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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
________________________________________________________
(Mark One)

☒ | Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024
Or

☐ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 001-13253
________________________________________________________
RENASANT CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
________________________________________________________

Mississippi |  | 64-0676974
(State or other jurisdiction of |  | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) |  | Identification No.)

209 Troy Street, | Tupelo, | Mississippi |  | 38804-4827
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(662) 680-1001
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $5.00 par value per share | RNST | The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Table of Contents
As of October 31, 2024, 63,565,690 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $5.00 par value per share, were outstanding.

Table of Contents
Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Form 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2024
CONTENTS

|  | Page
PART I | Financial Information |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets | 1
| Consolidated Statements of Income | 2
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 47
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 73
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 73
PART II | Other Information |
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 74
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 77
Item 5. | Other Information | 78
Item 6. | Exhibits | 78
SIGNATURES | 80

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

| (Unaudited) |  |
| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Assets |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 228,937 |  |  | $ | 206,680 |
Interest-bearing balances with banks | 1,046,683 |  |  | 594,671 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 1,275,620 |  |  | 801,351 |
Securities held to maturity (net of allowance for credit losses of $32 at each of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023) (fair value of $1,068,968 and $1,121,830, respectively) | 1,150,531 |  |  | 1,221,464 |
Securities available for sale, at fair value | 764,844 |  |  | 923,279 |
Loans held for sale, at fair value | 291,735 |  |  | 179,756 |
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income | 12,627,648 |  |  | 12,351,230 |
Allowance for credit losses on loans | (200,378) |  |  | (198,578) |
Loans, net | 12,427,270 |  |  | 12,152,652 |
Premises and equipment, net | 280,550 |  |  | 283,195 |
Other real estate owned, net | 9,136 |  |  | 9,622 |
Goodwill | 988,898 |  |  | 991,665 |
Other intangible assets, net | 15,238 |  |  | 18,795 |
Bank-owned life insurance | 389,138 |  |  | 382,584 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 71,990 |  |  | 91,688 |
Other assets | 293,890 |  |  | 304,484 |
Total assets | $ | 17,958,840 |  |  | $ | 17,360,535 |
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |
Deposits |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing | $ | 3,529,801 |  |  | $ | 3,583,675 |
Interest-bearing | 10,979,950 |  |  | 10,493,110 |
Total deposits | 14,509,751 |  |  | 14,076,785 |
Short-term borrowings | 108,732 |  |  | 307,577 |
Long-term debt | 433,177 |  |  | 429,400 |
Other liabilities | 249,102 |  |  | 249,390 |
Total liabilities | 15,300,762 |  |  | 15,063,152 |
Shareholders’ equity |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value – 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $5.00 par value – 150,000,000 shares authorized; 66,484,225 and 59,296,725 shares issued, respectively; 63,564,028 and 56,142,207 shares outstanding, respectively | 332,421 |  |  | 296,483 |
Treasury stock, at cost – 2,920,197 and 3,154,518 shares, respectively | (97,251) |  |  | (105,249) |
Additional paid-in capital | 1,488,678 |  |  | 1,308,281 |
Retained earnings | 1,063,324 |  |  | 952,124 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes | (129,094) |  |  | (154,256) |
Total shareholders’ equity | 2,658,078 |  |  | 2,297,383 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 17,958,840 |  |  | $ | 17,360,535 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
1

Table of Contents
Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans | $ | 206,867 |  |  | $ | 184,880 |  |  | $ | 603,492 |  |  | $ | 524,592 |
Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | 9,212 |  |  | 9,439 |  |  | 27,975 |  |  | 34,992 |
Tax-exempt | 1,092 |  |  | 1,230 |  |  | 3,439 |  |  | 4,768 |
Other | 11,872 |  |  | 10,128 |  |  | 27,527 |  |  | 22,536 |
Total interest income | 229,043 |  |  | 205,677 |  |  | 662,433 |  |  | 586,888 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 90,787 |  |  | 70,906 |  |  | 261,021 |  |  | 155,163 |
Borrowings | 7,258 |  |  | 7,388 |  |  | 22,098 |  |  | 38,351 |
Total interest expense | 98,045 |  |  | 78,294 |  |  | 283,119 |  |  | 193,514 |
Net interest income | 130,998 |  |  | 127,383 |  |  | 379,314 |  |  | 393,374 |
Provision for credit losses on loans | 1,210 |  |  | 5,315 |  |  | 8,148 |  |  | 16,275 |
Recovery of credit losses on unfunded commitments | (275) |  |  | (700) |  |  | (1,475) |  |  | (3,200) |
Provision for credit losses | 935 |  |  | 4,615 |  |  | 6,673 |  |  | 13,075 |
Net interest income after provision for credit losses | 130,063 |  |  | 122,768 |  |  | 372,641 |  |  | 380,299 |
Noninterest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 10,438 |  |  | 9,743 |  |  | 31,230 |  |  | 28,596 |
Fees and commissions | 4,116 |  |  | 4,108 |  |  | 12,009 |  |  | 13,771 |
Insurance commissions | — |  |  | 3,264 |  |  | 5,474 |  |  | 8,519 |
Wealth management revenue | 5,835 |  |  | 5,986 |  |  | 17,188 |  |  | 16,464 |
Mortgage banking income | 8,447 |  |  | 7,533 |  |  | 29,515 |  |  | 25,821 |
Gain on sale of insurance agency | 53,349 |  |  | — |  |  | 53,349 |  |  | — |
Gain on debt extinguishment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |  |  | — |
Net loss on sales of securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (22,438) |
BOLI income | 2,858 |  |  | 2,469 |  |  | 8,250 |  |  | 7,874 |
Other | 4,256 |  |  | 5,097 |  |  | 12,371 |  |  | 14,112 |
Total noninterest income | 89,299 |  |  | 38,200 |  |  | 169,442 |  |  | 92,719 |
Noninterest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits | 71,307 |  |  | 69,458 |  |  | 213,508 |  |  | 209,927 |
Data processing | 4,133 |  |  | 3,907 |  |  | 11,885 |  |  | 11,224 |
Net occupancy and equipment | 11,415 |  |  | 11,548 |  |  | 34,648 |  |  | 34,818 |
Other real estate owned | 56 |  |  | (120) |  |  | 268 |  |  | (39) |
Professional fees | 3,189 |  |  | 3,338 |  |  | 9,732 |  |  | 10,817 |
Advertising and public relations | 3,677 |  |  | 3,474 |  |  | 12,370 |  |  | 11,642 |
Intangible amortization | 1,160 |  |  | 1,311 |  |  | 3,558 |  |  | 4,106 |
Communications | 2,176 |  |  | 2,006 |  |  | 6,312 |  |  | 6,212 |
Merger and conversion related expenses | 11,273 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,273 |  |  | — |
Other | 13,597 |  |  | 13,447 |  |  | 43,317 |  |  | 39,035 |
Total noninterest expense | 121,983 |  |  | 108,369 |  |  | 346,871 |  |  | 327,742 |
Income before income taxes | 97,379 |  |  | 52,599 |  |  | 195,212 |  |  | 145,276 |
Income taxes | 24,924 |  |  | 10,766 |  |  | 44,502 |  |  | 28,722 |
Net income | $ | 72,455 |  |  | $ | 41,833 |  |  | $ | 150,710 |  |  | $ | 116,554 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.18 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 2.60 |  |  | $ | 2.08 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.18 |  |  | $ | 0.74 |  |  | $ | 2.59 |  |  | $ | 2.07 |
Cash dividends per common share | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.66 |  |  | $ | 0.66 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
2

Table of Contents
Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(In Thousands)

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income | $ | 72,455 |  |  | $ | 41,833 |  |  | $ | 150,710 |  |  | $ | 116,554 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities | 23,441 |  |  | (12,883) |  |  | 19,275 |  |  | (13,282) |
Reclassification adjustment for losses realized in net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,816 |
Amortization of unrealized holding losses on securities transferred to the held to maturity category | 2,331 |  |  | 2,947 |  |  | 7,190 |  |  | 7,527 |
Total securities available for sale | 25,772 |  |  | (9,936) |  |  | 26,465 |  |  | 11,061 |
Derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding (losses) gains on derivative instruments | (828) |  |  | 1,987 |  |  | (1,539) |  |  | (1,606) |
Total derivative instruments | (828) |  |  | 1,987 |  |  | (1,539) |  |  | (1,606) |
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of net actuarial loss recognized in net periodic pension cost | 78 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 258 |
Total defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans | 78 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 258 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 25,022 |  |  | (7,863) |  |  | 25,162 |  |  | 9,713 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 97,477 |  |  | $ | 33,970 |  |  | $ | 175,872 |  |  | $ | 126,267 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

Table of Contents
Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

| Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1, 2024 | 56,142,207 |  |  | $ | 296,483 |  |  | $ | (105,249) |  |  | $ | 1,308,281 |  |  | $ | 952,124 |  |  | $ | (154,256) |  |  | $ | 2,297,383 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,409 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,409 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,687) |  |  | (2,687) |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 36,722 |
Cash dividends ($0.22 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,653) |  |  | — |  |  | (12,653) |
Issuance of common stock for stock-based compensation awards | 162,653 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,566 |  |  | (8,660) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,094) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,992 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,992 |
Balance at March 31, 2024 | 56,304,860 |  |  | $ | 296,483 |  |  | $ | (99,683) |  |  | $ | 1,303,613 |  |  | $ | 978,880 |  |  | $ | (156,943) |  |  | $ | 2,322,350 |
Net income | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,846 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,846 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,827 |  |  | 2,827 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 41,673 |
Cash dividends ($0.22 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,640) |  |  | — |  |  | (12,640) |
Issuance of common stock for stock-based compensation awards | 63,064 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,149 |  |  | (2,205) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (56) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,374 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,374 |
Balance at June 30, 2024 | 56,367,924 |  |  | $ | 296,483 |  |  | $ | (97,534) |  |  | $ | 1,304,782 |  |  | $ | 1,005,086 |  |  | $ | (154,116) |  |  | $ | 2,354,701 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 72,455 |  |  |  |  | $ | 72,455 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,022 |  |  | 25,022 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 97,477 |
Cash dividends ($0.22 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,217) |  |  | — |  |  | (14,217) |
Common stock issued in public offering | 7,187,500 |  |  | 35,938 |  |  | — |  |  | 181,062 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 217,000 |
Issuance of common stock for stock-based compensation awards | 8,604 |  |  | — |  |  | 283 |  |  | (439) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (156) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,273 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,273 |
Balance at September 30, 2024 | 63,564,028 |  |  | $ | 332,421 |  |  | $ | (97,251) |  |  | $ | 1,488,678 |  |  | $ | 1,063,324 |  |  | $ | (129,094) |  |  | $ | 2,658,078 |

4

Table of Contents

| Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1, 2023 | 55,953,104 |  |  | $ | 296,483 |  |  | $ | (111,577) |  |  | $ | 1,302,422 |  |  | $ | 857,725 |  |  | $ | (209,037) |  |  | $ | 2,136,016 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 46,078 |  |  | — |  |  | 46,078 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,713 |  |  | 16,713 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 62,791 |
Cash dividends ($0.22 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,561) |  |  | — |  |  | (12,561) |
Issuance of common stock for stock-based compensation awards | 120,554 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,018 |  |  | (6,409) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,391) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,445 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,445 |
Balance at March 31, 2023 | 56,073,658 |  |  | $ | 296,483 |  |  | $ | (107,559) |  |  | $ | 1,299,458 |  |  | $ | 891,242 |  |  | $ | (192,324) |  |  | $ | 2,187,300 |
Net income | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,643 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,643 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 863 |  |  | 863 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29,506 |
Cash dividends ($0.22 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,573) |  |  | — |  |  | (12,573) |
Issuance of common stock for stock-based compensation awards | 58,820 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,970 |  |  | (970) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,000 |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,395 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,395 |
Balance at June 30, 2023 | 56,132,478 |  |  | $ | 296,483 |  |  | $ | (105,589) |  |  | $ | 1,301,883 |  |  | $ | 907,312 |  |  | $ | (191,461) |  |  | $ | 2,208,628 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 41,833 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 41,833 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,863) |  |  | (7,863) |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33,970 |
Cash dividends ($0.22 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,572) |  |  | — |  |  | (12,572) |
Issuance of common stock for stock-based compensation awards | 8,235 |  |  | — |  |  | 289 |  |  | (416) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (127) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,424 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,424 |
Balance at September 30, 2023 | 56,140,713 |  |  | $ | 296,483 |  |  | $ | (105,300) |  |  | $ | 1,304,891 |  |  | $ | 936,573 |  |  | $ | (199,324) |  |  | $ | 2,233,323 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents
Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(In Thousands)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Operating activities |  |  |
Net income | $ | 150,710 |  |  | $ | 116,554 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Provision for credit losses | 6,673 |  |  | 13,075 |
Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 23,780 |  |  | 26,723 |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) | 2,494 |  |  | (1,231) |
Proceeds from sale of MSR | 23,011 |  |  | — |
Gain on sale of MSR | (3,472) |  |  | — |
Gain on sale of insurance agency | (53,349) |  |  | — |
Funding of mortgage loans held for sale | (1,053,190) |  |  | (1,057,277) |
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale | 954,133 |  |  | 934,761 |
Gains on sales of mortgage loans held for sale | (14,233) |  |  | (12,639) |
Losses on sales of securities | — |  |  | 22,438 |
Debt prepayment benefit | (56) |  |  | — |
Losses on sales of premises and equipment | 11 |  |  | 8 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 10,639 |  |  | 10,264 |
Increase in other assets | (8,108) |  |  | (30,741) |
(Decrease) increase in other liabilities | (1,712) |  |  | 26,189 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 37,331 |  |  | 48,124 |
Investing activities |  |  |
Purchases of securities available for sale | (60,656) |  |  | (9,646) |
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale | 177,185 |  |  | 488,981 |
Proceeds from call/maturities of securities available for sale | 66,310 |  |  | 124,150 |
Proceeds from call/maturities of securities held to maturity | 76,170 |  |  | 83,945 |
Net increase in loans | (283,266) |  |  | (607,335) |
Purchases of premises and equipment | (10,408) |  |  | (16,394) |
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment | 339 |  |  | — |
Net cash received from sale of insurance agency | 55,333 |  |  | — |
Net change in FHLB stock | 2,443 |  |  | 20,794 |
Proceeds from sales of other assets | 1,466 |  |  | 2,833 |
Other, net | 656 |  |  | 1,844 |
Net cash provided by investing activities | 25,572 |  |  | 89,172 |
Financing activities |  |  |
Net decrease in noninterest-bearing deposits | (53,874) |  |  | (824,559) |
Net increase in interest-bearing deposits | 486,840 |  |  | 1,494,703 |
Net decrease in short-term borrowings | (198,845) |  |  | (604,570) |
Repayment of long-term debt | (245) |  |  | — |
Cash paid for dividends | (39,510) |  |  | (37,706) |
Proceeds from equity offering | 217,000 |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 411,366 |  |  | 27,868 |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 474,269 |  |  | 165,164 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 801,351 |  |  | 575,992 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 1,275,620 |  |  | $ | 741,156 |
Supplemental disclosures |  |  |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 286,930 |  |  | $ | 153,732 |
Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 27,412 |  |  | $ | 30,922 |
Noncash transactions: |  |  |
Transfers of loans to other real estate owned | $ | 3,286 |  |  | $ | 10,073 |
Recognition of operating right-of-use assets | $ | 2,503 |  |  | $ | 3,077 |
Recognition of operating lease liabilities | $ | 2,503 |  |  | $ | 3,077 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents
Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(In Thousands)
Nature of Operations: Renasant Corporation (referred to herein as the “Company”) owns and operates Renasant Bank (“Renasant Bank” or the “Bank”), Renasant Insurance, Inc., Park Place Capital Corporation and Continental Republic Capital, LLC (doing business as “Republic Business Credit”). On July 1, 2024, the Bank sold substantially all of the assets of Renasant Insurance, Inc. Through its subsidiaries, the Company offers a diversified range of financial, wealth management and fiduciary services to its retail and commercial customers from offices located throughout the Southeast and offers factoring and asset-based lending on a nationwide basis.
Basis of Presentation: The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. For further information regarding the Company’s significant accounting policies, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 23, 2024.
Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material.
Impact of Recently-Issued Accounting Standards and Pronouncements:
In March 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-02, “Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method” (“ASU 2023-02”), which permits reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. ASU 2023-02 was effective on January 1, 2024. The adoption of this accounting pronouncement did not have an impact on the Company’s historical financial statements but could influence the Company’s decisions with respect to investments in certain tax credits prospectively.
In October 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-06, “Disclosure Improvements” (“ASU 2023-06”), which amends the disclosure requirements related to various subtopics in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (the “Codification”). ASU 2023-06 adds a number of disclosure requirements to the Codification in response to the SEC initiative to update and simplify disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-06 is to be applied prospectively, and early adoption is prohibited. For SEC reporting entities, the effective dates will be the respective effective dates of the SEC’s removal of the related disclosure requirements from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K. If by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the applicable requirement from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K, the pending content of the related amendment will be removed from the Codification and will not become effective for any entities. ASU 2023-06 is not expected to have significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.
In November 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”), which amends the disclosure requirements related to segment reporting primarily through enhanced disclosure about significant segment expenses and by requiring disclosure of segment information on an annual and interim basis. ASU 2023-07 was effective January 1, 2024 and did not have a significant impact on our financial statements or segment disclosures.
In December 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”), which enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 will require disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. Entities will also be required to disclose income/(loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense/(benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign, as well as income tax expense/(benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state and foreign. ASU 2023-09 is effective January 1, 2025 and is not expected to have a significant impact on our financial statements.
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Table of Contents
Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 2 – Securities
(In Thousands, Except Number of Securities)
The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale were as follows as of the dates presented in the tables below.
There was no allowance for credit losses allocated to any of the Company’s available for sale securities as of September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  |  | Fair Value
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | $ | 20,310 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | (1,878) |  |  |  |  | $ | 18,562 |
Residential mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 191,650 |  |  | 374 |  |  | (19,177) |  |  |  |  | 172,847 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 408,364 |  |  | — |  |  | (71,481) |  |  |  |  | 336,883 |
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 6,010 |  |  | — |  |  | (466) |  |  |  |  | 5,544 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 137,474 |  |  | 192 |  |  | (19,224) |  |  |  |  | 118,442 |
Other debt securities | 114,637 |  |  | 605 |  |  | (2,676) |  |  |  |  | 112,566 |
| $ | 878,445 |  |  | $ | 1,301 |  |  | $ | (114,902) |  |  |  |  | $ | 764,844 |

| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | $ | 36,374 |  |  | $ | 119 |  |  | $ | (1,883) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 34,610 |
Residential mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 301,400 |  |  | 172 |  |  | (24,968) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 276,604 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 485,164 |  |  | — |  |  | (85,883) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 399,281 |
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 6,029 |  |  | — |  |  | (637) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,392 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 161,299 |  |  | 24 |  |  | (21,965) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 139,358 |
Other debt securities | 72,383 |  |  | 109 |  |  | (4,458) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 68,034 |
| $ | 1,062,649 |  |  | $ | 424 |  |  | $ | (139,794) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 923,279 |

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Table of Contents
Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The amortized cost and fair value of securities held to maturity were as follows as of the dates presented:

| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | $ | 285,450 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | (34,861) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 250,627 |
Residential mortgage backed securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 386,654 |  |  | 14 |  |  | (11,742) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 374,926 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 363,095 |  |  | — |  |  | (23,736) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 339,359 |
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 16,966 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,404) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,562 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 43,966 |  |  | — |  |  | (6,326) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 37,640 |
Other debt securities | 54,432 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,578) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 51,854 |
| $ | 1,150,563 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | (81,647) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,068,968 |
Allowance for credit losses - held to maturity securities | (32) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held to maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses | $ | 1,150,531 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | $ | 288,154 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | (33,688) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 254,540 |
Residential mortgage backed securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 426,264 |  |  | — |  |  | (20,314) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 405,950 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 387,208 |  |  | — |  |  | (31,670) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 355,538 |
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 16,983 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,972) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,011 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 44,514 |  |  | — |  |  | (6,977) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 37,537 |
Other debt securities | 58,373 |  |  | — |  |  | (4,119) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 54,254 |
| $ | 1,221,496 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | (99,740) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,121,830 |
Allowance for credit losses - held to maturity securities | (32) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held to maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses | $ | 1,221,464 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Securities sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are presented in the tables below. With respect to the securities sold during the first nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company intended to sell these securities as of December 31, 2023, and completed the sale in January 2024. Therefore, the Company impaired the securities and recognized the loss in net income as of December 31, 2023. There were no securities sold during the third quarters of 2024 or 2023.
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Table of Contents
Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| Carrying Value Immediately Prior to Sale |  | Net Proceeds |  | Impairment (Recognized in December 2023)
Nine months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | $ | 12,301 |  |  | $ | 11,360 |  |  | $ | (941) |
Residential mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 107,389 |  |  | 95,922 |  |  | (11,467) |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 48,300 |  |  | 43,990 |  |  | (4,310) |
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 28,547 |  |  | 25,913 |  |  | (2,634) |
| $ | 196,537 |  |  | $ | 177,185 |  |  | $ | (19,352) |

| Carrying Value Immediately Prior to Sale |  | Net Proceeds |  | Impairment
Nine months ended September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations | $ | 170,000 |  |  | $ | 164,915 |  |  | $ | (5,085) |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 104,950 |  |  | 99,439 |  |  | (5,511) |
Residential mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 137,196 |  |  | 130,602 |  |  | (6,594) |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 54,028 |  |  | 51,101 |  |  | (2,927) |
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 5,048 |  |  | 4,825 |  |  | (223) |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 40,197 |  |  | 38,099 |  |  | (2,098) |
| $ | 511,419 |  |  | $ | 488,981 |  |  | $ | (22,438) |

At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, securities with a carrying value of $796,621 and $880,715, respectively, were pledged to secure government, public and trust deposits. Securities with a carrying value of $27,542 and $14,329 were pledged as collateral for short-term borrowings and derivative instruments at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
The amortized cost and fair value of securities at September 30, 2024 by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| Held to Maturity |  | Available for Sale
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Due within one year | $ | 1,308 |  |  | $ | 1,293 |  |  | $ | 998 |  |  | $ | 1,046 |
Due after one year through five years | 6,268 |  |  | 5,963 |  |  | 42,107 |  |  | 42,171 |
Due after five years through ten years | 139,202 |  |  | 125,714 |  |  | 35,012 |  |  | 32,414 |
Due after ten years | 193,104 |  |  | 169,511 |  |  | 50,312 |  |  | 49,462 |
Residential mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 386,654 |  |  | 374,926 |  |  | 191,650 |  |  | 172,847 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 363,095 |  |  | 339,359 |  |  | 408,364 |  |  | 336,883 |
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 16,966 |  |  | 14,562 |  |  | 6,010 |  |  | 5,544 |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 43,966 |  |  | 37,640 |  |  | 137,474 |  |  | 118,442 |
Other debt securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,518 |  |  | 6,035 |
| $ | 1,150,563 |  |  | $ | 1,068,968 |  |  | $ | 878,445 |  |  | $ | 764,844 |

11

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The following tables present the age of gross unrealized losses and fair value by investment category for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded as of the dates presented:

| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
| # |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | # |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | # |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Available for Sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 7 |  | $ | 13,278 |  |  | $ | (1,878) |  |  | 7 |  | $ | 13,278 |  |  | $ | (1,878) |
Residential mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 2 |  |  | 3,914 |  |  | (61) |  |  | 34 |  | 152,229 |  |  | (19,116) |  |  | 36 |  | 156,143 |  |  | (19,177) |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  | 336,883 |  |  | (71,481) |  |  | 37 |  | 336,883 |  |  | (71,481) |
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  | 5,543 |  |  | (466) |  |  | 2 |  | 5,543 |  |  | (466) |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  | 107,597 |  |  | (19,224) |  |  | 25 |  | 107,597 |  |  | (19,224) |
Other debt securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |  | 34,337 |  |  | (2,676) |  |  | 18 |  | 34,337 |  |  | (2,676) |
Total | 2 |  | $ | 3,914 |  |  | $ | (61) |  |  | 123 |  | $ | 649,867 |  |  | $ | (114,841) |  |  | 125 |  | $ | 653,781 |  |  | $ | (114,902) |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 3 |  | $ | 2,914 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | 9 |  | $ | 15,198 |  |  | $ | (1,881) |  |  | 12 |  | $ | 18,112 |  |  | $ | (1,883) |
Residential mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | 1 |  | 806 |  |  | (25) |  |  | 35 |  | 166,963 |  |  | (24,943) |  |  | 36 |  | 167,769 |  |  | (24,968) |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  | 354,574 |  |  | (85,883) |  |  | 37 |  | 354,574 |  |  | (85,883) |
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  | 5,392 |  |  | (637) |  |  | 2 |  | 5,392 |  |  | (637) |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  | 108,575 |  |  | (21,965) |  |  | 25 |  | 108,575 |  |  | (21,965) |
Other debt securities | 2 |  | 3,099 |  |  | (195) |  |  | 19 |  | 35,072 |  |  | (4,263) |  |  | 21 |  | 38,171 |  |  | (4,458) |
Total | 6 |  | $ | 6,819 |  |  | $ | (222) |  |  | 127 |  | $ | 685,774 |  |  | $ | (139,572) |  |  | 133 |  | $ | 692,593 |  |  | $ | (139,794) |

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
| # |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | # |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | # |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Held to Maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 1 |  | $ | 2,370 |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  | 127 |  | $ | 246,559 |  |  | $ | (34,851) |  |  | 128 |  | $ | 248,929 |  |  | $ | (34,861) |
Residential mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 69 |  | 357,350 |  |  | (11,742) |  |  | 69 |  | 357,350 |  |  | (11,742) |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |  | 339,359 |  |  | (23,736) |  |  | 18 |  | 339,359 |  |  | (23,736) |
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | 14,562 |  |  | (2,404) |  |  | 1 |  | 14,562 |  |  | (2,404) |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  | 37,640 |  |  | (6,326) |  |  | 9 |  | 37,640 |  |  | (6,326) |
Other debt securities | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  | 51,854 |  |  | (2,578) |  |  | 10 |  | 51,854 |  |  | (2,578) |
Total | 1 |  | $ | 2,370 |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  | 234 |  | $ | 1,047,324 |  |  | $ | (81,637) |  |  | 235 |  | $ | 1,049,694 |  |  | $ | (81,647) |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 2 |  | $ | 2,807 |  |  | $ | (25) |  |  | 126 |  | $ | 249,995 |  |  | $ | (33,663) |  |  | 128 |  | $ | 252,802 |  |  | $ | (33,688) |
Residential mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 70 |  | 405,950 |  |  | (20,314) |  |  | 70 |  | 405,950 |  |  | (20,314) |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |  | 355,538 |  |  | (31,670) |  |  | 18 |  | 355,538 |  |  | (31,670) |
Commercial mortgage backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government agency mortgage backed securities | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | 14,011 |  |  | (2,972) |  |  | 1 |  | 14,011 |  |  | (2,972) |
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  | 37,537 |  |  | (6,977) |  |  | 9 |  | 37,537 |  |  | (6,977) |
Other debt securities | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  | 54,254 |  |  | (4,119) |  |  | 10 |  | 54,254 |  |  | (4,119) |
Total | 2 |  | $ | 2,807 |  |  | $ | (25) |  |  | 234 |  | $ | 1,117,285 |  |  | $ | (99,715) |  |  | 236 |  | $ | 1,120,092 |  |  | $ | (99,740) |

The Company evaluates its available for sale investment securities in an unrealized loss position on a quarterly basis. If the Company intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell before recovery, the entire unrealized loss is recorded as a loss within noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income along with a corresponding adjustment to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the Company evaluates if any of the unrealized loss is related to a potential credit loss. The amount related to credit loss, if any, is recognized in earnings as a provision for credit loss and a corresponding allowance for credit losses is established; each is calculated as the difference between the estimate of the discounted future contractual cash flows and the amortized cost basis of the security. A number of qualitative and quantitative factors are considered by management in the estimate of the discounted future contractual cash flows, including the financial condition of the underlying issuer, current and projected deferrals or defaults and credit ratings by nationally recognized statistical rating agencies. The remaining difference between the fair value and the amortized cost basis of the security is considered the amount related to other market factors and is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax.
As of September 30, 2024, the Company does not intend to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell any such security prior to the recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may be maturity. Furthermore, more than 90% of available for sale securities have the explicit or implicit backing of the federal government. Performance of these securities has been in line with broader market price performance, indicating that increases in market-based, risk-free rates, and not credit-related factors, are driving losses. When determining the fair value of
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
the contractual cash flows for municipal and corporate securities, the Company considers historical experience with credit sensitive securities, current market conditions, the financial condition of the underlying issuer, current credit ratings, ratings changes and outlook, explicit and implicit guarantees, or insurance programs. Based upon its review of these factors as of September 30, 2024, the Company determined that all such losses resulted from factors not deemed credit-related. As a result, no credit-related impairment was recognized in current earnings, and all unrealized losses for available for sale securities were recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). See Note 12, “Other Comprehensive Income” for more information on the Company’s unrealized losses on securities.
The allowance for credit losses on held to maturity securities was $32 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company monitors the credit quality of debt securities held to maturity using bond investment grades assigned by nationally recognized statistical ratings agencies. Updated investment grades are obtained as they become available from agencies. As of September 30, 2024, all of the amortized cost of debt securities held to maturity were rated A or higher by the ratings agencies.
Note 3 – Loans
(In Thousands, Except Number of Loans)
For purposes of this Note 3, all references to “loans” mean loans excluding loans held for sale.
The following is a summary of loans and leases as of the dates presented:

| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 1,804,961 |  |  | $ | 1,871,821 |
Lease financing | 103,005 |  |  | 122,807 |
Real estate – construction: |  |  |
Residential | 258,356 |  |  | 269,616 |
Commercial | 940,482 |  |  | 1,063,781 |
Total real estate – construction | 1,198,838 |  |  | 1,333,397 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |
Primary | 2,409,912 |  |  | 2,422,482 |
Home equity | 537,372 |  |  | 522,688 |
Rental/investment | 390,029 |  |  | 373,755 |
Land development | 102,725 |  |  | 120,994 |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 3,440,038 |  |  | 3,439,919 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |
Owner-occupied | 1,845,791 |  |  | 1,648,961 |
Non-owner occupied | 4,045,666 |  |  | 3,733,174 |
Land development | 103,695 |  |  | 104,415 |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | 5,995,152 |  |  | 5,486,550 |
Installment loans to individuals | 90,500 |  |  | 103,523 |
Gross loans | 12,632,494 |  |  | 12,358,017 |
Unearned income | (4,846) |  |  | (6,787) |
Loans, net of unearned income | $ | 12,627,648 |  |  | $ | 12,351,230 |

Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans
Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Generally, the recognition of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Consumer and other retail loans are typically charged-off no later than the time the loan is 120 days past due. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
such loans are considered past due. For loans that are placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off, all interest accrued for the current year but not collected is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual status. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
The following tables provide an aging of past due accruing and nonaccruing loans, segregated by class, as of the dates presented:

| Accruing Loans |  | Nonaccruing Loans |  |
| 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 Days or More Past Due |  | Current Loans |  | Total Loans |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 Days or More Past Due |  | Current Loans |  | Total Loans |  | Total Loans
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 333 |  |  | $ | 309 |  |  | $ | 1,799,604 |  |  | $ | 1,800,246 |  |  | $ | 120 |  |  | $ | 720 |  |  | $ | 3,875 |  |  | $ | 4,715 |  |  | $ | 1,804,961 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | 102,391 |  |  | 102,391 |  |  | — |  |  | 614 |  |  | — |  |  | 614 |  |  | 103,005 |
Real estate – construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | 653 |  |  | 1,168 |  |  | 256,396 |  |  | 258,217 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 139 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 258,356 |
Commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  | 940,482 |  |  | 940,482 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 940,482 |
Total real estate – construction | 653 |  |  | 1,168 |  |  | 1,196,878 |  |  | 1,198,699 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 139 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 1,198,838 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary | 8,902 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,345,934 |  |  | 2,354,836 |  |  | 7,742 |  |  | 27,460 |  |  | 19,874 |  |  | 55,076 |  |  | 2,409,912 |
Home equity | 3,414 |  |  | — |  |  | 530,662 |  |  | 534,076 |  |  | 731 |  |  | 1,235 |  |  | 1,330 |  |  | 3,296 |  |  | 537,372 |
Rental/investment | 315 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 388,787 |  |  | 389,119 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 752 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 910 |  |  | 390,029 |
Land development | — |  |  | — |  |  | 102,703 |  |  | 102,703 |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | 102,725 |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 12,631 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 3,368,086 |  |  | 3,380,734 |  |  | 8,513 |  |  | 29,447 |  |  | 21,344 |  |  | 59,304 |  |  | 3,440,038 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | 2,397 |  |  | 3,822 |  |  | 1,833,784 |  |  | 1,840,003 |  |  | — |  |  | 843 |  |  | 4,945 |  |  | 5,788 |  |  | 1,845,791 |
Non-owner occupied | 442 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,005,280 |  |  | 4,005,722 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,054 |  |  | 38,890 |  |  | 39,944 |  |  | 4,045,666 |
Land development | 356 |  |  | — |  |  | 100,170 |  |  | 100,526 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | 3,154 |  |  | 3,169 |  |  | 103,695 |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | 3,195 |  |  | 3,822 |  |  | 5,939,234 |  |  | 5,946,251 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,912 |  |  | 46,989 |  |  | 48,901 |  |  | 5,995,152 |
Installment loans to individuals | 711 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 89,555 |  |  | 90,301 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 199 |  |  | 90,500 |
Unearned income | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,846) |  |  | (4,846) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,846) |
Loans, net of unearned income | $ | 17,523 |  |  | $ | 5,351 |  |  | $ | 12,490,902 |  |  | $ | 12,513,776 |  |  | $ | 8,685 |  |  | $ | 32,750 |  |  | $ | 72,437 |  |  | $ | 113,872 |  |  | $ | 12,627,648 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| Accruing Loans |  | Nonaccruing Loans |  |
| 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 Days or More Past Due |  | Current Loans |  | Total Loans |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 Days or More Past Due |  | Current Loans |  | Total Loans |  | Total Loans
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 1,098 |  |  | $ | 483 |  |  | $ | 1,864,441 |  |  | $ | 1,866,022 |  |  | $ | 1,310 |  |  | $ | 1,296 |  |  | $ | 3,193 |  |  | $ | 5,799 |  |  | $ | 1,871,821 |
Lease financing | 687 |  |  | — |  |  | 122,120 |  |  | 122,807 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 122,807 |
Real estate – construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | — |  |  | — |  |  | 269,616 |  |  | 269,616 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 269,616 |
Commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,063,781 |  |  | 1,063,781 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,063,781 |
Total real estate – construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,333,397 |  |  | 1,333,397 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,333,397 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary | 33,679 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,344,629 |  |  | 2,378,308 |  |  | 9,454 |  |  | 19,394 |  |  | 15,326 |  |  | 44,174 |  |  | 2,422,482 |
Home equity | 3,004 |  |  | — |  |  | 516,835 |  |  | 519,839 |  |  | 987 |  |  | 868 |  |  | 994 |  |  | 2,849 |  |  | 522,688 |
Rental/investment | 9 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 371,508 |  |  | 371,575 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 1,786 |  |  | 351 |  |  | 2,180 |  |  | 373,755 |
Land development | 206 |  |  | — |  |  | 120,769 |  |  | 120,975 |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | 120,994 |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 36,898 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 3,353,741 |  |  | 3,390,697 |  |  | 10,484 |  |  | 22,067 |  |  | 16,671 |  |  | 49,222 |  |  | 3,439,919 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | 4,867 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,640,721 |  |  | 1,645,588 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 1,904 |  |  | 1,338 |  |  | 3,373 |  |  | 1,648,961 |
Non-owner occupied | 9,161 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,714,239 |  |  | 3,723,400 |  |  | 6,740 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,034 |  |  | 9,774 |  |  | 3,733,174 |
Land development | 90 |  |  | — |  |  | 104,025 |  |  | 104,115 |  |  | — |  |  | 259 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 104,415 |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | 14,118 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,458,985 |  |  | 5,473,103 |  |  | 6,871 |  |  | 2,163 |  |  | 4,413 |  |  | 13,447 |  |  | 5,486,550 |
Installment loans to individuals | 1,230 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 101,932 |  |  | 103,175 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 331 |  |  | 348 |  |  | 103,523 |
Unearned income | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,787) |  |  | (6,787) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,787) |
Loans, net of unearned income | $ | 54,031 |  |  | $ | 554 |  |  | $ | 12,227,829 |  |  | $ | 12,282,414 |  |  | $ | 18,678 |  |  | $ | 25,530 |  |  | $ | 24,608 |  |  | $ | 68,816 |  |  | $ | 12,351,230 |

Certain Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
Certain modifications of loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay (including extension of the amortization period), or a term extension, excluding covenant waivers and modification of contingent acceleration clauses, are required to be disclosed in accordance with ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” (“ASU 2022-02”). All modifications for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and which met the disclosure criteria in ASU 2022-02 were performing in accordance with their modified terms at September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Unused commitments totaled $464 at September 30, 2024. There were $721 in unused commitments at September 30, 2023. Upon the Company’s determination that a modification has been subsequently deemed uncollectible, the loan, or portion of the loan, is charged off, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount, and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted accordingly. See Note 4, “Allowance for Credit Losses,” for more information on the allowance for credit losses.
The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing financial difficulty, modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and required to be disclosed under ASU 2022-02, by class of financing receivable and by type of modification. There were no modifications for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The percentage of the amortized cost basis for each class of disclosed modifications as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of loans is also presented below.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

|  |  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 |  |
|  |  | Term Extension |  |  |  | Payment Delay |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Interest Rate Reduction and Payment Delay |  | Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension and Payment Delay |  | Total |  | % Total Loans by Class |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | — | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate – construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary |  |  | 23 |  |  |  |  | 1,620 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 206 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,849 |  |  | 0.08 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity |  |  | 106 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 106 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental/investment |  |  | 36 |  |  |  |  | 548 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 584 |  |  | 0.15 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage |  |  | 165 |  |  |  |  | 2,168 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 206 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,539 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  |  | 1,086 |  |  |  |  | 206 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,292 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Installment loans to individuals |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, net of unearned income |  |  | $ | 1,251 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,427 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 206 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3,887 |  |  | 0.03 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
| Interest Rate Reduction |  | Term Extension |  |  |  | Payment Delay |  | Term Extension and Payment Delay |  | Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension |  | Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension and Payment Delay |  | Interest Rate Reduction and Payment Delay |  | Total |  | % Total Loans by Class
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 1,097 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,344 |  |  | 0.07 | %
Real estate – construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary | — |  |  | 56 |  |  |  |  | 1,806 |  |  | 442 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 206 |  |  | 2,510 |  |  | 0.10 |
Home equity | — |  |  | 106 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 106 |  |  | 0.02 |
Rental/investment | — |  |  | 36 |  |  |  |  | 548 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 584 |  |  | 0.15 |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | — |  |  | 198 |  |  |  |  | 2,354 |  |  | 442 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 206 |  |  | 3,200 |  |  | 0.09 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | 6,946 |  |  | 1,266 |  |  |  |  | 206 |  |  | — |  |  | 255 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,673 |  |  | 0.47 |
Non-owner occupied | — |  |  | 2,431 |  |  |  |  | 83 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,514 |  |  | 0.06 |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | 6,946 |  |  | 3,697 |  |  |  |  | 289 |  |  | — |  |  | 255 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,187 |  |  | 0.19 |
Installment loans to individuals | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | 0.02 |
Loans, net of unearned income | $ | 8,043 |  |  | $ | 3,964 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,709 |  |  | $ | 442 |  |  | $ | 255 |  |  | $ | 128 |  |  | $ | 206 |  |  | $ | 15,747 |  |  | 0.12 | %

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
| Interest Rate Reduction |  | Term Extension |  |  |  | Payment Delay |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | % Total Loans by Class
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,209 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,209 |  |  | 0.07 | %
Real estate – construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | — |  |  | 3,751 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,751 |  |  | 1.25 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity | 7 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | 149 |  |  | 96 |  |  |  |  | 277 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 522 |  |  | 0.03 |
Non-owner occupied | 1,008 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,008 |  |  | 0.03 |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | 1,157 |  |  | 96 |  |  |  |  | 277 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,530 |  |  | 0.03 | %
Loans, net of unearned income | $ | 1,164 |  |  | $ | 5,056 |  |  |  |  | $ | 277 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,497 |  |  | 0.05 | %

The following tables present the weighted average financial effect of loan modifications requiring disclosure under ASU 2022-02 by class of financing receivable for the periods presented.

Three months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan Type |  | Financial Effect
Term Extension |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage - Primary |  | Extended the term 90 months
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage - Home Equity |  | Extended the term 16 months
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage - Rental/investment |  | Extended the term 6 months
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage - Owner Occupied |  | Extended the term 8 months
Payment Delay |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural |  | Delayed the payment 8 months
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage - Primary |  | Delayed the payment 19 months
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage - Rental/investment |  | Delayed the payment 131 months
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage - Owner Occupied |  | Delayed the payment 40 months
Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Payment Delay |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage - Primary |  | Reduced the interest rate 25 basis points and delayed the payment 51 months
Combination - Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension and Payment Delay |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Installment loans to individuals |  | Reduced the interest rate 460 basis points and extended the term and delayed the payment 54 months

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Nine months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan Type |  | Financial Effect
Interest Rate Reduction |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural |  | Reduced the interest rate 39 basis points
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage - Owner Occupied |  | Reduced the interest rate 47 basis points
Term Extension |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural |  | Extended the term 8 months
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage - Primary |  | Extended the term 51 months
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage - Home Equity |  | Extended the term 16 months
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage - Rental/investment |  | Extended the term 6 months
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage - Owner Occupied |  | Extended the term 8 months
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage - Non-owner Occupied |  | Extended the term 8 months
Payment Delay |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural |  | Delayed the payment 8 months
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage - Primary |  | Delayed the payment 22 months
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage - Rental/investment |  | Delayed the payment 131 months
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage - Owner Occupied |  | Delayed the payment 40 months
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage - Non-owner Occupied |  | Delayed the payment 9 months
Installment loans to individuals |  | Delayed the payment 17 months
Combination - Term Extension and Payment Delay |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural |  | Extended the term and delayed the payment 42 months
Installment loans to individuals |  | Extended the term and delayed the payment 61 months
Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage - Owner Occupied |  | Reduced the interest rate 275 basis points and extended the term 21 months
Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Payment Delay |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage - Owner Occupied |  | Reduced the interest rate 25 basis points and delayed the payment 51 months
Combination - Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension and Payment Delay |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural |  | Reduced the interest rate 181 basis points and extended the term and delayed the payment 59 months
Installment loans to individuals |  | Reduced the interest rate 460 basis points and extended the term and delayed the payment 54 months

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan Type |  | Financial Effect
Interest Rate Reduction |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage - Home Equity |  | Reduced the interest rate 300 basis points
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage - Owner Occupied |  | Reduced the interest rate 68 basis points
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage - Non-owner Occupied |  | Reduced the interest rate 12 basis points
Term Extension |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural |  | Extended the term 2 months
Real estate – Construction - Residential |  | Extended the term 5 months
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage - Owner Occupied |  | Extended the term 8 months
Payment Delay |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage - Owner Occupied |  | Delayed the payment 3 months

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Credit Quality
For loans with a commercial purpose, internal risk-rating grades are assigned by lending, credit administration and loan review personnel, based on an analysis of the financial and collateral strength and other credit attributes underlying each loan. Management analyzes the resulting ratings, as well as other external statistics and factors such as delinquency, to track the migration performance of the portfolio balances of commercial and commercial real estate secured loans. Loan grades range between 10 and 95, with 10 being loans with the least credit risk. Loans within the “Pass” grade (those with a risk rating between 10 and 60) generally have a lower risk of loss and therefore a lower risk factor applied to the loan balances. The “Special Mention” grade (those with a risk rating of 70) represents a loan where a significant adverse risk-modifying action is anticipated in the near term that, if left uncorrected, could result in deterioration of the credit quality of the loan. Loans that migrate toward the “Substandard” grade (those with a risk rating between 80 and 95) generally have a higher risk of loss and therefore a higher risk factor applied to those related loan balances.
The following tables present the Company’s loan portfolio by year of origination and internal risk-rating grades as of the dates presented:

| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  |  |
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | Prior | Revolving Loans | Revolving Loans Converted to Term | Total Loans
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, Financial, Agricultural | $ | 169,011 |  | $ | 245,027 |  | $ | 242,343 |  | $ | 120,226 |  | $ | 81,822 |  | $ | 72,830 |  | $ | 861,207 |  | $ | 7,519 |  | $ | 1,799,985 |
Pass | 163,622 |  | 242,583 |  | 227,798 |  | 119,696 |  | 80,650 |  | 68,705 |  | 837,371 |  | 2,878 |  | 1,743,303 |
Special Mention | 311 |  | 1,905 |  | 163 |  | 242 |  | 766 |  | 394 |  | 16,290 |  | — |  | 20,071 |
Substandard | 5,078 |  | 539 |  | 14,382 |  | 288 |  | 406 |  | 3,731 |  | 7,546 |  | 4,641 |  | 36,611 |
Lease Financing Receivables | $ | 11,869 |  | $ | 26,194 |  | $ | 42,225 |  | $ | 9,702 |  | $ | 4,221 |  | $ | 3,948 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 98,159 |
Pass | 11,869 |  | 24,236 |  | 36,482 |  | 9,494 |  | 2,911 |  | 3,592 |  | — |  | — |  | 88,584 |
Special Mention | — |  | 1,638 |  | 5,075 |  | 208 |  | 1,310 |  | 356 |  | — |  | — |  | 8,587 |
Substandard | — |  | 320 |  | 668 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 988 |
Real Estate - Construction | $ | 248,163 |  | $ | 225,018 |  | $ | 578,234 |  | $ | 50,368 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 355 |  | $ | 19,743 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,121,881 |
Residential | 141,680 |  | 36,481 |  | 1,619 |  | — |  | — |  | 355 |  | 1,264 |  | — |  | 181,399 |
Pass | 139,320 |  | 35,554 |  | 1,378 |  | — |  | — |  | 355 |  | 1,264 |  | — |  | 177,871 |
Special Mention | 2,360 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,360 |
Substandard | — |  | 927 |  | 241 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,168 |
Commercial | 106,483 |  | 188,537 |  | 576,615 |  | 50,368 |  | — |  | — |  | 18,479 |  | — |  | 940,482 |
Pass | 106,483 |  | 176,223 |  | 551,568 |  | 50,368 |  | — |  | — |  | 18,479 |  | — |  | 903,121 |
Special Mention | — |  | 12,314 |  | 25,047 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 37,361 |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Real Estate - 1-4 Family Mortgage | $ | 121,751 |  | $ | 118,893 |  | $ | 134,553 |  | $ | 72,236 |  | $ | 36,236 |  | $ | 32,963 |  | $ | 33,958 |  | $ | 1,625 |  | $ | 552,215 |
Primary | 6,563 |  | 5,954 |  | 7,817 |  | 4,397 |  | 2,754 |  | 6,883 |  | 1,133 |  | 826 |  | 36,327 |
Pass | 6,563 |  | 5,714 |  | 7,650 |  | 4,016 |  | 2,754 |  | 6,212 |  | 1,133 |  | 826 |  | 34,868 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 22 |  | — |  | — |  | 22 |
Substandard | — |  | 240 |  | 167 |  | 381 |  | — |  | 649 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,437 |
Home Equity | — |  | 1,019 |  | 10 |  | 952 |  | — |  | 41 |  | 29,106 |  | 176 |  | 31,304 |
Pass | — |  | 1,019 |  | 10 |  | 952 |  | — |  | — |  | 28,910 |  | 176 |  | 31,067 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 196 |  | — |  | 196 |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 41 |  | — |  | — |  | 41 |
Rental/Investment | 64,721 |  | 86,085 |  | 115,122 |  | 64,506 |  | 33,144 |  | 23,468 |  | 2,043 |  | 623 |  | 389,712 |
Pass | 64,538 |  | 85,783 |  | 114,977 |  | 64,176 |  | 32,492 |  | 22,774 |  | 2,043 |  | 532 |  | 387,315 |
Special Mention | 41 |  | 58 |  | 45 |  | — |  | 28 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 172 |
Substandard | 142 |  | 244 |  | 100 |  | 330 |  | 624 |  | 694 |  | — |  | 91 |  | 2,225 |
Land Development | 50,467 |  | 25,835 |  | 11,604 |  | 2,381 |  | 338 |  | 2,571 |  | 1,676 |  | — |  | 94,872 |
Pass | 50,366 |  | 25,835 |  | 10,935 |  | 2,381 |  | 338 |  | 2,571 |  | 1,676 |  | — |  | 94,102 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  |  |
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | Prior | Revolving Loans | Revolving Loans Converted to Term | Total Loans
Special Mention | 101 |  | — |  | 669 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 770 |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage | $ | 726,397 |  | $ | 714,248 |  | $ | 1,646,532 |  | $ | 1,072,648 |  | $ | 651,594 |  | $ | 901,046 |  | $ | 227,711 |  | $ | 43,122 |  | $ | 5,983,298 |
Owner-Occupied | 266,261 |  | 270,115 |  | 358,245 |  | 294,918 |  | 198,790 |  | 340,790 |  | 113,477 |  | 3,070 |  | 1,845,666 |
Pass | 260,485 |  | 262,019 |  | 345,552 |  | 293,087 |  | 196,996 |  | 334,473 |  | 113,477 |  | 2,815 |  | 1,808,904 |
Special Mention | 5,641 |  | 4,723 |  | 7,121 |  | 1,156 |  | 135 |  | 2,865 |  | — |  | — |  | 21,641 |
Substandard | 135 |  | 3,373 |  | 5,572 |  | 675 |  | 1,659 |  | 3,452 |  | — |  | 255 |  | 15,121 |
Non-Owner Occupied | 429,400 |  | 432,159 |  | 1,264,254 |  | 767,551 |  | 449,641 |  | 554,679 |  | 108,085 |  | 39,875 |  | 4,045,644 |
Pass | 429,285 |  | 430,887 |  | 1,196,381 |  | 760,711 |  | 445,962 |  | 471,557 |  | 108,085 |  | 31,808 |  | 3,874,676 |
Special Mention | — |  | 1,272 |  | 54,807 |  | 5,471 |  | 1,149 |  | 9,655 |  | — |  | — |  | 72,354 |
Substandard | 115 |  | — |  | 13,066 |  | 1,369 |  | 2,530 |  | 73,467 |  | — |  | 8,067 |  | 98,614 |
Land Development | 30,736 |  | 11,974 |  | 24,033 |  | 10,179 |  | 3,163 |  | 5,577 |  | 6,149 |  | 177 |  | 91,988 |
Pass | 30,669 |  | 11,929 |  | 20,495 |  | 9,968 |  | 3,032 |  | 5,538 |  | 6,149 |  | 177 |  | 87,957 |
Special Mention | 67 |  | 24 |  | 146 |  | 33 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 270 |
Substandard | — |  | 21 |  | 3,392 |  | 178 |  | 131 |  | 39 |  | — |  | — |  | 3,761 |
Installment loans to individuals | $ | 7 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 7 |
Pass | 7 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 7 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Total loans subject to risk rating | $ | 1,277,198 |  | $ | 1,329,380 |  | $ | 2,643,887 |  | $ | 1,325,180 |  | $ | 773,873 |  | $ | 1,011,142 |  | $ | 1,142,619 |  | $ | 52,266 |  | $ | 9,555,545 |
Pass | 1,263,207 |  | 1,301,782 |  | 2,513,226 |  | 1,314,849 |  | 765,135 |  | 915,777 |  | 1,118,587 |  | 39,212 |  | 9,231,775 |
Special Mention | 8,521 |  | 21,934 |  | 93,073 |  | 7,110 |  | 3,388 |  | 13,292 |  | 16,486 |  | — |  | 163,804 |
Substandard | 5,470 |  | 5,664 |  | 37,588 |  | 3,221 |  | 5,350 |  | 82,073 |  | 7,546 |  | 13,054 |  | 159,966 |

| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  |  |
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Prior | Revolving Loans | Revolving Loans Converted to Term | Total Loans
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, Financial, Agricultural | $ | 312,902 |  | $ | 289,264 |  | $ | 162,535 |  | $ | 98,894 |  | $ | 51,162 |  | $ | 38,518 |  | $ | 883,302 |  | $ | 19,440 |  | $ | 1,856,017 |
Pass | 311,312 |  | 288,249 |  | 161,902 |  | 97,771 |  | 50,936 |  | 32,169 |  | 870,792 |  | 19,338 |  | 1,832,469 |
Special Mention | 893 |  | 364 |  | 10 |  | 294 |  | — |  | 291 |  | 914 |  | 63 |  | 2,829 |
Substandard | 697 |  | 651 |  | 623 |  | 829 |  | 226 |  | 6,058 |  | 11,596 |  | 39 |  | 20,719 |
Lease Financing Receivables | $ | 32,842 |  | $ | 49,628 |  | $ | 12,317 |  | $ | 13,553 |  | $ | 5,969 |  | $ | 1,700 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 116,009 |
Pass | 32,842 |  | 47,050 |  | 12,317 |  | 11,735 |  | 5,443 |  | 1,395 |  | — |  | — |  | 110,782 |
Watch | — |  | 2,578 |  | — |  | 1,818 |  | 526 |  | 305 |  | — |  | — |  | 5,227 |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Real Estate - Construction | $ | 320,889 |  | $ | 581,201 |  | $ | 308,442 |  | $ | 16,066 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,823 |  | $ | 1,225 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,229,646 |
Residential | 149,399 |  | 12,883 |  | 1,989 |  | — |  | — |  | 369 |  | 1,225 |  | — |  | 165,865 |
Pass | 146,535 |  | 10,147 |  | 1,989 |  | — |  | — |  | 369 |  | 1,225 |  | — |  | 160,265 |
Special Mention | 2,415 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,415 |
Substandard | 449 |  | 2,736 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,185 |
Commercial | 171,490 |  | 568,318 |  | 306,453 |  | 16,066 |  | — |  | 1,454 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,063,781 |
Pass | 142,917 |  | 568,318 |  | 306,453 |  | 16,066 |  | — |  | 1,454 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,035,208 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  |  |
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Prior | Revolving Loans | Revolving Loans Converted to Term | Total Loans
Special Mention | 28,573 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 28,573 |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Real Estate - 1-4 Family Mortgage | $ | 145,568 |  | $ | 176,724 |  | $ | 100,757 |  | $ | 41,542 |  | $ | 19,753 |  | $ | 30,783 |  | $ | 30,889 |  | $ | 1,834 |  | $ | 547,850 |
Primary | 8,512 |  | 8,729 |  | 6,194 |  | 3,943 |  | 1,792 |  | 8,573 |  | 3,272 |  | 915 |  | 41,930 |
Pass | 8,134 |  | 8,511 |  | 5,859 |  | 3,943 |  | 1,781 |  | 8,140 |  | 3,272 |  | 915 |  | 40,555 |
Special Mention | 183 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 34 |  | — |  | — |  | 217 |
Substandard | 195 |  | 218 |  | 335 |  | — |  | 11 |  | 399 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,158 |
Home Equity | 1,107 |  | 10 |  | 996 |  | — |  | — |  | 16 |  | 20,628 |  | 74 |  | 22,831 |
Pass | 1,107 |  | 10 |  | 996 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 20,628 |  | — |  | 22,742 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 15 |  | — |  | 74 |  | 89 |
Rental/Investment | 89,760 |  | 129,241 |  | 75,457 |  | 37,171 |  | 17,817 |  | 18,721 |  | 4,678 |  | 845 |  | 373,690 |
Pass | 89,135 |  | 128,939 |  | 74,330 |  | 35,388 |  | 16,670 |  | 18,109 |  | 4,678 |  | 583 |  | 367,832 |
Special Mention | 63 |  | 47 |  | 256 |  | 4 |  | 50 |  | 42 |  | — |  | — |  | 462 |
Substandard | 562 |  | 255 |  | 871 |  | 1,779 |  | 1,097 |  | 570 |  | — |  | 262 |  | 5,396 |
Land Development | 46,189 |  | 38,744 |  | 18,110 |  | 428 |  | 144 |  | 3,473 |  | 2,311 |  | — |  | 109,399 |
Pass | 46,151 |  | 38,744 |  | 18,110 |  | 409 |  | 144 |  | 3,372 |  | 2,311 |  | — |  | 109,241 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 101 |  | — |  | — |  | 101 |
Substandard | 38 |  | — |  | — |  | 19 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 57 |
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage | $ | 716,844 |  | $ | 1,572,099 |  | $ | 1,111,564 |  | $ | 717,571 |  | $ | 429,783 |  | $ | 723,344 |  | $ | 176,617 |  | $ | 26,252 |  | $ | 5,474,074 |
Owner-Occupied | 264,589 |  | 336,491 |  | 321,491 |  | 214,365 |  | 164,931 |  | 283,517 |  | 60,200 |  | 3,247 |  | 1,648,831 |
Pass | 260,831 |  | 325,575 |  | 318,391 |  | 212,368 |  | 159,552 |  | 275,088 |  | 56,453 |  | 2,977 |  | 1,611,235 |
Special Mention | 562 |  | 1,147 |  | 890 |  | 107 |  | 3,385 |  | 2,953 |  | 25 |  | — |  | 9,069 |
Substandard | 3,196 |  | 9,769 |  | 2,210 |  | 1,890 |  | 1,994 |  | 5,476 |  | 3,722 |  | 270 |  | 28,527 |
Non-Owner Occupied | 432,769 |  | 1,195,500 |  | 776,264 |  | 499,290 |  | 260,355 |  | 434,541 |  | 111,609 |  | 22,821 |  | 3,733,149 |
Pass | 428,740 |  | 1,194,864 |  | 761,476 |  | 494,971 |  | 223,264 |  | 398,188 |  | 111,609 |  | 13,774 |  | 3,626,886 |
Special Mention | 1,339 |  | 454 |  | 14,422 |  | 4,111 |  | 14,001 |  | 12,677 |  | — |  | — |  | 47,004 |
Substandard | 2,690 |  | 182 |  | 366 |  | 208 |  | 23,090 |  | 23,676 |  | — |  | 9,047 |  | 59,259 |
Land Development | 19,486 |  | 40,108 |  | 13,809 |  | 3,916 |  | 4,497 |  | 5,286 |  | 4,808 |  | 184 |  | 92,094 |
Pass | 18,996 |  | 36,479 |  | 13,567 |  | 3,775 |  | 4,479 |  | 5,046 |  | 4,776 |  | 184 |  | 87,302 |
Special Mention | 432 |  | 3,334 |  | 36 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,802 |
Substandard | 58 |  | 295 |  | 206 |  | 141 |  | 18 |  | 240 |  | 32 |  | — |  | 990 |
Installment loans to individuals | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3 |
Pass | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Total loans subject to risk rating | $ | 1,529,045 |  | $ | 2,668,916 |  | $ | 1,695,615 |  | $ | 887,626 |  | $ | 506,670 |  | $ | 796,168 |  | $ | 1,092,033 |  | $ | 47,526 |  | $ | 9,223,599 |
Pass | 1,486,700 |  | 2,646,886 |  | 1,675,390 |  | 876,426 |  | 462,272 |  | 743,331 |  | 1,075,744 |  | 37,771 |  | 9,004,520 |
Special Mention | 34,460 |  | 7,924 |  | 15,614 |  | 6,334 |  | 17,962 |  | 16,403 |  | 939 |  | 63 |  | 99,699 |
Substandard | 7,885 |  | 14,106 |  | 4,611 |  | 4,866 |  | 26,436 |  | 36,434 |  | 15,350 |  | 9,692 |  | 119,380 |

The following tables present the performing status of the Company’s loan portfolio not subject to risk rating as of the dates presented:
22

Table of Contents
Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  |  |
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | Prior | Revolving Loans | Revolving Loans Converted to Term | Total Loans
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, Financial, Agricultural | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 4,976 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 4,976 |
Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 4,976 |  | — |  | — |  | 4,976 |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Lease Financing Receivables | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Real Estate - Construction | $ | 21,699 |  | $ | 33,062 |  | $ | 14,302 |  | $ | 7,882 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 6 |  | $ | 6 |  | $ | 76,957 |
Residential | 21,699 |  | 33,062 |  | 14,302 |  | 7,882 |  | — |  | — |  | 6 |  | 6 |  | 76,957 |
Performing Loans | 21,560 |  | 33,062 |  | 14,302 |  | 7,882 |  | — |  | — |  | 6 |  | 6 |  | 76,818 |
Non-Performing Loans | 139 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 139 |
Commercial | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Real Estate - 1-4 Family Mortgage | $ | 109,075 |  | $ | 343,841 |  | $ | 720,081 |  | $ | 500,107 |  | $ | 288,465 |  | $ | 419,693 |  | $ | 493,820 |  | $ | 12,741 |  | $ | 2,887,823 |
Primary | 107,560 |  | 341,372 |  | 718,634 |  | 498,299 |  | 287,735 |  | 419,085 |  | — |  | 900 |  | 2,373,585 |
Performing Loans | 107,526 |  | 337,695 |  | 704,371 |  | 491,964 |  | 278,247 |  | 398,518 |  | — |  | 900 |  | 2,319,221 |
Non-Performing Loans | 34 |  | 3,677 |  | 14,263 |  | 6,335 |  | 9,488 |  | 20,567 |  | — |  | — |  | 54,364 |
Home Equity | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 407 |  | 493,820 |  | 11,841 |  | 506,068 |
Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 402 |  | 493,672 |  | 8,697 |  | 502,771 |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 5 |  | 148 |  | 3,144 |  | 3,297 |
Rental/Investment | — |  | — |  | — |  | 258 |  | — |  | 59 |  | — |  | — |  | 317 |
Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | 258 |  | — |  | 59 |  | — |  | — |  | 317 |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Land Development | 1,515 |  | 2,469 |  | 1,447 |  | 1,550 |  | 730 |  | 142 |  | — |  | — |  | 7,853 |
Performing Loans | 1,515 |  | 2,457 |  | 1,447 |  | 1,540 |  | 730 |  | 142 |  | — |  | — |  | 7,831 |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | 12 |  | — |  | 10 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 22 |
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage | $ | 2,400 |  | $ | 2,615 |  | $ | 1,965 |  | $ | 2,663 |  | $ | 1,637 |  | $ | 574 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 11,854 |
Owner-Occupied | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 123 |  | 2 |  | — |  | — |  | 125 |
Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 123 |  | 2 |  | — |  | — |  | 125 |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Non-Owner Occupied | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 22 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 22 |
Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 22 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 22 |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Land Development | 2,400 |  | 2,615 |  | 1,965 |  | 2,663 |  | 1,492 |  | 572 |  | — |  | — |  | 11,707 |
Performing Loans | 2,400 |  | 2,615 |  | 1,852 |  | 2,663 |  | 1,491 |  | 572 |  | — |  | — |  | 11,593 |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | 113 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 114 |
Installment loans to individuals | $ | 27,812 |  | $ | 14,761 |  | $ | 9,498 |  | $ | 4,397 |  | $ | 1,607 |  | $ | 19,116 |  | $ | 13,195 |  | $ | 107 |  | $ | 90,493 |
Performing Loans | 27,758 |  | 14,726 |  | 9,463 |  | 4,384 |  | 1,607 |  | 19,040 |  | 13,175 |  | 107 |  | 90,260 |
Non-Performing Loans | 54 |  | 35 |  | 35 |  | 13 |  | — |  | 76 |  | 20 |  | — |  | 233 |
Total loans not subject to risk rating | $ | 160,986 |  | $ | 394,279 |  | $ | 745,846 |  | $ | 515,049 |  | $ | 291,709 |  | $ | 444,359 |  | $ | 507,021 |  | $ | 12,854 |  | $ | 3,072,103 |
Performing Loans | 160,759 |  | 390,555 |  | 731,435 |  | 508,691 |  | 282,220 |  | 423,711 |  | 506,853 |  | 9,710 |  | 3,013,934 |
Non-Performing Loans | 227 |  | 3,724 |  | 14,411 |  | 6,358 |  | 9,489 |  | 20,648 |  | 168 |  | 3,144 |  | 58,169 |

23

Table of Contents
Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  |  |
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Prior | Revolving Loans | Revolving Loans Converted to Term | Total Loans
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, Financial, Agricultural | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 15,804 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 15,804 |
Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 15,804 |  | — |  | — |  | 15,804 |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Lease Financing Receivables | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 11 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 11 |
Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 11 |  | — |  | — |  | 11 |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Real Estate - Construction | $ | 48,003 |  | $ | 41,070 |  | $ | 14,158 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 490 |  | $ | 30 |  | $ | 103,751 |
Residential | 48,003 |  | 41,070 |  | 14,158 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 490 |  | 30 |  | 103,751 |
Performing Loans | 48,003 |  | 41,070 |  | 14,158 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 490 |  | 30 |  | 103,751 |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Commercial | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Real Estate - 1-4 Family Mortgage | $ | 339,406 |  | $ | 731,088 |  | $ | 536,544 |  | $ | 312,015 |  | $ | 133,852 |  | $ | 339,842 |  | $ | 493,515 |  | $ | 5,807 |  | $ | 2,892,069 |
Primary | 334,103 |  | 727,993 |  | 534,667 |  | 311,199 |  | 133,433 |  | 339,111 |  | — |  | 46 |  | 2,380,552 |
Performing Loans | 333,751 |  | 720,759 |  | 528,383 |  | 302,065 |  | 128,859 |  | 322,677 |  | — |  | 46 |  | 2,336,540 |
Non-Performing Loans | 352 |  | 7,234 |  | 6,284 |  | 9,134 |  | 4,574 |  | 16,434 |  | — |  | — |  | 44,012 |
Home Equity | — |  | — |  | 111 |  | — |  | — |  | 470 |  | 493,515 |  | 5,761 |  | 499,857 |
Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | 111 |  | — |  | — |  | 466 |  | 491,849 |  | 4,584 |  | 497,010 |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 4 |  | 1,666 |  | 1,177 |  | 2,847 |
Rental/Investment | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 65 |  | — |  | — |  | 65 |
Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 65 |  | — |  | — |  | 65 |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Land Development | 5,303 |  | 3,095 |  | 1,766 |  | 816 |  | 419 |  | 196 |  | — |  | — |  | 11,595 |
Performing Loans | 5,303 |  | 3,095 |  | 1,766 |  | 816 |  | 419 |  | 196 |  | — |  | — |  | 11,595 |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage | $ | 3,640 |  | $ | 2,674 |  | $ | 3,054 |  | $ | 1,890 |  | $ | 902 |  | $ | 316 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 12,476 |
Owner-Occupied | — |  | — |  | — |  | 126 |  | — |  | 4 |  | — |  | — |  | 130 |
Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | 126 |  | — |  | 4 |  | — |  | — |  | 130 |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Non-Owner Occupied | — |  | — |  | — |  | 25 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 25 |
Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | 25 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 25 |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Land Development | 3,640 |  | 2,674 |  | 3,054 |  | 1,739 |  | 902 |  | 312 |  | — |  | — |  | 12,321 |
Performing Loans | 3,640 |  | 2,383 |  | 3,054 |  | 1,736 |  | 902 |  | 312 |  | — |  | — |  | 12,027 |
Non-Performing Loans | — |  | 291 |  | — |  | 3 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 294 |
Installment loans to individuals | $ | 35,274 |  | $ | 17,322 |  | $ | 7,121 |  | $ | 2,827 |  | $ | 9,786 |  | $ | 17,276 |  | $ | 13,769 |  | $ | 145 |  | $ | 103,520 |
Performing Loans | 35,112 |  | 17,229 |  | 7,121 |  | 2,824 |  | 9,754 |  | 17,206 |  | 13,769 |  | 145 |  | 103,160 |
Non-Performing Loans | 162 |  | 93 |  | — |  | 3 |  | 32 |  | 70 |  | — |  | — |  | 360 |
Total loans not subject to risk rating | $ | 426,323 |  | $ | 792,154 |  | $ | 560,877 |  | $ | 316,732 |  | $ | 144,540 |  | $ | 373,249 |  | $ | 507,774 |  | $ | 5,982 |  | $ | 3,127,631 |
Performing Loans | 425,809 |  | 784,536 |  | 554,593 |  | 307,592 |  | 139,934 |  | 356,741 |  | 506,108 |  | 4,805 |  | 3,080,118 |
Non-Performing Loans | 514 |  | 7,618 |  | 6,284 |  | 9,140 |  | 4,606 |  | 16,508 |  | 1,666 |  | 1,177 |  | 47,513 |

24

Table of Contents
Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The following tables disclose gross charge-offs by year of origination for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and year ended December 31, 2023, respectively:

September 30, 2024 | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans |  |  |  | Total Charge-offs
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 152 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 251 |  |  | $ | 408 |  |  |  |  | $ | 882 |
Lease financing | — |  |  | 336 |  |  | 306 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 642 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 83 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 377 |
Home equity | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 75 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 124 |
Rental/investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 45 |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 203 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 546 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 37 |
Non-owner occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,693 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 5,693 |
Land development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 7 |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,700 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 5,737 |
Installment loans to individuals | 6 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,229 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 1,379 |
Loans, net of unearned income | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 454 |  |  | $ | 744 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 7,383 |  |  | $ | 409 |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,186 |

December 31, 2023 | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans |  |  |  | Total Charge-offs
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 898 |  |  | $ | 1,909 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 635 |  |  | $ | 4,165 |  |  | $ | 865 |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,838 |
Lease financing | 883 |  |  | 273 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1,524 |
Real estate – construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 57 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 92 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 109 |
Home equity | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | 90 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 115 |
Rental/investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 91 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 193 |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 202 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 417 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 582 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 582 |
Non-owner occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,986 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 4,986 |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,568 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 5,568 |
Installment loans to individuals | 29 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2,477 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2,636 |
Loans, net of unearned income | $ | 1,810 |  |  | $ | 2,301 |  |  | $ | 617 |  |  | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 725 |  |  | $ | 12,412 |  |  | $ | 865 |  |  |  |  | $ | 19,040 |

25

Table of Contents
Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 4 – Allowance for Credit Losses
(In Thousands)
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
The allowance for credit losses is an estimate of expected losses inherent within the Company’s loans held for investment and is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb credit losses inherent in the entire loan portfolio. Management evaluates the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis. Expected credit loss inherent in non-cancellable off-balance-sheet credit exposures is accounted for as a separate liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The allowance for credit losses on loans held for investment, as reported in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, is adjusted by a provision for credit losses, which is reported in earnings, and reduced by net charge-offs. Loan losses are charged against the allowance for credit losses when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed and such losses are reasonably quantified. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. For more information about the Company’s policies and procedures for determining the amount of the allowance for credit losses, please refer to the discussion in Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The Company has made an accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of the allowance for credit losses in the Company’s loan portfolio. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had accrued interest receivable for loans of $55,542 and $54,804, respectively, which is recorded in the “Other assets” line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Although the Company made the election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of the allowance for credit losses, the Company did have an allowance for credit losses on interest deferred as part of the loan deferral program established in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic of $758 and $1,245 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
26

Table of Contents
Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The following tables provide a roll-forward of the allowance for credit losses by loan category and a breakdown of the ending balance of the allowance based on the Company’s credit loss methodology for the periods presented:

| Commercial |  | Real Estate - Construction |  | Real Estate - 1-4 Family Mortgage |  | Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage |  | Lease Financing |  | Installment Loans to Individuals |  | Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 44,951 |  |  | $ | 18,896 |  |  | $ | 47,421 |  |  | $ | 77,125 |  |  | $ | 2,515 |  |  | $ | 8,963 |  |  | $ | 199,871 |
Charge-offs | (347) |  |  | — |  |  | (256) |  |  | (10) |  |  | (642) |  |  | (649) |  |  | (1,904) |
Recoveries | 514 |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 611 |  |  | 1,201 |
Net (charge-offs) recoveries | 167 |  |  | — |  |  | (199) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (634) |  |  | (38) |  |  | (703) |
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on loans | (2,065) |  |  | (2,240) |  |  | (3) |  |  | 4,961 |  |  | 503 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 1,210 |
Ending balance | $ | 43,053 |  |  | $ | 16,656 |  |  | $ | 47,219 |  |  | $ | 82,087 |  |  | $ | 2,384 |  |  | $ | 8,979 |  |  | $ | 200,378 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 43,980 |  |  | $ | 18,612 |  |  | $ | 47,283 |  |  | $ | 77,020 |  |  | $ | 2,515 |  |  | $ | 9,168 |  |  | $ | 198,578 |
Charge-offs | (882) |  |  |  |  | (546) |  |  | (5,737) |  |  | (642) |  |  | (1,379) |  |  | (9,186) |
Recoveries | 1,385 |  |  |  |  | 130 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 1,181 |  |  | 2,838 |
Net (charge-offs) recoveries | 503 |  |  | — |  |  | (416) |  |  | (5,621) |  |  | (616) |  |  | (198) |  |  | (6,348) |
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on loans | (1,430) |  |  | (1,956) |  |  | 352 |  |  | 10,688 |  |  | 485 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 8,148 |
Ending balance | $ | 43,053 |  |  | $ | 16,656 |  |  | $ | 47,219 |  |  | $ | 82,087 |  |  | $ | 2,384 |  |  | $ | 8,979 |  |  | $ | 200,378 |
Period-End Amount Allocated to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated | $ | 8,805 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,878 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 270 |  |  | $ | 13,953 |
Collectively evaluated | 34,248 |  |  | 16,656 |  |  | 47,219 |  |  | 77,209 |  |  | 2,384 |  |  | 8,709 |  |  | 186,425 |
Ending balance | $ | 43,053 |  |  | $ | 16,656 |  |  | $ | 47,219 |  |  | $ | 82,087 |  |  | $ | 2,384 |  |  | $ | 8,979 |  |  | $ | 200,378 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated | $ | 15,370 |  |  | $ | 241 |  |  | $ | 7,815 |  |  | $ | 47,321 |  |  | $ | 614 |  |  | $ | 270 |  |  | $ | 71,631 |
Collectively evaluated | 1,789,591 |  |  | 1,198,597 |  |  | 3,432,223 |  |  | 5,947,831 |  |  | 97,545 |  |  | 90,230 |  |  | 12,556,017 |
Ending balance | $ | 1,804,961 |  |  | $ | 1,198,838 |  |  | $ | 3,440,038 |  |  | $ | 5,995,152 |  |  | $ | 98,159 |  |  | $ | 90,500 |  |  | $ | 12,627,648 |
Nonaccruing loans with no allowance for credit losses | $ | 122 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,868 |  |  | $ | 25,016 |  |  | $ | 614 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,620 |

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| Commercial |  | Real Estate - Construction |  | Real Estate - 1-4 Family Mortgage |  | Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage |  | Lease Financing |  | Installment Loans to Individuals |  | Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 41,310 |  |  | $ | 19,125 |  |  | $ | 46,434 |  |  | $ | 75,667 |  |  | $ | 2,480 |  |  | $ | 9,375 |  |  | $ | 194,391 |
Charge-offs | (2,252) |  |  | — |  |  | (130) |  |  | — |  |  | (641) |  |  | (607) |  |  | (3,630) |
Recoveries | 690 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 568 |  |  | 1,697 |
Net (charge-offs) recoveries | (1,562) |  |  | 48 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 208 |  |  | (639) |  |  | (39) |  |  | (1,933) |
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on loans | 4,696 |  |  | 483 |  |  | (686) |  |  | (642) |  |  | 1,514 |  |  | (50) |  |  | 5,315 |
Ending balance | $ | 44,444 |  |  | $ | 19,656 |  |  | $ | 45,799 |  |  | $ | 75,233 |  |  | $ | 3,355 |  |  | $ | 9,286 |  |  | $ | 197,773 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 44,255 |  |  | $ | 19,114 |  |  | $ | 44,727 |  |  | $ | 71,798 |  |  | $ | 2,463 |  |  | $ | 9,733 |  |  | $ | 192,090 |
Initial impact of purchased credit deteriorated loans acquired during the period | (26) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (26) |
Charge-offs | (7,720) |  |  | (57) |  |  | (345) |  |  | (5,512) |  |  | (641) |  |  | (1,997) |  |  | (16,272) |
Recoveries | 2,689 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 375 |  |  | 697 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 1,884 |  |  | 5,706 |
Net (charge-offs) recoveries | (5,031) |  |  | (9) |  |  | 30 |  |  | (4,815) |  |  | (628) |  |  | (113) |  |  | (10,566) |
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on loans | 5,246 |  |  | 551 |  |  | 1,042 |  |  | 8,250 |  |  | 1,520 |  |  | (334) |  |  | 16,275 |
Ending balance | $ | 44,444 |  |  | $ | 19,656 |  |  | $ | 45,799 |  |  | $ | 75,233 |  |  | $ | 3,355 |  |  | $ | 9,286 |  |  | $ | 197,773 |
Period-End Amount Allocated to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated | $ | 11,194 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 1,260 |  |  | $ | 856 |  |  | $ | 270 |  |  | $ | 13,657 |
Collectively evaluated | 33,250 |  |  | 19,656 |  |  | 45,722 |  |  | 73,973 |  |  | 2,499 |  |  | 9,016 |  |  | 184,116 |
Ending balance | $ | 44,444 |  |  | $ | 19,656 |  |  | $ | 45,799 |  |  | $ | 75,233 |  |  | $ | 3,355 |  |  | $ | 9,286 |  |  | $ | 197,773 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated | $ | 20,996 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,007 |  |  | $ | 18,403 |  |  | $ | 1,047 |  |  | $ | 270 |  |  | $ | 53,723 |
Collectively evaluated | 1,798,895 |  |  | 1,407,364 |  |  | 3,385,869 |  |  | 5,294,763 |  |  | 119,677 |  |  | 107,732 |  |  | 12,114,300 |
Ending balance | $ | 1,819,891 |  |  | $ | 1,407,364 |  |  | $ | 3,398,876 |  |  | $ | 5,313,166 |  |  | $ | 120,724 |  |  | $ | 108,002 |  |  | $ | 12,168,023 |
Nonaccruing loans with no allowance for credit losses | $ | 1,987 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,441 |  |  | $ | 11,226 |  |  | $ | 191 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24,845 |

The Company recorded a provision for credit losses on loans of $1,210 during the third quarter of 2024, as compared to a provision for credit losses on loans of $5,315 recorded in the third quarter of 2023. The Company’s allowance for credit losses model considers economic projections, primarily the national unemployment rate and GDP, over a reasonable and supportable period of two years. The provision for credit losses on loans of $1,210 in the third quarter of 2024 was primarily driven by loan growth and changes in credit metrics that influence the Company’s expectations of future losses, including but not limited to the balance of nonperforming loans, underlying collateral values, and historical levels of charge-offs, all considered in the context of the existing balance of the allowance for credit losses.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Loan Commitments
The Company maintains a separate allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments, which is included in the “Other liabilities” line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For more information about the Company’s policies and procedures for determining the amount of the allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments, please refer to the discussion in
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The following tables provide a roll-forward of the allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments for the periods presented.

Three Months Ended September 30, | 2024 | 2023
Allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments: |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 15,718 |  | $ | 17,618 |
Recovery of credit losses on unfunded loan commitments | (275) |  | (700) |
Ending balance | $ | 15,443 |  | $ | 16,918 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, | 2024 | 2023
Allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments: |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 16,918 |  | $ | 20,118 |
Recovery of credit losses on unfunded loan commitments | (1,475) |  | (3,200) |
Ending balance | $ | 15,443 |  | $ | 16,918 |

Note 5 – Other Real Estate Owned
(In Thousands)
The following table provides details of the Company’s other real estate owned (“OREO”), net of valuation allowances and direct write-downs, as of the dates presented:

| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Residential real estate | $ | 2,774 |  |  | $ | 1,211 |
Commercial real estate | 6,336 |  |  | 8,407 |
Residential land development | 19 |  |  | 4 |
Commercial land development | 7 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 9,136 |  |  | $ | 9,622 |

Changes in the Company’s OREO were as follows:

| Total OREO
Balance at January 1, 2024 | $ | 9,622 |
Transfers of loans | 3,286 |
Impairments | (67) |
Dispositions | (1,323) |
Other | (2,382) |
Balance at September 30, 2024 | $ | 9,136 |

At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the amortized cost of loans secured by Real Estate - 1-4 Family Mortgage in the process of foreclosure was $1,324 and $395, respectively.
Components of the line item “Other real estate owned” in the Consolidated Statements of Income were as follows for the periods presented:
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Repairs and maintenance | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 273 |  |  | $ | 95 |
Property taxes and insurance | 24 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 142 |
Impairments | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 18 |
Net gains on OREO sales | (28) |  |  | (200) |  |  | (143) |  |  | (289) |
Rental income | (2) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (5) |
Total | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | (120) |  |  | $ | 268 |  |  | $ | (39) |

Note 6 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
(In Thousands)
The carrying amounts of goodwill by operating segments for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 are set forth in the table below.

| Community Banks |  | Insurance |  | Total
Balance at January 1, 2024 | $ | 988,898 |  |  | $ | 2,767 |  |  | $ | 991,665 |
Sale of the insurance agency | — |  |  | (2,767) |  |  | (2,767) |
Balance at September 30, 2024 | $ | 988,898 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 988,898 |

The following table provides a summary of finite-lived intangible assets as of the dates presented:

| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |
Core deposit intangibles | $ | 82,492 |  |  | $ | (71,046) |  |  | $ | 11,446 |
Customer relationship intangible | 7,670 |  |  | (3,878) |  |  | 3,792 |
Total finite-lived intangible assets | $ | 90,162 |  |  | $ | (74,924) |  |  | $ | 15,238 |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |
Core deposit intangibles | $ | 82,492 |  |  | $ | (68,383) |  |  | $ | 14,109 |
Customer relationship intangible | 7,670 |  |  | (2,984) |  |  | 4,686 |
Total finite-lived intangible assets | $ | 90,162 |  |  | $ | (71,367) |  |  | $ | 18,795 |

Current year amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets is presented in the table below.

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Amortization expense for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Core deposit intangibles | $ | 862 |  |  | $ | 977 |  |  | $ | 2,664 |  |  | $ | 3,103 |
Customer relationship intangible | 298 |  |  | 334 |  |  | 894 |  |  | 1,003 |
Total intangible amortization | $ | 1,160 |  |  | $ | 1,311 |  |  | $ | 3,558 |  |  | $ | 4,106 |

The estimated amortization expense of finite-lived intangible assets for the year ending December 31, 2024 and the succeeding four years is summarized as follows:
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| Core Deposit Intangibles |  | Customer Relationship Intangible |  | Total
2024 | $ | 3,498 |  |  | $ | 1,192 |  |  | $ | 4,690 |
2025 | 3,102 |  |  | 1,048 |  |  | 4,150 |
2026 | 2,899 |  |  | 860 |  |  | 3,759 |
2027 | 2,774 |  |  | 628 |  |  | 3,402 |
2028 | 1,836 |  |  | 483 |  |  | 2,319 |

Note 7 – Mortgage Servicing Rights
(In Thousands)
The Company retains the right to service certain mortgage loans that it sells to secondary market investors. These mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) are recognized as a separate asset on the date the corresponding mortgage loan is sold. MSRs are amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income. These servicing rights are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Fair value is determined using an income approach with various assumptions, including expected cash flows, prepayment speeds, market discount rates, servicing costs, and other factors, and is subject to significant fluctuation as a result of actual prepayment speeds, default rates and losses differing from estimates thereof. For example, an increase in mortgage interest rates or a decrease in actual prepayment speeds may cause positive adjustments to the valuation of the Company’s MSRs.
MSRs are evaluated for impairment (or reversals of prior impairments) quarterly based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to the carrying amount. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance in the amount that unamortized cost exceeds fair value. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists, a reduction of the valuation allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. Changes in valuation allowances related to servicing rights are reported in “Mortgage banking income” on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
There was no valuation adjustment on MSRs during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023.
During the first quarter of 2024, the Company sold MSRs relating to mortgage loans having an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $2,013,235 to a third party for net proceeds of $23,011, resulting in a gain of $3,472.
Changes in the Company’s MSRs were as follows:

Balance at January 1, 2024 | $ | 91,688 |
Sale of MSRs | (19,539) |
Capitalization | 6,860 |
Amortization | (7,019) |
Balance at September 30, 2024 | $ | 71,990 |

Data and key economic assumptions related to the Company’s MSRs are as follows as of the dates presented:
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Unpaid principal balance | $ | 5,938,135 |  |  | $ | 7,826,182 |
Weighted-average prepayment speed (CPR) | 10.71 | % |  | 8.77 | %
Estimated impact of a 10% increase | $ | (3,081) |  |  | $ | (2,653) |
Estimated impact of a 20% increase | (5,946) |  |  | (5,457) |
Discount rate | 11.08 | % |  | 10.85 | %
Estimated impact of a 10% increase | $ | (3,399) |  |  | $ | (4,753) |
Estimated impact of a 20% increase | (6,552) |  |  | (9,149) |
Weighted-average coupon interest rate | 4.22 | % |  | 3.88 | %
Weighted-average servicing fee (basis points) | 36.04 |  |  | 33.24 |
Weighted-average remaining maturity (in years) | 6.90 |  | 7.50

The Company recorded servicing fees of $3,594 and $4,335 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and servicing fees of $11,463 and $13,275 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, all of which are included in “Mortgage banking income” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Note 8 - Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation Plans
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
Pension and Post-retirement Medical Plans
The Company sponsors a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan, under which participation and benefit accruals ceased as of December 31, 1996, and it provides retiree medical benefits, consisting of the opportunity to purchase coverage at subsidized rates under the Company’s group medical plan.
Information related to the defined benefit pension plan maintained by Renasant Bank (“Pension Benefits”) and to the post-retirement health and life plan (“Other Benefits”) as of the dates presented is as follows:

| Pension Benefits |  |  |  | Other Benefits
| Three Months Ended |  |  |  | Three Months Ended
| September 30, |  |  |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Interest cost | $ | 227 |  |  | $ | 249 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 6 |
Expected return on plan assets | (249) |  |  | (309) |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Recognized actuarial loss (gain) | 129 |  |  | 131 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (23) |  |  | (15) |
Net periodic benefit cost (return) | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (18) |  |  | $ | (9) |

| Pension Benefits |  |  |  | Other Benefits
| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  |  |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Interest cost | $ | 681 |  |  | $ | 746 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 17 |
Expected return on plan assets | (745) |  |  | (927) |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Recognized actuarial loss (gain) | 387 |  |  | 393 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (70) |  |  | (46) |
Net periodic benefit cost (return) | $ | 323 |  |  | $ | 212 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (54) |  |  | $ | (29) |

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Incentive Compensation Plans
The Company maintains a long-term equity compensation plan that provides for the grant of stock options and the award of restricted stock. There were no stock options granted or outstanding, nor compensation expense associated with options recorded, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023.

The Company also awards performance-based restricted stock to executives and other officers and employees and time-based restricted stock to non-employee directors, executives, and other officers and employees.
The following table summarizes the changes in restricted stock as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

|  | Performance-Based Restricted Stock |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value |  | Time-Based Restricted Stock |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested at beginning of period |  | 169,575 |  |  | $ | 36.38 |  |  | 779,564 |  |  | $ | 36.20 |
Awarded |  | 95,048 |  |  | 33.44 |  |  | 348,918 |  |  | 32.87 |
Vested |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (296,350) |  |  | 35.53 |
Cancelled |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (28,751) |  |  | 33.90 |
Nonvested at end of period |  | 264,623 |  |  | $ | 35.32 |  |  | 803,381 |  |  | $ | 35.08 |

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company reissued 224,629 shares from treasury in connection with awards of restricted stock. The Company recorded total stock-based compensation expense of $3,273 and $3,424 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $10,639 and $10,264 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Note 9 – Derivative Instruments
(In Thousands)
The Company uses certain derivative instruments to meet the needs of customers as well as to manage the interest rate risk associated with certain transactions.
Non-hedge derivatives
The Company enters into derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments to help its commercial customers manage their exposure to interest rate fluctuations. To mitigate the interest rate risk associated with these customer contracts, the Company enters into an offsetting derivative contract position. The Company manages its credit risk, or potential risk of default by its commercial customers, through credit limit approval and monitoring procedures.
The Company enters into interest rate lock commitments with its customers to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with the commitments to fund fixed-rate and adjustable-rate residential mortgage loans. The Company also enters into forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans to secondary market investors.
The following table provides a summary of the Company’s derivatives not designated as hedging instruments as of the dates presented:
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| Balance Sheet |  | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Location | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | Other Assets |  | $ | 830,409 |  |  | $ | 18,561 |  |  | $ | 532,279 |  |  | $ | 13,567 |
Interest rate lock commitments | Other Assets |  | 121,577 |  |  | 1,620 |  |  | 61,957 |  |  | 1,483 |
Forward commitments | Other Assets |  | 80,000 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | 43 |
Totals |  |  | $ | 1,031,986 |  |  | $ | 20,358 |  |  | $ | 614,236 |  |  | $ | 15,093 |
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | Other Liabilities |  | $ | 833,761 |  |  | $ | 18,613 |  |  | $ | 535,725 |  |  | $ | 13,567 |
Interest rate lock commitments | Other Liabilities |  | 8,296 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 2,292 |  |  | — |
Forward commitments | Other Liabilities |  | 199,000 |  |  | 1,554 |  |  | 165,000 |  |  | 2,605 |
Totals |  |  | $ | 1,041,057 |  |  | $ | 20,208 |  |  | $ | 703,017 |  |  | $ | 16,172 |

Gains and losses included in the Consolidated Statements of Income related to the Company’s derivative financial instruments were as follows as of the dates presented:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Interest rate contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in interest income on loans | $ | 3,958 |  |  | $ | 1,327 |  |  | $ | 10,388 |  |  | $ | 4,873 |
Interest rate lock commitments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in mortgage banking income | (261) |  |  | (247) |  |  | 127 |  |  | 304 |
Forward commitments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in mortgage banking income | (1,167) |  |  | 918 |  |  | 1,184 |  |  | 3,342 |
Total | $ | 2,530 |  |  | $ | 1,998 |  |  | $ | 11,699 |  |  | $ | 8,519 |

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
Cash flow hedge relationships mitigate exposure to the variability of future cash flows or other forecasted transactions. The Company uses both interest rate swap contracts and interest rate collars in an effort to manage future interest rate exposure on borrowings and loans, respectively. The swap hedging strategy converts the variable interest rate on the forecasted borrowings to a fixed interest rate. The collar hedging strategy limits the benefit to interest income when rates exceed the cap but protects interest income from interest rate fluctuations below the floor strike rate.
The following table provides a summary of the Company’s derivatives designated as cash flow hedges as of the dates presented:

| Balance Sheet |  | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Location | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | Other Assets |  | $ | 130,000 |  |  | $ | 18,373 |  |  | $ | 130,000 |  |  | $ | 21,486 |
Interest rate collars | Other Assets |  | 450,000 |  |  | 1,232 |  |  | 200,000 |  |  | 572 |
Total |  |  | $ | 580,000 |  |  | $ | 19,605 |  |  | $ | 330,000 |  |  | $ | 22,058 |
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate collars | Other Liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 250,000 |  |  | $ | 384 |
Totals |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 250,000 |  |  | $ | 384 |

Changes in fair value of cash flow hedges are, to the extent that the hedging relationship is effective, recorded as other comprehensive income and are subsequently recognized in earnings at the same time that the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portions of the changes in fair value of the hedging instruments are immediately recognized in earnings. The assessment of the effectiveness of the hedging relationship is evaluated under the hypothetical derivative method.
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
There were no ineffective portions for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023. The impact on other comprehensive income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is discussed in Note 12, “Other Comprehensive Income.”
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges
Fair value hedges protect against changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment. The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements to manage interest rate exposure on certain of the Company’s fixed-rate subordinated notes. The agreements convert the fixed interest rates to variable interest rates.
The following table provides a summary of the Company's derivatives designated as fair value hedges as of the dates presented:

| Balance Sheet |  | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Location | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | Other Liabilities |  | $ | 100,000 |  |  | $ | 14,347 |  |  | $ | 100,000 |  |  | $ | 17,052 |

The following table presents the effects of the Company’s fair value hedge relationships on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods presented:

|  |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
| Income Statement | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| Location | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps - subordinated notes | Interest Expense |  | $ | 4,042 |  |  | $ | (2,688) |  |  | $ | 2,705 |  |  | $ | (2,106) |
Derivative liabilities - hedged items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps - subordinated notes | Interest Expense |  | $ | (4,042) |  |  | $ | 2,688 |  |  | $ | (2,705) |  |  | $ | 2,106 |

The following table presents the amounts that were recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges as of the dates presented:

|  | Carrying Amount of the Hedged Liability |  | Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Liability
Balance Sheet Location | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Long-term debt |  | $ | 84,626 |  |  | $ | 81,791 |  |  | $ | 14,348 |  |  | $ | 17,052 |

Offsetting
Certain financial instruments, including derivatives, may be eligible for offset in the consolidated balance sheet when the “right of offset” exists or when the instruments are subject to an enforceable master netting agreement, which includes the right of the non-defaulting party or non-affected party to offset recognized amounts, including collateral posted with the counterparty, to determine a net receivable or net payable upon early termination of the agreement. Certain of the Company’s derivative instruments are subject to master netting agreements; however, the Company has not elected to offset such financial instruments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table presents the Company’s gross derivative positions as recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as well as the net derivative positions, including collateral pledged to the extent the application of such collateral did not reduce the net derivative liability position below zero, had the Company elected to offset those instruments subject to an enforceable master netting agreement:
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| Offsetting Derivative Assets |  | Offsetting Derivative Liabilities
| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Gross amounts recognized | $ | 24,514 |  |  | $ | 29,284 |  |  | $ | 20,661 |  |  | $ | 26,425 |
Gross amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net amounts presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | 24,514 |  |  | 29,284 |  |  | 20,661 |  |  | 26,425 |
Gross amounts not offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial instruments | 19,285 |  |  | 23,863 |  |  | 19,285 |  |  | 23,863 |
Financial collateral pledged | — |  |  | — |  |  | 810 |  |  | 1,074 |
Net amounts | $ | 5,229 |  |  | $ | 5,421 |  |  | $ | 566 |  |  | $ | 1,488 |

Note 10 – Income Taxes

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the effective tax rate was 22.80% and 19.77%, respectively. The year-over-year increase in the Company’s effective tax rate was driven primarily by taxable gains from the sale of its insurance business, taxable effects from certain restructurings of the investment portfolio, and nondeductible expense related to the Company’s potential acquisition of The First Bancshares, Inc. The Company calculated the provision for income taxes by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date pre-tax income, and adjusting for discrete items that occurred during the period.
Note 11 – Fair Value Measurements
(In Thousands)
Fair Value Measurements and the Fair Level Hierarchy
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” provides guidance for using fair value to measure assets and liabilities and establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to a valuation based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1), moderate priority to a valuation based on quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities and/or based on assumptions that are observable in the market (Level 2), and the lowest priority to a valuation based on assumptions that are not observable in the market (Level 3).
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company carries certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis in accordance with applicable standards. The Company’s recurring fair value measurements are based on the requirement to carry such assets and liabilities at fair value or the Company’s election to carry certain eligible assets at fair value. Assets and liabilities that are required to be carried at fair value on a recurring basis include securities available for sale and derivative instruments. The Company has elected to carry mortgage loans held for sale at fair value on a recurring basis as permitted under the guidance in ASC 825, “Financial Instruments” (“ASC 825”).
The following methods and assumptions are used by the Company to estimate the fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured on a recurring basis:
Securities available for sale: Securities available for sale consist primarily of debt securities, such as obligations of U.S. Government agencies and corporations, obligations of states and political subdivisions and mortgage-backed securities. Where quoted market prices in active markets are available, securities are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. If quoted prices from active markets are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices for similar instruments traded in active markets, quoted market prices for identical or similar instruments traded in markets that are not active, or model-based valuation techniques where all significant assumptions are observable in the market. Such instruments are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. When assumptions used in model-based valuation techniques are not observable in the market, the assumptions used by management reflect estimates of assumptions used by other market participants in determining fair value. When there is limited transparency around the inputs to the valuation, the instruments are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Derivative instruments: Most of the Company’s derivative contracts are extensively traded in over-the-counter markets and are valued using discounted cash flow models which incorporate observable market based inputs including current market interest rates, credit spreads, and other factors. Such instruments are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and include interest rate swaps, interest rate collars and other interest rate contracts such as interest rate caps and/or floors. The Company’s interest rate lock commitments are valued using current market prices for mortgage-backed securities with similar characteristics, adjusted for certain factors including servicing and risk. The value of the Company’s forward commitments is based on current prices for securities backed by similar types of loans. Because these assumptions are observable in active markets, the Company’s interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Mortgage loans held for sale in loans held for sale: Mortgage loans held for sale are primarily agency loans which trade in active secondary markets. The fair value of these instruments is derived from current market pricing for similar loans, adjusted for differences in loan characteristics, including servicing and risk. Because the valuation is based on external pricing of similar instruments, mortgage loans held for sale are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
The following tables present assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates presented:

| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Totals
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | 764,844 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 764,844 |
Derivative instruments | — |  |  | 39,963 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,963 |
Mortgage loans held for sale in loans held for sale | — |  |  | 291,735 |  |  | — |  |  | 291,735 |
Total financial assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,096,542 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,096,542 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instruments: | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,555 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,555 |

| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Totals
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | 923,279 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 923,279 |
Derivative instruments | — |  |  | 37,151 |  |  | — |  |  | 37,151 |
Mortgage loans held for sale in loans held for sale | — |  |  | 179,756 |  |  | — |  |  | 179,756 |
Total financial assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,140,186 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,140,186 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instruments | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33,608 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33,608 |

The Company reviews fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Changes in the Company’s ability to observe inputs to the valuation may cause reclassification of certain assets or liabilities within the fair value hierarchy. Transfers between levels of the hierarchy are deemed to have occurred at the end of period. There were no such transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, there were no gains or losses included in earnings that were attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses related to assets or liabilities held at the end of each respective period that were measured on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
Certain assets and liabilities may be recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically are a result of the application of the lower of cost or market accounting or a write-down occurring during the period. The following tables provide the fair value measurement for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that were still held on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the dates presented and the level within the fair value hierarchy each is classified:
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

September 30, 2024 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Totals
Individually evaluated loans, net of allowance for credit losses | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42,248 |  |  | $ | 42,248 |
OREO | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | 29 |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42,277 |  |  | $ | 42,277 |

December 31, 2023 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Totals
Individually evaluated loans, net of allowance for credit losses | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,303 |  |  | $ | 21,303 |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,303 |  |  | $ | 21,303 |

The following methods and assumptions are used by the Company to estimate the fair values of the Company’s financial assets measured on a nonrecurring basis:
Individually evaluated loans: Individually evaluated loans are reviewed and evaluated for credit losses on at least a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly, taking into account the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. Collateral may be real estate and/or business assets including but not limited to equipment, inventory and accounts receivable. The fair value of real estate is determined based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers. The fair value of the business assets is generally based on amounts reported on the business’s financial statements. Appraised and reported values may be adjusted based on changes in market conditions from the time of valuation and management’s knowledge of the client and the client’s business. Since not all valuation inputs are observable, these nonrecurring fair value determinations are classified as Level 3. Individually evaluated loans that were measured or re-measured at fair value had a carrying value of $50,898 and $22,328 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and a specific reserve for these loans of $8,650 and $1,025 was included in the allowance for credit losses as of such dates.
Other real estate owned: OREO is comprised of commercial and residential real estate obtained in partial or total satisfaction of loan obligations. OREO acquired in settlement of indebtedness is recorded at the fair value of the real estate less estimated costs to sell. Subsequently, it may be necessary to record nonrecurring fair value adjustments for declines in fair value. Fair value, when recorded, is determined based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers and adjusted for management’s estimates of costs to sell. Accordingly, values for OREO are classified as Level 3.
The following table presents OREO measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that was still held on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024. There was no impairment recognized during 2023 of OREO assets still held in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023.

| September 30, 2024 |  |
Carrying amount prior to remeasurement | $ | 62 |  |  |
Impairment recognized in results of operations | (33) |  |  |
Fair value | $ | 29 |  |  |

Mortgage servicing rights: Mortgage servicing rights are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Fair value is determined using an income approach with various assumptions including expected cash flows, market discount rates, prepayment speeds, servicing costs, and other factors. Because these factors are not all observable and include management’s assumptions, mortgage servicing rights are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Mortgage servicing rights were carried at amortized cost at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. There were no valuation adjustments on MSRs during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023.
The following table presents information as of September 30, 2024 about significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in the valuation of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Financial instrument | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs |  | Range of Inputs
Individually evaluated loans, net of allowance for credit losses | $ | 42,248 |  |  | Appraised value of collateral less estimated costs to sell |  | Estimated costs to sell |  | 4-10%
OREO | $ | 29 |  |  | Appraised value of property less estimated costs to sell |  | Estimated costs to sell |  | 4-10%

Fair Value Option
The Company has elected to measure all mortgage loans held for sale at fair value under the fair value option as permitted under ASC 825. Electing to measure these assets at fair value reduces certain timing differences and better matches the changes in fair value of the loans with changes in the fair value of derivative instruments used to economically hedge them.
A net gain of $1,826 and net loss of $256 resulting from fair value changes of these mortgage loans were recorded in income during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These amounts do not reflect changes in fair values of related derivative instruments used to hedge exposure to market-related risks associated with these mortgage loans. The change in fair value of both mortgage loans held for sale and the related derivative instruments are recorded in “Mortgage banking income” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The Company’s valuation of mortgage loans held for sale incorporates an assumption for credit risk; however, given the short-term period that the Company holds these loans, valuation adjustments attributable to instrument-specific credit risk is nominal. Interest income on mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value is accrued as it is earned based on contractual rates and is reflected in loan interest income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table summarizes the differences between the fair value and the principal balance for mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

| Aggregate Fair Value |  | Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Difference
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value | $ | 291,735 |  |  | $ | 284,647 |  |  | $ | 7,088 |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value | $ | 179,756 |  |  | $ | 174,471 |  |  | $ | 5,285 |

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments, including those assets and liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or nonrecurring basis, were as follows as of the dates presented:
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

|  |  | Fair Value
As of September 30, 2024 | Carrying Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,275,620 |  |  | $ | 1,275,620 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,275,620 |
Securities held to maturity | 1,150,531 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,068,968 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,068,968 |
Securities available for sale | 764,844 |  |  | — |  |  | 764,844 |  |  | — |  |  | 764,844 |
Loans held for sale | 291,735 |  |  | — |  |  | 291,735 |  |  | — |  |  | 291,735 |
Loans, net | 12,427,270 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,051,978 |  |  | 12,051,978 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 71,990 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 88,461 |  |  | 88,461 |
Derivative instruments | 39,963 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,963 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,963 |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 14,509,751 |  |  | $ | 11,816,487 |  |  | $ | 2,687,734 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,504,221 |
Short-term borrowings | 108,732 |  |  | 108,732 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 108,732 |
Junior subordinated debentures | 113,681 |  |  | — |  |  | 98,822 |  |  | — |  |  | 98,822 |
Subordinated notes | 319,496 |  |  | — |  |  | 286,140 |  |  | — |  |  | 286,140 |
Derivative instruments | 34,555 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,555 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,555 |

|  |  | Fair Value
As of December 31, 2023 | Carrying Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 801,351 |  |  | $ | 801,351 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 801,351 |
Securities held to maturity | 1,221,464 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,121,830 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,121,830 |
Securities available for sale | 923,279 |  |  | — |  |  | 923,279 |  |  | — |  |  | 923,279 |
Loans held for sale | 179,756 |  |  | — |  |  | 179,756 |  |  | — |  |  | 179,756 |
Loans, net | 12,152,652 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,594,363 |  |  | 11,594,363 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 91,688 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 117,664 |  |  | 117,664 |
Derivative instruments | 37,151 |  |  | — |  |  | 37,151 |  |  | — |  |  | 37,151 |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 14,076,785 |  |  | $ | 11,381,556 |  |  | $ | 2,678,494 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,060,050 |
Short-term borrowings | 307,577 |  |  | 307,577 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 307,577 |
Junior subordinated debentures | 112,978 |  |  | — |  |  | 96,435 |  |  | — |  |  | 96,435 |
Subordinated notes | 316,422 |  |  | — |  |  | 255,192 |  |  | — |  |  | 255,192 |
Derivative instruments | 33,608 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,608 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,608 |

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 12 – Other Comprehensive Income
(In Thousands)
Changes in the components of other comprehensive income, net of tax, were as follows for the periods presented:

| Pre-Tax |  | Tax Expense (Benefit) |  | Net of Tax
Three months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains on securities | $ | 31,313 |  |  | $ | 7,872 |  |  | $ | 23,441 |
Amortization of unrealized holding losses on securities transferred to the held to maturity category | 3,131 |  |  | 800 |  |  | 2,331 |
Total securities available for sale | 34,444 |  |  | 8,672 |  |  | 25,772 |
Derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding losses on derivative instruments | (1,116) |  |  | (288) |  |  | (828) |
Total derivative instruments | (1,116) |  |  | (288) |  |  | (828) |
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of net actuarial loss recognized in net periodic pension cost | 106 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 78 |
Total defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans | 106 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 78 |
Total other comprehensive income | $ | 33,434 |  |  | $ | 8,412 |  |  | $ | 25,022 |
Three months ended September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding losses on securities | $ | (17,175) |  |  | $ | (4,292) |  |  | $ | (12,883) |
Amortization of unrealized holding losses on securities transferred to the held to maturity category | 3,959 |  |  | 1,012 |  |  | 2,947 |
Total securities available for sale | (13,216) |  |  | (3,280) |  |  | (9,936) |
Derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains on derivative instruments | 2,670 |  |  | 683 |  |  | 1,987 |
Total derivative instruments | 2,670 |  |  | 683 |  |  | 1,987 |
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of net actuarial loss recognized in net periodic pension cost | 116 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 86 |
Total defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans | 116 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 86 |
Total other comprehensive loss | $ | (10,430) |  |  | $ | (2,567) |  |  | $ | (7,863) |

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| Pre-Tax |  | Tax Expense (Benefit) |  | Net of Tax
Nine months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains on securities | $ | 25,769 |  |  | $ | 6,494 |  |  | $ | 19,275 |
Amortization of unrealized holding losses on securities transferred to the held to maturity category | 9,658 |  |  | 2,468 |  |  | 7,190 |
Total securities available for sale | 35,427 |  |  | 8,962 |  |  | 26,465 |
Derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding losses on derivative instruments | (2,069) |  |  | (530) |  |  | (1,539) |
Total derivative instruments | (2,069) |  |  | (530) |  |  | (1,539) |
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of net actuarial loss recognized in net periodic pension cost | 317 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 236 |
Total defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans | 317 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 236 |
Total other comprehensive income | $ | 33,675 |  |  | $ | 8,513 |  |  | $ | 25,162 |
Nine months ended September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding losses on securities | $ | (17,744) |  |  | $ | (4,462) |  |  | $ | (13,282) |
Reclassification adjustment for losses realized in net income | 22,438 |  |  | 5,622 |  |  | 16,816 |
Amortization of unrealized holding losses on securities transferred to the held to maturity category | 10,113 |  |  | 2,586 |  |  | 7,527 |
Total securities available for sale | 14,807 |  |  | 3,746 |  |  | 11,061 |
Derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding losses on derivative instruments | (2,153) |  |  | (547) |  |  | (1,606) |
Total derivative instruments | (2,153) |  |  | (547) |  |  | (1,606) |
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of net actuarial loss recognized in net periodic pension cost | 347 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 258 |
Total defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans | 347 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 258 |
Total other comprehensive income | $ | 13,001 |  |  | $ | 3,288 |  |  | $ | 9,713 |

The accumulated balances for each component of other comprehensive loss, net of tax, were as follows as of the dates presented:

| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Unrealized losses on securities | $ | (137,019) |  |  | $ | (163,484) |
Unrealized gains on derivative instruments | 15,512 |  |  | 17,051 |
Unrecognized losses on defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans obligations | (7,587) |  |  | (7,823) |
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss | $ | (129,094) |  |  | $ | (154,256) |

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 13 – Net Income Per Common Share
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
Basic net income per common share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per common share reflects the pro forma dilution of shares outstanding, assuming outstanding service-based restricted stock awards fully vested, calculated in accordance with the treasury method. Basic and diluted net income per common share calculations are as follows for the periods presented:

| Three Months Ended
| September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Basic |  |  |
Net income applicable to common stock | $ | 72,455 |  |  | $ | 41,833 |
Average common shares outstanding | 61,217,094 |  |  | 56,138,618 |
Net income per common share - basic | $ | 1.18 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |
Diluted |  |  |
Net income applicable to common stock | $ | 72,455 |  |  | $ | 41,833 |
Average common shares outstanding | 61,217,094 |  |  | 56,138,618 |
Effect of dilutive stock-based compensation | 415,354 |  |  | 385,269 |
Average common shares outstanding - diluted | 61,632,448 |  |  | 56,523,887 |
Net income per common share - diluted | $ | 1.18 |  |  | $ | 0.74 |

| Nine Months Ended
| September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Basic |  |  |
Net income applicable to common stock | $ | 150,711 |  |  | $ | 116,554 |
Average common shares outstanding | 57,934,806 |  |  | 56,085,556 |
Net income per common share - basic | $ | 2.60 |  |  | $ | 2.08 |
Diluted |  |  |
Net income applicable to common stock | $ | 150,711 |  |  | $ | 116,554 |
Average common shares outstanding | 57,934,806 |  |  | 56,085,556 |
Effect of dilutive stock-based compensation | 362,748 |  |  | 308,401 |
Average common shares outstanding - diluted | 58,297,554 |  |  | 56,393,957 |
Net income per common share - diluted | $ | 2.59 |  |  | $ | 2.07 |

Stock-based compensation awards that could potentially dilute basic net income per common share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted net income per common share due to their anti-dilutive effect were as follows for the periods presented:

| Three Months Ended
| September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Number of shares | 1,000 |  | 1,000

| Nine Months Ended
| September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Number of shares | 1,000 |  | 24,146

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 14 – Regulatory Matters
(In Thousands)
The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
The Federal Reserve, the FDIC and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency have issued guidelines governing the levels of capital that bank holding companies and banks must maintain. Those guidelines specify capital tiers, which include the following classifications:

Capital Tiers | Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets (Leverage) |  | Common Equity Tier 1 to Risk - Weighted Assets |  | Tier 1 Capital to Risk - Weighted Assets |  | Total Capital to Risk - Weighted Assets
Well capitalized | 5% or above |  | 6.5% or above |  | 8% or above |  | 10% or above
Adequately capitalized | 4% or above |  | 4.5% or above |  | 6% or above |  | 8% or above
Undercapitalized | Less than 4% |  | Less than 4.5% |  | Less than 6% |  | Less than 8%
Significantly undercapitalized | Less than 3% |  | Less than 3% |  | Less than 4% |  | Less than 6%
Critically undercapitalized | Tangible Equity / Total Assets less than 2%

The following table provides the capital and risk-based capital and leverage ratios for the Company and for the Bank as of the dates presented:

| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
Renasant Corporation |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets (Leverage) | $ | 1,904,006 |  |  | 11.32 | % |  | $ | 1,578,918 |  |  | 9.62 | %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | 1,793,916 |  |  | 12.88 | % |  | 1,469,531 |  |  | 10.52 | %
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | 1,904,006 |  |  | 13.67 | % |  | 1,578,918 |  |  | 11.30 | %
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | 2,412,254 |  |  | 17.32 | % |  | 2,085,531 |  |  | 14.93 | %
Renasant Bank |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets (Leverage) | $ | 1,814,955 |  |  | 10.80 | % |  | $ | 1,714,965 |  |  | 10.45 | %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | 1,814,955 |  |  | 13.03 | % |  | 1,714,965 |  |  | 12.25 | %
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | 1,814,955 |  |  | 13.03 | % |  | 1,714,965 |  |  | 12.25 | %
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | 1,989,433 |  |  | 14.28 | % |  | 1,888,104 |  |  | 13.49 | %

The Company elected to take advantage of transitional relief offered by the Federal Reserve and the FDIC to delay for two years the estimated impact of ASC Topic 326, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses” (“ASC 326”), often referred to as CECL, on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transitional period to phase out the capital benefit provided by the two-year delay. The three-year transitional period began on January 1, 2022.
Note 15 – Segment Reporting
(In Thousands)
The operations of the Company’s reportable segments are described as follows:
•The Community Banks segment delivers a complete range of banking and financial services to individuals and small to medium-sized businesses including checking and savings accounts, business and personal loans, asset-based lending, factoring, equipment leasing and treasury management services, as well as safe deposit and night depository facilities.
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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
•For periods prior to the third quarter of 2024, the Insurance segment included a full service insurance agency offering all major lines of commercial and personal insurance through major carriers. Effective July 1, 2024, the Bank sold substantially all of the assets of its Insurance segment.
•The Wealth Management segment, through the Trust division, offers a broad range of fiduciary services including the administration (as trustee or in other fiduciary or representative capacities) of benefit plans, management of trust accounts, inclusive of personal and corporate benefit accounts, and custodial accounts, as well as accounting and money management for trust accounts. In addition, the Wealth Management segment, through the Financial Services division, provides specialized products and services to customers, which include fixed and variable annuities, mutual funds and other investment services through a third party broker-dealer.
To give the Company’s divisional management a more precise indication of the income and expenses they can control, the results of operations for the Community Banks, the Insurance and the Wealth Management segments reflect the direct revenues and expenses of each respective segment. Indirect revenues and expenses, including but not limited to income from the Company’s investment portfolio as well as certain costs associated with data processing and back office functions, primarily support the operations of the community banks and, therefore, are included in the results of the Community Banks segment. Included in “Other” are the operations of the holding company and other eliminations which are necessary for purposes of reconciling to the consolidated amounts.
The following tables provide financial information for the Company’s operating segments as of and for the periods presented:

| Community Banks |  |  |  |  |  | Wealth Management |  | Other |  | Consolidated
Three months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income (loss) | $ | 137,860 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | (6,877) |  |  | $ | 130,998 |
Provision for credit losses | 935 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 935 |
Noninterest income (loss) | 83,244 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,447 |  |  | (392) |  |  | 89,299 |
Noninterest expense | 117,035 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,511 |  |  | 437 |  |  | 121,983 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 103,134 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,951 |  |  | (7,706) |  |  | 97,379 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 26,867 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 47 |  |  | (1,990) |  |  | 24,924 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 76,267 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,904 |  |  | $ | (5,716) |  |  | $ | 72,455 |
Total assets | $ | 17,959,839 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,163 |  |  | $ | (2,162) |  |  | $ | 17,958,840 |
Goodwill | $ | 988,898 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 988,898 |

| Community Banks |  |  |  | Insurance |  | Wealth Management |  | Other |  | Consolidated
Three months ended September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income (loss) | $ | 133,901 |  |  |  |  | $ | 456 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | (6,990) |  |  | $ | 127,383 |
Provision for credit losses | 4,615 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,615 |
Noninterest income (loss) | 28,956 |  |  |  |  | 3,276 |  |  | 6,361 |  |  | (393) |  |  | 38,200 |
Noninterest expense | 100,902 |  |  |  |  | 2,237 |  |  | 4,739 |  |  | 491 |  |  | 108,369 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 57,340 |  |  |  |  | 1,495 |  |  | 1,638 |  |  | (7,874) |  |  | 52,599 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 12,339 |  |  |  |  | 387 |  |  | 72 |  |  | (2,032) |  |  | 10,766 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 45,001 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,108 |  |  | $ | 1,566 |  |  | $ | (5,842) |  |  | $ | 41,833 |
Total assets | $ | 17,143,564 |  |  |  |  | $ | 39,434 |  |  | $ | 5,077 |  |  | $ | (6,454) |  |  | $ | 17,181,621 |
Goodwill | $ | 988,898 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,767 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 991,665 |

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Renasant Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

| Community Banks |  |  |  | Insurance |  | Wealth Management |  | Other |  | Consolidated
Nine months ended September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income (loss) | $ | 398,970 |  |  |  |  | $ | 942 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | (20,645) |  |  | $ | 379,314 |
Provision for credit losses | 6,673 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,673 |
Noninterest income (loss) | 145,179 |  |  |  |  | 6,473 |  |  | 18,933 |  |  | (1,143) |  |  | 169,442 |
Noninterest expense | 327,541 |  |  |  |  | 4,392 |  |  | 13,725 |  |  | 1,213 |  |  | 346,871 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 209,935 |  |  |  |  | 3,023 |  |  | 5,255 |  |  | (23,001) |  |  | 195,212 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 49,507 |  |  |  |  | 785 |  |  | 147 |  |  | (5,937) |  |  | 44,502 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 160,428 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,238 |  |  | $ | 5,108 |  |  | $ | (17,064) |  |  | $ | 150,710 |
Total assets | $ | 17,959,839 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,163 |  |  | $ | (2,162) |  |  | $ | 17,958,840 |
Goodwill | $ | 988,898 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 988,898 |
Nine months ended September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income (loss) | $ | 412,070 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,170 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | (19,918) |  |  | $ | 393,374 |
Provision for credit losses | 13,075 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,075 |
Noninterest income (loss) | 66,895 |  |  |  |  | 9,497 |  |  | 17,524 |  |  | (1,197) |  |  | 92,719 |
Noninterest expense | 306,666 |  |  |  |  | 6,346 |  |  | 13,473 |  |  | 1,257 |  |  | 327,742 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 159,224 |  |  |  |  | 4,321 |  |  | 4,103 |  |  | (22,372) |  |  | 145,276 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 33,305 |  |  |  |  | 1,119 |  |  | 72 |  |  | (5,774) |  |  | 28,722 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 125,919 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,202 |  |  | $ | 4,031 |  |  | $ | (16,598) |  |  | $ | 116,554 |
Total assets | $ | 17,143,564 |  |  |  |  | $ | 39,434 |  |  | $ | 5,077 |  |  | $ | (6,454) |  |  | $ | 17,181,621 |
Goodwill | $ | 988,898 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,767 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 991,665 |

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
This Form 10-Q may contain or incorporate by reference statements regarding Renasant Corporation (referred to herein as the “Company”, “Renasant”, “we”, “our”, or “us”) that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Statements preceded by, followed by or that otherwise include the words “believes,” “expects,” “projects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “estimates,” “plans,” “potential,” “focus,” “possible,” “may increase,” “may fluctuate,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would” and “could,” are generally forward-looking in nature and not historical facts. Forward-looking statements include information about the Company’s future financial performance, business strategy, projected plans and objectives and are based on the current beliefs and expectations of management. The Company’s management believes these forward-looking statements are reasonable, but they are all inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. Actual results may differ from those indicated or implied in the forward-looking statements, and such differences may be material. Prospective investors are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties and, accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made.
Important factors currently known to management that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements include the following: (i) the Company’s ability to efficiently integrate acquisitions (including its recently-announced acquisition of The First Bancshares, Inc. described under the “Recent Developments” heading below) into its operations, retain the customers of these businesses, grow the acquired operations and realize the cost savings expected from an acquisition to the extent and in the timeframe anticipated by management (including the possibility that such cost savings will not be realized when expected, or at all, as a result of the impact of, or challenges arising from, the integration of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities into the Company, potential adverse reactions or changes to business or employee relationships, or as a result of other unexpected factors or events); (ii) potential exposure to unknown or contingent risks and liabilities we have acquired, or may acquire, or target for acquisition, including in connection with the proposed merger with The First Bancshares, Inc.; (iii) the effect of economic conditions and interest rates on a national, regional or international basis; (iv) timing and success of the implementation of changes in operations to achieve enhanced earnings or effect cost savings; (v) competitive pressures in the consumer finance, commercial finance, financial services, asset management, retail banking, factoring, mortgage lending and auto lending industries; (vi) the financial resources of, and products available from, competitors; (vii) changes in laws and regulations as well as changes in accounting standards; (viii) changes in policy by regulatory agencies or increased scrutiny by, and/or additional regulatory requirements of, regulatory agencies as a result of our proposed merger with The First Bancshares, Inc.; (ix) changes in the securities and foreign exchange markets; (x) the Company’s potential growth, including its entrance or expansion into new markets, and the need for sufficient capital to support that growth; (xi) changes in the quality or composition of the Company’s loan or investment portfolios, including adverse developments in borrower industries or in the repayment ability of individual borrowers or issuers of investment securities, or the impact of interest rates on the value of our investment securities portfolio; (xii) an insufficient allowance for credit losses as a result of inaccurate assumptions; (xiii) changes in the sources and costs of the capital we use to make loans and otherwise fund our operations, due to deposit outflows, changes in the mix of deposits and the cost and availability of borrowings; (xiv) general economic, market or business conditions, including the impact of inflation; (xv) changes in demand for loan and deposit products and other financial services; (xvi) concentrations of credit or deposit exposure; (xvii) changes or the lack of changes in interest rates, yield curves and interest rate spread relationships; (xviii) increased cybersecurity risk, including potential network breaches, business disruptions or financial losses; (xix) civil unrest, natural disasters, epidemics and other catastrophic events in the Company’s geographic area; (xx) geopolitical conditions, including acts or threats of terrorism, actions taken by the United States or other governments in response to acts or threats of terrorism and/or military conflicts, which could impact business and economic conditions in the United States and abroad; (xxi) the impact, extent and timing of technological changes; and (xxii) other circumstances, many of which are beyond management’s control. Management believes that the assumptions underlying the Company’s forward-looking statements are reasonable, but any of the assumptions could prove to be inaccurate.
The Company undertakes no obligation, and specifically disclaims any obligation, to update or revise forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information or to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results over time, except as required by federal securities laws.
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Recent Developments
Sale of Renasant Insurance, Inc.
Effective July 1, 2024, Renasant Bank sold substantially all of the assets of Renasant Insurance, Inc. for gross cash proceeds to Renasant Bank of $56,390. The sale resulted in a positive after-tax impact to earnings of $34,092, which is net of estimated transaction-related expenses. The financial effects of the sale are reflected in the third quarter of 2024.
Proposed Merger with The First Bancshares, Inc.
On July 29, 2024, the Company and The First Bancshares, Inc., a Mississippi corporation (“The First”), entered into an agreement and plan of merger, dated as of July 29, 2024 (the “Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, among other things, The First will merge with and into the Company, with the Company as the surviving entity in such merger (the “Merger”). Immediately following the Merger, The First’s subsidiary bank and Renasant Bank will enter into a subsidiary plan of merger, pursuant to which The First’s subsidiary bank will merge with and into Renasant Bank immediately after the Merger, with Renasant Bank as the surviving entity in such merger. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding share of common stock of The First will be converted into the right to receive one share of common stock of the Company.
The shareholders of the Company and The First approved the Merger at special meetings held on October 22, 2024. The Merger is expected to close in the first half of 2025 and is subject to certain closing conditions, including the receipt of required regulatory approvals.
Offering of Common Stock
On July 31, 2024, the Company completed its public offering of an aggregate of 7,187,500 shares of its common stock at a price of $32.00 per share, including 937,500 shares of common stock upon the exercise in full by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares. The aggregate gross proceeds were $230,000. The net proceeds of the offering after deducting underwriting discounts and other estimated offering expenses were approximately $217,000. The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the offering for general corporate purposes to support its continued growth, including investments in Renasant Bank and future strategic acquisitions.
Financial Condition
The following discussion provides details regarding the changes in significant balance sheet accounts at September 30, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023.
Assets
Total assets were $17,958,840 at September 30, 2024 compared to $17,360,535 at December 31, 2023.
Investments
The securities portfolio is used to provide a source for meeting liquidity needs and to supply securities to be used in collateralizing certain deposits and certain types of borrowings. The securities portfolio also serves as an outlet to deploy excess liquidity and generate interest income rather than hold excess funds as cash. The following table shows the carrying value of our securities portfolio by investment type and the percentage of such investment type relative to the entire securities portfolio as of the dates presented:
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| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Balance |  | Percentage of Portfolio |  | Balance |  | Percentage of Portfolio
Obligations of other U.S. Government agencies and corporations | $ | — |  |  | — | % |  | $ | — |  |  | — | %
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 304,012 |  |  | 15.87 |  |  | 322,764 |  |  | 15.05 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 1,444,397 |  |  | 75.41 |  |  | 1,695,604 |  |  | 79.06 |
Other debt securities | 166,998 |  |  | 8.72 |  |  | 126,407 |  |  | 5.89 |
| $ | 1,915,407 |  |  | 100.00 | % |  | $ | 2,144,775 |  |  | 100.00 | %
Allowance for credit losses - held to maturity securities | (32) |  |  |  |  | (32) |  |  |
Securities, net of allowance for credit losses | $ | 1,915,375 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,144,743 |  |  |

The Company purchased $60,656 and $9,646 in investment securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal payments on securities during the first nine months of 2024 totaled $142,480. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company sold from the available for sale portfolio municipal securities, residential mortgage backed securities and commercial mortgage backed securities for net proceeds of $177,185. The Company intended to sell these securities as of December 31, 2023; therefore, the Company impaired the securities and recognized the loss in net income as of December 31, 2023. The carrying value of the securities immediately prior to the impairment was $196,537, and the impairment charge was $19,352. No loss was recorded in the first nine months of 2024. Proceeds from the maturities, calls and principal payments on securities during the first nine months of 2023 totaled $208,095. The Company sold from the available for sale portfolio agency securities, municipal securities, residential mortgage backed securities and commercial mortgage backed securities with a carrying value of $511,419 at the time of sale for net proceeds of $488,981, resulting in a net loss on sale of $22,438 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The Company did not sell any securities during the third quarter of 2024 or 2023.
During the third quarter of 2022, the Company transferred, at fair value, $882,927 of securities from the available for sale portfolio to the held to maturity portfolio as the Company has the intent and ability to hold these securities until their maturity. The related net unrealized losses of $99,675 (after tax losses of $74,307) remained in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and will be amortized over the remaining life of the securities, offsetting the related amortization of discount on the transferred securities. At September 30, 2024, the net unrealized after tax losses remaining to be amortized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) was $51,332. No gains or losses were recognized at the time of transfer.
For more information about the Company’s security portfolio, see Note 2, “Securities,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company in Item 1, Financial Statements, in this report.
Loans Held for Sale
Loans held for sale, which consist of residential mortgage loans being held until they are sold in the secondary market, were $291,735 at September 30, 2024, as compared to $179,756 at December 31, 2023. Mortgage loans to be sold are sold either on a “best efforts” basis or under a mandatory delivery sales agreement. Under a “best efforts” sales agreement, residential real estate originations are locked in at a contractual rate with third party private investors or directly with government sponsored agencies, and the Company is obligated to sell the mortgages to such investors only if the mortgages are closed and funded. The risk we assume is conditioned upon loan underwriting and market conditions in the national mortgage market. Under a mandatory delivery sales agreement, the Company commits to deliver a certain principal amount of mortgage loans to an investor at a specified price and delivery date. Penalties are paid to the investor if we fail to satisfy the contract. Gains and losses are realized at the time consideration is received and all other criteria for sales treatment have been met. Our standard practice is to sell the loans within 30-40 days after the loan is funded. Although loan fees and some interest income are derived from mortgage loans held for sale, the main source of income is gains from the sale of these loans in the secondary market.
Loans
Total loans, excluding loans held for sale, were $12,627,648 at September 30, 2024 and $12,351,230 at December 31, 2023.
The tables below set forth the balance of loans outstanding, net of unearned income and excluding loans held for sale, by loan type and the percentage of each loan type to total loans as of the dates presented:
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| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Total Loans |  | Percentage of Total Loans |  | Total Loans |  | Percentage of Total Loans
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 1,804,961 |  |  | 14.29 | % |  | $ | 1,871,821 |  |  | 15.15 | %
Lease financing, net of unearned income | 98,159 |  |  | 0.78 |  |  | 116,020 |  |  | 0.94 |
Real estate – construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | 258,356 |  |  | 2.05 |  |  | 269,616 |  |  | 2.18 |
Commercial | 940,482 |  |  | 7.45 |  |  | 1,063,781 |  |  | 8.61 |
Total real estate – construction | 1,198,838 |  |  | 9.50 |  |  | 1,333,397 |  |  | 10.79 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary | 2,409,912 |  |  | 19.08 |  |  | 2,422,482 |  |  | 19.61 |
Home equity | 537,372 |  |  | 4.26 |  |  | 522,688 |  |  | 4.23 |
Rental/investment | 390,029 |  |  | 3.09 |  |  | 373,755 |  |  | 3.03 |
Land development | 102,725 |  |  | 0.81 |  |  | 120,994 |  |  | 0.98 |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 3,440,038 |  |  | 27.24 |  |  | 3,439,919 |  |  | 27.85 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | 1,845,791 |  |  | 14.61 |  |  | 1,648,961 |  |  | 13.35 |
Non-owner occupied | 4,045,666 |  |  | 32.04 |  |  | 3,733,174 |  |  | 30.23 |
Land development | 103,695 |  |  | 0.82 |  |  | 104,415 |  |  | 0.85 |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | 5,995,152 |  |  | 47.47 |  |  | 5,486,550 |  |  | 44.43 |
Installment loans to individuals | 90,500 |  |  | 0.72 |  |  | 103,523 |  |  | 0.84 |
Total loans, net of unearned income | $ | 12,627,648 |  |  | 100.00 | % |  | $ | 12,351,230 |  |  | 100.00 | %

Loan concentrations are considered to exist when there are amounts loaned to a number of borrowers engaged in similar activities that would cause them to be similarly impacted by economic or other conditions. At September 30, 2024, there were no concentrations of loans exceeding 10% of total loans which are not disclosed as a category of loans separate from the categories listed above.
Deposits
The Company relies on deposits as its primary source of funds. Total deposits were $14,509,751 and $14,076,785 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Noninterest-bearing deposits were $3,529,801 and $3,583,675 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, while interest-bearing deposits were $10,979,950 and $10,493,110 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Interest-bearing deposits included brokered deposits of $126,995 and $461,441 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Management continues to focus on growing and maintaining a stable source of funding, specifically noninterest-bearing deposits and other core deposits (that is, deposits excluding brokered deposits and time deposits greater than $250,000). Noninterest-bearing deposits represented 24.33% of total deposits at September 30, 2024, as compared to 25.46% of total deposits at December 31, 2023. The decrease in noninterest-bearing deposits as a percentage of total deposits primarily reflects deposit customers transferring noninterest-bearing deposits to interest-bearing deposits such as money market funds offered by the Company, other financial institutions and other financial services companies due to the elevated interest rate environment that continued in the first nine months of 2024. Under certain circumstances, management may elect to acquire non-core deposits (in the form of brokered deposits) or public fund deposits (which are deposits of counties, municipalities or other political subdivisions). The source of funds that we select depends on the terms of the deposits and how those terms assist us in mitigating interest rate risk, maintaining our liquidity position and managing our net interest margin; business factors, described in the following paragraph, may lead us to obtain public deposits. Accordingly, funds are acquired to meet anticipated funding needs at the rate and with other terms that, in management’s view, best address our interest rate risk, liquidity and net interest margin parameters.
Public fund deposits may be readily obtained based on the Company’s pricing bid in comparison with competitors. Because public fund deposits are obtained through a bid process, these deposit balances may fluctuate as competitive and market forces change. Although the Company has focused on growing stable sources of deposits to reduce reliance on public fund deposits, it participates in the bidding process for public fund deposits when pricing and other terms make it reasonable given market
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conditions or when management perceives that other factors, such as the public entity’s use of our treasury management or other products and services, make such participation advisable. Our public fund transaction accounts are principally obtained from public universities and municipalities, including school boards and utilities. Public fund deposits were $2,185,034 and $1,866,495 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and represented 15.06% and 13.26% of total deposits as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Borrowed Funds
Total borrowings include federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas (the “FHLB”), borrowings from the Federal Reserve Discount Window, subordinated notes and junior subordinated debentures and are classified on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either short-term borrowings or long-term debt. Short-term borrowings have original maturities less than one year and typically consist of federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and short-term FHLB advances. The following table presents our short-term borrowings by type as of the dates presented:

| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Security repurchase agreements | $ | 8,732 |  |  | $ | 7,577 |
Short-term borrowings from the FHLB | 100,000 |  |  | 300,000 |
| $ | 108,732 |  |  | $ | 307,577 |

Long-term debt typically consists of long-term FHLB advances, our junior subordinated debentures and our subordinated notes. The following table presents our long-term debt by type as of the dates presented:

| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Junior subordinated debentures | $ | 113,681 |  |  | $ | 112,978 |
Subordinated notes | 319,496 |  |  | 316,422 |
| $ | 433,177 |  |  | $ | 429,400 |

Long-term funds obtained from the FHLB are used to match-fund fixed rate loans in order to minimize interest rate risk and to meet day-to-day liquidity needs, particularly when the cost of such borrowing compares favorably to the rates that we would be required to pay to attract deposits. There were no long-term advances from the FHLB outstanding at September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023. All advances from the FHLB are collateralized by a blanket lien on the Bank’s loans. The Company had $3,449,164 of availability on unused lines of credit with the FHLB at September 30, 2024, as compared to $2,922,315 at December 31, 2023. The Company also had credit available at the Federal Reserve Discount Window in the amount of $634,636 with no borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
The Company has issued subordinated notes, the proceeds of which have been used for general corporate purposes, including providing capital to support the Company’s growth organically or through strategic acquisitions, repaying indebtedness and financing investments and capital expenditures, and for investments in Renasant Bank as regulatory capital. The subordinated notes qualify as Tier 2 capital under current regulatory guidelines.
The Company owns the outstanding common securities of business trusts that issued corporation-obligated mandatorily redeemable preferred capital securities to third-party investors. The trusts used the proceeds from the issuance of their preferred capital securities and common securities (collectively referred to as “capital securities”) to buy floating rate junior subordinated debentures issued by the Company (or by companies that the Company subsequently acquired). The debentures are the trusts’ only assets and interest payments from the debentures finance the distributions paid on the capital securities.
Results of Operations
Net Income
Net income for the third quarter of 2024 was $72,455 compared to net income of $41,833 for the third quarter of 2023. Basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) for the third quarter of 2024 were $1.18, as compared to basic and diluted EPS of $0.75 and $0.74, respectively for the third quarter of 2023. Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $150,710 compared to net income of $116,554 for the same period in 2023. Basic and diluted EPS were $2.60 and $2.59, respectively for the first nine months of 2024 as compared to $2.08 and 2.07, respectively for the first nine months of 2023.
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From time to time, the Company incurs expenses and charges or recognizes valuation adjustments in connection with certain transactions with respect to which management is unable to accurately predict when these items will be incurred or, when incurred, the amount of such items. The following table presents the impact of these items on reported EPS for the dates presented.

| Three Months Ended
| September 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
| Pre-tax | After-tax | Impact to Diluted EPS |  | Pre-tax | After-tax | Impact to Diluted EPS
Merger and conversion expenses | $ | 11,273 |  | $ | 9,456 |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Gain on sale of insurance agency | (53,349) |  | (38,951) |  | (0.63) |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |
| Nine Months Ended
| September 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
| Pre-tax | After-tax | Impact to Diluted EPS |  | Pre-tax | After-tax | Impact to Diluted EPS
Merger and conversion expenses | $ | 11,273 |  | $ | 9,456 |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Loss on sale of securities | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 22,438 |  | 17,859 |  | 0.31 |
Gain on sale of insurance agency | (53,349) |  | (38,951) |  | (0.67) |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |

Net Interest Income
Net interest income, the difference between interest earned on assets and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities, is the largest component of our net income, comprising 59.93% of total revenue (i.e., net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis and noninterest income) for the third quarter of 2024 (this percentage for the quarter was impacted by the noninterest income generated by the sale of our insurance agency business). The primary concerns in managing net interest income are the volume, mix and repricing of assets and liabilities.
Net interest income was $130,998 and $379,314 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to $127,383 and $393,374 for the same periods in 2023. On a tax equivalent basis, net interest income was $133,576 and $387,024 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to $130,131 and $401,745 for the same periods in 2023.
The following table sets forth average balance sheet data, including all major categories of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, together with the interest earned or interest paid and the average yield or average rate paid on each such category on a tax-equivalent basis for the periods presented:
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| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Yield/ Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Yield/ Rate
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans held for investment | $ | 12,584,104 |  |  | $ | 204,935 |  |  | 6.47 | % |  | $ | 12,030,109 |  |  | $ | 183,521 |  |  | 6.06 | %
Loans held for sale | 272,110 |  |  | 4,212 |  |  | 6.19 |  |  | 227,982 |  |  | 3,751 |  |  | 6.58 |
Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | 1,794,421 |  |  | 9,212 |  |  | 2.05 |  |  | 2,097,285 |  |  | 9,459 |  |  | 1.80 |
Tax-exempt(1) | 262,621 |  |  | 1,390 |  |  | 2.12 |  |  | 285,588 |  |  | 1,566 |  |  | 2.19 |
Interest-bearing balances with banks | 894,313 |  |  | 11,872 |  |  | 5.28 |  |  | 729,049 |  |  | 10,128 |  |  | 5.51 |
Total interest-earning assets | 15,807,569 |  |  | 231,621 |  |  | 5.82 |  |  | 15,370,013 |  |  | 208,425 |  |  | 5.39 |
Cash and due from banks | 189,425 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 180,708 |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets | 1,004,701 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,012,460 |  |  |  |  |
Other assets | 679,969 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 672,232 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 17,681,664 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,235,413 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand(2) | $ | 7,333,508 |  |  | $ | 60,326 |  |  | 3.26 | % |  | $ | 6,520,145 |  |  | $ | 41,464 |  |  | 2.52 | %
Savings deposits | 815,545 |  |  | 729 |  |  | 0.36 |  |  | 942,619 |  |  | 793 |  |  | 0.33 |
Brokered deposits | 150,991 |  |  | 1,998 |  |  | 5.25 |  |  | 947,387 |  |  | 12,732 |  |  | 5.33 |
Time deposits | 2,546,860 |  |  | 27,734 |  |  | 4.33 |  |  | 2,002,506 |  |  | 15,917 |  |  | 3.15 |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 10,846,904 |  |  | 90,787 |  |  | 3.32 |  |  | 10,412,657 |  |  | 70,906 |  |  | 2.70 |
Borrowed funds | 562,146 |  |  | 7,258 |  |  | 5.14 |  |  | 564,772 |  |  | 7,388 |  |  | 5.22 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 11,409,050 |  |  | 98,045 |  |  | 3.41 |  |  | 10,977,429 |  |  | 78,294 |  |  | 2.84 |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 3,509,266 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,800,160 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 209,762 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 226,219 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity | 2,553,586 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,231,605 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 17,681,664 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,235,413 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income/net interest margin |  |  | $ | 133,576 |  |  | 3.36 | % |  |  |  | $ | 130,131 |  |  | 3.36 | %

(1)U.S. Government and some U.S. Government Agency securities are tax-exempt in the states in which the Company operates.
(2)Interest-bearing demand deposits include interest-bearing transactional accounts and money market deposits.
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| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Yield/ Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Yield/ Rate
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans held for investment | $ | 12,522,802 |  |  | $ | 600,245 |  |  | 6.39 | % |  | $ | 11,866,662 |  |  | $ | 523,040 |  |  | 5.89 | %
Loans held for sale | 215,978 |  |  | 10,050 |  |  | 6.20 |  |  | 175,100 |  |  | 8,478 |  |  | 6.46 |
Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | 1,839,249 |  |  | 27,975 |  |  | 2.03 |  |  | 2,402,739 |  |  | 35,129 |  |  | 1.95 |
Tax-exempt(1) | 265,601 |  |  | 4,346 |  |  | 2.18 |  |  | 349,617 |  |  | 6,076 |  |  | 2.32 |
Interest-bearing balances with banks | 687,318 |  |  | 27,527 |  |  | 5.35 |  |  | 573,498 |  |  | 22,536 |  |  | 5.25 |
Total interest-earning assets | 15,530,948 |  |  | 670,143 |  |  | 5.75 |  |  | 15,367,616 |  |  | 595,259 |  |  | 5.18 |
Cash and due from banks | 188,485 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 189,324 |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets | 1,007,710 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,012,613 |  |  |  |  |
Other assets | 694,450 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 674,476 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 17,421,593 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,244,029 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand(2) | $ | 7,128,721 |  |  | $ | 168,958 |  |  | 3.16 | % |  | $ | 6,235,322 |  |  | $ | 90,947 |  |  | 1.95 | %
Savings deposits | 838,443 |  |  | 2,188 |  |  | 0.35 |  |  | 999,436 |  |  | 2,432 |  |  | 0.33 |
Brokered deposits | 296,550 |  |  | 11,929 |  |  | 5.36 |  |  | 719,603 |  |  | 27,445 |  |  | 5.10 |
Time deposits | 2,451,733 |  |  | 77,946 |  |  | 4.25 |  |  | 1,769,246 |  |  | 34,339 |  |  | 2.59 |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 10,715,447 |  |  | 261,021 |  |  | 3.25 |  |  | 9,723,607 |  |  | 155,163 |  |  | 2.13 |
Borrowed funds | 569,476 |  |  | 22,098 |  |  | 5.17 |  |  | 1,026,467 |  |  | 38,351 |  |  | 4.99 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 11,284,923 |  |  | 283,119 |  |  | 3.35 |  |  | 10,750,074 |  |  | 193,514 |  |  | 2.41 |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 3,512,318 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,073,265 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 221,932 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 208,491 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity | 2,402,420 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,212,199 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 17,421,593 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,244,029 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income/net interest margin |  |  | $ | 387,024 |  |  | 3.32 | % |  |  |  | $ | 401,745 |  |  | 3.49 | %

(1)U.S. Government and some U.S. Government Agency securities are tax-exempt in the states in which the Company operates.
(2)Interest-bearing demand deposits include interest-bearing transactional accounts and money market deposits.
The average balances of nonaccruing assets are included in the tables above. Interest income and weighted average yields on tax-exempt loans and securities have been computed on a fully tax equivalent basis assuming a federal tax rate of 21%.
Net interest margin and net interest income are influenced by internal and external factors. Internal factors include balance sheet changes in volume and mix and pricing decisions. External factors include changes in market interest rates, competition and other factors affecting the banking industry in general, and the shape of the interest rate yield curve. The largest contributing factor to the decrease in net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023, was the rising rate environment that began in 2022 and continued throughout 2023. The higher interest rates benefited yields on earning assets, but this increase was more than offset by an increase in interest expense. The rising interest rates negatively impacted both the cost and mix of our funding sources. The Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate by 50 basis points in September 2024, but it did not have a material impact on the Company’s results for the third quarter of 2024. The Company has continued its efforts to mitigate increases in the cost of funding through maintaining noninterest-bearing deposits, staying disciplined yet competitive in pricing on interest-bearing deposits in the current rate environment and accessing alternative sources of liquidity, such as brokered deposits. These efforts, coupled with loan growth, resulted in the growth of net interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023.
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The following tables set forth a summary of the changes in interest earned, on a tax equivalent basis, and interest paid resulting from changes in volume and rates for the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same periods in 2023 (the changes attributable to the combined impact of yield/rate and volume have been allocated on a pro-rata basis using the absolute value of amounts calculated):

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
| Volume |  | Rate |  | Net
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |
Loans held for investment | $ | 8,662 |  |  | $ | 12,752 |  |  | $ | 21,414 |
Loans held for sale | 695 |  |  | (234) |  |  | 461 |
Securities: |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | (1,499) |  |  | 1,252 |  |  | (247) |
Tax-exempt | (123) |  |  | (53) |  |  | (176) |
Interest-bearing balances with banks | 2,183 |  |  | (439) |  |  | 1,744 |
Total interest-earning assets | 9,918 |  |  | 13,278 |  |  | 23,196 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand deposits | 5,620 |  |  | 13,242 |  |  | 18,862 |
Savings deposits | (112) |  |  | 48 |  |  | (64) |
Brokered deposits | (10,542) |  |  | (192) |  |  | (10,734) |
Time deposits | 4,975 |  |  | 6,842 |  |  | 11,817 |
Borrowed funds | (45) |  |  | (85) |  |  | (130) |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | (104) |  |  | 19,855 |  |  | 19,751 |
Change in net interest income | $ | 10,022 |  |  | $ | (6,577) |  |  | $ | 3,445 |
| Nine months ended September 30, 2024 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
| Volume |  | Rate |  | Net
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |
Loans held for investment | $ | 30,357 |  |  | $ | 46,848 |  |  | $ | 77,205 |
Loans held for sale | 1,912 |  |  | (340) |  |  | 1,572 |
Securities: |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | (8,515) |  |  | 1,361 |  |  | (7,154) |
Tax-exempt | (1,391) |  |  | (339) |  |  | (1,730) |
Interest-bearing balances with banks | 4,572 |  |  | 419 |  |  | 4,991 |
Total interest-earning assets | 26,935 |  |  | 47,949 |  |  | 74,884 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand deposits | 14,651 |  |  | 63,360 |  |  | 78,011 |
Savings deposits | (405) |  |  | 161 |  |  | (244) |
Brokered deposits | (16,851) |  |  | 1,335 |  |  | (15,516) |
Time deposits | 16,456 |  |  | 27,151 |  |  | 43,607 |
Borrowed funds | (17,590) |  |  | 1,337 |  |  | (16,253) |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | (3,739) |  |  | 93,344 |  |  | 89,605 |
Change in net interest income | $ | 30,674 |  |  | $ | (45,395) |  |  | $ | (14,721) |

Interest income, on a tax equivalent basis, was $231,621 and $670,143 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to $208,425 and $595,259 for the same periods in 2023. The increase in interest income, on a tax equivalent basis, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same time periods in 2023 is due primarily to interest rate increases by the Federal Reserve beginning in 2022 and continuing into 2023.
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The following tables present the percentage of total average earning assets, by type and yield, for the periods presented:

| Percentage of Total Average Earning Assets |  | Yield
| Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Loans held for investment | 79.61 | % |  | 78.27 | % |  | 6.47 | % |  | 6.06 | %
Loans held for sale | 1.72 |  |  | 1.48 |  |  | 6.19 |  |  | 6.58 |
Securities | 13.01 |  |  | 15.50 |  |  | 2.06 |  |  | 1.85 |
Other | 5.66 |  |  | 4.75 |  |  | 5.28 |  |  | 5.51 |
Total earning assets | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 5.82 | % |  | 5.39 | %

| Percentage of Total Average Earning Assets |  | Yield
| Nine Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Loans held for investment | 80.63 | % |  | 77.22 | % |  | 6.39 | % |  | 5.89 | %
Loans held for sale | 1.39 |  |  | 1.14 |  |  | 6.20 |  |  | 6.46 |
Securities | 13.55 |  |  | 17.91 |  |  | 2.05 |  |  | 2.00 |
Interest-bearing balances with banks | 4.43 |  |  | 3.73 |  |  | 5.35 |  |  | 5.25 |
Total earning assets | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 5.75 | % |  | 5.18 | %

For the third quarter of 2024, interest income on loans held for investment, on a tax equivalent basis, increased $21,414 to $204,935 from $183,521 for the same period in 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, interest income on loans held for investment, on a tax equivalent basis, increased $77,205 to $600,245 from $523,040 in the same period in 2023. The Federal Reserve continued to raise interest rates in 2023, which positively impacted the Company’s loan pricing, and the year-to-date average balance of loans held for investment increased $686,140 from September 2023, thereby resulting in the increase in interest income on loans held for investment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same periods in 2023.
The impact from interest income collected on problem loans and purchase accounting adjustments on loans to total interest income on loans held for investment, loan yield and net interest margin is shown in the following table for the periods presented.

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net interest income collected on problem loans | $ | 642 |  |  | $ | (820) |  |  | $ | 619 |  |  | $ | (64) |
Accretable yield recognized on purchased loans | 1,089 |  |  | 1,290 |  |  | 2,786 |  |  | 3,049 |
Total impact to interest income on loans | $ | 1,731 |  |  | $ | 470 |  |  | $ | 3,405 |  |  | $ | 2,985 |
Impact to loan yield | 0.05 | % |  | 0.02 | % |  | 0.04 | % |  | 0.03 | %
Impact to net interest margin | 0.04 | % |  | 0.01 | % |  | 0.03 | % |  | 0.02 | %

Interest income on loans held for sale (consisting of mortgage loans held for sale) increased $461 to $4,212 for the third quarter of 2024 from $3,751 for the same period in 2023 and increased $1,572 to $10,050 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 from $8,478 for the same period in 2023.
Investment income, on a tax equivalent basis, decreased $423 to $10,602 for the third quarter of 2024 from $11,025 for the third quarter of 2023. Investment income, on a tax equivalent basis, decreased $8,884 to $32,321 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 from $41,205 for the same period in 2023. The Company sold a portion of its securities portfolio in each of the first quarter of 2024 and the second quarter of 2023, driving the decrease to investment income for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The tax equivalent yield on the investment portfolio for the third quarter of 2024 was
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2.06%, up 21 basis points from 1.85% for the same period in 2023. The tax equivalent yield on the investment portfolio for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was 2.05%, up five basis points from 2.00% for the same period in 2023.
Interest expense was $98,045 for the third quarter of 2024 as compared to $78,294 for the same period in 2023. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $283,119 as compared to $193,514 for the same period in 2023.
The following tables present, by type, the Company’s funding sources, which consist of total average deposits and borrowed funds, and the total cost of each funding source for the periods presented:

| Percentage of Total Average Deposits and Borrowed Funds |  | Cost of Funds
| Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Noninterest-bearing demand | 23.52 | % |  | 25.72 | % |  | — | % |  | — | %
Interest-bearing demand | 49.16 |  |  | 44.12 |  |  | 3.26 |  |  | 2.52 |
Savings | 5.47 |  |  | 6.38 |  |  | 0.36 |  |  | 0.33 |
Brokered deposits | 1.01 |  |  | 6.41 |  |  | 5.25 |  |  | 5.33 |
Time deposits | 17.07 |  |  | 13.55 |  |  | 4.33 |  |  | 3.15 |
Short term borrowings | 0.77 |  |  | 0.78 |  |  | 1.11 |  |  | 1.24 |
Subordinated notes | 2.24 |  |  | 2.28 |  |  | 5.50 |  |  | 5.57 |
Other borrowed funds | 0.76 |  |  | 0.76 |  |  | 8.17 |  |  | 8.25 |
Total deposits and borrowed funds | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 2.61 | % |  | 2.11 | %

| Percentage of Total Average Deposits and Borrowed Funds |  | Cost of Funds
| Nine Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Noninterest-bearing demand | 23.74 | % |  | 27.48 | % |  | — | % |  | — | %
Interest-bearing demand | 48.18 |  |  | 42.06 |  |  | 3.16 |  |  | 1.95 |
Savings | 5.67 |  |  | 6.74 |  |  | 0.35 |  |  | 0.33 |
Brokered deposits | 2.00 |  |  | 4.85 |  |  | 5.36 |  |  | 5.10 |
Time deposits | 16.57 |  |  | 11.94 |  |  | 4.25 |  |  | 2.59 |
Short-term borrowings | 0.83 |  |  | 3.90 |  |  | 1.44 |  |  | 4.24 |
Subordinated notes | 2.25 |  |  | 2.27 |  |  | 5.51 |  |  | 5.30 |
Other long term borrowings | 0.76 |  |  | 0.76 |  |  | 8.23 |  |  | 7.93 |
Total deposits and borrowed funds | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 2.55 | % |  | 1.75 | %

Interest expense on deposits was $90,787 and $70,906 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and the cost of total deposits was 2.51% and 1.98% for the same respective periods. Interest expense on deposits was $261,021 and $155,163 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and the cost of total deposits was 2.45% and 1.50% for the same respective periods. The increase in both deposit expense and cost is attributable to the Company’s efforts to offer competitive deposit rates in the high interest rate environment. Following the bank failures and broader industry concerns about bank liquidity that arose in March 2023, the Company maintained additional on-balance sheet liquidity, primarily in the form of brokered deposits and short-term FHLB advances. As risks abated, the Company repaid the advances and has allowed brokered deposits to mature, mitigating to some degree the impact of rising rates on our deposit costs. The Company has continued its efforts to maintain non-interest bearing deposits. Low cost deposits continue to be the preferred choice of funding; however, the Company may rely on brokered deposits or wholesale borrowings when advantageous or otherwise deemed advisable due to market conditions.
Interest expense on total borrowings was $7,258 and $7,388 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Interest expense on total borrowings was $22,098 and $38,351 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease in interest expense on borrowings is a result of the repayment of FHLB borrowings during 2023 and the first quarter of 2024.
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A more detailed discussion of the cost of our funding sources is set forth below under the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in this Item.
Noninterest Income

Noninterest Income to Average Assets
Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
2.01% |  | 0.88% |  | 1.30% |  | 0.72%

Total noninterest income includes fees generated from deposit services and other fees and commissions, income from our insurance, wealth management and mortgage banking operations, realized gains and losses on the sale of securities, the gain from the sale of our insurance agency and all other noninterest income. Our focus is to develop and enhance our products that generate noninterest income in order to diversify revenue sources. Noninterest income was $89,299 for the third quarter of 2024 as compared to $38,200 for the same period in 2023. Noninterest income was $169,442 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $92,719 for the same period in 2023. The increase over the three and nine month periods is primarily due to the gain on sale of our insurance agency business on July 1, 2024, as described under the “Recent Developments” heading above. Noninterest income in future periods will be negatively impacted by this sale, as we will no longer earn insurance commissions (the amount of these commissions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are described below).
Service charges on deposit accounts include maintenance fees on accounts, per item charges, account enhancement charges for additional packaged benefits and overdraft fees (which encompasses traditional overdraft fees as well as non-sufficient funds fees). Service charges on deposit accounts were $10,438 and $9,743 for the third quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $31,230 and $28,596 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Overdraft fees, the largest component of service charges on deposits, were $5,122 for the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to $5,065 for the same period in 2023. These fees were $15,380 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $14,734 for the same period in 2023.
Fees and commissions were $4,116 during the third quarter of 2024 as compared to $4,108 for the same period in 2023, and were $12,009 for the first nine months of 2024 as compared to $13,771 for the same period in 2023. Fees and commissions include fees related to deposit services, such as ATM fees and interchange fees on debit card transactions, and lending services, such as collateral management fees and unused commitment fees. For the third quarter of 2024, interchange fees were $2,246 as compared to $2,337 for the same period in 2023. Interchange fees were $6,697 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $7,130 for the same period in 2023.
Prior to its sale on July 1, 2024, Renasant Insurance offered a range of commercial and personal insurance products through major insurance carriers. Income earned on insurance products was $3,264 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and was $5,474 and $8,519 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Our Wealth Management segment has two divisions: Trust and Financial Services. The Trust division operates on a custodial basis, which includes administration of benefit plans, as well as accounting and money management for trust accounts. The division manages a number of trust accounts inclusive of personal and corporate benefit accounts, IRAs, and custodial accounts. Fees for managing these accounts are based on changes in market values of the assets under management in the account, with the amount of the fee depending on the type of account. The Financial Services division provides specialized products and services to our customers, which include fixed and variable annuities, mutual funds, and stocks offered through a third party provider. Wealth Management revenue was $5,835 for the third quarter of 2024 compared to $5,986 for the same period in 2023, and was $17,188 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $16,464 for the same period in 2023. The market value of assets under management or administration was $5,694,433 and $4,999,504 at September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively.
Mortgage banking income is derived from the origination and sale of mortgage loans and the servicing of mortgage loans that the Company has sold but retained the right to service. Although loan fees and some interest income are derived from mortgage loans held for sale, the main source of income is gains from the sale of these loans in the secondary market. Interest rate lock commitments and originations of mortgage loans to be sold totaled $543,597 and $412,059, respectively, in the third quarter of 2024 compared to $494,442 and $397,355, respectively for the same period in 2023. Interest rate lock commitments and originations of mortgage loans to be sold totaled $1,548,198 and $1,053,190 in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $1,734,035 and $1,057,277 for the same period in 2023. The decrease in interest rate lock commitments for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same period in 2023 was due to continued increases in mortgage interest rates during 2023, significantly dampening demand for mortgages nationwide. In the first quarter of 2024, the Company
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sold a portion of its mortgage servicing rights portfolio with a carrying value of $19,539 for a pre-tax gain of $3,472. The table below presents the components of mortgage banking income included in noninterest income for the periods presented.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Gain on sales of loans, net (1) | $ | 4,499 |  |  | $ | 3,297 |  |  | $ | 14,233 |  |  | $ | 12,713 |
Fees, net | 2,646 |  |  | 2,376 |  |  | 7,366 |  |  | 7,041 |
Mortgage servicing income, net(2) | 1,302 |  |  | 1,860 |  |  | 7,916 |  |  | 6,067 |
Mortgage banking income, net | $ | 8,447 |  |  | $ | 7,533 |  |  | $ | 29,515 |  |  | $ | 25,821 |

(1) Gain on sales of loans, net includes pipeline fair value adjustments
(2) Mortgage servicing income, net includes gain on sale of MSR
Bank-owned life insurance (“BOLI”) income is derived from changes in the cash surrender value of the bank-owned life insurance policies and proceeds received upon the death of covered individuals. BOLI income was $2,858 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $2,469 for the same period in 2023, and $8,250 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $7,874 for the same period in 2023.
Other noninterest income was $4,256 and $5,097 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and was $12,371 and $14,112 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Other noninterest income includes income from our SBA banking division, our capital markets division and other miscellaneous income and can fluctuate based on production in our SBA banking and capital markets divisions and recognition of other seasonal income items.
Noninterest Expense

Noninterest Expense to Average Assets
Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
2.74% |  | 2.49% |  | 2.66% |  | 2.54%

Noninterest expense was $121,983 and $108,369 for the third quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively, and was $346,871 and $327,742 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase is primarily due to $11,273 in expenses relating to the proposed merger with The First and the sale of substantially all of the assets of Renasant Insurance.
Salaries and employee benefits increased $1,849 to $71,307 for the third quarter of 2024 as compared to $69,458 for the same period in 2023. Salaries and employee benefits increased $3,581 to $213,508 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $209,927 for the same period in 2023. The minimal change in salaries and employee benefits is primarily due to annual merit increases implemented in April 2024 and an increase in the cost associated with the Company’s health and welfare benefits offered to its employees offset by decreases in salaries and benefits within our mortgage division attributable to declines in mortgage production as well as the termination of insurance employees following the sale of substantially all of the assets of Renasant Insurance.
Data processing costs were $4,133 in the third quarter of 2024 as compared to $3,907 for the same period in 2023 and were $11,885 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $11,224 for the same period in 2023. The Company continues to examine new and existing contracts to negotiate favorable terms to offset the increased variable cost components of our data processing costs, such as new accounts and increased transaction volume.
Net occupancy and equipment expense for the third quarter of 2024 was $11,415, as compared to $11,548 for the same period in 2023. These expenses for the first nine months of 2024 were $34,648, as compared to $34,818 for the same period in 2023.
Professional fees include fees for legal and accounting services, such as routine litigation matters, external audit services as well as assistance in complying with newly-enacted and existing banking and other governmental regulations. Professional fees were $3,189 for the third quarter of 2024 as compared to $3,338 for the same period in 2023 and were $9,732 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $10,817 for the same period in 2023.
Advertising and public relations expense was $3,677 for the third quarter of 2024 as compared to $3,474 for the same period in 2023 and was $12,370 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $11,642 for the same period in 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company contributed approximately $1,305 and $1,292, respectively, to charitable organizations throughout Mississippi and Georgia, which contributions are included in our advertising and public relations expense, for which it received a dollar-for-dollar tax credit.
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Amortization of intangible assets totaled $1,160 and $1,311 for the third quarter of 2024 and 2023 and $3,558 and $4,106 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This amortization relates to finite-lived intangible assets which are being amortized over the useful lives as determined at acquisition. These finite-lived intangible assets have remaining estimated useful lives ranging from approximately 1 year to 7 years.
Communication expenses, those expenses incurred for communication to clients and between employees, were $2,176 for the third quarter of 2024 as compared to $2,006 for the same period in 2023. Communication expenses were $6,312 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $6,212 for the same period in 2023.
Other noninterest expense includes business development and travel expenses, other discretionary expenses, loan fees expense and other miscellaneous fees and operating expenses. Other noninterest expense was $13,597 and $43,317 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $13,447 and $39,035 for the same periods in 2023. The increase in other noninterest expense is primarily attributable to lower mortgage deferred loan origination expense in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The amount of loan origination expense deferred is directly correlated to the volume and mix of our loan production during the period. The Company also accrued $700 for an FDIC deposit insurance special assessment in the first quarter of 2024.
Efficiency Ratio

| Efficiency Ratio
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Efficiency ratio | 54.73 | % |  | 64.38 | % |  | 62.33 | % |  | 66.28 | %

The efficiency ratio is a measure of productivity in the banking industry. (This ratio is a measure of our ability to turn expenses into revenue. That is, the ratio is designed to reflect the percentage of one dollar that we must expend to generate a dollar of revenue.) The Company calculates this ratio by dividing noninterest expense by the sum of net interest income on a fully tax equivalent basis and noninterest income. The efficiency ratio for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was impacted by the noninterest income generated by the sale of our insurance agency business. We remain committed to aggressively managing our costs within the framework of our business model. Our goal is to improve the efficiency ratio over time from currently reported levels as a result of revenue growth while at the same time controlling noninterest expenses.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense for the third quarter of 2024 and 2023 was $24,924 and $10,766, respectively, and $44,502 and $28,722 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in income tax expense is primarily due to the increase in pre-tax income generated from the gain on sale of substantially all of the assets of the insurance agency, nondeductible expenses from the planned acquisition of The First and certain changes to the Company’s investment portfolio.
Risk Management
The management of risk is an on-going process. Primary risks that are associated with the Company include credit, interest rate and liquidity risk. Credit risk and interest rate risk are discussed below, while liquidity risk is discussed in the next subsection under the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
Credit Risk and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Unfunded Commitments
Management of Credit Risk. Inherent in any lending activity is credit risk, that is, the risk of loss should a borrower default. Credit risk is monitored and managed on an ongoing basis by our credit administration department, our problem asset resolution committee and the Board of Directors Credit Review Committee. Oversight of the Company’s lending operations (including adherence to our policies and procedures governing the loan approval and monitoring process), credit quality and loss mitigation are major concerns of credit administration and these committees. The Company’s central appraisal review department reviews and approves third-party appraisals obtained by the Company on real estate collateral and monitors loan maturities to ensure updated appraisals are obtained. This department is managed by a State Certified General Real Estate Appraiser and employs three additional State Certified General Real Estate Appraisers and four real estate evaluators. In addition, we maintain a loan review staff to independently monitor loan quality and lending practices. Loan review personnel monitor and, if necessary, adjust the grades assigned to loans through periodic examination, focusing their review on commercial and real estate loans rather than consumer and small balance consumer mortgage loans, such as 1-4 family mortgage loans.
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In compliance with loan policy, the lending staff is given lending limits based on their knowledge and experience. In addition, each lending officer’s prior performance is evaluated for credit quality and compliance as a tool for establishing and enhancing lending limits. Before funds are advanced on consumer and commercial loans below certain dollar thresholds, loans are reviewed and scored using centralized underwriting methodologies. Loan quality, or “risk-rating,” grades are assigned based upon certain factors, which include the scoring of the loans. This information is used to assist management in monitoring credit quality. Loan requests of amounts greater than an officer’s lending limit are reviewed for approval by senior credit officers or potentially the chief credit officer.
For loans with a commercial purpose, internal risk-rating grades are assigned by lending, credit administration and loan review personnel, based on an analysis of the financial and collateral strength and other credit attributes underlying each loan. Loan grades range from 10 to 95, with 10 being loans with the least credit risk.
Management’s problem asset resolution committee and the Board of Directors’ Credit Review Committee monitor loans that are past due or those that have been downgraded to criticized due to a decline in the collateral value or cash flow of the borrower. This information is used to assist management in monitoring credit quality. When the ultimate collectability of a loan’s principal is in doubt, wholly or partially, the loan is placed on nonaccrual.
After all collection efforts have failed, collateral securing loans may be repossessed and sold or, for loans secured by real estate, foreclosure proceedings initiated. The collateral is sold at public auction or private sale for fair market value (based upon recent appraisals as described above), with fees associated with the foreclosure being deducted from the sales price. The purchase price is applied to the outstanding loan balance. Any remaining balance is charged-off, which reduces the allowance for credit losses on loans. Charge-offs reflect the realization of losses in the portfolio that were recognized previously through the provision for credit losses on loans.
The Company’s practice is to charge off estimated losses as soon as management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed and such losses are reasonably quantified. Net charge-offs for the first nine months of 2024 were $6,348, or 0.07% of average loans (annualized), compared to net charge-offs of $10,566, or 0.12% of average loans (annualized), for the same period in 2023. The charge-offs were fully reserved for in the Company’s allowance for credit losses on loans. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance for credit losses on loans.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans; Provision for Credit Losses on Loans. The allowance for credit losses is available to absorb credit losses inherent in the loans held for investment portfolio. Management evaluates the adequacy of the allowance on a quarterly basis.
The appropriate level of the allowance is based on an ongoing analysis of the loan portfolio and represents an amount that management deems adequate to provide for inherent losses, including loans evaluated on a collective (pooled) basis and those evaluated on an individual basis as set forth in ASC 326. The credit loss estimation process involves procedures to appropriately consider the unique characteristics of the Company’s loan portfolio segments. Credit quality is assessed and monitored by evaluating various attributes, and the results of those evaluations are utilized in underwriting new loans and in the Company’s process for the estimation of expected credit losses. Credit quality monitoring procedures and indicators can include an assessment of problem loans, the types of loans, historical loss experience, new lending products, emerging credit trends, changes in the size and character of loan categories, and other factors, including our risk rating system, regulatory guidance and economic conditions, such as the unemployment rate and change in GDP in the national and local economies as well as trends in the market values of underlying collateral securing loans, all as determined based on input from management, loan review staff and other sources. This evaluation is complex and inherently subjective, as it requires estimates by management that are inherently uncertain and therefore susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. In future periods, evaluations of the overall loan portfolio, in light of the factors and forecasts then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance and provision for credit loss in those future periods.
The methodology for estimating the amount of expected credit losses reported in the allowance for credit losses has two basic components: first, a collective or pooled component for estimated expected credit losses for pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics; and second, an asset-specific component involving individual loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans and the measurement of expected credit losses for such individual loans.
•The allowance for credit losses for loans that share similar risk characteristics with other loans is calculated on a collective (or pooled) basis, where such loans are segregated into loan portfolio segments. In determining the allowance for credit losses on loans evaluated on a collective basis, the Company further categorizes the loan segments based on risk rating. The Company uses two CECL models: (1) for the Real Estate - 1-4 Family Mortgage, Real Estate - Construction and the Installment Loans to Individuals portfolio segments, the Company uses a loss rate model, based on average historical life-of-loan loss rates, and (2) for the Commercial, Real Estate - Commercial Mortgage and Lease Financing portfolio
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segments, the Company uses a probability of default/loss given default model, which calculates an expected loss percentage for each loan pool by considering (a) the probability of default, based on the migration of loans from performing (using risk ratings) to default using life-of-loan analysis periods, and (b) the historical severity of loss, based on the aggregate net lifetime losses incurred per loan pool.
The historical loss rates calculated as described above are adjusted, as necessary, for both internal and external qualitative factors where there are differences in the historical loss data of the Company and current or projected future conditions. Internal factors include loss history, changes in credit quality (including movement between risk ratings) and/or credit concentration and the nature and volume of the respective loan portfolio segments. External factors include current and reasonable and supportable forecasted economic conditions and changes in collateral values. These factors are used to adjust the historical loss rates (as described above) to ensure that they reflect management’s expectation of future conditions based on a reasonable and supportable forecast period. To the extent the lives of the loans in the portfolio extend beyond the period for which a reasonable and supportable forecast can be made, when necessary, the models immediately revert to the historical loss rates adjusted for qualitative factors related to current conditions.
•For loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans, an individual analysis is performed to determine the expected credit loss. If the respective loan is collateral dependent (that is, when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral), the expected credit loss is measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the fair value of the collateral. The fair value of collateral is initially based on external appraisals. Generally, collateral values for loans for which measurement of expected losses is dependent on the fair value of such collateral are updated every twelve months, either from external third parties or in-house certified appraisers. Third-party appraisals are obtained from a pre-approved list of independent, third-party, local appraisal firms. The fair value of the collateral derived from the external appraisal is then adjusted for the estimated cost to sell if repayment or satisfaction of a loan is dependent on the sale (rather than only on the operation) of the collateral. Other acceptable methods for determining the expected credit losses for individually evaluated loans (typically used for loans that are not collateral dependent) is a discounted cash flow approach or, if applicable, an observable market price. Once the expected credit loss amount is determined, an allowance equal to such expected credit loss is included in the allowance for credit losses.
In addition to its quarterly analysis of the allowance for credit losses, on a regular basis management and the Board of Directors review loan ratios. These ratios include the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans, net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans, nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans and the allowance coverage on nonperforming loans, among others. Also, management reviews past due ratios by officer, community bank and the Company as a whole.
The following table presents the allocation of the allowance for credit losses on loans by loan category and the percentage of loans in each category to total loans as of the dates presented:

| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | September 30, 2023
| Balance |  | % of Total |  | Balance |  | % of Total |  | Balance |  | % of Total
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 43,053 |  |  | 14.29 | % |  | $ | 43,980 |  |  | 15.15 | % |  | $ | 44,444 |  |  | 14.96 | %
Lease financing | 2,384 |  |  | 0.78 |  |  | 2,515 |  |  | 0.94 |  |  | 3,355 |  |  | 0.99 |
Real estate – construction | 16,656 |  |  | 9.50 |  |  | 18,612 |  |  | 10.79 |  |  | 19,656 |  |  | 11.57 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 47,219 |  |  | 27.24 |  |  | 47,283 |  |  | 27.85 |  |  | 45,799 |  |  | 27.94 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 82,087 |  |  | 47.47 |  |  | 77,020 |  |  | 44.43 |  |  | 75,233 |  |  | 43.65 |
Installment loans to individuals | 8,979 |  |  | 0.72 |  |  | 9,168 |  |  | 0.84 |  |  | 9,286 |  |  | 0.89 |
Total | $ | 200,378 |  |  | 100.00 | % |  | $ | 198,578 |  |  | 100.00 | % |  | $ | 197,773 |  |  | 100.00 | %

The provision for credit losses on loans charged to operating expense is an amount which, in the judgment of management, is necessary to maintain the allowance for credit losses on loans at a level that is believed to be adequate to meet the inherent risks of losses in our loan portfolio. The Company recorded a provision for credit losses on loans of $1,210 in the third quarter of 2024 and $8,148 in the first nine months of 2024, as compared to $5,315 in the third quarter of 2023 and $16,275 in the first nine months of 2023. The Company’s allowance for credit losses model considers economic projections, primarily the national unemployment rate and GDP, over a reasonable and supportable period of two years. Loan growth as well as changes in credit metrics that influenced our expectations of future credit losses, considered in the context of the existing balance of the
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allowance for credit losses, resulted in the Company’s model indicating that the aforementioned provision for credit losses on loans was appropriate during the first nine months of 2024.
The table below reflects the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans for the periods presented:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 199,871 |  |  | $ | 194,391 |  |  | $ | 198,578 |  |  | $ | 192,090 |
Impact of purchased credit deteriorated loans acquired during the period | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (26) |
Charge-offs |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | 347 |  |  | 2,252 |  |  | 882 |  |  | 7,720 |
Lease financing | 642 |  |  | 641 |  |  | 642 |  |  | 641 |
Real estate – construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 256 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 546 |  |  | 345 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,737 |  |  | 5,512 |
Installment loans to individuals | 649 |  |  | 607 |  |  | 1,379 |  |  | 1,997 |
Total charge-offs | 1,904 |  |  | 3,630 |  |  | 9,186 |  |  | 16,272 |
Recoveries |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, agricultural | 514 |  |  | 690 |  |  | 1,385 |  |  | 2,689 |
Lease financing | 8 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 13 |
Real estate – construction | — |  |  | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 57 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 375 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 11 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 697 |
Installment loans to individuals | 611 |  |  | 568 |  |  | 1,181 |  |  | 1,884 |
Total recoveries | 1,201 |  |  | 1,697 |  |  | 2,838 |  |  | 5,706 |
Net charge-offs | 703 |  |  | 1,933 |  |  | 6,348 |  |  | 10,566 |
Provision for credit losses on loans | 1,210 |  |  | 5,315 |  |  | 8,148 |  |  | 16,275 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 200,378 |  |  | $ | 197,773 |  |  | $ | 200,378 |  |  | $ | 197,773 |
Net charge-offs (annualized) to average loans | 0.02 | % |  | 0.06 | % |  | 0.07 | % |  | 0.12 | %
Net charge-offs to allowance for credit losses on loans | 0.35 | % |  | 0.98 | % |  | 3.17 | % |  | 5.34 | %
Allowance for credit losses on loans to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total loans |  |  |  |  | 1.59 | % |  | 1.63 | %
Nonperforming loans |  |  |  |  | 168.07 | % |  | 282.24 | %
Nonaccrual loans |  |  |  |  | 175.97 | % |  | 284.40 | %

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The table below reflects annualized net charge-offs (recoveries) to daily average loans outstanding, by loan category, during the periods presented:

| Nine Months Ended
| September 30, 2024 |  | September 30, 2023
| Net Charge-offs (Recoveries) | Average Loans | Annualized Net Charge-offs (Recoveries) to Average Loans |  | Net Charge-offs (Recoveries) | Average Loans | Annualized Net Charge-offs to Average Loans
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | (503) | $ | 1,850,707 | (0.04)% |  | $ | 5,031 | $ | 1,740,424 | 0.39%
Lease financing | 616 | 103,954 | 0.79% |  | 628 | 119,564 | 0.70%
Real estate – construction | — | 1,297,036 | —% |  | 9 | 1,336,385 | —%
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 416 | 3,422,711 | 0.02% |  | (30) | 3,373,754 | —%
Real estate – commercial mortgage | 5,621 | 5,752,206 | 0.13% |  | 4,815 | 5,183,733 | 0.12%
Installment loans to individuals | 198 | 96,188 | 0.27% |  | 113 | 112,802 | 0.13%
Total | $ | 6,348 | $ | 12,522,802 | 0.07% |  | $ | 10,566 | $ | 11,866,662 | 0.12%

The following table provides further details of the Company’s net charge-offs (recoveries) of loans secured by real estate for the periods presented:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Real estate – construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | $ | — |  |  | $ | (48) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |
Total real estate – construction | — |  |  | (48) |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary | 167 |  |  | (91) |  |  | 327 |  |  | (156) |
Home equity | 74 |  |  | (20) |  |  | 93 |  |  | 79 |
Rental/investment | (41) |  |  | 66 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 65 |
Land development | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (18) |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 200 |  |  | (51) |  |  | 416 |  |  | (30) |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | (9) |  |  | (205) |  |  | (68) |  |  | 113 |
Non-owner occupied | (1) |  |  | (3) |  |  | 5,682 |  |  | 4,702 |
Land development | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | (3) |  |  | (208) |  |  | 5,621 |  |  | 4,815 |
Total net charge-offs (recoveries) of loans secured by real estate | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | (307) |  |  | $ | 6,037 |  |  | $ | 4,794 |

Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Commitments; Provision for Credit Losses on Unfunded Commitments. The Company maintains a separate allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments, which is included in the “Other liabilities” line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Management estimates the amount of expected losses on unfunded loan commitments by calculating a likelihood of funding over the contractual period for exposures that are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company and applying the loss factors used in the allowance for credit losses on loans methodology described above to unfunded commitments for each loan type. No credit loss estimate is reported for off-balance-sheet credit exposures that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company. A roll-forward of the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is shown in the tables below.
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Three Months Ended September 30, | 2024 | 2023
Allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments: |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 15,718 |  | $ | 17,618 |
Recovery of provision for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments | (275) |  | (700) |
Ending balance | $ | 15,443 |  | $ | 16,918 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, | 2024 | 2023
Allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments: |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 16,918 |  | $ | 20,118 |
Recovery of provision for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments | (1,475) |  | (3,200) |
Ending balance | $ | 15,443 |  | $ | 16,918 |

Nonperforming Assets. Nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans and other real estate owned. Nonperforming loans are those on which the accrual of interest has stopped or loans which are contractually 90 days past due on which interest continues to accrue. Generally, the accrual of interest is discontinued when the full collection of principal or interest is in doubt or when the payment of principal or interest has been contractually 90 days past due, unless the obligation is both well secured and in the process of collection. Management, the problem asset resolution committee and our loan review staff closely monitor loans that are considered to be nonperforming.
Other real estate owned consists of properties acquired through foreclosure or acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure. These properties are carried at the lower of cost or fair market value based on appraised value less estimated selling costs. Losses arising at the time of foreclosure of properties are charged against the allowance for credit losses on loans. Reductions in the carrying value subsequent to acquisition are charged to earnings and are included in “Other real estate owned” in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table provides details of the Company’s nonperforming assets as of the dates presented.

|  | September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Nonaccruing loans |  | $ | 113,872 |  |  | $ | 68,816 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more |  | 5,351 |  |  | 554 |
Total nonperforming loans |  | 119,223 |  |  | 69,370 |
Other real estate owned |  | 9,136 |  |  | 9,622 |
Total nonperforming assets |  | $ | 128,359 |  |  | $ | 78,992 |
Nonperforming loans to total loans |  | 0.94 | % |  | 0.56 | %
Nonaccruing loans to total loans |  | 0.90 | % |  | 0.56 | %
Nonperforming assets to total assets |  | 0.71 | % |  | 0.46 | %

The following table presents nonperforming loans by loan category as of the dates presented:
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| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | September 30, 2023
Commercial, financial, agricultural | $ | 5,024 |  |  | $ | 6,282 |  |  | $ | 7,745 |
Lease financing | 614 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,048 |
Real estate – construction: |  |  |  |  |
Residential | 1,307 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total real estate – construction | 1,307 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate – 1-4 family mortgage: |  |  |  |  |
Primary | 55,076 |  |  | 44,174 |  |  | 42,072 |
Home equity | 3,296 |  |  | 2,849 |  |  | 2,598 |
Rental/investment | 927 |  |  | 2,238 |  |  | 2,647 |
Land development | 22 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 169 |
Total real estate – 1-4 family mortgage | 59,321 |  |  | 49,280 |  |  | 47,486 |
Real estate – commercial mortgage: |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied | 9,610 |  |  | 3,373 |  |  | 3,370 |
Non-owner occupied | 39,944 |  |  | 9,774 |  |  | 9,920 |
Land development | 3,169 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 247 |
Total real estate – commercial mortgage | 52,723 |  |  | 13,447 |  |  | 13,537 |
Installment loans to individuals | 234 |  |  | 361 |  |  | 257 |
Total nonperforming loans | $ | 119,223 |  |  | $ | 69,370 |  |  | $ | 70,073 |

Total nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans were 0.94% as of September 30, 2024 as compared to 0.56% and 0.77% as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The Company’s coverage ratio, or its allowance for credit losses on loans as a percentage of nonperforming loans, was 168.07% as of September 30, 2024 as compared to 286.26% as of December 31, 2023 and 282.24% as of September 30, 2023. The increase in nonperforming loans is due to a few larger loans, which management believes to be adequately reserved at September 30, 2024.
Management has evaluated loans classified as nonperforming and believes that all nonperforming loans have been adequately reserved for in the allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2024. Management also continually monitors past due loans for potential credit quality deterioration. Total loans 30-89 days past due but still accruing interest were $17,523, or 0.14% of total loans, at September 30, 2024 as compared to $54,031, or 0.44% of total loans, at December 31, 2023 and $13,641, or 0.11% of total loans, at September 30, 2023.
Certain modifications of loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay (including an extension of the amortization period), or a term extension, excluding covenant waivers and modification of contingent acceleration clauses, are required to be disclosed in accordance with ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” (“ASU 2022-02”). All modifications for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and which met the disclosure criteria in ASU 2022-02 were performing in accordance with their modified terms at September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The total amortized cost basis of loans that were experiencing financial difficulty, modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, were $15,747 and $6,497, respectively. Unused commitments totaled $464 and $721 at September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan has been subsequently deemed uncollectible, the loan, or portion of the loan, is charged off, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted accordingly. For more information about loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, see the information under the heading “Certain Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty” in Note 3, “Loans,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company in Item 1, Financial Statements.
The following table provides details of the Company’s other real estate owned, net of valuation allowance and direct write-downs, as of the dates presented:
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| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | September 30, 2023
Residential real estate | $ | 2,774 |  |  | $ | 1,211 |  |  | $ | 1,045 |
Commercial real estate | 6,336 |  |  | 8,407 |  |  | 8,182 |
Residential land development | 19 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Commercial land development | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |
Total other real estate owned | $ | 9,136 |  |  | $ | 9,622 |  |  | $ | 9,258 |

Changes in the Company’s other real estate owned were as follows:

| 2024 |  | 2023
Balance at January 1 | $ | 9,622 |  |  | $ | 1,763 |
Transfers of loans | 3,286 |  |  | 10,073 |
Impairments | (67) |  |  | (18) |
Dispositions | (1,323) |  |  | (2,544) |
Other | (2,382) |  |  | (16) |
Balance at September 30 | $ | 9,136 |  |  | $ | 9,258 |

Other real estate owned with a cost basis of $1,323 was sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, resulting in a net gain of $143, while other real estate owned with a cost basis of $2,544 was sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, resulting in a net gain of $289.
Interest Rate Risk
Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and rates. The majority of assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature and therefore differ greatly from most commercial and industrial companies that have significant investments in fixed assets and inventories. Our market risk arises primarily from interest rate risk inherent in lending, investing and deposit-taking activities. Management believes a significant impact on the Company’s financial results stems from our ability to react to changes in interest rates. A sudden and substantial change in interest rates may adversely impact our earnings because the interest rates borne by assets and liabilities do not change at the same speed, to the same extent or on the same basis. Changes in rates may also limit our liquidity, making it more costly for the Company to generate funds to make loans and to satisfy customers wishing to withdraw deposits.
Because of the impact of interest rate fluctuations on our profitability and liquidity, we actively monitor and manage our interest rate risk exposure. We have an Asset/Liability Committee (“ALCO”), which is comprised of various members of senior management and is authorized by the Board of Directors to monitor interest rate sensitivity and liquidity risk, over the short-, medium-, and long-term, and to make decisions relating to these processes. The ALCO’s goal is to structure our asset/liability composition to maximize net interest income while managing interest rate risk and preserving adequate liquidity so as to minimize the adverse impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income, liquidity and capital. We regularly monitor liquidity and stress our liquidity position in various simulated scenarios, which are incorporated in our contingency funding plan outlining different potential liquidity environments. The ALCO uses an asset/liability model as the primary quantitative tool in measuring the amount of interest rate risk associated with changing market rates. The model is used to perform both net interest income forecast simulations for multiple year horizons and economic value of equity (“EVE”) analyses, each under various interest rate scenarios.
Net interest income forecast simulations measure the short- and medium-term earnings exposure from changes in market interest rates in a rigorous and explicit fashion. Our current financial position is combined with assumptions regarding future business to calculate future net interest income under various hypothetical rate scenarios. EVE measures our long-term earnings exposure from changes in market rates of interest. EVE is defined as the present value of assets minus the present value of liabilities at a point in time for a given set of market rate assumptions. An increase in EVE due to a specified rate change indicates an improvement in the long-term earnings capacity of the balance sheet assuming that the rate change remains in effect over the life of the current balance sheet.
The following table presents the projected impact of a change in interest rates on (1) static EVE and (2) earnings at risk (that is, net interest income) for the 1-12 and 13-24 month periods commencing October 1, 2024, in each case as compared to the result under rates present in the market on September 30, 2024. The changes in interest rates assume an instantaneous and parallel shift in the yield curve and do not account for changes in the slope of the yield curve.
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|  | Percentage Change In:
Immediate Change in Rates of (in basis points): |  | Economic Value Equity (EVE) |  | Earning at Risk (Net Interest Income)
| Static |  | 1-12 Months |  | 13-24 Months
+100 |  | 3.74% |  | 2.67% |  | 3.99%
-100 |  | (4.68)% |  | (3.81)% |  | (5.15)%
-200 |  | (10.07)% |  | (7.28)% |  | (10.08)%

The rate shock results for the net interest income simulations for the next 24 months produce an asset sensitive position at September 30, 2024. The preceding measures assume no change in the size or asset/liability compositions of the balance sheet, and they do not reflect future actions the ALCO may undertake in response to such changes in interest rates.
The scenarios assume instantaneous movements in interest rates in increments described in the table above. As interest rates are adjusted over a period of time, it is our strategy to proactively change the volume and mix of our balance sheet in order to mitigate our interest rate risk. The computation of the prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes requires numerous assumptions, including asset prepayment speeds, the impact of competitive factors on our pricing of loans and deposits, the impact of market conditions on the securities yields and interest rates of our borrowings, how responsive our deposit repricing is to the change in market rates and the expected life of non-maturity deposits. These business assumptions are based upon our experience, business plans and published industry experience; however, such assumptions may not necessarily reflect the manner or timing in which cash flows, asset yields and liability costs respond to changes in market rates. Because these assumptions are inherently uncertain, actual results will differ from simulated results.
The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments, including interest rate contracts such as swaps, collars, caps and/or floors, forward commitments, and interest rate lock commitments, as part of its ongoing efforts to mitigate its interest rate risk exposure. For more information about the Company’s derivatives, see the information under the heading “Loan Commitments and Other Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements” in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section below and Note 9, “Derivative Instruments,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company in Item 1, Financial Statements. The next section also details our available sources of liquidity, both on and off-balance sheet.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity management is the ability to meet the cash flow requirements of customers who may be either depositors wishing to withdraw funds or borrowers needing assurance that sufficient funds will be available to meet their credit needs.
Core deposits, which are deposits excluding brokered deposits and time deposits greater than $250,000, are the major source of funds used by the Bank to meet cash flow needs. Maintaining the ability to acquire these funds as needed in a variety of markets is the key to assuring the Bank’s liquidity. We may also access the brokered deposit market where rates are favorable to other sources of liquidity (especially in light of collateral requirements for certain borrowings) and core deposits are not sufficient for meeting our current and anticipated short- or long-term liquidity needs. During the first nine months of 2024, brokered deposits decreased by $334,713 as compared to the balance at December 31, 2023. The Bank obtained brokered deposits in the amount of $120,345 during the first nine months of 2024 and paid down brokered deposits of $455,058 during the same period. Management continually monitors the Bank’s liquidity and non-core dependency ratios to ensure compliance with targets established by the ALCO.
Our investment portfolio is another alternative for meeting liquidity needs. These assets generally have readily available markets that offer conversions to cash as needed. Within the next twelve months, the securities portfolio is forecasted to generate cash flow through principal payments and maturities equal to approximately 11.64% of the carrying value of the total securities portfolio. Securities within our investment portfolio are also used to secure certain deposit types, short-term borrowings and derivative instruments. At September 30, 2024, securities with a carrying value of $824,163 were pledged to secure government, public fund and trust deposits and as collateral for short-term borrowings and derivative instruments as compared to securities with a carrying value of $895,044 similarly pledged at December 31, 2023.
Other sources available for meeting liquidity needs include federal funds purchased, short-term and long-term advances from the FHLB and borrowings from the Federal Reserve Discount Window. Interest is charged at the prevailing market rate on federal funds purchased, FHLB advances and borrowings from the Federal Reserve Discount Window. There were $100,000 in short-term borrowings from the FHLB at September 30, 2024, as compared to $300,000 at December 31, 2023. Long-term funds obtained from the FHLB are used to match-fund fixed rate loans in order to minimize interest rate risk and also are used to meet day-to-day liquidity needs, particularly when the cost of such borrowing compares favorably to the rates that we would
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be required to pay to attract deposits. There were no outstanding long-term advances with the FHLB at September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023. The total amount of the remaining credit available to us from the FHLB at September 30, 2024 was $3,449,164. The credit available at the Federal Reserve Discount Window at September 30, 2024 was $634,636 with no borrowings outstanding as of such date. We also maintain lines of credit with other commercial banks totaling $160,000. These are unsecured lines of credit with the majority maturing at various times within the next twelve months. There were no amounts outstanding under these lines of credit at September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
Finally, we can access the capital markets to meet liquidity needs. The Company maintains a shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The shelf registration statement, which was effective upon filing, allows the Company to raise capital from time to time through the sale of common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, debt securities, rights, warrants and units, or a combination thereof, subject to market conditions. Specific terms and prices will be determined at the time of any offering under a separate prospectus supplement that the Company will file with the SEC at the time of the specific offering. The proceeds of the sale of securities, if and when offered, will be used for general corporate purposes or as otherwise described in the prospectus supplement applicable to the offering and could include the expansion of the Company's banking and wealth management operations as well as other business opportunities. Our common stock offering described under the “Recent Developments” heading above reflects our access of the capital markets as described in this paragraph. In addition, in previous years, we have accessed the capital markets to generate liquidity in the form of subordinated notes. We have also assumed subordinated notes as part of acquisitions. The carrying value of subordinated notes, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, was $319,496 at September 30, 2024.
The following table presents, by type, the Company’s funding sources, which consist of total average deposits and borrowed funds, and the total cost of each funding source for the periods presented:

| Percentage of Total Average Deposits and Borrowed Funds |  | Cost of Funds
| Nine Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Noninterest-bearing demand | 23.74 | % |  | 27.48 | % |  | — | % |  | — | %
Interest-bearing demand | 48.18 |  |  | 42.06 |  |  | 3.16 |  |  | 1.95 |
Savings | 5.67 |  |  | 6.74 |  |  | 0.35 |  |  | 0.33 |
Brokered deposits | 2.00 |  |  | 4.85 |  |  | 5.36 |  |  | 5.10 |
Time deposits | 16.57 |  |  | 11.94 |  |  | 4.25 |  |  | 2.59 |
Short-term borrowings | 0.83 |  |  | 3.90 |  |  | 1.44 |  |  | 4.24 |
Subordinated notes | 2.25 |  |  | 2.27 |  |  | 5.51 |  |  | 5.30 |
Other borrowed funds | 0.76 |  |  | 0.76 |  |  | 8.23 |  |  | 7.93 |
Total deposits and borrowed funds | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 2.55 | % |  | 1.75 | %

The estimated amount of uninsured and uncollateralized deposits at September 30, 2024 was $4,574,707. Collateralized public funds over FDIC insurance limits were $1,804,840 at September 30, 2024.
Our strategy in choosing funds is focused on minimizing cost in the context of our balance sheet composition, interest rate risk position and liquidity forecast. Accordingly, management targets growth of core deposits, focusing on noninterest-bearing deposits. While we do not control the types of deposit instruments our clients choose, we do influence those choices with the rates and the deposit specials we offer. We constantly monitor our funds position and evaluate the effect that various funding sources have on our financial position.
Cash and cash equivalents were $1,275,620 at September 30, 2024, as compared to $741,156 at September 30, 2023. The increase is largely driven by growth in deposits and proceeds from the aforementioned common stock offering offset to some degree by the payoff of certain short-term borrowings.
Cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $25,572, as compared to cash provided by investing activities of $89,172 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Proceeds from the sale, maturity or call of securities within our investment portfolio were $319,665 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to $697,076 for the same period in 2023. A portion of the securities portfolio was sold during the first quarter of 2024, resulting in proceeds of $177,185 of which a portion were used to purchase higher yielding securities, while the remainder was used to fund loan growth. A portion of the securities portfolio was sold during the second quarter of 2023, resulting in proceeds of $488,981
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which were used to pay off short-term FHLB borrowings and to fund loan growth. Purchases of investment securities were $60,656 during the first nine months of 2024 and $9,646 for the same period in 2023.
Cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $411,366, as compared to cash provided by financing activities of $27,868 for the same period in 2023. Deposits increased $432,966 and $670,144 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Restrictions on Bank Dividends, Loans and Advances
The Company’s liquidity and capital resources, as well as its ability to pay dividends to its shareholders, are substantially dependent on the ability of Renasant Bank to transfer funds to the Company in the form of dividends, loans and advances. Under Mississippi law, a Mississippi bank may not pay dividends unless its earned surplus is in excess of three times capital stock. A Mississippi bank with earned surplus in excess of three times capital stock may pay a dividend, subject to the approval of the Mississippi Department of Banking and Consumer Finance (the “DBCF”). In addition, the FDIC also has the authority to prohibit the Bank from engaging in business practices that the FDIC considers to be unsafe or unsound, which, depending on the financial condition of the bank, could include the payment of dividends. Accordingly, the approval of the DBCF is required prior to the Bank paying dividends to the Company, and under certain circumstances the approval of the FDIC may be required.
Federal Reserve regulations also limit the amount the Bank may loan to the Company unless such loans are collateralized by specific obligations. At September 30, 2024, the maximum amount available for transfer from the Bank to the Company in the form of loans was $198,943. The Company maintains a $3,000 line of credit collateralized by cash with the Bank. There were no amounts outstanding under this line of credit at September 30, 2024.
These restrictions did not have any impact on the Company’s ability to meet its cash obligations in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, nor does management expect such restrictions to materially impact the Company’s ability to meet its currently-anticipated cash obligations.
Loan Commitments and Other Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company enters into loan commitments and standby letters of credit in the normal course of its business. Loan commitments are made to accommodate the financial needs of the Company’s customers. Standby letters of credit commit the Company to make payments on behalf of customers when certain specified future events occur. Both arrangements have credit risk essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers and are subject to the Company’s normal credit policies, including establishing a provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments. Collateral (e.g., securities, receivables, inventory, equipment, etc.) is obtained based on management’s credit assessment of the customer.
Loan commitments and standby letters of credit do not necessarily represent future cash requirements of the Company in that while the borrower has the ability to draw upon these commitments at any time, these commitments often expire without being drawn upon. The Company’s unfunded loan commitments and standby letters of credit outstanding were as follows as of the dates presented:

| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Loan commitments | $ | 2,826,873 |  |  | $ | 3,091,997 |
Standby letters of credit | 88,275 |  |  | 113,970 |

The Company closely monitors the amount of remaining future commitments to borrowers in light of prevailing economic conditions and adjusts these commitments and the provision related thereto as necessary; the Company also reviews these commitments as part of its analysis of loan concentrations within the loan portfolio. The Company will continue this process as new commitments are entered into or existing commitments are renewed. For a more detailed discussion related to the allowance and provision for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments, refer to the “Risk Management” section above.
The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments, including interest rate contracts such as swaps, collars, caps and/or floors, as part of its ongoing efforts to mitigate its interest rate risk exposure and to facilitate the needs of its customers. The Company enters into derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments to help its commercial customers manage their exposure to interest rate fluctuations. To mitigate the interest rate risk associated with these customer contracts, the Company enters into an offsetting derivative contract position with other financial institutions. The Company manages its credit risk, or potential risk of default by its commercial customers, through credit limit approval and monitoring procedures. At September 30, 2024, the Company had notional amounts of $830,409 on interest rate contracts with corporate customers and
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$833,761 in offsetting interest rate contracts with other financial institutions to mitigate the Company’s rate exposure on its corporate customers’ contracts and certain fixed rate loans.
Additionally, the Company enters into interest rate lock commitments with its customers to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with the commitments to fund fixed-rate and adjustable rate residential mortgage loans and also enters into forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans to secondary market investors.
The Company also enters into interest rate swap contracts on its FHLB borrowings and its junior subordinated debentures that are accounted for as cash flow hedges. Under each of these contracts, the Company pays a fixed rate of interest and receives a variable rate of interest. The Company entered into an interest rate swap contract on its subordinated notes that is accounted for as a fair value hedge. Under this contract, the Company pays a variable rate of interest and receives a fixed rate of interest. The Company utilizes interest rate collars to protect against interest rate fluctuations on certain variable-rate loans. Under these contracts, interest income is limited to the interest rate cap; however, interest income is protected when market rates fall below the floor strike rate.
For more information about the Company’s derivatives, see Note 9, “Derivative Instruments,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company in Item 1, Financial Statements.
Shareholders’ Equity and Regulatory Matters
Total shareholders’ equity of the Company was $2,658,078 at September 30, 2024 compared to $2,297,383 at December 31, 2023. Book value per share was $41.82 and $40.92 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The growth in shareholders’ equity was attributable to the previously mentioned common stock offering, current period earnings and declines in accumulated other comprehensive loss, offset by dividends declared.
In October 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program, authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $100,000 of its outstanding common stock. This program expired in October 2024 and was replaced with a new stock repurchase program authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $100,000 of its outstanding common stock, either in open market purchases or privately-negotiated transactions. The new repurchase program will remain in effect through October 2025 or, if earlier, the repurchase of the entire amount of common stock authorized to be repurchased. The Company did not repurchase any of its common stock under the previous stock repurchase program in the first nine months of 2024.
The Company has junior subordinated debentures with a carrying value of $113,681 at September 30, 2024, of which $110,090 is included in the Company’s Tier 1 capital. Federal Reserve guidelines limit the amount of securities that, similar to our junior subordinated debentures, are includable in Tier 1 capital, but these guidelines did not impact the debentures we include in Tier 1 capital at September 30, 2024. Although our existing junior subordinated debentures are currently unaffected by these Federal Reserve guidelines, on account of changes enacted as part of the Dodd-Frank Act, any new trust preferred securities are not includable in Tier 1 capital. Further, if we complete the proposed merger with The First (or we make any other acquisition of a financial institution) now that we have exceeded $15,000,000 in assets, we will lose Tier 1 treatment of our junior subordinated debentures.
The Company has subordinated notes with a par value of $336,400 at September 30, 2024, of which $333,844 is included in the Company’s Tier 2 capital.
The Federal Reserve, the FDIC and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency have issued guidelines governing the levels of capital that bank holding companies and banks must maintain. Those guidelines specify capital tiers, which include the following classifications:

Capital Tiers | Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets (Leverage) |  | Common Equity Tier 1 to Risk - Weighted Assets |  | Tier 1 Capital to Risk - Weighted Assets |  | Total Capital to Risk - Weighted Assets
Well capitalized | 5% or above |  | 6.5% or above |  | 8% or above |  | 10% or above
Adequately capitalized | 4% or above |  | 4.5% or above |  | 6% or above |  | 8% or above
Undercapitalized | Less than 4% |  | Less than 4.5% |  | Less than 6% |  | Less than 8%
Significantly undercapitalized | Less than 3% |  | Less than 3% |  | Less than 4% |  | Less than 6%
Critically undercapitalized | Tangible Equity / Total Assets less than 2%

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The following table provides the capital and risk-based capital and leverage ratios for the Company and for Renasant Bank as of the dates presented:

| Actual |  | Minimum Capital Requirement to be Well Capitalized |  | Minimum Capital Requirement to be Adequately Capitalized (including the Capital Conservation Buffer)
| Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Renasant Corporation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk-based capital ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio | $ | 1,793,916 |  |  | 12.88 | % |  | $ | 905,215 |  |  | 6.50 | % |  | $ | 974,847 |  |  | 7.00 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio | 1,904,006 |  |  | 13.67 |  |  | 1,114,111 |  |  | 8.00 |  |  | 1,183,743 |  |  | 8.50 |
Total risk-based capital ratio | 2,412,254 |  |  | 17.32 |  |  | 1,392,638 |  |  | 10.00 |  |  | 1,462,270 |  |  | 10.50 |
Leverage capital ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 leverage ratio | 1,904,006 |  |  | 11.32 |  |  | 841,001 |  |  | 5.00 |  |  | 672,801 |  |  | 4.00 |
Renasant Bank: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk-based capital ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio | $ | 1,814,955 |  |  | 13.03 | % |  | $ | 905,598 |  |  | 6.50 | % |  | $ | 975,259 |  |  | 7.00 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio | 1,814,955 |  |  | 13.03 |  |  | 1,114,582 |  |  | 8.00 |  |  | 1,184,243 |  |  | 8.50 |
Total risk-based capital ratio | 1,989,433 |  |  | 14.28 |  |  | 1,393,227 |  |  | 10.00 |  |  | 1,462,889 |  |  | 10.50 |
Leverage capital ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 leverage ratio | 1,814,955 |  |  | 10.80 |  |  | 840,402 |  |  | 5.00 |  |  | 672,322 |  |  | 4.00 |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Renasant Corporation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk-based capital ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio | $ | 1,469,531 |  |  | 10.52 | % |  | $ | 908,163 |  |  | 6.50 | % |  | $ | 978,022 |  |  | 7.00 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio | 1,578,918 |  |  | 11.30 |  |  | 1,117,740 |  |  | 8.00 |  |  | 1,187,598 |  |  | 8.50 |
Total risk-based capital ratio | 2,085,531 |  |  | 14.93 |  |  | 1,397,175 |  |  | 10.00 |  |  | 1,467,033 |  |  | 10.50 |
Leverage capital ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 leverage ratio | 1,578,918 |  |  | 9.62 |  |  | 820,428 |  |  | 5.00 |  |  | 656,342 |  |  | 4.00 |
Renasant Bank: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk-based capital ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio | $ | 1,714,965 |  |  | 12.25 | % |  | $ | 909,711 |  |  | 6.50 | % |  | $ | 979,689 |  |  | 7.00 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio | 1,714,965 |  |  | 12.25 |  |  | 1,119,644 |  |  | 8.00 |  |  | 1,189,622 |  |  | 8.50 |
Total risk-based capital ratio | 1,888,104 |  |  | 13.49 |  |  | 1,399,556 |  |  | 10.00 |  |  | 1,469,533 |  |  | 10.50 |
Leverage capital ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 leverage ratio | 1,714,965 |  |  | 10.45 |  |  | 820,761 |  |  | 5.00 |  |  | 656,608 |  |  | 4.00 |

The Company elected to take advantage of transitional relief offered by the Federal Reserve and FDIC to delay for two years the estimated impact of CECL on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transitional period to phase out the capital benefit provided by the two-year delay. The three-year transitional period began on January 1, 2022.
For more information regarding the capital adequacy guidelines applicable to the Company and Renasant Bank, please refer to Note 14, “Regulatory Matters,” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company in Item 1, Financial Statements.
Critical Accounting Estimates
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We have identified certain accounting estimates that involve significant judgment and estimates which can have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Our accounting policies are more fully described in Note 1, “Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 23, 2024. Actual amounts and values as of the balance sheet dates may be materially different from the amounts and values reported due to the inherent uncertainty in the estimation process. Also, future amounts and values could differ materially from those estimates due to changes in values and circumstances after the balance sheet date.
The critical accounting estimates that we believe to be the most critical in preparing our consolidated financial statements relate to the allowance for credit losses and acquisition accounting, which are described under “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Since December 31, 2023, there have been no material changes in these critical accounting estimates.
Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
There have been no material changes in our market risk since December 31, 2023. For additional information regarding our market risk, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 23, 2024.
Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) are effective for ensuring that information the Company is required to disclose in reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Principal Executive and Principal Financial Officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter covered by this quarterly report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
When evaluating the risk of an investment in the Company’s common stock, potential investors should carefully consider the risk factors appearing in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
On July 29, 2024, the Company announced that it had entered into a definitive merger agreement (the “Merger Agreement”) with The First Bancshares, Inc. (“The First”) under which the Company will acquire The First in an all-stock transaction (the “Merger”). The following represents material changes in the Company’s risk factors from the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Risks Relating to the Merger
Failure to complete the Merger could negatively affect our share price, future business and financial results.
Although we anticipate closing the Merger in the first half of 2025, we cannot guarantee when, or whether, the Merger will be completed. The completion of the Merger is subject to a number of customary conditions which must be fulfilled in order to complete the merger.
If the Merger is not completed for any reason, our ongoing business and financial results may be adversely affected and we will be subject to several risks, including:
•having to pay significant transaction costs without realizing any of the anticipated benefits of completing the Merger;
•failing to pursue other beneficial opportunities due to the focus of our management on the Merger, without realizing any of the anticipated benefits of completing the Merger;
•declines in our share price to the extent that the current market prices reflect an assumption by the market that the Merger will be completed; and
•becoming subject to litigation related to any failure to complete the Merger.
Regulatory approvals may not be received, may take longer than expected or may impose conditions that are not presently anticipated, cannot be met, or that could have an adverse effect on the combined company following the consummation of the Merger.
Before the Merger may be completed, various approvals, consents and/or non-objections must be obtained from bank regulatory authorities, including the Federal Reserve, FDIC, and the DBCF. Additionally, the U.S. Department of Justice has between 15 and 30 days following approval of the Merger by the Federal Reserve and FDIC, respectively, to challenge the approval on antitrust grounds.
In determining whether to grant their approvals, the regulatory agencies consider a variety of factors, including the regulatory standing of each party. These approvals could be delayed or not obtained at all, including due to an adverse development in either party’s regulatory standing or in any other factors considered by regulators in granting such approvals; governmental, political or community group inquiries, investigations or opposition; or changes in legislation or the political or regulatory environment generally.
The approvals that are granted may impose terms and conditions, limitations, obligations or costs, or place restrictions on the conduct of the combined company’s business or require changes to the terms of the Merger. There can be no assurance that regulators will not impose any such conditions, limitations, obligations or restrictions and that such conditions, limitations, obligations or restrictions will not have the effect of delaying the completion of any of the Merger, imposing additional material costs on or materially limiting the revenues of the combined company following the Merger or otherwise reduce the anticipated benefits of the Merger if the Merger were consummated successfully within the expected timeframe. In addition, there can be no assurance that any such conditions, terms, obligations or restrictions will not result in the delay or abandonment of the Merger. The completion of the Merger is conditioned on the receipt of the requisite regulatory approvals without the imposition of any materially financially burdensome regulatory condition and the expiration of all statutory waiting periods. Additionally, the completion of the Merger is conditioned on the absence of certain laws, orders, injunctions or decrees issued by any court or governmental entity of competent jurisdiction that would prevent, prohibit or make illegal the completion of the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.
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The federal banking agencies are in the process of revising their merger policies. In September 2024, the FDIC approved revisions to its Statement of Policy on Bank Merger Transactions, which updates the FDIC’s process for evaluating mergers and the principles that guide the FDIC’s review of proposed mergers. While the Federal Reserve has not issued a similar proposal, Federal Reserve Vice Chair for Supervision Michael Barr has stated that the Federal Reserve is working with the Department of Justice to update guidelines setting forth standards for the review of the competitive impact of a transaction. In addition, in September 2024 the Department of Justice withdrew from the 1995 Bank Merger Guidelines that it previously had used to review bank mergers, stating that its 2023 Merger Guidelines will apply to its review of bank mergers going forward. These regulatory revisions create uncertainty regarding how the agencies will review bank mergers and may make it more difficult and/or costly to obtain regulatory approval or otherwise result in more burdensome conditions in approval orders than the agencies have previously imposed.
Our ongoing business and financial results may be adversely affected by a delay in receipt of necessary regulatory approvals, a denial of a regulatory application, or the imposition of a burdensome regulatory condition.
Shareholder litigation could prevent or delay the completion of the Merger or otherwise negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Shareholders of The First have filed lawsuits against The First and its directors in connection with the Merger and Renasant shareholders may do the same. One of the conditions to the closing of the Merger is that no law, order, injunction or decree issued by any court or governmental entity of competent jurisdiction that would restrict, prohibit or make illegal the completion of the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement be in effect. While Renasant believes that the suits filed against The First and its directors are without merit, if any plaintiff were successful in obtaining an injunction prohibiting Renasant or The First from completing the Merger or any of the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, then such injunction may delay or prevent the effectiveness of the Merger and could result in significant costs to us, including any cost associated with the indemnification of our directors and officers. We may incur costs in connection with the defense or settlement of any shareholder lawsuits filed in connection with the Merger. Shareholder lawsuits may divert management attention from management of our business or operations. Such litigation could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and could prevent or delay the completion of the Merger.
We and The First will be subject to various uncertainties while the Merger is pending that could adversely affect our financial results or the anticipated benefits of the Merger.
Uncertainty about the effect of the Merger on counterparties to contracts, employees and other parties may have an adverse effect on us or the anticipated benefits of the Merger. These uncertainties could cause contract counterparties and others who deal with us or The First to seek to change existing business relationships with us or The First, and may impair our and The First’s ability to attract, retain and motivate key personnel until the Merger is completed and for a period of time thereafter. Employee retention and recruitment may be particularly challenging prior to completion of the Merger, as our employees and prospective employees, and the employees and prospective employees of The First, may experience uncertainty about their future roles with us following the Merger.
The pursuit of the Merger and the preparation for the integration of the two companies may place a significant burden on management and internal resources. Any significant diversion of management attention away from ongoing business and any difficulties encountered in the transition and integration process could affect our financial results prior to and/or following the completion of the Merger and could limit us from pursuing attractive business opportunities and making other changes to our business prior to completion of the Merger or termination of the Merger Agreement.
The First may have liabilities that are not known to us.
In connection with the Merger, we will assume all of The First’s liabilities by operation of law. There may be liabilities that we failed or were unable to discover in the course of performing due diligence investigations into The First, or we may not have correctly assessed the significance of certain liabilities of The First identified in the course of our due diligence. Any such liabilities, individually or in the aggregate, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Merger may be completed on different terms from those contained in the Merger Agreement.
Prior to the completion of the Merger, we and The First may, by mutual agreement, amend or alter the terms of the Merger Agreement, including with respect to, among other things, the merger consideration or any covenants or agreements with respect to the parties’ respective operations during the pendency of the Merger Agreement. Any such amendments or alterations may have negative consequences to us.
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Risks Relating to the Combined Company’s Business Following the Merger
The market price of the common stock of the combined company after the Merger may be affected by factors different from those currently affecting the shares of Renasant common stock.
Upon the completion of the Merger, Renasant shareholders and The First shareholders will become shareholders of the combined company. Renasant’s business differs from that of The First, and, accordingly, the results of operations of the combined company and the market price of the combined company’s shares of common stock may be affected by factors different from those currently affecting the independent results of operations of each of The First and Renasant.
Sales of substantial amounts of Renasant common stock in the open market by former shareholders of The First could depress Renasant’s stock price.
Shares of Renasant common stock that are issued to The First shareholders in the Merger will be freely tradable without restrictions or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Based on the number of shares of The First common stock that are outstanding (which includes the shares of The First common stock underlying The First restricted stock awards), Renasant currently expects to issue approximately 31,782,668 shares of Renasant common stock in connection with the Merger. If the Merger is completed and if The First’s former shareholders sell substantial amounts of Renasant common stock in the public market following completion of the Merger, the market price of Renasant common stock may decrease. These sales might also make it more difficult for Renasant to sell equity or equity-related securities at a time and price that it otherwise would deem appropriate.
Combining Renasant and The First may be more difficult, costly or time consuming than expected, and we may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger.
The success of the Merger will depend on, among other things, our ability to integrate The First into our business in a manner that facilitates growth opportunities and achieves the anticipated benefits of the Merger. If we are not able to successfully achieve these objectives, the anticipated benefits of the Merger may not be realized fully or at all or may take longer to realize than expected. In addition, the actual cost savings and anticipated benefits of the Merger could be less than anticipated, and integration may result in additional unforeseen expenses.
Renasant and The First have operated and, until the completion of the Merger, will continue to operate, independently. The success of the Merger, including anticipated benefits and cost savings, will depend, in part, on the successful combination of the businesses of Renasant and The First. To realize these anticipated benefits and cost savings, after the completion of the Merger, Renasant expects to integrate The First’s business into its own. It is possible that the integration process could result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of the combined company’s ongoing businesses or inconsistencies in technologies, standards, controls, procedures and policies that adversely affect the combined company’s ability to maintain relationships with clients, customers, depositors and employees or to achieve the anticipated benefits and cost savings of the Merger. The loss of key employees could have an adverse effect on the combined company’s financial results and the value of Renasant common stock. If Renasant experiences difficulties with the integration process, the anticipated benefits of the Merger may not be realized fully, or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected. As with any merger of financial institutions, there also may be business disruptions that cause The First or Renasant to lose current customers or cause current customers to remove their accounts from The First or Renasant and move their business to competing financial institutions. Integration efforts between the two companies will also divert management attention and resources. These integration matters could have an adverse effect on each of The First and Renasant during this transition period and for an undetermined period after consummation of the Merger.
We expect to incur substantial transaction costs in connection with the Merger.
We expect to incur a significant amount of non-recurring expenses in connection with the Merger, including legal, accounting, consulting and other expenses. In general, these expenses are payable by us whether or not the Merger is completed. Additional unanticipated costs may be incurred following consummation of the Merger in the course of the integration of our business and the business of The First. We cannot be certain that the elimination of duplicative costs or the realization of other efficiencies related to the integration of the two businesses will offset the transaction and integration costs in the near term, or at all.
The Merger will result in changes to the board of directors of the combined company and the surviving bank.
Upon completion of the Merger, the composition of the combined company boards of directors will be different than the current Renasant and Renasant Bank boards of directors. The Renasant board of directors and the Renasant Bank board of directors will consist of: (1) the current members of the Renasant board of directors and four current members of The First board of directors and (2) the current members of the Renasant Bank board of directors and six current members of The First Bank board of
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directors, respectively. This new composition of the combined company boards of directors may affect the future decisions of the combined company.
The unaudited pro forma financial information included as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 29, 2024, is presented for illustrative purposes only and does not purport to be indicative of our financial condition or results of operations following the completion of the Merger.
The unaudited pro forma financial information included as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 29, 2024, is presented for illustrative purposes only, is based on various adjustments, assumptions and preliminary estimates and may not be an indication of our financial condition or results of operations following the consummation of the Merger for several reasons. Our actual financial condition and results of operations following the consummation of the Merger may not be consistent with, or evident from, the pro forma financial statements. In addition, the assumptions used in preparing the pro forma financial information may not prove to be accurate, and other factors may affect our financial condition or results of operations following the consummation of the Merger. Our potential for future business success and operating profitability must be considered in light of the risks, uncertainties, expenses and difficulties typically encountered by recently combined companies.
Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
During the three month period ended September 30, 2024, the Company repurchased shares of its common stock as indicated in the following table:

|  | Total Number of Shares Purchased(1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Share Repurchase Plans |  | Maximum Number or Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under Share Repurchase Plans(2)(3)
July 1, 2024 to July 31, 2024 |  | 541 |  |  | $ | 35.91 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 100,000 |
August 1, 2024 to August 31, 2024 |  | 3,912 |  |  | 33.88 |  |  | — |  |  | 100,000 |
September 1, 2024 to September 30, 2024 |  | 150 |  |  | 32.83 |  |  | — |  |  | 100,000 |
Total |  | 4,603 |  |  | $ | 34.08 |  |  | — |  |  |

(1)All shares in this column represent shares of Renasant Corporation stock withheld to satisfy the federal and state tax liabilities related to the vesting of time-based restricted stock awards.
(2)The Company announced a $100.0 million stock repurchase program in October 2023 under which the Company was authorized to repurchase outstanding shares of its common stock either in open market purchases or privately-negotiated transactions. No shares were repurchased during the third quarter of 2024 under this plan, which expired in October 2024 and was replaced with a $100.0 million stock repurchase program approved in October 2024. This new plan will remain in effect through October 2025 or, if earlier, the repurchase of the entire amount of common stock authorized to be repurchased.
(3)Dollars in thousands
Please refer to the information discussing restrictions on the Company’s ability to pay dividends under the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Part I, Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of this report, which is incorporated by reference herein.
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Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Trading Plans
During the quarter ended September 30, 2024, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) adopted or terminated any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (each as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).
Item 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number |  | Description
2(i) |  | Agreement and Plan of M erger by and between Renasant Corporation and The First Bancshares, Inc., dated as of July 29, 2024(1)
(3)(i) |  | Articles of Incorporation of Renasant Corporation, as amended (2)
(3)(ii) |  | Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Renasant Corporation(3)
(3)(iii) |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Renasant Corporation (4)
10(i) |  | Form of The First Voting Agreement(5)
10(ii) |  | Form of Renasant Voting Agreement(6)
(31)(i) |  | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer, as required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(31)(ii) |  | Certification of the Principal Financial Officer, as required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(32)(i) |  | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer, as required pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(32)(ii) |  | Certification of the Principal Financial Officer, as required pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(101) |  | The following materials from Renasant Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 were formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
(104) |  | The cover page of Renasant Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101).

(1)Filed as exhibit 2(i) to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on July 29, 2024, and incorporated herein by reference. The disclosure schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. Renasant agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request.
(2)Filed as exhibit 3.1 to the Form 10-Q of the Company filed with the Commission on May 10, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.
(3)Filed as exhibit 3(i) to the Form 8-K the Company filed with the Commission on April 25, 2024, and incorporated herein by reference.
(4)Filed as exhibit 3(ii) to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Commission on October 24, 2024, and incorporated herein by reference.
(5)Filed as exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Commission on July 29, 2024, and incorporated herein by reference.
(6)Filed as exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K of the Company filed with the Commission on July 29, 2024, and incorporated herein by reference.
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The Company does not have any long-term debt instruments under which securities are authorized exceeding ten percent of the total assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The Company will furnish to the Commission, upon its request, a copy of all long-term debt instruments.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | RENASANT CORPORATION
|  | (Registrant)
Date: | November 6, 2024 | /s/ C. Mitchell Waycaster
|  | C. Mitchell Waycaster
|  | Chief Executive Officer
|  | (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: | November 6, 2024 | /s/ James C. Mabry IV
|  | James C. Mabry IV
|  | Executive Vice President and
|  | Chief Financial Officer
|  | (Principal Financial Officer)

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