |  | 13,859 |  |  | 1,212,841 |
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 11,994 |  |  | 840 |  |  | 71,952 |  |  | 184,987 |  |  | 1,985 |  |  | 271,758 |
Ending balance | $ | 128,200 |  |  | $ | 68,753 |  |  | $ | 452,447 |  |  | $ | 823,758 |  |  | $ | 15,979 |  |  | $ | 1,489,137 |
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 2,698 |  |  | $ | 655 |  |  | $ | 1,193 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 4,583 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 134,927 |  |  | 60,517 |  |  | 438,791 |  |  | 580,877 |  |  | 27,168 |  |  | 1,242,280 |
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 16,489 |  |  | 2,749 |  |  | 91,649 |  |  | 222,610 |  |  | 2,668 |  |  | 336,165 |
Ending balance | $ | 151,430 |  |  | $ | 65,964 |  |  | $ | 531,095 |  |  | $ | 804,680 |  |  | $ | 29,859 |  |  | $ | 1,583,028 |

(1) | Includes lease financing receivables.

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 6 – Allowance for Loan Losses
(In Thousands, Except Number of Loans)
The following is a summary of non purchased and purchased loans and leases at December 31:

| 2016 |  | 2015
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 717,490 |  |  | $ | 636,837 |
Lease financing | 49,250 |  |  | 35,978 |
Real estate – construction | 552,679 |  |  | 357,665 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 1,878,177 |  |  | 1,735,323 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 2,898,895 |  |  | 2,533,729 |
Installment loans to individuals | 108,627 |  |  | 115,093 |
Gross loans | 6,205,118 |  |  | 5,414,625 |
Unearned income | (2,409 | ) |  | (1,163 | )
Loans, net of unearned income | 6,202,709 |  |  | 5,413,462 |
Allowance for loan losses | (42,737 | ) |  | (42,437 | )
Net loans | $ | 6,159,972 |  |  | $ | 5,371,025 |

Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table provides a rollforward of the allowance for loan losses and a breakdown of the ending balance of the allowance based on the Company’s impairment methodology for the periods presented:

| Commercial |  | Real Estate - Construction |  | Real Estate - 1-4 Family Mortgage |  | Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage |  | Installment and Other(1) |  | Total
Year Ended December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 4,186 |  |  | $ | 1,852 |  |  | $ | 13,908 |  |  | $ | 21,111 |  |  | $ | 1,380 |  |  | $ | 42,437 |
Charge-offs | (2,725 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,906 | ) |  | (2,123 | ) |  | (717 | ) |  | (9,471 | )
Recoveries | 331 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 997 |  |  | 757 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 2,241 |
Net charge-offs | (2,394 | ) |  | 47 |  |  | (2,909 | ) |  | (1,366 | ) |  | (608 | ) |  | (7,230 | )
Provision for loan losses | 3,716 |  |  | 364 |  |  | 2,616 |  |  | (879 | ) |  | 787 |  |  | 6,604 |
Benefit attributable to FDIC loss share agreements | (61 | ) |  | — |  |  | (115 | ) |  | (48 | ) |  | (41 | ) |  | (265 | )
Recoveries payable to FDIC | 39 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 794 |  |  | 241 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,191 |
Provision for loan losses charged to operations | 3,694 |  |  | 481 |  |  | 3,295 |  |  | (686 | ) |  | 746 |  |  | 7,530 |
Ending balance | $ | 5,486 |  |  | $ | 2,380 |  |  | $ | 14,294 |  |  | $ | 19,059 |  |  | $ | 1,518 |  |  | $ | 42,737 |
Period-End Amount Allocated to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 446 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,134 |  |  | $ | 2,445 |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 4,141 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 4,668 |  |  | 2,379 |  |  | 12,319 |  |  | 15,008 |  |  | 1,402 |  |  | 35,776 |
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 372 |  |  | — |  |  | 841 |  |  | 1,606 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2,820 |
Ending balance | $ | 5,486 |  |  | $ | 2,380 |  |  | $ | 14,294 |  |  | $ | 19,059 |  |  | $ | 1,518 |  |  | $ | 42,737 |

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 6 – Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

| Commercial |  | Real Estate - Construction |  | Real Estate - 1-4 Family Mortgage |  | Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage |  | Installment and Other(1) |  | Total
Year Ended December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 3,305 |  |  | $ | 1,415 |  |  | $ | 13,549 |  |  | $ | 22,759 |  |  | $ | 1,261 |  |  | $ | 42,289 |
Charge-offs | (943 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | (2,173 | ) |  | (2,613 | ) |  | (1,021 | ) |  | (6,776 | )
Recoveries | 361 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 1,064 |  |  | 614 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 2,174 |
Net charge-offs | (582 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,109 | ) |  | (1,999 | ) |  | (912 | ) |  | (4,602 | )
Provision for loan losses | 1,489 |  |  | 435 |  |  | 650 |  |  | 312 |  |  | 1,027 |  |  | 3,913 |
Benefit attributable to FDIC loss share agreements | (64 | ) |  | — |  |  | (91 | ) |  | (717 | ) |  | — |  |  | (872 | )
Recoveries payable to FDIC | 38 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 909 |  |  | 756 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1,709 |
Provision for loan losses charged to operations | 1,463 |  |  | 437 |  |  | 1,468 |  |  | 351 |  |  | 1,031 |  |  | 4,750 |
Ending balance | $ | 4,186 |  |  | $ | 1,852 |  |  | $ | 13,908 |  |  | $ | 21,111 |  |  | $ | 1,380 |  |  | $ | 42,437 |
Period-End Amount Allocated to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 4,475 |  |  | $ | 3,099 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,600 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 3,827 |  |  | 1,832 |  |  | 9,177 |  |  | 16,916 |  |  | 1,379 |  |  | 33,131 |
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 353 |  |  | — |  |  | 256 |  |  | 1,096 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,706 |
Ending balance | $ | 4,186 |  |  | $ | 1,852 |  |  | $ | 13,908 |  |  | $ | 21,111 |  |  | $ | 1,380 |  |  | $ | 42,437 |
Year Ended December 31, 2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 3,090 |  |  | $ | 1,091 |  |  | $ | 18,629 |  |  | $ | 23,688 |  |  | $ | 1,167 |  |  | $ | 47,665 |
Charge-offs | (1,516 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,662 | ) |  | (6,186 | ) |  | (495 | ) |  | (13,859 | )
Recoveries | 455 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 1,325 |  |  | 436 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 2,316 |
Net charge-offs | (1,061 | ) |  | 33 |  |  | (4,337 | ) |  | (5,750 | ) |  | (428 | ) |  | (11,543 | )
Provision for loan losses | 1,297 |  |  | 290 |  |  | (452 | ) |  | 9,260 |  |  | 522 |  |  | 10,917 |
Benefit attributable to FDIC loss share agreements | (204 | ) |  | — |  |  | (816 | ) |  | (5,258 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6,278 | )
Recoveries payable to FDIC | 183 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 525 |  |  | 819 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,528 |
Provision for loan losses charged to operations | $ | 1,276 |  |  | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | (743 | ) |  | $ | 4,821 |  |  | $ | 522 |  |  | $ | 6,167 |
Ending balance | $ | 3,305 |  |  | $ | 1,415 |  |  | $ | 13,549 |  |  | $ | 22,759 |  |  | $ | 1,261 |  |  | $ | 42,289 |
Period-End Amount Allocated to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,786 |  |  | $ | 5,465 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,256 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 3,020 |  |  | 1,415 |  |  | 8,483 |  |  | 16,130 |  |  | 1,260 |  |  | 30,308 |
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 280 |  |  | — |  |  | 280 |  |  | 1,164 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,725 |
Ending balance | $ | 3,305 |  |  | $ | 1,415 |  |  | $ | 13,549 |  |  | $ | 22,759 |  |  | $ | 1,261 |  |  | $ | 42,289 |

(1) | Includes lease financing receivables.

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 6 – Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)
The following table provides the recorded investment in loans, net of unearned income, based on the Company’s impairment methodology as of the dates presented:

| Commercial |  | Real Estate - Construction |  | Real Estate - 1-4 Family Mortgage |  | Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage |  | Installment and Other(1) |  | Total
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 1,886 |  |  | $ | 662 |  |  | $ | 12,088 |  |  | $ | 13,079 |  |  | $ | 277 |  |  | $ | 27,992 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 703,610 |  |  | 551,177 |  |  | 1,794,137 |  |  | 2,700,829 |  |  | 153,206 |  |  | 5,902,959 |
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 11,994 |  |  | 840 |  |  | 71,952 |  |  | 184,987 |  |  | 1,985 |  |  | 271,758 |
Ending balance | $ | 717,490 |  |  | $ | 552,679 |  |  | $ | 1,878,177 |  |  | $ | 2,898,895 |  |  | $ | 155,468 |  |  | $ | 6,202,709 |
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 370 |  |  | $ | 2,698 |  |  | $ | 16,650 |  |  | $ | 16,819 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 36,627 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 619,978 |  |  | 352,218 |  |  | 1,627,024 |  |  | 2,294,300 |  |  | 147,150 |  |  | 5,040,670 |
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 16,489 |  |  | 2,749 |  |  | 91,649 |  |  | 222,610 |  |  | 2,668 |  |  | 336,165 |
Ending balance | $ | 636,837 |  |  | $ | 357,665 |  |  | $ | 1,735,323 |  |  | $ | 2,533,729 |  |  | $ | 149,908 |  |  | $ | 5,413,462 |

(1) | Includes lease financing receivables.

Note 7 – Premises and Equipment
(In Thousands)
Bank premises and equipment at December 31 are summarized as follows:

| 2016 |  | 2015
Premises | $ | 183,957 |  |  | $ | 170,624 |
Leasehold improvements | 7,862 |  |  | 7,207 |
Furniture and equipment | 42,166 |  |  | 38,003 |
Computer equipment | 13,548 |  |  | 15,230 |
Autos | 252 |  |  | 219 |
Total | 247,785 |  |  | 231,283 |
Accumulated depreciation | (68,562 | ) |  | (62,155 | )
Net | $ | 179,223 |  |  | $ | 169,128 |

Depreciation expense was $12,066, $8,689 and $6,613 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
The Company has operating leases which extend to 2028 for certain land and office locations. Leases that expire are generally expected to be renewed or replaced by other leases. Rental expense was $4,460, $3,688 and $2,909 for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The following is a summary of future minimum lease payments for years following December 31, 2016:

2017 | $ | 4,526 |
2018 | 4,145 |
2019 | 3,440 |
2020 | 2,801 |
2021 | 1,713 |
Thereafter | 5,634 |
Total | $ | 22,259 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 8 – Other Real Estate Owned
(In Thousands)
The following table provides details of the Company’s other real estate owned (“OREO”) purchased and non purchased, net of valuation allowances and direct write-downs, as of the dates presented:

| Purchased OREO |  | Non Purchased OREO |  | Total OREO
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate | $ | 2,230 |  |  | $ | 699 |  |  | $ | 2,929 |
Commercial real estate | 6,401 |  |  | 1,680 |  |  | 8,081 |
Residential land development | 2,344 |  |  | 1,688 |  |  | 4,032 |
Commercial land development | 6,395 |  |  | 1,862 |  |  | 8,257 |
Total | $ | 17,370 |  |  | $ | 5,929 |  |  | $ | 23,299 |
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate | $ | 2,707 |  |  | $ | 2,087 |  |  | $ | 4,794 |
Commercial real estate | 6,283 |  |  | 5,104 |  |  | 11,387 |
Residential land development | 1,717 |  |  | 2,879 |  |  | 4,596 |
Commercial land development | 11,709 |  |  | 2,916 |  |  | 14,625 |
Total | $ | 22,416 |  |  | $ | 12,986 |  |  | $ | 35,402 |

Changes in the Company’s purchased and non purchased OREO were as follows:

| Purchased OREO |  | Non Purchased OREO |  | Total OREO
Balance at December 31, 2014 | $ | 17,386 |  |  | $ | 17,086 |  |  | $ | 34,472 |
Purchased OREO | 9,972 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,972 |
Transfers of loans | 11,642 |  |  | 3,293 |  |  | 14,935 |
Impairments(1) | (1,033 | ) |  | (1,486 | ) |  | (2,519 | )
Dispositions | (15,551 | ) |  | (5,873 | ) |  | (21,424 | )
Other | — |  |  | (34 | ) |  | (34 | )
Balance at December 31, 2015 | $ | 22,416 |  |  | $ | 12,986 |  |  | $ | 35,402 |
Purchased OREO | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Transfers of loans | 7,935 |  |  | 935 |  |  | 8,870 |
Impairments(1) | (1,631 | ) |  | (1,484 | ) |  | (3,115 | )
Dispositions | (11,071 | ) |  | (6,458 | ) |  | (17,529 | )
Other | (279 | ) |  | (50 | ) |  | (329 | )
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 17,370 |  |  | $ | 5,929 |  |  | $ | 23,299 |

(1) | Of the total impairment charges of $2,519 recorded for OREO in 2015, $2,157 was included in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2015, while the remaining $362 increased the FDIC loss-share indemnification asset. Of the total impairment charges of $3,115 recorded for OREO in 2016, $3,018 was included in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2016, while the remaining $97 increased the FDIC loss share indemnification asset prior to the termination of the Company's loss share agreements effective December 8, 2016.

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 8 – Other Real Estate Owned (continued)
Components of the line item “Other real estate owned” in the Consolidated Statements of Income were as follows:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Repairs and maintenance | $ | 962 |  |  | $ | 840 |  |  | $ | 2,129 |
Property taxes and insurance | 1,374 |  |  | 809 |  |  | 372 |
Impairments | 3,018 |  |  | 2,157 |  |  | 2,434 |
Net (gains) losses on OREO sales | 590 |  |  | (582 | ) |  | (151 | )
Rental income | (248 | ) |  | (179 | ) |  | (191 | )
Total | $ | 5,696 |  |  | $ | 3,045 |  |  | $ | 4,593 |

Note 9 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
(In Thousands)
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

| Community Banks |  | Insurance |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2014 | $ | 271,939 |  |  | $ | 2,767 |  |  | $ | 274,706 |
Addition to goodwill from Heritage acquisition | 171,182 |  |  | — |  |  | 171,182 |
Adjustment to previously recorded goodwill | (17 | ) |  | — |  |  | (17 | )
Balance at December 31, 2015 | $ | 443,104 |  |  | $ | 2,767 |  |  | $ | 445,871 |
Addition to goodwill from KeyWorth acquisition | 20,633 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,633 |
Adjustment to previously recorded goodwill | 4,030 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,030 |
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 467,767 |  |  | $ | 2,767 |  |  | $ | 470,534 |

The addition to goodwill in 2016 from the KeyWorth acquisition and in 2015 from the Heritage acquisition represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction. The Company is finalizing the fair values of property and equipment related to the KeyWorth acquisition; as such, the recorded balance of goodwill is subject to change. The adjustment to previously recorded goodwill is due to valuation adjustments on property and equipment as well as certain loans acquired from Heritage. The adjustment to previously recorded goodwill in 2015 reflects tax benefits associated with the exercise of stock options assumed in connection with prior acquisitions.
The following table provides a summary of finite-lived intangible assets as of the dates presented:

| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |
Core deposit intangible | $ | 47,992 |  |  | $ | (25,188 | ) |  | $ | 22,804 |
Customer relationship intangible | 1,970 |  |  | (700 | ) |  | 1,270 |
Total finite-lived intangible assets | $ | 49,962 |  |  | $ | (25,888 | ) |  | $ | 24,074 |
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |
Core deposit intangible | $ | 45,982 |  |  | $ | (18,572 | ) |  | $ | 27,410 |
Customer relationship intangible | 1,970 |  |  | (569 | ) |  | 1,401 |
Total finite-lived intangible assets | $ | 47,952 |  |  | $ | (19,141 | ) |  | $ | 28,811 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 9 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (continued)
Core deposit intangible amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $6,616, $5,938 and $5,475, respectively. Customer relationship intangible amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $131 each year. The estimated amortization expense of finite-lived intangible assets for the five succeeding fiscal years is summarized as follows:

| Core Deposit Intangibles |  | Customer Relationship Intangible |  | Total
2017 | $ | 5,723 |  |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 5,854 |
2018 | 4,881 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 5,012 |
2019 | 4,101 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 4,232 |
2020 | 3,213 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 3,344 |
2021 | 2,273 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 2,404 |

Note 10 – Mortgage Servicing Rights
(In Thousands)
Changes in the Company’s mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) were as follows:

Carrying value at January 1, 2015 | $ | 11,662 |
Additions through acquisition | 10,429 |
Capitalization | 10,793 |
Amortization | (3,242 | )
Carrying value at December 31, 2015 | $ | 29,642 |
Sale of MSRs | (18,477 | )
Capitalization | 18,061 |
Amortization | (2,884 | )
Impairment | (40 | )
Carrying value at December 31, 2016 | $ | 26,302 |

In 2016, the Company sold MSRs relating to mortgage loans having an aggregate unpaid principal balance totaling $1,830,444 to a third party for net proceeds of $18,508. There were no sales of MSRs in 2015 and 2014.
Data and key economic assumptions related to the Company’s mortgage servicing rights as of December 31 are as follows:

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Unpaid principal balance | $ | 2,763,344 |  |  | $ | 3,090,839 |  |  | $ | 1,178,390 |
Weighted-average prepayment speed (CPR) | 7.34 | % |  | 8.89 | % |  | 8.25 | %
Estimated impact of a 10% increase | $ | (1,034 | ) |  | $ | (1,203 | ) |  | $ | (1,038 | )
Estimated impact of a 20% increase | (2,010 | ) |  | (2,330 | ) |  | (1,441 | )
Discount rate | 9.64 | % |  | 9.51 | % |  | 10.76 | %
Estimated impact of a 100bp increase | $ | (1,368 | ) |  | $ | (1,357 | ) |  | $ | (1,010 | )
Estimated impact of a 200bp increase | (2,629 | ) |  | (2,612 | ) |  | (1,378 | )
Weighted-average coupon interest rate | 3.83 | % |  | 3.97 | % |  | 3.84 | %
Weighted-average servicing fee (basis points) | 25.87 |  |  | 25.04 |  |  | 25.04 |
Weighted-average remaining maturity (in years) | 11.11 |  |  | 15.23 |  |  | 24.41 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 10 – Mortgage Servicing Rights (continued)
The Company recorded servicing fees of $3,212, $3,369 and $1,805, respectively, for each of the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. These fees are included under the line item “Mortgage banking income” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Note 11 – Deposits
(In Thousands)
The following is a summary of deposits as of December 31:

| 2016 |  | 2015
Noninterest-bearing deposits | $ | 1,561,357 |  |  | $ | 1,278,337 |
Interest-bearing demand deposits | 3,333,896 |  |  | 2,945,438 |
Savings deposits | 543,131 |  |  | 499,536 |
Time deposits | 1,620,753 |  |  | 1,495,291 |
Total deposits | $ | 7,059,137 |  |  | $ | 6,218,602 |

The approximate scheduled maturities of time deposits at December 31, 2016 are as follows:

2017 | $ | 734,286 |
2018 | 388,825 |
2019 | 326,032 |
2020 | 114,157 |
2021 | 45,278 |
Thereafter | 12,175 |
Total | $ | 1,620,753 |

The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations of $250 or more at December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $313,409 and $222,419, respectively. Certain executive officers and directors had amounts on deposit with Renasant Bank of approximately$28,107 and $16,576 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Note 12 – Short-Term Borrowings
(In Thousands)
Short-term borrowings as of December 31 are summarized as follows:

| 2016 |  | 2015
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | $ | 9,676 |  |  | $ | 22,279 |
Federal Home Loan Bank short-term advances | 100,000 |  |  | 400,000 |
Total short-term borrowings | $ | 109,676 |  |  | $ | 422,279 |

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”) represent funds received from customers, generally on an overnight or continuous basis, which are collateralized by investment securities owned or, at times, borrowed and re-hypothecated by the Company. The securities used as collateral consist primarily of U.S. Government agency mortgage-backed securities, U.S. Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations, obligations of U.S. Government agencies, and obligations of states and political subdivisions. All securities are maintained by the Company’s safekeeping agents. These securities are reviewed by the Company on a daily basis, and the Company may be required to provide additional collateral due to changes in the fair market value of these securities. The terms of the Company’s repurchase agreements are continuous but may be cancelled at any time by the Company or the customer.
The Federal Home Loan Bank short-term advances are comprised of borrowings with original maturities of less than one year.
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 12 – Short-Term Borrowings (continued)
The average balances and cost of funds of short-term borrowings for the years ending December 31 are summarized as follows:

| Average Balances |  | Cost of Funds
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Federal Home Loan Bank short-term advances | $ | 344,724 |  |  | $ | 207,575 |  |  | $ | 17,899 |  |  | 0.46 | % |  | 0.18 | % |  | 0.17 | %
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 12,205 |  |  | 15,515 |  |  | 4,334 |  |  | 0.20 |  |  | 0.21 |  |  | 0.15 |
Total short-term borrowings | $ | 356,929 |  |  | $ | 223,090 |  |  | $ | 22,233 |  |  | 0.45 | % |  | 0.18 | % |  | 0.17 | %

The Company maintains lines of credit with correspondent banks totaling $75,000 at December 31, 2016. Interest is charged at the market federal funds rate on all advances. There were no amounts outstanding under these lines of credit at December 31, 2016 or 2015.
Note 13 – Long-Term Debt
(In Thousands)
Long-term debt as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 is summarized as follows:

| 2016 |  | 2015
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | $ | 8,542 |  |  | $ | 52,930 |
Other long-term debt | 147 |  |  | 192 |
Junior subordinated debentures | 95,643 |  |  | 95,095 |
Subordinated notes | 98,127 |  |  | — |
Total long-term debt | $ | 202,459 |  |  | $ | 148,217 |

Federal Home Loan Bank advances
Long-term advances from the FHLB outstanding at December 31, 2016 had maturities ranging from 2018 to 2039 with a combination of fixed and floating rates ranging from 1.09% to 6.46%. Weighted-average interest rates on outstanding advances at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were 3.47% and 4.06%, respectively. These advances are collateralized by a blanket lien on the Company’s loans. The Company had availability on unused lines of credit with the FHLB of $2,633,543 at December 31, 2016.
In connection with the prepayment of $42,369 in long-term advances from the FHLB during 2016, the Company incurred penalty charges of $2,539, which is recorded in other non interest expense on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The Company did not prepay any outstanding long-term advances from the FHLB during 2015 or 2014.
Junior subordinated debentures
The Company owns the outstanding common securities of business trusts that issued corporation-obligated mandatorily redeemable preferred capital securities to third-party investors. The trusts used the proceeds from the issuance of their preferred capital securities and common securities (collectively referred to as “capital securities”) to buy floating rate junior subordinated debentures issued by the Company (or by companies that the Company subsequently acquired). The debentures are the trusts’ only assets and interest payments from the debentures finance the distributions paid on the capital securities. Distributions on the capital securities are payable quarterly at a rate per annum equal to the interest rate being earned by the trusts on the debentures held by the trusts. The capital securities are subject to mandatory redemption, in whole or in part, upon repayment of the debentures. The Company has entered into an agreement which fully and unconditionally guarantees the capital securities subject to the terms of the guarantee.
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 13 – Long-Term Debt (continued)
The following table provides details on the debentures as of December 31, 2016:

| Principal Amount |  | Interest Rate |  | Year of Maturity |  | Amount Included in Tier 1 Capital
PHC Statutory Trust I | $ | 20,619 |  |  | 3.84 | % |  | 2033 |  | $ | 20,000 |
PHC Statutory Trust II | 31,959 |  |  | 2.83 |  |  | 2035 |  | 31,000 |
Heritage Financial Statutory Trust I | 10,310 |  |  | 10.20 |  |  | 2031 |  | 10,000 |
Capital Bancorp Capital Trust I | 12,372 |  |  | 2.50 |  |  | 2035 |  | 12,000 |
First M&F Statutory Trust I | 30,928 |  |  | 2.29 |  |  | 2036 |  | 19,455 |

During 2003, the Company formed PHC Statutory Trust I to provide funds for the cash portion of the Renasant Bancshares, Inc. acquisition. The interest rate for PHC Statutory Trust I reprices quarterly equal to the three-month LIBOR at the determination date plus 285 basis points. In April 2012, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement effective March 17, 2014, pursuant to which the Company receives a variable rate of interest based on the three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 2.85% and pays a fixed rate of interest of 5.49%. The debentures owned by PHC Statutory Trust I are currently redeemable at par.
During 2005, the Company formed PHC Statutory Trust II to provide funds for the cash portion of the Heritage Financial Holding Corporation (“HFHC”) acquisition. The interest rate for PHC Statutory Trust II reprices quarterly equal to the three-month LIBOR at the determination date plus 187 basis points. The debentures owned by PHC Statutory Trust II are currently redeemable at par.
In connection with the acquisition of HFHC, the Company assumed the debentures issued by Heritage Financial Statutory Trust I. The premium associated with the Company’s assumption of the debentures issued by Heritage Financial Statutory Trust I was fully amortized as of February 2015. The interest rate for Heritage Financial Statutory Trust I is fixed at 10.20% per annum. On or after February 22, 2021, the debentures owned by Heritage Financial Statutory Trust I may be redeemed at par. On February 22, 2017, the Company redeemed this debenture, incurring a prepayment penalty. See Note 27, “Subsequent Events,” for further information regarding this redemption.
In connection with the acquisition of Capital Bancorp, Inc. (“Capital”) in 2007, the Company assumed the debentures issued to Capital Bancorp Capital Trust I. The discount associated with the Company’s assumption of the debentures issued to Capital Bancorp Capital Trust I was fully amortized during 2010. The interest rate for Capital Bancorp Capital Trust I reprices quarterly equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 150 basis points. In March 2012, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement effective March 31, 2014, whereby the Company receives a variable rate of interest based on the three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 1.50% and pays a fixed rate of interest of 4.42%. The debentures owned by Capital Bancorp Capital Trust I are currently redeemable at par.
In connection with the acquisition of First M&F, the Company assumed the debentures issued to First M&F Statutory Trust I. The discount associated with the Company’s assumption of the debentures issued to First M&F Statutory Trust I had a carrying value of $10,545 at December 31, 2016 and $11,093 at December 31, 2015. The discount is being amortized through March 2036. The interest for First M&F Statutory Trust I reprices quarterly equal to the three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 133 basis points. The Company also assumed from First M&F a pay-fixed, receive-floating interest rate swap, maturing on March 15, 2018, which calls for the Company to pay a fixed rate of 3.795% and receive a variable rate of three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 133 basis points on a quarterly basis. The debentures owned by First M&F Statutory Trust I are currently redeemable at par.
The Company has classified $92,455 of the debentures described in the above paragraphs as Tier 1 capital. The Federal Reserve Board issued guidance in March 2005 providing more strict quantitative limits on the amount of securities, similar to the junior subordinated debentures issued or assumed by the Company, that are includable in Tier 1 capital. The new guidance, which became effective in March 2009, did not impact the amount of debentures the Company includes in Tier 1 capital. Furthermore, the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act have no effect on the treatment of these debentures as Tier 1 capital.
For more information about the Company’s derivative financial instruments, see Note 15, “Derivative Instruments.”
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 13 – Long-Term Debt (continued)
Subordinated notes
On August 22, 2016, the Company issued and sold in an underwritten public offering $60,000 aggregate principal amount of its 5.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”) and $40,000 aggregate principal amount of its 5.50% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2031 (the “2031 Notes”; the 2026 Notes and the 2031 Notes are referred to collectively as the “Notes”), at a public offering price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amounts of the Notes. The net proceeds from the sale of the Notes to the Company were approximately $98,167, after giving effect to the underwriting discount of 1.50% and expenses of the offering of the Notes.
The 2026 Notes will mature on September 1, 2026. Until but excluding September 1, 2021, the Company will pay interest on the 2026 Notes semi-annually in arrears on each March 1 and September 1, commencing March 1, 2017, at a fixed annual interest rate equal to 5.00%. From and including September 1, 2021 to but excluding the maturity date or the date of earlier redemption, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an annual interest rate equal to the then-current three-month LIBOR rate plus a spread of 384 basis points, payable quarterly in arrears on each March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that three-month LIBOR is less than zero, three-month LIBOR shall be deemed to be zero. The Company may, beginning with the interest payment date of September 1, 2021 and on any interest payment date thereafter, redeem the 2026 Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to but excluding the date of redemption.
The 2031 Notes will mature on September 1, 2031. Until but excluding September 1, 2026, the Company will pay interest on the 2031 Notes semi-annually in arrears on each March 1 and September 1, commencing March 1, 2017, at a fixed annual interest rate equal to 5.50%. From and including September 1, 2026 to but excluding the maturity date or the date of earlier redemption, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an annual interest rate equal to the then-current three-month LIBOR rate plus a spread of 407.1 basis points, payable quarterly in arrears on each March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that three-month LIBOR is less than zero, three-month LIBOR shall be deemed to be zero. The Company may, beginning with the interest payment date of September 1, 2026 and on any interest payment date thereafter, redeem the 2031 Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2031 Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to but excluding the date of redemption.
The Company may also redeem the 2026 Notes and the 2031 Notes at any time, at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, if: (i) a change or prospective change in law occurs that could prevent the Company from deducting interest payable on the 2026 Notes or the 2031 Notes, as applicable, for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) a subsequent event occurs that could preclude the 2026 Notes or the 2031 Notes, as applicable, from being recognized as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes; or (iii) the Company is required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended; in each case, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes being redeemed plus any accrued and unpaid interest to but excluding the redemption date. There is no sinking fund for the benefit of the 2026 Notes or 2031 Notes, and neither the 2026 Notes nor the 2031 Notes are convertible or exchangeable.
The aggregate stated maturities of long-term debt outstanding at December 31, 2016, are summarized as follows:

2017 | $ | — |
2018 | 326 |
2019 | 147 |
2020 | 615 |
2021 | — |
Thereafter | 201,371 |
Total | $ | 202,459 |

Note 14 – Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation Plans
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
The Company sponsors a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan, under which participation and future benefit accruals ceased as of December 31, 1996. The Company’s funding policy is to contribute annually to the plan an amount at least equal to the minimum amount determined by consulting actuaries in accordance with the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. No contributions were made to the pension plan in 2016 or 2015. The Company does not anticipate that a contribution will be required in 2017. The plan’s accumulated benefit obligation and respective projected benefit obligation are
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 14 – Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation Plans (continued)
substantially the same since benefit accruals under the plan have ceased. The accumulated benefit obligation for the plan was $28,012 and $27,856 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. There is no additional minimum pension liability required to be recognized.
In connection with the acquisition of Heritage in 2015, the Company assumed the defined benefit pension plan maintained by HeritageBank, under which accruals had ceased and which had been terminated by HeritageBank immediately prior to the acquisition date. Final distribution of all benefits under the plan was completed in August 2016.
The Company also provides retiree health care benefits for certain employees who were employed by the Company and enrolled in the Company’s health plan as of December 31, 2004. To receive benefits, an eligible employee must retire from service with the Company and its affiliates between age 55 and 65 and be credited with at least 15 years of service or with 70 points, determined as the sum of age and service at retirement. The Company periodically determines the portion of the premium to be paid by each eligible retiree and the portion to be paid by the Company. Coverage ceases when an employee attains age 65 and is eligible for Medicare. The Company also provides life insurance coverage for each retiree in the face amount of $5 until age 70. Retirees can purchase additional insurance or continue coverage beyond age 70 at their sole expense. The Company contributed $152 and $278 to the plan in 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company expects to contribute approximately $247 in 2017.
The Company has accounted for its obligation related to these retiree benefits in accordance with ASC 715, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits.” The assumed rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered benefits (i.e., health care cost trend rate) for the next year is 5.9%. Increasing or decreasing the assumed health care cost trend rates by one percentage point in each year would not materially increase or decrease the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation or the service and interest cost components of net periodic post-retirement benefit costs as of December 31, 2016, and for the year then ended.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 14 – Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation Plans (continued)
Information relating to the legacy Renasant defined benefit pension plan (“Pension Benefits - Renasant”), the assumed HeritageBank defined benefit pension plan (“Pension Benefits - HeritageBank”) and post-retirement health and life plan (“Other Benefits”) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

| Pension Benefits Renasant |  | Pension Benefits HeritageBank |  | Other Benefits
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Change in benefit obligation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefit obligation at beginning of year | $ | 27,856 |  |  | $ | 28,087 |  |  | $ | 12,913 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,704 |  |  | $ | 1,941 |
Service cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 17 |
Interest cost | 1,216 |  |  | 1,095 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 305 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 60 |
Plan participants’ contributions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |  |  | 82 |
Actuarial loss (gain) | (115 | ) |  | 605 |  |  | (481 | ) |  | (685 | ) |  | (56 | ) |  | (37 | )
Benefits paid | (2,018 | ) |  | (1,931 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (228 | ) |  | (359 | )
Settlements(1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,509 | ) |  | (2,187 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Transfer from HeritageBank Pension Plan | 1,073 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,073 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Addition from business combination | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,495 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Benefit obligation at end of year | $ | 28,012 |  |  | $ | 27,856 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,913 |  |  | $ | 1,566 |  |  | $ | 1,704 |
Change in fair value of plan assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | $ | 24,434 |  |  | $ | 26,532 |  |  | $ | 12,458 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Actual return on plan assets | 1,752 |  |  | (167 | ) |  | 29 |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  |  |
Contribution by employer | — |  |  | — |  |  | 142 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Benefits paid | (2,018 | ) |  | (1,931 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  |  |  |
Settlements | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,509 | ) |  | (2,187 | ) |  |  |  |
Expenses paid from plan trust | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25 | ) |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Transfer from HeritageBank Pension Plan | 1,073 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,073 | ) |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Addition from business combination | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,681 |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets at end of year | $ | 25,241 |  |  | $ | 24,434 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,458 |  |  |  |  |
Funded status at end of year | $ | (2,771 | ) |  | $ | (3,422 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (455 | ) |  | $ | (1,566 | ) |  | $ | (1,704 | )
Weighted-average assumptions as of December 31 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate used to determine the benefit obligation | 4.35 | % |  | 4.56 | % |  | — | % |  | 4.27 | % |  | 3.57 | % |  | 3.63 | %

(1) | Settlements from the HeritageBank defined benefit pension plan represent the lump sum payments made to participants upon final distribution of benefits as a result of the plan's termination.

The discount rate assumptions at December 31, 2016 were determined using a yield curve approach. A yield curve was developed for a selection of high quality fixed-income investments whose cash flows approximate the timing and amount of expected cash flows from the benefit plans. The selected discount rate is the rate that produces the same present value of the benefit plan’s projected benefit payments.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 14 – Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation Plans (continued)
The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income for the defined benefit pension and post-retirement health and life plans for the year ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:

| Pension Benefits Renasant |  | Pension Benefits HeritageBank(1) |  | Other Benefits
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 14 |
Interest cost | 1,216 |  |  | 1,095 |  |  | 1,292 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 305 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 84 |
Expected return on plan assets | (1,872 | ) |  | (2,040 | ) |  | (2,160 | ) |  | (113 | ) |  | (216 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Prior service cost recognized | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Recognized actuarial loss | 404 |  |  | 331 |  |  | 207 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 89 |
Settlement/curtailment/termination losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | 453 |  |  | (780 | ) |  | (65 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit cost | (252 | ) |  | (614 | ) |  | (208 | ) |  | (721 | ) |  | 24 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 187 |
Net actuarial loss/(gain) arising during the period | 5 |  |  | 2,812 |  |  | 3,047 |  |  | (397 | ) |  | (448 | ) |  | (56 | ) |  | (37 | ) |  | (118 | )
Net Settlement/curtailment/termination losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | (453 | ) |  | 780 |  |  | 65 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of net actuarial loss recognized in net periodic pension cost | (404 | ) |  | (331 | ) |  | (207 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (76 | ) |  | (101 | ) |  | (89 | )
Total recognized in other comprehensive income | (399 | ) |  | 2,481 |  |  | 2,387 |  |  | 383 |  |  | (383 | ) |  | (132 | ) |  | (138 | ) |  | (207 | )
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive income | $ | (651 | ) |  | $ | 1,867 |  |  | $ | 2,179 |  |  | $ | (338 | ) |  | $ | (359 | ) |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | (20 | )
Weighted-average assumptions as of December 31 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate used to determine net periodic pension cost | 4.56 | % |  | 4.00 | % |  | 4.83 | % |  | 4.27 | % |  | 4.00 | % |  | 3.63 | % |  | 3.22 | % |  | 4.66 | %
Expected return on plan assets | 8.00 | % |  | 8.00 | % |  | 8.00 | % |  | 3.00 | % |  | 3.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |

(1) Net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income for the assumed HeritageBank defined benefit pension plan were recognized in the Company’s results of operations beginning on the date of acquisition; therefore, disclosure of amounts recognized in prior periods is not necessary.
Future estimated benefit payments under the Renasant defined benefit pension plan and post-retirement health and life plan are as follows:

| Pension Benefits Renasant |  | Other Benefits
2017 | $ | 2,050 |  |  | $ | 247 |
2018 | 2,073 |  |  | 241 |
2019 | 2,080 |  |  | 203 |
2020 | 2,080 |  |  | 184 |
2021 | 2,084 |  |  | 180 |
2022 - 2026 | 9,983 |  |  | 616 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 14 – Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation Plans (continued)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, before tax, for the year ended December 31, 2016 are as follows:

| Pension Benefits Renasant |  | Other Benefits
Prior service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Actuarial loss | 11,515 |  |  | 418 |
Total | $ | 11,515 |  |  | $ | 418 |

The estimated costs that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year are as follows:

| Pension Benefits Renasant |  | Other Benefits
Prior service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Actuarial loss | 400 |  |  | 50 |
Total | $ | 400 |  |  | $ | 50 |

The investment objective for the Renasant defined benefit pension plan is to achieve above average income and moderate long term growth. An investment committee appointed by management seeks to accomplish this objective by combining an equity income strategy (approximately 65% to 75%), which generally invests in larger capitalization common stocks, and an intermediate fixed income strategy (approximately 25% to 35%), which generally invests in U.S. Government securities and investment grade corporate bonds. In response to the current interest rate environment, the committee has begun allocating assets to the higher end of the target range for equity funds in order to lessen the impact of anticipated rising interest rates on the fixed income funds. It is the investment committee’s intent to give the investment managers flexibility within the overall guidelines with respect to investment decisions and their timing. However, significant modifications of any previously approved investments or anticipated use of derivatives to execute investment strategies must be approved by the committee.
The plan’s expected long-term rate of return was estimated using market benchmarks for investment classes applied to the plan’s target asset allocation. The expected return on investment classes was computed using a valuation methodology which projected future returns based on current equity valuations rather than historical returns.
The fair values of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan assets by category at December 31, 2016 and 2015 follow below. Corporate stocks consist primarily of common stocks of both U.S. companies and international companies that are traded in active markets and are valued based on quoted market prices of identical assets (Level 1). The Company's investments in registered investment companies consist primarily of investments in funds that invest in investment grade fixed income securities. These investments are traded in active markets and are valued based on quoted market prices of identical assets (Level 1). Fixed income securities consist of U.S. Government securities, investment grade corporate debt, and foreign and municipal obligations. The fair values of these instruments are based on quoted market prices of similar instruments or a discounted cash flow model (Level 2).

| Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Totals
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,639 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,639 |
U.S. government securities | — |  |  | 2,270 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,270 |
Corporate debt | — |  |  | 1,991 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,991 |
Corporate stocks | 17,823 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,823 |
Investments in registered investment companies | 871 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 871 |
Foreign obligations | — |  |  | 647 |  |  | — |  |  | 647 |
Municipal obligations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 20,333 |  |  | $ | 4,908 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,241 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 14 – Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation Plans (continued)

| Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Totals
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 13,927 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,927 |
U.S. government securities | — |  |  | 1,883 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,883 |
Corporate debt | — |  |  | 2,442 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,442 |
Corporate stocks | 17,383 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,383 |
Investments in registered investment companies | 848 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 848 |
Foreign obligations | — |  |  | 308 |  |  | — |  |  | 308 |
Municipal obligations | — |  |  | 101 |  |  | — |  |  | 101 |
| $ | 32,158 |  |  | $ | 4,734 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36,892 |

The Company maintains a 401(k) plan, which is a contributory plan. Employees may contribute pre-tax earnings, subject to a maximum established annually by the IRS. The Company matches employee deferrals, up to 4% of compensation. The Company also makes a nondiscretionary contribution for each eligible employee in an amount equal to 5% of plan compensation and 5% of plan compensation in excess of the Social Security wage base. Employees are automatically enrolled in the plan when employment commences. Company contributions are allocated to participants who are employed on the last day of each plan year and credited with 1000 hours of service during the year. The Company’s costs related to the 401(k) plan, excluding employee deferrals, in 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $10,762, $9,271 and $7,230, respectively.
In connection with the Heritage acquisition, the Company assumed the HeritageBank of the South 401(k) Plan maintained by HeritageBank, under which all accruals had ceased and which had been terminated by HeritageBank immediately prior to the acquisition date. Similarly, in connection with the KeyWorth acquisition, the Company assumed the KeyWorth Bank 401(k) Plan maintained by KeyWorth, under which all accruals had ceased and which had been terminated by KeyWorth immediately prior to the acquisition date. Distribution of benefits under each of these plans made solely on account of their termination was completed in June of 2016. There was no impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016 or 2015 associated with these plans.
Under the Company's “Performance Based Rewards” incentive compensation plan, annual cash bonuses are paid to eligible officers and employees, subject to the attainment of designated performance criteria. The Company designates minimum levels of performance for all applicable profit centers and rewards employees on performance over the minimum level. The expense associated with the plan for 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $2,307, $3,608 and $4,100, respectively.
The Company maintains three deferred compensation plans: a Deferred Stock Unit Plan and two conventional deferred compensation plans. Nonemployee directors may defer all or any portion of their fees and retainer to the Deferred Stock Unit Plan or the deferred compensation plan maintained for their benefit. Officers may defer base salary and bonus to the Deferred Stock Unit Plan or salary to the deferred compensation plan maintained for their benefit, subject to limits that are determined annually by the Company. Amounts credited to the Deferred Stock Unit Plan are invested in units representing shares of the Company’s common stock. Amounts credited to the conventional deferred compensation plans are invested at the discretion of each participant from among designated investment alternatives. Directors and officers who participated in these deferred compensation plans on or before December 31, 2006, may invest in a preferential interest rate investment that is derived from the Moody’s Average Corporate Bond Rate, adjusted monthly, and the beneficiaries of participants in the deferred compensation plans as of such date may receive a preretirement death benefit in excess of the amounts credited to plan accounts at the time of death. All of the Company’s deferred compensation plans are unfunded. It is anticipated that the two conventional deferred compensation plans will result in no additional cost to the Company because life insurance policies on the lives of the participants have been purchased in amounts estimated to be sufficient to pay plan benefits. The Company is both the owner and beneficiary of the life insurance policies. The expense recorded in 2016, 2015 and 2014 for the Company’s deferred compensation plans, inclusive of deferrals, was $1,537, $1,225 and $1,383, respectively.
In connection with the Heritage acquisition, the Company assumed the Heritage Financial Group Deferred Compensation and Excess/Matching Contribution Plan maintained by Heritage, under which all accruals had ceased and which had been terminated by Heritage immediately prior to the acquisition date. The distribution of accrued account balances was effected as soon as practicable following the acquisition date. There was no other impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016 or 2015 associated with this plan.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 14 – Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation Plans (continued)
The Company assumed four supplemental executive retirement plans (SERPs) in connection with the acquisition of Capital in 2007. The SERPs were established by Capital to provide supplemental retirement benefits. The plans provide four officers of the Company specified annual benefits based upon a projected retirement date. These benefits are payable for a 15-year period after retirement. The supplemental executive retirement liabilities totaled $3,543 and $3,364 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The plans are not qualified under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code.
In connection with the KeyWorth acquisition, the Company assumed four SERPs which were established by KeyWorth to provide supplemental retirement benefits to certain executive officers, under which all accruals had ceased and which had been terminated by KeyWorth immediately prior to the acquisition date. The distribution of accrued account balances was effected as soon as practicable following the acquisition date. There was no other impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016.
In connection with the Heritage acquisition, the Company assumed the Heritage Financial Group Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“the Heritage ESOP”) maintained by Heritage, under which all accruals had ceased and which had been terminated by Heritage immediately prior to the acquisition date. As of the date of acquisition, the Heritage ESOP had a loan outstanding, inclusive of accrued interest, of $2,839 due to Heritage which was assumed by the Company. In 2015, unallocated shares of Company common stock pledged as collateral for the loan were sold in order to repay the loan in full, including any accrued interest. Any unallocated shares of Company common stock that remained after the repayment of the loan were allocated to the accounts of the participants. Distribution of benefits under the Heritage ESOP made solely on account of its termination was completed in June of 2016. Other than the transactions recorded in connection with the loan repayment in 2015, there was no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016 or 2015 associated with this plan.
In March 2011, the Company adopted a long-term equity incentive plan, which provides for the grant of stock options and the award of restricted stock. The plan replaced the long-term incentive plan adopted in 2001, which expired in October 2011. The Company issues shares of treasury stock to satisfy stock options exercised or restricted stock granted under the plan. Options granted under the plan allow participants to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock at a fixed exercise price and expire ten years after the grant date. Options vest and become exercisable in installments over a three-year period measured from the grant date. Options that have not vested are forfeited and cancelled upon the termination of a participant’s employment. There were no stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 or 2014. The Company recorded compensation expense of $73 and $262 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, for options granted under the plan. There was no compensation expense associated with options recorded for the year ended December 31, 2016.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 14 – Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation Plans (continued)
The following table summarizes information about options issued under the long-term equity incentive plan as of and for the three years ended December 31, 2016:

| Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2014 | 1,060,348 |  |  | $ | 18.64 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (227,499 | ) |  | 18.39 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | (1,899 | ) |  | 20.77 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2014 | 830,950 |  |  | $ | 18.70 |  |  | 4.48 |  | $ | 8,680 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2014 | 745,949 |  |  | $ | 18.95 |  |  | 4.15 |  | $ | 7,628 |
Granted | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (201,371 | ) |  | 20.82 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | (8,133 | ) |  | 29.45 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2015 | 621,446 |  |  | $ | 17.88 |  |  | 3.91 |  | $ | 10,274 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2015 | 606,027 |  |  | $ | 17.85 |  |  | 3.83 |  | $ | 10,038 |
Granted | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (435,177 | ) |  | 18.67 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | (644 | ) |  | 29.67 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2016 | 185,625 |  |  | $ | 15.97 |  |  | 3.91 |  | $ | 4,872 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2016 | 185,625 |  |  | $ | 15.97 |  |  | 3.91 |  | $ | 4,872 |

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $8,323, $2,445 and $2,519, respectively. The total grant date fair value of options vested during the same periods was $78, $235, and $458, respectively.
The Company awards performance-based restricted stock to executives and other officers and time-based restricted stock to directors, executives and other officers and employees under the long-term equity incentive plan. The performance-based restricted stock vests upon completion of a one-year service period and the attainment of certain performance goals. Target performance levels are derived from the Company's budget, with threshold performance set at approximately 5% below target and superior performance set at approximately 5% above target. Performance-based restricted stock is granted at the target level; the number of shares ultimately awarded is determined at the end of each year and may be increased or decreased depending upon the Company meeting or exceeding the financial performance measures defined by the Board of Directors. Time-based restricted stock vests at the end of the service period defined in the respective grant. The fair value of each restricted stock grant is the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the day immediately preceding the grant date. The Company recorded compensation expense of $3,117, $3,884 and $3,647 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, for restricted stock awarded under the plan. The following table summarizes the changes in restricted stock as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016:

| Performance- Based Restricted Stock(1) |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value |  | Time- Based Restricted Stock |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested at beginning of year | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 105,438 |  |  | $ | 31.04 |
Granted | 61,700 |  |  | 31.12 |  |  | 52,005 |  |  | 31.74 |
Vested | (52,045 | ) |  | 31.12 |  |  | (21,138 | ) |  | 27.53 |
Cancelled | (9,655 | ) |  | 31.12 |  |  | (18,960 | ) |  | 32.40 |
Nonvested at end of year | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 117,345 |  |  | $ | 31.76 |

(1) In January 2016, the Company awarded 61,700 shares of performance-based restricted stock based on the target level of performance goals. The Company's year-end results were between the threshold and target performance levels; therefore, 9,655 shares were cancelled for a total award of 52,045 shares.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 14 – Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation Plans (continued)
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock totaled $1,129 at December 31, 2016. At such date, the weighted average period over which this unrecognized expense is expected to be recognized was approximately 1.45 years. There was no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options at December 31, 2016.
At December 31, 2016, an aggregate of 2,072,583 shares of Company common stock were reserved for issuance under the Company’s employee benefit plans.
Note 15 – Derivative Instruments
(In Thousands)
The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments, including interest rate contracts such as swaps, caps and/or floors, as part of its ongoing efforts to mitigate its interest rate risk exposure and to facilitate the needs of its customers. The Company enters into derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments to help its commercial customers manage their exposure to interest rate fluctuations. To mitigate the interest rate risk associated with these customer contracts, the Company enters into an offsetting derivative contract position. The Company manages its credit risk, or potential risk of default by its commercial customers, through credit limit approval and monitoring procedures. At December 31, 2016, the Company had notional amounts of $82,202 on interest rate contracts with corporate customers and $82,202 in offsetting interest rate contracts with other financial institutions to mitigate the Company’s rate exposure on its corporate customers’ contracts.
In June 2014, the Company entered into two forward interest rate swap contracts on floating rate liabilities at the Bank level with notional amounts of $15,000 each. The interest rate swap contracts are accounted for as cash flow hedges with the objective of protecting against any interest rate volatility on future FHLB borrowings for a four-year and five-year period beginning June 1, 2018 and December 3, 2018 and ending June 2022 and June 2023, respectively. Under these contracts, Renasant Bank will pay a fixed interest rate of interest, and will receive a variable interest rate based on the three-month LIBOR plus a pre-determined spread, with quarterly net settlements.
In March and April 2012, the Company entered into two interest rate swap agreements effective March 30, 2014 and March 17, 2014, respectively. Under these swap agreements, the Company receives a variable rate of interest based on the three-month LIBOR plus a pre-determined spread and pays a fixed rate of interest. The agreements, which both terminate in March 2022, are accounted for as cash flow hedges to reduce the variability in cash flows resulting from changes in interest rates on $32,000 of the Company’s junior subordinated debentures.
In connection with its acquisition of First M&F, the Company assumed an interest rate swap designed to convert floating rate interest payments into fixed rate payments. Based on the terms of the agreement, which terminates in March 2018, the Company will receive a variable rate of interest based on the three-month LIBOR plus a pre-determined spread and pay a fixed rate of interest. The interest rate swap is accounted for as a cash flow hedge to reduce the variability in cash flows resulting from changes in interest rates on $30,000 of the junior subordinated debentures assumed in the acquisition of First M&F.
The Company enters into interest rate lock commitments with its customers to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with the commitments to fund fixed-rate residential mortgage loans. The notional amount of commitments to fund fixed-rate mortgage loans was $120,050 and $251,676 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company also enters into forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans to secondary market investors. The notional amount of commitments to sell residential mortgage loans to secondary market investors was $257,000 and $293,500 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 15 – Derivative Instruments (continued)
The following table provides details on the Company’s derivative financial instruments as of the dates presented:

|  |  | Fair Value
| Balance Sheet | December 31,
| Location | 2016 |  | 2015
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |
Not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | Other Assets |  | $ | 1,985 |  |  | $ | 2,544 |
Interest rate lock commitments | Other Assets |  | 2,643 |  |  | 4,508 |
Forward commitments | Other Assets |  | 4,480 |  |  | 446 |
Totals |  |  | $ | 9,108 |  |  | $ | 7,498 |
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap | Other Liabilities |  | $ | 3,410 |  |  | $ | 4,266 |
Totals |  |  | $ | 3,410 |  |  | $ | 4,266 |
Not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | Other Liabilities |  | $ | 1,985 |  |  | $ | 2,544 |
Interest rate lock commitments | Other Liabilities |  | 246 |  |  | — |
Forward commitments | Other Liabilities |  | 269 |  |  | 509 |
Totals |  |  | $ | 2,500 |  |  | $ | 3,053 |

Gains (losses) included in the Consolidated Statements of Income related to the Company’s derivative financial instruments were as follows:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts: |  |  |  |  |
Included in interest income on loans | $ | 2,402 |  |  | $ | 2,200 |  |  | $ | 2,961 |
Interest rate lock commitments: |  |  |  |  |
Included in mortgage banking income | (2,111 | ) |  | (530 | ) |  | 1,171 |
Forward commitments |  |  |  |  |
Included in mortgage banking income | 4,275 |  |  | (1,917 | ) |  | (609 | )
Total | $ | 4,566 |  |  | $ | (247 | ) |  | $ | 3,523 |

For the Company’s derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, changes in fair value of the cash flow hedges are, to the extent that the hedging relationship is effective, recorded as other comprehensive income and are subsequently recognized in earnings at the same time that the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portions of the changes in fair value of the hedging instruments are immediately recognized in earnings. The assessment of the effectiveness of the hedging relationship is evaluated under the hypothetical derivative method. There were no ineffective portions for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. The impact on other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, can be seen at Note 19, “Other Comprehensive Income.”
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 15 – Derivative Instruments (continued)
Offsetting
Certain financial instruments, including derivatives, may be eligible for offset in the consolidated balance sheet when the “right of setoff” exists or when the instruments are subject to an enforceable master netting agreement, which includes the right of the non-defaulting party or non-affected party to offset recognized amounts, including collateral posted with the counterparty, to determine a net receivable or net payable upon early termination of the agreement. Certain of the Company’s derivative instruments are subject to master netting agreements; however, the Company has not elected to offset such financial instruments in the consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents the Company’s gross derivative positions as recognized in the consolidated balance sheets as well as the net derivative positions, including collateral pledged to the extent the application of such collateral did not reduce the net derivative liability position below zero, had the Company elected to offset those instruments subject to an enforceable master netting agreement:

| Offsetting Derivative Assets |  | Offsetting Derivative Liabilities
| December 31, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
Gross amounts recognized | $ | 4,778 |  |  | $ | 446 |  |  | $ | 4,893 |  |  | $ | 6,454 |
Gross amounts offset in the consolidated balance sheets | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets | 4,778 |  |  | 446 |  |  | 4,893 |  |  | 6,454 |
Gross amounts not offset in the consolidated balance sheets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial instruments | 567 |  |  | 282 |  |  | 567 |  |  | 282 |
Financial collateral pledged | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,326 |  |  | 6,020 |
Net amounts | $ | 4,211 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 152 |

Note 16 – Income Taxes
(In Thousands)
Significant components of the provision for income taxes (benefits) are as follows for the periods presented:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Current |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 31,679 |  |  | $ | 17,004 |  |  | $ | 16,474 |
State | 2,131 |  |  | 995 |  |  | 540 |
| 33,810 |  |  | 17,999 |  |  | 17,014 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |
Federal | 10,480 |  |  | 12,625 |  |  | 8,649 |
State | 557 |  |  | 1,126 |  |  | 642 |
| 11,037 |  |  | 13,751 |  |  | 9,291 |
| $ | 44,847 |  |  | $ | 31,750 |  |  | $ | 26,305 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 16 – Income Taxes (continued)
The reconciliation of income taxes computed at the United States federal statutory tax rates to the provision for income taxes is as follows:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Tax at U.S. statutory rate | $ | 47,522 |  |  | $ | 34,918 |  |  | $ | 30,061 |
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from: |  |  |  |  |
Tax-exempt interest income | (3,467 | ) |  | (3,377 | ) |  | (3,215 | )
BOLI income | (1,622 | ) |  | (1,264 | ) |  | (1,045 | )
Investment tax credits | (1,390 | ) |  | (1,390 | ) |  | (1,390 | )
Amortization of investment in low-income housing tax credits | 1,742 |  |  | 1,734 |  |  | 1,594 |
State income tax expense, net of federal benefit | 1,747 |  |  | 1,378 |  |  | 921 |
Decrease to valuation allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | (152 | )
Other items, net | 315 |  |  | (249 | ) |  | (469 | )
| $ | 44,847 |  |  | $ | 31,750 |  |  | $ | 26,305 |

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows for the periods presented:

| December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015
Deferred tax assets |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses | $ | 19,934 |  |  | $ | 17,430 |
Loans | 23,240 |  |  | 26,239 |
Deferred compensation | 11,254 |  |  | 17,060 |
Net unrealized losses on securities | 10,096 |  |  | 6,065 |
Impairment of assets | 2,512 |  |  | 3,271 |
Net operating loss carryforwards | 2,867 |  |  | 3,681 |
Other | 7,149 |  |  | 7,499 |
Gross deferred tax assets | 77,052 |  |  | 81,245 |
Valuation allowance on state net operating loss carryforwards | — |  |  | — |
Total deferred tax assets | 77,052 |  |  | 81,245 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |
FDIC indemnification asset | — |  |  | 1,927 |
Investment in partnerships | 1,556 |  |  | 2,507 |
Core deposit intangible | — |  |  | 3,386 |
Depreciation | 2,517 |  |  | 673 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 3,360 |  |  | 4,032 |
Subordinated debt | 4,111 |  |  | 4,287 |
Other | 2,876 |  |  | 2,364 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 14,420 |  |  | 19,176 |
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 62,632 |  |  | $ | 62,069 |

The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. The Company is currently open to audit under the statute of limitations by the Internal Revenue Service for the years ending December 31, 2013 through 2015. The Company and its subsidiaries’ state income tax returns are open to audit under the statute of limitations for the years ended December 31, 2013 through 2015.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 16 – Income Taxes (continued)
The Company acquired federal and state net operating losses as part of the Heritage acquisition. The federal net operating loss acquired totaled $18,321, of which $6,883 remained to be utilized as of December 31, 2016, while state net operating losses totaled $17,168, of which $11,412 remained to be utilized as of December 31, 2016. Both the federal and state net operating losses will expire at various dates beginning in 2031.
The Company expects to utilize the federal and state net operating losses prior to expiration. Because the benefits are expected to be fully realized, the Company recorded no valuation allowance against the net operating losses for the year end December 31, 2016.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest, related to federal and state income tax matters as of December 31 is as follows:

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Balance at January 1 | $ | 1,485 |  |  | $ | 2,653 |  |  | $ | 2,178 |
Additions based on positions related to current period | 25 |  |  | 367 |  |  | 475 |
Additions based on positions related to prior period | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Reductions based on positions related to prior period | — |  |  | (201 | ) |  | — |
Settlements | — |  |  | (1,334 | ) |  | — |
Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at December 31 | $ | 1,510 |  |  | $ | 1,485 |  |  | $ | 2,653 |

If ultimately recognized, the Company does not anticipate any material increase in the effective tax rate for 2016 relative to any tax positions taken prior to January 1, 2016. The Company had accrued $169, $125 and $686 for interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Note 17 – Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects
(In Thousands)
The Company has investments in qualified affordable housing projects (“QAHPs”) that provide low income housing tax credits and operating loss benefits over an extended period. At December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company’s carrying value of QAHPs was $6,331 and $7,666, respectively. The Company has no remaining funding obligations related to the QAHPs. The investments in QAHPs are being accounted for using the effective yield method. The investments in QAHPs are included in “Other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Components of the Company's investments in qualified affordable housing projects were included in the line item “Income taxes” in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods presented:

| Year Ended
| December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015
Investment amortization | $ | 1,335 |  |  | $ | 1,328 |
Tax credits and other benefits | (1,927 | ) |  | (1,883 | )
Total | $ | (592 | ) |  | $ | (555 | )

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 18 – Fair Value Measurements
(In Thousands)
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company carries certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis in accordance with applicable standards. The Company’s recurring fair value measurements are based on the requirement to carry such assets and liabilities at fair value or the Company’s election to carry certain eligible assets and liabilities at fair value. Assets and liabilities that are required to be carried at fair value include securities available for sale and derivative instruments. The Company has elected to carry mortgage loans held for sale at fair value on a recurring basis as permitted under the guidance in ASC 825.
The following methods and assumptions are used by the Company to estimate the fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured on a recurring basis:
Securities available for sale: Securities available for sale consist primarily of debt securities, such as obligations of U.S. Government agencies and corporations, mortgage-backed securities, trust preferred securities, and other debt and equity securities. Where quoted market prices in active markets are available, securities are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. If quoted prices from active markets are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices for similar instruments traded in active markets, quoted market prices for identical or similar instruments traded in markets that are not active, or model-based valuation techniques where all significant assumptions are observable in the market. Such instruments are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. When assumptions used in model-based valuation techniques are not observable in the market, the assumptions used by management reflect estimates of assumptions used by other market participants in determining fair value. When there is limited transparency around the inputs to the valuation, the instruments are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Derivative instruments: The Company uses derivatives to manage various financial risks. Most of the Company’s derivative contracts are actively traded in over-the-counter markets and are valued using discounted cash flow models which incorporate observable market based inputs including current market interest rates, credit spreads, and other factors. Such instruments are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and include interest rate swaps and other interest rate contracts including interest rate caps and/or floors. The Company’s interest rate lock commitments are valued using current market prices for mortgage-backed securities with similar characteristics, adjusted for certain factors including servicing and risk. The value of the Company’s forward commitments is based on current prices for securities backed by similar types of loans. Because these assumptions are observable in active markets, the Company’s interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Mortgage loans held for sale: Mortgage loans held for sale are primarily agency loans which trade in active secondary markets. The fair value of these instruments is derived from current market pricing for similar loans, adjusted for differences in loan characteristics, including servicing and risk. Because the valuation is based on external pricing of similar instruments, mortgage loans held for sale are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 18 – Fair Value Measurements (continued)
The following table presents assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates presented:

| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Totals
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,158 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,158 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency-mortgage backed securities | — |  |  | 409,317 |  |  | — |  |  | 409,317 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  |  | 168,826 |  |  | — |  |  | 168,826 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency-mortgage backed securities | — |  |  | 50,863 |  |  | — |  |  | 50,863 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  |  | 2,550 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,550 |
Trust preferred securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,389 |  |  | 18,389 |
Other debt securities | — |  |  | 22,145 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,145 |
Total securities available for sale | — |  |  | 655,859 |  |  | 18,389 |  |  | 674,248 |
Derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | — |  |  | 1,985 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,985 |
Interest rate lock commitments | — |  |  | 2,643 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,643 |
Forward commitments | — |  |  | 4,480 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,480 |
Total derivative instruments | — |  |  | 9,108 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,108 |
Mortgage loans held for sale | — |  |  | 177,866 |  |  | — |  |  | 177,866 |
Total financial assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 842,833 |  |  | $ | 18,389 |  |  | $ | 861,222 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,410 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,410 |
Interest rate contracts | — |  |  | 1,985 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,985 |
Interest rate lock commitments | — |  |  | 246 |  |  | — |  |  | 246 |
Forward commitments | — |  |  | 269 |  |  | — |  |  | 269 |
Total derivative instruments | — |  |  | 5,910 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,910 |
Total financial liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,910 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,910 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 18 – Fair Value Measurements (continued)

| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Totals
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,200 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,200 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 364,540 |  |  | — |  |  | 364,540 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  |  | 168,060 |  |  | — |  |  | 168,060 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency-mortgage backed securities | — |  |  | 59,759 |  |  | — |  |  | 59,759 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  |  | 5,104 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,104 |
Trust preferred securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,469 |  |  | 19,469 |
Other debt securities | — |  |  | 19,333 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,333 |
Other equity securities | — |  |  | 4,340 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,340 |
Total securities available for sale | — |  |  | 627,336 |  |  | 19,469 |  |  | 646,805 |
Derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | — |  |  | 2,544 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,544 |
Interest rate lock commitments | — |  |  | 4,508 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,508 |
Forward commitments | — |  |  | 446 |  |  | — |  |  | 446 |
Total derivative instruments | — |  |  | 7,498 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,498 |
Mortgage loans held for sale | — |  |  | 225,254 |  |  | — |  |  | 225,254 |
Total financial assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 860,088 |  |  | $ | 19,469 |  |  | $ | 879,557 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,266 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,266 |
Interest rate contracts | — |  |  | 2,544 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,544 |
Forward commitments | — |  |  | 509 |  |  | — |  |  | 509 |
Total derivative instruments | — |  |  | 7,319 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,319 |
Total financial liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,319 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,319 |

The Company reviews fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Changes in the Company’s ability to observe inputs to the valuation may cause reclassification of certain assets or liabilities within the fair value hierarchy.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 18 – Fair Value Measurements (continued)
The following tables provide a reconciliation for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs, or Level 3 inputs:

| Securities available for sale
| Trust preferred securities
Balance at January 1, 2015 | $ | 19,756 |
Realized (gains) losses included in net income, net of premium amortization | (62 | )
Unrealized gains included in other comprehensive income | 1,439 |
Sales | (1,117 | )
Issues | — |
Settlements | (547 | )
Transfers into Level 3 | — |
Transfers out of Level 3 | — |
Balance at December 31, 2015 | $ | 19,469 |
Realized (gains) losses included in net income, net of premium amortization | 33 |
Unrealized gains included in other comprehensive income | (59 | )
Sales | — |
Issues | — |
Settlements | (1,054 | )
Transfers into Level 3 | — |
Transfers out of Level 3 | — |
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 18,389 |

For 2016 and 2015, there were no gains or losses included in earnings that were attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses related to assets or liabilities held at the end of each respective period that were measured on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs.
The following table presents information as of December 31, 2016 about significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in the valuation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Financial instrument |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs |  | Range of Inputs
Trust preferred securities |  | $ | 18,389 |  |  | Discounted cash flows |  | Default rate |  | 0-100%

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 18 – Fair Value Measurements (continued)
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
Certain assets may be recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically are a result of the application of the lower of cost or market accounting or a write-down occurring during the period. The following table provides the fair value measurement for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that were still held on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the dates presented and the level within the fair value hierarchy each is classified:

| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Totals
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,101 |  |  | $ | 4,101 |
OREO | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,741 |  |  | 6,741 |
Mortgage servicing rights | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,302 |  |  | 26,302 |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 37,144 |  |  | $ | 37,144 |

| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Totals
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,508 |  |  | $ | 6,508 |
OREO | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,839 |  |  | 12,839 |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,347 |  |  | $ | 19,347 |

The following methods and assumptions are used by the Company to estimate the fair values of the Company’s assets measured on a nonrecurring basis:
Impaired loans: Loans considered impaired are reserved for at the time the loan is identified as impaired taking into account the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. Collateral may be real estate and/or business assets including but not limited to equipment, inventory and accounts receivable. The fair value of real estate is determined based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers. The fair value of the business assets is generally based on amounts reported on the business’s financial statements. Appraised and reported values may be adjusted based on changes in market conditions from the time of valuation and management’s knowledge of the client and the client’s business. Since not all valuation inputs are observable, these nonrecurring fair value determinations are classified as Level 3. Impaired loans are reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly, based on the same factors previously identified. Impaired loans that were measured or re-measured at fair value had a carrying value of $4,406 and $7,191 at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, and a specific reserve for these loans of $305 and $683 was included in the allowance for loan losses for the same periods ended.
Other real estate owned: OREO is comprised of commercial and residential real estate obtained in partial or total satisfaction of loan obligations. OREO acquired in settlement of indebtedness is recorded at the fair value of the real estate less estimated costs to sell. Subsequently, it may be necessary to record nonrecurring fair value adjustments for declines in fair value. Fair value, when recorded, is determined based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers and adjusted for management’s estimates of costs to sell. Accordingly, values for OREO are classified as Level 3.
The following table presents OREO measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that was still held in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the dates presented:

| December 31, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
Carrying amount prior to remeasurement | $ | 8,290 |  |  | $ | 14,726 |
Impairment recognized in results of operations | (1,549 | ) |  | (1,887 | )
Fair value | $ | 6,741 |  |  | $ | 12,839 |

Mortgage servicing rights: The Company retains the right to service certain mortgage loans that it sells to secondary market investors. Mortgage servicing rights are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Fair value is determined using an income approach with various assumptions including expected cash flows, market discount rates, prepayment speeds, servicing costs, and other factors. Because these factors are not all observable and include management’s assumptions, mortgage servicing rights are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Mortgage servicing rights were carried at amortized cost at December
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 18 – Fair Value Measurements (continued)
31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, and $40 in impairment charges were recognized in earnings for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016. There were no impairment charges recognized in earnings in 2015.
The following table presents information as of December 31, 2016 about significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in the valuation of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:

Financial instrument |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs |  | Range of Inputs
Impaired loans |  | $ | 4,101 |  |  | Appraised value of collateral less estimated costs to sell |  | Estimated costs to sell |  | 4-10%
OREO |  | $ | 6,741 |  |  | Appraised value of property less estimated costs to sell |  | Estimated costs to sell |  | 4-10%

Fair Value Option
The Company elected to measure all mortgage loans originated for sale on or after July 1, 2012 at fair value under the fair value option as permitted under ASC 825. Electing to measure these assets at fair value reduces certain timing differences and better matches the changes in fair value of the loans with changes in the fair value of derivative instruments used to economically hedge them.
Net losses of $4,851 resulting from fair value changes of these mortgage loans were recorded in income during 2016. The amount does not reflect changes in fair values of related derivative instruments used to hedge exposure to market-related risks associated with these mortgage loans. The change in fair value of both mortgage loans held for sale and the related derivative instruments are recorded in “Mortgage banking income” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The Company’s valuation of mortgage loans held for sale incorporates an assumption for credit risk; however, given the short-term period that the Company holds these loans, valuation adjustments attributable to instrument-specific credit risk is nominal. Interest income on mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value is accrued as it is earned based on contractual rates and is reflected in loan interest income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table summarizes the differences between the fair value and the principal balance for mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value as of December 31, 2016:

| Aggregate Fair Value |  | Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Difference
Mortgage loans held for sale | $ | 177,866 |  |  | $ | 175,964 |  |  | $ | 1,902 |
Past due loans of 90 days or more | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Nonaccrual loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 18 – Fair Value Measurements (continued)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments, including those assets and liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or nonrecurring basis, were as follows as of the dates presented:

|  |  | Fair Value
| Carrying Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 306,224 |  |  | $ | 306,224 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 306,224 |
Securities held to maturity | 356,282 |  |  | — |  |  | 362,893 |  |  | — |  |  | 362,893 |
Securities available for sale | 674,248 |  |  | — |  |  | 655,859 |  |  | 18,389 |  |  | 674,248 |
Mortgage loans held for sale | 177,866 |  |  | — |  |  | 177,866 |  |  | — |  |  | 177,866 |
Loans, net | 6,159,972 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,989,790 |  |  | 5,989,790 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 26,302 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32,064 |  |  | 32,064 |
Derivative instruments | 9,108 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,108 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,108 |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 7,059,137 |  |  | $ | 5,438,384 |  |  | $ | 1,631,027 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,069,411 |
Short-term borrowings | 109,676 |  |  | 109,676 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 109,676 |
Other long-term borrowings | 147 |  |  | 147 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 147 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 8,542 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,777 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,777 |
Junior subordinated debentures | 95,643 |  |  | — |  |  | 73,301 |  |  | — |  |  | 73,301 |
Subordinated notes | 98,127 |  |  | — |  |  | 101,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 101,000 |
Derivative instruments | 5,910 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,910 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,910 |

|  |  | Fair Value
| Carrying Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 211,571 |  |  | $ | 211,571 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 211,571 |
Securities held to maturity | 458,400 |  |  | — |  |  | 473,753 |  |  | — |  |  | 473,753 |
Securities available for sale | 646,805 |  |  | — |  |  | 627,336 |  |  | 19,469 |  |  | 646,805 |
Mortgage loans held for sale | 225,254 |  |  | — |  |  | 225,254 |  |  | — |  |  | 225,254 |
Loans covered under loss-share agreements | 93,142 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 92,528 |  |  | 92,528 |
Loans not covered under loss-share agreements, net | 5,277,883 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,208,630 |  |  | 5,208,630 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 29,642 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,283 |  |  | 33,283 |
FDIC loss-share indemnification asset | 7,149 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,149 |  |  | 7,149 |
Derivative instruments | 7,498 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,498 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,498 |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 6,218,602 |  |  | $ | 4,723,312 |  |  | $ | 1,502,202 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,225,514 |
Short-term borrowings | 422,279 |  |  | 422,279 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 422,279 |
Other long-term borrowings | 192 |  |  | 192 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 192 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 52,930 |  |  | — |  |  | 56,101 |  |  | — |  |  | 56,101 |
Junior subordinated debentures | 95,095 |  |  | — |  |  | 78,095 |  |  | — |  |  | 78,095 |
Derivative instruments | 7,319 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,319 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,319 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 18 – Fair Value Measurements (continued)
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis are discussed previously.
Cash and cash equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and due from banks and interest-bearing balances with banks. The carrying amount reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value based on the short-term nature of these assets.
Securities held to maturity: Securities held to maturity consist of debt securities such as obligations of U.S. Government agencies, states, and other political subdivisions. Where quoted market prices in active markets are available, securities are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. If quoted prices from active markets are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices for similar instruments traded in active markets, quoted market prices for identical or similar instruments traded in markets that are not active, or model-based valuation techniques where all significant assumptions are observable in the market. Such instruments are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. When assumptions used in model-based valuation techniques are not observable in the market, the assumptions used by management reflect estimates of assumptions used by other market participants in determining fair value. When there is limited transparency around the inputs to the valuation, the instruments are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Loans covered under loss share agreements: The fair value of loans covered under loss share agreements is based on the net present value of future cash proceeds expected to be received using discount rates that are derived from current market rates and reflect the level of interest risk in the covered loans. As discussed in Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” on December 8, 2016, the Bank entered into an agreement with the FDIC that terminated all of the Bank’s loss share agreements; therefore, there were no loans covered under loss share agreements at December 31, 2016.
Loans and Loans not covered under loss share agreements: For variable-rate loans and loans not covered under loss share agreements that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. Fair values of fixed-rate loans and loans not covered under loss-share agreements, including mortgages, commercial, agricultural and consumer loans, are estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis based on interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Due to the termination of the loss share agreements discussed above, all portfolio loans are shown together for the year-ended December 31, 2016.
Mortgage servicing rights: Mortgage servicing rights are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Fair value is determined using an income approach with various assumptions including expected cash flows, market discount rates, prepayment speeds, servicing costs, and other factors. Because these factors are not all observable and include management’s assumptions, mortgage servicing rights are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
FDIC loss share indemnification asset: The fair value of the FDIC loss share indemnification asset is based on the net present value of future cash flows expected to be received from the FDIC under the provisions of the loss share agreements using a discount rate that is based on current market rates for the underlying covered loans. Current market rates are used in light of the uncertainty of the timing and receipt of the loss share reimbursement from the FDIC. As discussed above, the loss-share agreements were terminated during 2016 and therefore there is no indemnification asset as of December 31, 2016.
Deposits: The fair values disclosed for demand deposits, both interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing, are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. Such deposits are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair values of certificates of deposit and individual retirement accounts are estimated using a discounted cash flow based on currently effective interest rates for similar types of deposits. These deposits are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Short-term borrowings: Short-term borrowings consist of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and short-term FHLB advances. The fair value of these borrowings approximates the carrying value of the amounts reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for each respective account given the short-term nature of the liabilities.
Federal Home Loan Bank advances: The fair value for FHLB advances is determined by discounting the expected future cash outflows using current market rates for similar borrowings, or Level 2 inputs.
Junior subordinated debentures and subordinated notes: The fair value for the Company’s junior subordinated debentures and subordinated notes is determined using quoted market prices for similar instruments traded in active markets.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 19 – Other Comprehensive Income
(In Thousands)
Changes in the components of other comprehensive income, net of tax, were as follows:

| Pre-Tax |  | Tax Expense (Benefit) |  | Net of Tax
Year Ended December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding losses on securities | $ | (10,119 | ) |  | $ | (3,913 | ) |  | $ | (6,206 | )
Reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income(1) | (1,186 | ) |  | (459 | ) |  | (727 | )
Amortization of unrealized holding gains on securities transferred to the held to maturity category | (99 | ) |  | (38 | ) |  | (61 | )
Total securities available for sale | (11,404 | ) |  | (4,410 | ) |  | (6,994 | )
Derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains on derivative instruments | 856 |  |  | 329 |  |  | 527 |
Total derivative instruments | 856 |  |  | 329 |  |  | 527 |
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |
Net gain arising during the period | 51 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 31 |
Amortization of net actuarial loss recognized in net periodic pension cost(2) | 480 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 302 |
Reclassification adjustment for net settlement gain realized in net income(2) | (383 | ) |  | (148 | ) |  | (235 | )
Total defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans | 148 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 98 |
Total other comprehensive loss | $ | (10,400 | ) |  | $ | (4,031 | ) |  | $ | (6,369 | )
Year Ended December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding losses on securities | $ | (571 | ) |  | $ | (220 | ) |  | $ | (351 | )
Reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income(1) | (96 | ) |  | (37 | ) |  | (59 | )
Amortization of unrealized holding gains on securities transferred to the held to maturity category | (178 | ) |  | (68 | ) |  | (110 | )
Total securities available for sale | (845 | ) |  | (325 | ) |  | (520 | )
Derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding losses on derivative instruments | (420 | ) |  | (171 | ) |  | (249 | )
Total derivative instruments | (420 | ) |  | (171 | ) |  | (249 | )
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss arising during the period | (2,393 | ) |  | (958 | ) |  | (1,435 | )
Amortization of net actuarial loss recognized in net periodic pension cost(2) | 432 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 267 |
Total defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans | (1,961 | ) |  | (793 | ) |  | (1,168 | )
Total other comprehensive loss | $ | (3,226 | ) |  | $ | (1,289 | ) |  | $ | (1,937 | )

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 19 – Other Comprehensive Income (continued)

| Pre-Tax |  | Tax Expense (Benefit) |  | Net of Tax
Year Ended December 31, 2014 |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains on securities | $ | 12,520 |  |  | $ | 4,789 |  |  | $ | 7,731 |
Reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income(1) | (375 | ) |  | (143 | ) |  | (232 | )
Amortization of unrealized holding gains on securities transferred to the held to maturity category | (253 | ) |  | (97 | ) |  | (156 | )
Total securities available for sale | 11,892 |  |  | 4,549 |  |  | 7,343 |
Derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding losses on derivative instruments | (2,627 | ) |  | (1,005 | ) |  | (1,622 | )
Total derivative instruments | (2,627 | ) |  | (1,005 | ) |  | (1,622 | )
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |
Net loss arising during the period | (2,476 | ) |  | (947 | ) |  | (1,529 | )
Amortization of net actuarial loss recognized in net periodic pension cost(2) | 296 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 183 |
Total defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans | (2,180 | ) |  | (834 | ) |  | (1,346 | )
Total other comprehensive income | $ | 7,085 |  |  | $ | 2,710 |  |  | $ | 4,375 |

(1) Included in Net gains on sales of securities in the Consolidated Statements of Income
(2) Included in Salaries and employee benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Income
The accumulated balances for each component of other comprehensive income, net of tax, at December 31 were as follows:

| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Unrealized gains on securities | $ | 9,490 |  |  | $ | 16,500 |  |  | $ | 17,759 |
Non-credit related portion of other-than-temporary impairment on securities | (16,719 | ) |  | (16,735 | ) |  | (17,474 | )
Unrealized losses on derivative instruments | (1,355 | ) |  | (1,882 | ) |  | (1,633 | )
Unrecognized losses on defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans obligations | (7,320 | ) |  | (7,418 | ) |  | (6,250 | )
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss | $ | (15,904 | ) |  | $ | (9,535 | ) |  | $ | (7,598 | )

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement
Note 20 – Quarterly Results of Operations
(In Thousands, Except Share Data) (Unaudited)
The following table sets forth a summary of the unaudited quarterly results of operations.

| First Quarter |  | Second Quarter |  | Third Quarter |  | Fourth Quarter
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | $ | 76,259 |  |  | $ | 84,008 |  |  | $ | 83,032 |  |  | $ | 85,840 |
Interest expense | 6,205 |  |  | 6,851 |  |  | 7,301 |  |  | 7,791 |
Net interest income | 70,054 |  |  | 77,157 |  |  | 75,731 |  |  | 78,049 |
Provision for loan losses | 1,800 |  |  | 1,430 |  |  | 2,650 |  |  | 1,650 |
Noninterest income | 33,302 |  |  | 35,586 |  |  | 38,272 |  |  | 30,071 |
Noninterest expense | 69,814 |  |  | 77,259 |  |  | 76,468 |  |  | 71,374 |
Income before income taxes | 31,742 |  |  | 34,054 |  |  | 34,885 |  |  | 35,096 |
Income taxes | 10,526 |  |  | 11,154 |  |  | 11,706 |  |  | 11,461 |
Net income | $ | 21,216 |  |  | $ | 22,900 |  |  | $ | 23,179 |  |  | $ | 23,635 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.53 |  |  | $ | 0.54 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 0.56 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.52 |  |  | $ | 0.54 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | $ | 54,166 |  |  | $ | 56,769 |  |  | $ | 74,300 |  |  | $ | 77,788 |
Interest expense | 5,385 |  |  | 5,155 |  |  | 5,688 |  |  | 5,437 |
Net interest income | 48,781 |  |  | 51,614 |  |  | 68,612 |  |  | 72,351 |
Provision for loan losses | 1,075 |  |  | 1,175 |  |  | 750 |  |  | 1,750 |
Noninterest income | 21,870 |  |  | 22,879 |  |  | 32,079 |  |  | 31,442 |
Noninterest expense | 47,319 |  |  | 51,082 |  |  | 75,979 |  |  | 70,734 |
Income before income taxes | 22,257 |  |  | 22,236 |  |  | 23,962 |  |  | 31,309 |
Income taxes | 7,017 |  |  | 6,842 |  |  | 7,742 |  |  | 10,149 |
Net income | $ | 15,240 |  |  | $ | 15,394 |  |  | $ | 16,220 |  |  | $ | 21,160 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.48 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  | $ | 0.40 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.48 |  |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  | $ | 0.40 |  |  | $ | 0.52 |

See Note 2, “Mergers and Acquisitions” above for a discussion of the effect on the Company’s results of operations of its acquisitions of Heritage in the third quarter of 2015 and KeyWorth in the second quarter of 2016.
Note 21 – Net Income Per Common Share
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
Basic net income per common share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per common share reflects the pro forma dilution of shares outstanding, including restricted shares, assuming outstanding stock options were exercised into common shares, calculated in accordance with the treasury method. Basic and diluted net income per common share calculations are as follows for the periods presented:
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement
Note 21 – Net Income Per Common Share (continued)

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Basic |  |  |  |  |
Net income applicable to common stock | $ | 90,930 |  |  | $ | 68,014 |  |  | $ | 59,582 |
Average common shares outstanding | 41,737,636 |  |  | 35,971,877 |  |  | 31,499,498 |
Net income per common share—basic | $ | 2.18 |  |  | $ | 1.89 |  |  | $ | 1.89 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |
Net income applicable to common stock | $ | 90,930 |  |  | $ | 68,014 |  |  | $ | 59,582 |
Average common shares outstanding | 41,737,636 |  |  | 35,971,877 |  |  | 31,499,498 |
Effect of dilutive stock-based compensation | 251,819 |  |  | 255,562 |  |  | 260,149 |
Average common shares outstanding—diluted | 41,989,455 |  |  | 36,227,439 |  |  | 31,759,647 |
Net income per common share—diluted | $ | 2.17 |  |  | $ | 1.88 |  |  | $ | 1.88 |

Stock options that could potentially dilute basic net income per common share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted net income per common share due to their anti-dilutive effect were as follows for the periods presented:

| Year Ended
| December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Number of shares | — |  | — |  | 109,068
Range of exercise prices | — |  | — |  | $29.57 - $30.63

Note 22 – Commitments, Contingent Liabilities and Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk
(In Thousands)
Loan commitments are made to accommodate the financial needs of the Company’s customers. Standby letters of credit commit the Company to make payments on behalf of customers when certain specified future events occur. Both arrangements have credit risk essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers and are subject to the Company’s normal credit policies. Collateral (e.g., securities, receivables, inventory, equipment, etc.) is obtained based on management’s credit assessment of the customer. The Company’s unfunded loan commitments (unfunded loans and unused lines of credit) and standby letters of credit outstanding at December 31, 2016 were $1,263,059 and $44,086, respectively, compared to $1,131,842 and $37,063, respectively, at December 31, 2015.
Various claims and lawsuits are pending against the Company and Renasant Bank. In the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, resolution of these matters is not expected to have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Market risk resulting from interest rate changes on particular off-balance sheet financial instruments may be offset by other on - or off-balance sheet transactions. Interest rate sensitivity is monitored by the Company for determining the net effect of potential changes in interest rates on the market value of both on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments.
Note 23 – Restrictions on Cash, Securities, Bank Dividends, Loans or Advances
(In Thousands)
Renasant Bank is required to maintain minimum average balances with the Federal Reserve. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, Renasant Bank’s reserve requirements with the Federal Reserve were $109,044 and $55,237, respectively, with which it was in full compliance.
The Company's balance of FHLB stock, which is carried at amortized cost, at December 31, 2016 and 2015, was $9,589 and $22,839, respectively. The required investment for the same time period was $7,611 and $20,885, respectively.
The Company’s ability to pay dividends to its shareholders is substantially dependent on the ability of Renasant Bank to transfer funds to the Company in the form of dividends, loans and advances. Under Mississippi law, a Mississippi bank may not pay dividends unless its earned surplus is in excess of three times capital stock. A Mississippi bank with earned surplus in excess of three times capital stock may pay a dividend, subject to the approval of the Mississippi Department of Banking and Consumer Finance. Accordingly, the approval of this supervisory authority is required prior to Renasant Bank paying dividends to the Company.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 23 – Restrictions on Cash, Securities, Bank Dividends, Loans or Advances (continued)
At December 31, 2016, the Bank's earned surplus exceeded the Bank's capital stock by more than ten times. In addition, the FDIC must approve the payment of dividends under certain circumstances.
Federal Reserve regulations also limit the amount Renasant Bank may loan to the Company unless such loans are collateralized by specific obligations. At December 31, 2016, the maximum amount available for transfer from Renasant Bank to the Company in the form of loans was $87,191. As of December 31, 2016, no loans from the Bank to the Company were outstanding.
Note 24 – Regulatory Matters
(In Thousands)
Renasant Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on Renasant Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, Renasant Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of Renasant Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Renasant Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
The Federal Reserve, the FDIC and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency have issued guidelines governing the levels of capital that banks must maintain. Those guidelines specify capital tiers, which include the following classifications:

Capital Tiers | Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets (Leverage) |  | Common Equity Tier 1 to Risk - Weighted Assets |  | Tier 1 Capital to Risk – Weighted Assets |  | Total Capital to Risk – Weighted Assets
Well capitalized | 5% or above |  | 6.5% or above |  | 8% or above |  | 10% or above
Adequately capitalized | 4% or above |  | 4.5% or above |  | 6% or above |  | 8% or above
Undercapitalized | Less than 4% |  | Less than 4.5% |  | Less than 6% |  | Less than 8%
Significantly undercapitalized | Less than 3% |  | Less than 3% |  | Less than 4% |  | Less than 6%
Critically undercapitalized | Tangible Equity / Total Assets less than 2%

The following table provides the capital and risk-based capital and leverage ratios for the Company and for Renasant Bank as of December 31:

| 2016 |  | 2015
| Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
Renasant Corporation |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets (Leverage) | $ | 858,850 |  |  | 10.59 | % |  | $ | 681,731 |  |  | 9.16 | %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | 766,560 |  |  | 11.47 | % |  | 591,356 |  |  | 9.99 | %
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | 858,850 |  |  | 12.86 | % |  | 681,731 |  |  | 11.51 | %
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | 1,004,038 |  |  | 15.03 | % |  | 729,321 |  |  | 12.32 | %
Renasant Bank |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets (Leverage) | $ | 824,850 |  |  | 10.20 | % |  | $ | 654,830 |  |  | 8.82 | %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | 824,850 |  |  | 12.38 | % |  | 654,830 |  |  | 11.09 | %
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | 824,850 |  |  | 12.38 | % |  | 654,830 |  |  | 11.09 | %
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | 871,911 |  |  | 13.09 | % |  | 701,591 |  |  | 11.89 | %

In July 2013, the Federal Reserve, the FDIC and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency approved the implementation of the Basel III regulatory capital reforms and issued rules effecting certain changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act (the “Basel III Rules”) that call for broad and comprehensive revision of regulatory capital standards for U.S. banking organizations. The Basel III Rules implemented a new common equity Tier 1 minimum capital requirement (“CET1”), a higher minimum Tier 1 capital requirement and other items affecting the calculation of the numerator of a banking organization’s risk-based capital ratios. Additionally, the Basel III Rules apply limits to a banking organization’s capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 24 – Regulatory Matters (continued)
payments if the banking organization does not hold a specified amount of CET1 capital in addition to the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements.
The CET1 capital ratio includes common equity as defined under GAAP and does not include any other type of non-common equity under GAAP. Banks must now maintain CET1 capital of 4.5% of average assets, Tier 1 capital of 6% of average assets and total capital of 8% of risk-weighted assets to be categorized as adequately capitalized.
Further, the Basel III Rules changed the agencies’ general risk-based capital requirements for determining risk-weighted assets, which affect the calculation of the denominator of a banking organization’s risk-based capital ratios. The Basel III Rules have revised the agencies’ rules for calculating risk-weighted assets to enhance risk sensitivity and to incorporate certain international capital standards of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision set forth in the standardized approach of the “International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: A Revised Framework”.
The calculation of risk-weighted assets in the denominator of the Basel III capital ratios has been adjusted to reflect the higher risk nature of certain types of loans. Specifically, as applicable to the Company and Renasant Bank:
— Residential mortgages: Replaced the current 50% risk weight for performing residential first-lien mortgages and a 100% risk-weight for all other mortgages with a risk weight of between 35% and 200% determined by the mortgage’s loan-to-value ratio and whether the mortgage falls into one of two categories based on eight criteria that include the term, use of negative amortization and balloon payments, certain rate increases and documented and verified borrower income.
— Commercial mortgages: Replaced the current 100% risk weight with a 150% risk weight for certain high volatility commercial real estate acquisition, development and construction loans.
— Nonperforming loans: Replaced the current 100% risk weight with a 150% risk weight for loans, other than residential mortgages, that are 90 days past due or on nonaccrual status.
The Final Rules also introduced a capital conservation buffer designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. The capital conservation buffer is composed entirely of CET1, on top of these minimum risk-weighted asset ratios. In addition, the Final Rules provide for a countercyclical capital buffer applicable only to certain covered institutions. It is not expected that the countercyclical capital buffer will be applicable to Renasant Corporation or Renasant Bank. Banking institutions with a ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the capital conservation buffer (or below the combined capital conservation buffer and countercyclical capital buffer, when the latter is applied) will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall. The implementation of the capital conservation buffer began on January 1, 2016 at the 0.625% level and will be phased in over a 4-year period (increasing by that amount on each subsequent January 1, until it reaches 2.5% on January 1, 2019).
Note 25 – Segment Reporting
(In Thousands)
The operations of the Company’s reportable segments are described as follows:

• | The Community Banks segment delivers a complete range of banking and financial services to individuals and small to medium-size businesses including checking and savings accounts, business and personal loans, equipment leasing, as well as safe deposit and night depository facilities.

• | The Insurance segment includes a full service insurance agency offering all lines of commercial and personal insurance through major carriers.

• | The Wealth Management segment offers a broad range of fiduciary services which includes the administration and management of trust accounts including personal and corporate benefit accounts, self-directed IRA’s, and custodial accounts. In addition, the Wealth Management segment offers annuities, mutual funds and other investment services through a third party broker-dealer.

In order to give the Company’s divisional management a more precise indication of the income and expenses they can control, the results of operations for the Community Banks, the Insurance and the Wealth Management segments reflect the direct revenues and expenses of each respective segment. Indirect revenues and expenses, including but not limited to income from the Company’s investment portfolio, as well as certain costs associated with data processing and back office functions, primarily support the operations of the community banks and, therefore, are included in the results of the Community Banks segment. Included in “Other”
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 25 – Segment Reporting (continued)
are the operations of the holding company and other eliminations which are necessary for purposes of reconciling to the consolidated amounts.
The following table provides financial information for the Company’s operating segments as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

| Community Banks |  | Insurance |  | Wealth Management |  | Other |  | Consolidated
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 305,583 |  |  | $ | 350 |  |  | $ | 1,846 |  |  | $ | (6,788 | ) |  | $ | 300,991 |
Provision for loan losses | 7,530 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,530 |
Noninterest income | 114,615 |  |  | 10,074 |  |  | 12,354 |  |  | 372 |  |  | 137,415 |
Noninterest expense | 276,260 |  |  | 6,873 |  |  | 11,099 |  |  | 867 |  |  | 295,099 |
Income before income taxes | 136,408 |  |  | 3,551 |  |  | 3,101 |  |  | (7,283 | ) |  | 135,777 |
Income taxes | 46,352 |  |  | 1,385 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,890 | ) |  | 44,847 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 90,056 |  |  | $ | 2,166 |  |  | $ | 3,101 |  |  | $ | (4,393 | ) |  | $ | 90,930 |
Total assets | $ | 8,602,022 |  |  | $ | 23,693 |  |  | $ | 54,857 |  |  | $ | 19,279 |  |  | $ | 8,699,851 |
Goodwill | 467,767 |  |  | 2,767 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 470,534 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 244,242 |  |  | $ | 311 |  |  | $ | 1,688 |  |  | $ | (4,883 | ) |  | $ | 241,358 |
Provision for loan losses | 4,752 |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | 4,750 |
Noninterest income | 88,498 |  |  | 9,340 |  |  | 10,559 |  |  | (127 | ) |  | 108,270 |
Noninterest expense | 228,248 |  |  | 6,900 |  |  | 9,130 |  |  | 836 |  |  | 245,114 |
Income before income taxes | 99,740 |  |  | 2,751 |  |  | 3,119 |  |  | (5,846 | ) |  | 99,764 |
Income taxes | 32,941 |  |  | 1,078 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,269 | ) |  | 31,750 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 66,799 |  |  | $ | 1,673 |  |  | $ | 3,119 |  |  | $ | (3,577 | ) |  | $ | 68,014 |
Total assets | $ | 7,833,084 |  |  | $ | 22,550 |  |  | $ | 46,035 |  |  | $ | 24,827 |  |  | $ | 7,926,496 |
Goodwill | 443,104 |  |  | 2,767 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 445,871 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 205,353 |  |  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 1,332 |  |  | $ | (4,440 | ) |  | $ | 202,482 |
Provision for loan losses | 6,249 |  |  | — |  |  | (82 | ) |  | — |  |  | 6,167 |
Noninterest income | 61,973 |  |  | 9,055 |  |  | 8,997 |  |  | 484 |  |  | 80,509 |
Noninterest expense | 175,660 |  |  | 6,441 |  |  | 8,111 |  |  | 725 |  |  | 190,937 |
Income before income taxes | 85,417 |  |  | 2,851 |  |  | 2,300 |  |  | (4,681 | ) |  | 85,887 |
Income taxes | 27,037 |  |  | 1,114 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,846 | ) |  | 26,305 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 58,380 |  |  | $ | 1,737 |  |  | $ | 2,300 |  |  | $ | (2,835 | ) |  | $ | 59,582 |
Total assets | $ | 5,720,995 |  |  | $ | 20,472 |  |  | $ | 44,275 |  |  | $ | 19,387 |  |  | $ | 5,805,129 |
Goodwill | 271,939 |  |  | 2,767 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 274,706 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 26 – Renasant Corporation (Parent Company Only) Condensed Financial Information
(In Thousands)
Balance Sheets

| December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015
Assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents(1) | $ | 121,233 |  |  | $ | 11,107 |
Investments | 4,327 |  |  | 9,711 |
Investment in bank subsidiary(2) | 1,291,686 |  |  | 1,101,580 |
Accrued interest receivable on bank balances(2) | 5 |  |  | 5 |
Intercompany receivable(2) | 2,771 |  |  | 2,450 |
Other assets | 11,508 |  |  | 10,560 |
Total assets | $ | 1,431,530 |  |  | $ | 1,135,413 |
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  |  |
Junior subordinated debentures | $ | 95,643 |  |  | $ | 95,095 |
Subordinated notes | 98,127 |  |  | — |
Other liabilities | 4,877 |  |  | 3,500 |
Shareholders’ equity | 1,232,883 |  |  | 1,036,818 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 1,431,530 |  |  | $ | 1,135,413 |

(1) | Eliminates in consolidation, with the exception of $1,970 pledged for collateral and held at non-subsidiary bank in 2015

(2) | Eliminates in consolidation

Statements of Income

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Income |  |  |  |  |
Dividends from bank subsidiary(1) | $ | 29,733 |  |  | $ | 24,557 |  |  | $ | 21,518 |
Interest income from bank subsidiary(1) | 8 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |
Other dividends | 469 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 749 |
Other income | 1,275 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 71 |
Total income | 31,485 |  |  | 24,888 |  |  | 22,346 |
Expenses | 9,036 |  |  | 6,823 |  |  | 5,513 |
Income before income tax benefit and equity in undistributed net income of bank subsidiary | 22,449 |  |  | 18,065 |  |  | 16,833 |
Income tax benefit | (2,890 | ) |  | (2,521 | ) |  | (1,846 | )
Equity in undistributed net income of bank subsidiary(1) | 65,591 |  |  | 47,428 |  |  | 40,903 |
Net income | $ | 90,930 |  |  | $ | 68,014 |  |  | $ | 59,582 |

(1) | Eliminates in consolidation

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 26 - Renasant Corporation (Parent Company Only) Condensed Financial Information (continued)
Statements of Cash Flows

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 90,930 |  |  | $ | 68,014 |  |  | $ | 59,582 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Gain on sale of securities | (1,186 | ) |  | — |  |  | (375 | )
Equity in undistributed net income of bank subsidiary | (65,591 | ) |  | (47,428 | ) |  | (40,903 | )
Amortization/depreciation/accretion | 560 |  |  | 579 |  |  | 385 |
(Increase) decrease in other assets | (556 | ) |  | (1,377 | ) |  | 1,345 |
Increase in other liabilities | 564 |  |  | 1,088 |  |  | 2,591 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 24,721 |  |  | 20,876 |  |  | 22,625 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of securities held to maturity and available for sale | (1,380 | ) |  | (2,183 | ) |  | (1,781 | )
Sales and maturities of securities held to maturity and available for sale | 6,101 |  |  | 1,089 |  |  | 1,142 |
Investment in subsidiaries | (75,000 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Net cash received in acquisition | — |  |  | 5,292 |  |  | — |
Other investing activities | — |  |  | — |  |  | (64 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (70,279 | ) |  | 4,198 |  |  | (703 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for dividends | (29,734 | ) |  | (24,557 | ) |  | (21,518 | )
Cash received on exercise of stock-based compensation | 415 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 401 |
Excess tax benefits from exercise of stock options | 2,771 |  |  | 520 |  |  | 940 |
Repayments of advances from bank subsidiary | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,500 | )
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | 98,127 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Proceeds from equity offering | 84,105 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 155,684 |  |  | (23,935 | ) |  | (21,677 | )
Increase in cash and cash equivalents | 110,126 |  |  | 1,139 |  |  | 245 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 11,107 |  |  | 9,968 |  |  | 9,723 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 121,233 |  |  | $ | 11,107 |  |  | $ | 9,968 |

Note 27 – Subsequent Events
(In Thousands)
Merger with Metropolitan BancGroup, Inc.
On January 17, 2017, the Company and Metropolitan BancGroup, Inc. (“Metropolitan”), the parent company of Metropolitan Bank, jointly announced the signing of a definitive merger agreement pursuant to which the Company will acquire Metropolitan in an all-stock merger in a transaction valued at approximately $190,200. Under the terms of the agreement, Metropolitan will be merged with and into Renasant, and Renasant will be the surviving corporation. Immediately after the merger of Metropolitan with and into Renasant, Metropolitan Bank will merge with and into Renasant Bank, with Renasant Bank continuing as the surviving bank corporation in the merger.
According to the terms of the merger agreement, each Metropolitan common shareholder will have the right to receive 0.6066 shares of Renasant common stock for each share of Metropolitan common stock, and the merger is expected to qualify as a tax-free reorganization for Metropolitan shareholders.
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 27 – Subsequent Events (continued)
Metropolitan operates eight offices in Nashville and Memphis, Tennessee and the Jackson, MS MSA and as of December 31, 2016, had approximately $1,156,000 in total assets, which included approximately $917,600 in total loans, and approximately$887,600 in total deposits.
The acquisition is expected to close in the third quarter of 2017 and is subject to regulatory approval, Metropolitan shareholder approval, and other customary conditions set forth in the merger agreement.
Redemption of Junior Subordinated Debentures - Heritage Financial Statutory Trust I
On February 22, 2017, the Company redeemed the Heritage Financial Statutory Trust I junior subordinated debentures. The debentures were redeemed for an aggregate amount of $10,520, which included the principal amount of $10,310 and a prepayment penalty of $210. Prior to the redemption, the Company obtained all required board and regulatory approval.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Based upon their evaluation as of December 31, 2016, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) are effective for ensuring that information the Company is required to disclose in reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its Principal Executive and Principal Financial Officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting and Attestation Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item is set forth under the headings “Report on Management’s Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting” and “Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes to internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Executive Officers of the Company
The information appearing under the heading “Executive Officers” in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders is incorporated herein by reference.
Code of Ethics
The Company has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics in compliance with Item 406 of Regulation S-K that applies to the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and controller. The Company’s Code of Ethics is available on its website at www.renasant.com by clicking on the following: “Investor Relations” - “Corporate Overview” - “Governance Documents” - “Code of Ethics.” Any person may request a free copy of the Code of Ethics from the
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Company by sending a request to the following address: Renasant Corporation, 209 Troy Street, Tupelo, Mississippi, 38804-4827, Attention: Chief Financial Officer. The Company intends to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05(c) of Form 8-K regarding an amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of the Company’s Code of Ethics by posting such information on its website, at the address specified above.
Directors of the Company, Shareholder Recommendations of Director Candidates, Audit Committee Members and Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
The information appearing under the headings “Board of Directors” and “Stock Ownership” in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information appearing under the headings “Board of Directors,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Compensation Committee Report,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Compensation Tables” in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information appearing under the heading “Stock Ownership” in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders is incorporated herein by reference.
The table below includes information as of December 31, 2016 about the Company’s equity compensation plans, both approved and not approved by the Company’s shareholders. These plans and arrangements are:
Shareholder-Approved Plans: As of December 31, 2016, the Company’s shareholder-approved equity compensation plans are as follows:

• | Renasant Corporation 2011 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan. Under this plan, a total of 1,737,600 shares of Company common stock are reserved for issuance; as of December 31, 2016, an aggregate of 1,183,232 shares of common stock remained available; and options to purchase an aggregate of 80,875 shares of common stock were outstanding.

• | Renasant Corporation 2001 Long-Term Incentive Plan. This plan expired on October 8, 2011, and no further grants or other awards may be made under the plan. As of December 31, 2016, options to purchase an aggregate of 104,750 shares of Company common stock remained outstanding.

Non-Shareholder Approved Plans and Arrangements: As of December 31, 2016, there was one equity-compensation plan that was not approved by the Company’s shareholders:

• | Under the Company’s Deferred Stock Unit Plan, an aggregate of 317,500 shares of Company common stock were reserved for issuance under the plan; as of December 31, 2016, units representing an aggregate of 228,647 shares of common stock were allocated to accounts, some of which has been distributed in the form of common stock.

Equity Compensation Plan Information at December 31, 2016
Plan category |  | (a) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights |  | (b) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights(1) |  | (c) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders |  | 185,625 |  |  | $ | 15.97 |  |  | 1,183,232 |
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 88,853 |
Total |  | 185,625 |  |  | $ | 15.97 |  |  | 1,272,085 |

(1) Does not take into account units allocated under the Deferred Stock Unit Plan.
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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information appearing under the heading “Board of Directors” in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information appearing under the heading “Independent Registered Public Accountants” in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders is incorporated herein by reference.
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PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) - (1) Financial Statements
The following consolidated financial statements and supplementary information for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 are included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data:
(i) |  | Report on Management’s Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
(ii) |  | Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
(iii) |  | Consolidated Balance Sheets – December 31, 2016 and 2015
(iv) |  | Consolidated Statements of Income – Years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
(v) |  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
(vi) |  | Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity – Years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
(vii) |  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
(viii) |  | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(a) - (2) Financial Statement Schedules
All schedules have been omitted because they are either not applicable or the required information has been included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
(a) - (3) Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K
(2)(i) |  | Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Renasant Corporation, Renasant Bank, First M&F Corporation and Merchants and Farmers Bank dated as of February 6, 2013, as amended(1)
(2)(ii) |  | Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Renasant Corporation, Renasant Bank, Heritage Financial Group, Inc. and HeritageBank of the South dated as of December 10, 2014(2)
(2)(iii) |  | Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Renasant Corporation, Renasant Bank and KeyWorth Bank dated as of October 20, 2015(3)
(2)(iv) |  | Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Renasant Corporation, Renasant Bank, Metropolitan BancGroup, Inc. and Metropolitan Bank dated as of January 17, 2017(4)
(3)(i) |  | Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended(5)
(3)(ii) |  | Restated Bylaws of the Company, as amended (6)
(4)(i) |  | Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended(5)
(4)(ii) |  | Restated Bylaws of the Company, as amended (6)
(4)(iii) |  | Subordinated Indenture dated August 22, 2016 between Renasant Corporation and Wilmington Trust, National Association(7)
(4)(iv) |  | First Supplemental Indenture dated August 22, 2016 between Renasant Corporation and Wilmington Trust, National Association(8)
(4)(v) |  | Second Supplemental Indenture dated August 22, 2016 between Renasant Corporation and Wilmington Trust, National Association(9)
(4)(vi) |  | Form of 5.0% Fixed-to-Floating Subordinated Note due 2026 (including in exhibit (4)(iv))
(4)(vii) |  | Form of 5.50% Fixed-to-Floating Subordinated Note due 2031 (including in exhibit (4)(v))
(10)(i) |  | The Peoples Holding Company 2001 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended*(10)
(10)(ii) |  | Renasant Corporation Deferred Stock Unit Plan, as amended*(11)
(10)(v) |  | Description of Performance Based Rewards Bonus Plan*(12)
(10)(vi) |  | Renasant Bank Executive Deferred Income Plan, as amended*(13)

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(10)(vii) |  | Renasant Bank Directors’ Deferred Fee Plan, as amended*(14)
(10)(viii) |  | Employment Agreement dated as of June 29, 2007 by and between R. Rick Hart and Renasant Corporation, as amended.*(15)
(10)(ix) |  | Termination and Release Agreement dated as of June 29, 2007 by and among R. Rick Hart, Capital Bancorp, Inc., Capital Bank & Trust Company and Renasant Corporation.*(16)
(10)(x) |  | Second Amendment to the Capital Bank & Trust Company Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan Agreement dated August 20, 2003 for R. Rick Hart, executed June 29, 2007.*(17)
(10)(xi) |  | Second Amendment to the Capital Bank & Trust Company Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan Agreement dated July 10, 2006 for R. Rick Hart, executed June 29, 2007.*(18)
(10)(xii) |  | Supplemental Agreement to the Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2001 Stock Option Plan for R. Rick Hart, executed June 29, 2007.*(19)
(10)(xiii) |  | Renasant Corporation Plan of Assumption of Capital Bancorp, Inc. 2001 Stock Option Plan*(20)
(10)(xiv) |  | Renasant Corporation Plan of Assumption of Capital Bancorp, Inc. Director Deferred Stock Compensation Plan*(21)
(10)(xv) |  | Executive Employment Agreement dated January 2, 2008 by and between E. Robinson McGraw and Renasant Corporation*(22)
(10)(xvi) |  | Renasant Corporation Severance Pay Plan*(23)
(10)(xvii) |  | The Renasant Corporation 2011 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended*(24)
(10)(xviii) |  | Renasant Corporation M&F Legacy Option Plan*(25)
(10)(xix) |  | Executive Employment Agreement dated December 10, 2014 by and between Heritage Financial Group, Inc. and O. Leonard Dorminey, as assumed by Renasant Corporation pursuant to that certain Assumption Agreement dated as of June 26, 2015 by and between Renasant Corporation and O. Leonard Dorminey* (26)
(10)(xx) |  | Executive Employment Agreement dated January 12, 2016, between Renasant Corporation and Kevin D. Chapman*(27)
(10)(xxi) |  | Executive Employment Agreement dated January 12, 2016, between Renasant Corporation and C. Mitchell Waycaster*(28)
(10)(xxii) |  | Executive Employment Agreement dated January 12, 2016, between Renasant Corporation and Michael D. Ross(29)
(10)(xxiii) |  | Termination Agreement among the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”), in its capacity as receiver of each of Crescent Bank & Trust Company, Jasper, Georgia, American Trust Bank, Roswell, Georgia, Citizens Bank of Effingham, Springfield, Georgia, and First Southern National Bank, Statesboro, Georgia, the FDIC and Renasant Bank, dated as of December 8, 2016(30)
(10)(xxiv) |  | Separation Agreement between Renasant Corporation and Michael D. Ross*(31)
(12) |  | Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
(21) |  | Subsidiaries of the Registrant
(23) |  | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
(31)(i) |  | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer, as required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(31)(ii) |  | Certification of the Principal Financial Officer, as required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(32)(i) |  | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer, as required pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(32)(ii) |  | Certification of the Principal Financial Officer, as required pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

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(101) |  | The following materials from Renasant Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 were formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

* | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to this Form 10-K pursuant to Item 15(b) of Form 10-K.
(1) | Filed as exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 11, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.
(2) | Filed as exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 15, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
(3) | Filed as exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 23, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.
(4) | Filed as exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 19, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.
(5) | Filed as exhibit 3.1 to the Form 10-Q of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 10, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.
(6) | Filed as exhibit 3.2 to the Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Form S-4 Registration Statement of the Company (File No. 333-208753) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 29, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.
(7) | Filed as exhibit 4.1 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.
(8) | Filed as exhibit 4.2 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.
(9) | Filed as exhibit 4.3 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.
(10) | Filed as exhibits 4.1 and 4.2 to the Form S-8 Registration Statement of the Company (File No. 333-102152) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 23, 2002 and, as to Amendment No. 1 to the plan, as Appendix B to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2005, and, as to Amendment No. 2 to the plan, as Exhibit 99.1 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 19, 2006, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
(11) | Filed as exhibits 4.3 and 4.4 to the Form S-8 Registration Statement of the Company (File No. 333-102152) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 23, 2002, and, as to the amendment and restatement of the plan, as exhibit 99.2 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 19, 2006, and, as to the amendments to the amended and restated plan, as exhibit 99.1 to the Form S-8 Registration Statement of the Company (File No. 333-141185) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2007, as exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2009, and as exhibit 99.1 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 23, 2012, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
(12) | Filed under Item 1.01 of the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 3, 2005 and incorporated herein by reference.
(13) | Filed as exhibit 99.1 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 5, 2007, and, as to the first amendment of the plan, as exhibit 10.3 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2009, each of which is incorporated herein by reference, and, as to the subsequent amendment of the plan, as exhibit 10.1 attached hereto.
(14) | Filed as exhibit 99.2 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 5, 2007, and, as to the first amendment of the plan, as exhibit 10.4 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2009, each of which is incorporated herein by reference, and, as to the subsequent amendment of the plan, as exhibit 10.2 attached hereto.
(15) | Filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 6, 2007, and, as to the amendment to the employment agreement, as exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 7, 2012, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
(16) | Filed as exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 6, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.
(17) | Filed as exhibit 10.5 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 6, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.

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(18) | Filed as exhibit 10.6 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 6, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.
(19) | Filed as exhibit 10.9 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 6, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.
(20) | Filed as exhibit 99.1 to the Form S-8 Registration Statement of the Company (File No. 333-144694) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 19, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.
(21) | Filed as exhibit 99.2 to the Form S-8 Registration Statement of the Company (File No. 333-144694) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 19, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.
(22) | Filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 7, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference.
(23) | Filed as exhibit 10.5 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference.
(24) | Filed as Exhibit A to the Definitive Proxy Statement of the Company (File No. 001-13253) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 17, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference and , as to the subsequent amendment of the plan, attached as exhibit 10.3 hereto.
(25) | Filed as exhibit 10(i) to the Form 10-Q of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 8, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.
(26) | Filed as exhibits 10(i) and 10(ii), respectively, to the Form 10-Q of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 7, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.
(27) | Filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 13, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.
(28) | Filed as exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 13, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.
(29) | Filed as exhibit 10.3 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 13, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.
(30) | Filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 9, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.
(31) | Filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K/A of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 8, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.

The Company does not have any long-term debt instruments under which securities are authorized exceeding ten percent of the total assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The Company will furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon its request, a copy of all long-term debt instruments.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | RENASANT CORPORATION |
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ E. Robinson McGraw |
|  |  |  | E. Robinson McGraw |
|  |  |  | Chairman and |
|  |  |  | Chief Executive Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ George H. Booth, II |
|  |  |  | George H. Booth, II |
|  |  |  | Director |
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ Frank B. Brooks |
|  |  |  | Frank B. Brooks |
|  |  |  | Director |
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ Kevin D. Chapman |
|  |  |  | Kevin D. Chapman |
|  |  |  | Executive Vice President and |
|  |  |  | Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  |  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ Hollis C. Cheek |
|  |  |  | Hollis C. Cheek |
|  |  |  | Director |
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ John M. Creekmore |
|  |  |  | John M. Creekmore |
|  |  |  | Vice Chairman of the Board and Director
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ Albert J. Dale, III |
|  |  |  | Albert J. Dale, III |
|  |  |  | Director |
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ Jill V. Deer |
|  |  |  | Jill V. Deer |
|  |  |  | Director |
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ Marshall H. Dickerson |
|  |  |  | Marshall H. Dickerson |
|  |  |  | Director |

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Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ John T. Foy |
|  |  |  | John T. Foy |
|  |  |  | Director |
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ R. Rick Hart |
|  |  |  | R. Rick Hart |
|  |  |  | Executive Vice President and Director
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ Richard L. Heyer, Jr. |
|  |  |  | Richard L. Heyer, Jr. |
|  |  |  | Director |
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ Neal A. Holland, Jr. |
|  |  |  | Neal A. Holland, Jr. |
|  |  |  | Director |
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ E. Robinson McGraw |
|  |  |  | E. Robinson McGraw |
|  |  |  | Chairman of the Board, Director, |
|  |  |  | and Chief Executive Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Executive Officer) |
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ J. Niles McNeel |
|  |  |  | J. Niles McNeel |
|  |  |  | Director |
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ Hugh S. Potts, Jr. |
|  |  |  | Hugh S. Potts, Jr. |
|  |  |  | Director |
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ Fred F. Sharpe |
|  |  |  | Fred F. Sharpe |
|  |  |  | Director |
Date: | February 27, 2017 | by: |  | /s/ Michael D. Shmerling |
|  |  |  | Michael D. Shmerling |
|  |  |  | Director |

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number |  | Description
(10.1) |  | Amendment to Renasant Corporation Executive Deferred Income Plan dated as of December 22, 2016
(10.2) |  | Amendment to Renasant Corporation Directors’ Deferred Fee Plan dated as of December 22, 2016
(10.3) |  | Amendment No. 3 to Renasant Corporation Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan dated as of December 20, 2016
(12) |  | Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
(21) |  | Subsidiaries of the Registrant
(23) |  | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
(31)(i) |  | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer, as required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(31)(ii) |  | Certification of the Principal Financial Officer, as required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(32)(i) |  | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer, as required pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(32)(ii) |  | Certification of the Principal Financial Officer, as required pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(101) |  | The following materials from Renasant Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 were formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.