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Fair Value Of Financial Instruments
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Of Financial Instruments [Abstract]  
Fair Value Of Financial Instruments Note Q—Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of the estimated fair value of an entity’s assets and liabilities considered to be financial instruments. For the Company, as for most financial institutions, the majority of its assets and liabilities are considered to be financial instruments. However, many such instruments lack an available trading market as characterized by a willing buyer and willing seller engaging in an exchange transaction. Also, it is the Company’s general practice and intent to hold its financial instruments to maturity whether or not categorized as “available-for-sale” and not to engage in trading or sales activities although it sold loans in 2019 and prior years and may do so in the future. For fair value disclosure purposes, the Company utilized the fair value measurement criteria of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”).

ASC 820 establishes a common definition for fair value to be applied to assets and liabilities. It clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. It also establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures concerning fair value measurements. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). Level 1 valuation is based on quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities to which the Company has access at the measurement date. Level 2 valuation is based on other observable inputs for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. This includes quoted prices for similar assets in active or inactive markets, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability such as yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, default rates, or inputs that are derived principally from, or corroborated through, observable market data by market-corroborated reports. Level 3 valuation is based on “unobservable inputs” that are the best information available in the circumstances. Assets classified as level 3 are only classified as such, when the observable inputs discussed above are not available, often as a result of thinly traded markets. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. There were no transfers between levels in 2024 and 2023. or fair value disclosure purposes, the Company utilized certain value measurement criteria required under the ASC 820, as discussed below.

Estimated fair values have been determined by the Company using the best available data and an estimation methodology it believes to be suitable for each category of financial instruments. Changes in the assumptions or methodologies used to estimate fair values may materially affect the estimated amounts. Also, there may not be reasonable comparability between institutions due to the wide range of permitted assumptions and methodologies in the absence of active markets. This lack of uniformity gives rise to a high degree of subjectivity in estimating financial instrument fair values.

Cash and cash equivalents, which are comprised of cash and due from banks and the Company’s balance at the Federal Reserve, had recorded values of $570.1 million and $1.04 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which approximated fair values.

Investment securities have estimated fair values based on quoted market prices or other observable inputs, if available. If observable inputs are not available, fair values are determined using unobservable (Level 3) inputs that are based on the best information available in the circumstances. For these investment securities, fair values are based on the present value of expected cash flows from principal and interest to maturity, or yield to call as appropriate, at the measurement date.

Commercial loans, at fair value are comprised of commercial real estate bridge loans and SBA loans which had been previously originated for sale or securitization in the secondary market, and which are now being held on the balance sheet. Commercial real estate bridge loans and SBA loans are valued using a discounted cash flow analysis based upon pricing for similar loans where market indications of the sales price of such loans are not available. SBA loans are valued on a pooled basis and commercial real estate bridge loans are valued individually.

Loans, net have an estimated fair value using the present value of future cash flows. The discount rate used in these calculations is the estimated current market rate adjusted for borrower-specific credit risk. The carrying value of accrued interest approximates fair value.

For OREO, market value is based upon appraisals of the underlying collateral by third-party appraisers, reduced by 7% to 10% for estimated selling costs.

Federal Reserve, FHLB, and ACBB stock, are held as required by those respective institutions and are carried at cost. Each of these institutions require their members to hold stock as a condition of membership. While a fixed stock amount is required by each of these institutions, the FHLB stock requirement periodically increases or decreases with varying levels of borrowing activity.

Deposits (comprised of interest and non-interest-bearing checking accounts, savings, and certain types of money market accounts) are equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (generally, their carrying amounts). The fair values of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and short-term borrowings are equal to their carrying amounts as they are overnight borrowings. There were no short-term borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Time deposits, when outstanding, senior debt and subordinated debentures have a fair value estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies current interest rates to discount expected cash flows. There were no time deposits outstanding at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Long-term borrowings resulted from sold loans which did not qualify for true sale accounting. They are presented in the principal amount of such loans.

Interest rate swaps are either assets or liabilities and have a fair value which is estimated using models that use readily observable market inputs and a market standard methodology applied to the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity and the applicable interest rate index.

The fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated based on the amount of unamortized deferred loan commitment fees. The fair value of letters of credit is based on the amount of unearned fees plus the estimated cost to terminate the letters of credit. Fair values of unrecognized financial instruments, including commitments to extend credit, and the fair value of letters of credit are considered immaterial. Fair value information for specific balance sheet categories is as follows.

December 31, 2024

Quoted prices

Significant

in active

other

Significant

markets for

observable

unobservable

Carrying

Estimated

identical assets

inputs

inputs

amount

fair value

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

(Dollars in thousands)

Investment securities, available-for-sale

$

1,502,860 

$

1,502,860 

$

—

$

1,499,398 

$

3,462 

Federal Reserve, FHLB and ACBB stock

15,642 

15,642 

—

—

15,642 

Commercial loans, at fair value

223,115 

223,115 

—

—

223,115 

Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs

6,113,628 

5,998,293 

—

—

5,998,293 

Accrued interest receivable

41,713 

41,713 

—

41,713 

—

Demand and interest checking

7,434,212 

7,434,212 

—

7,434,212 

—

Savings and money market

311,834 

311,834 

—

311,834 

—

Senior debt

96,214 

99,000 

—

99,000 

—

Subordinated debentures

13,401 

11,320 

—

—

11,320 

Other long-term borrowings

14,081 

14,081 

—

14,081 

—

Accrued interest payable

2,612 

2,612 

—

2,612 

—

December 31, 2023

Quoted prices

Significant

in active

other

Significant

markets for

observable

unobservable

Carrying

Estimated

identical assets

inputs

inputs

amount

fair value

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

(Dollars in thousands)

Investment securities, available-for-sale

$

747,534 

$

747,534 

$

—

$

735,463 

$

12,071 

Federal Reserve, FHLB and ACBB stock

15,591 

15,591 

—

—

15,591 

Commercial loans, at fair value

332,766 

332,766 

—

—

332,766 

Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs

5,361,139 

5,329,436 

—

—

5,329,436 

Accrued interest receivable

37,534 

37,534 

—

37,534 

—

Interest rate swaps, asset

285 

285 

—

285 

—

Demand and interest checking

6,630,251 

6,630,251 

—

6,630,251 

—

Savings and money market

50,659 

50,659 

—

50,659 

—

Senior debt

95,859 

96,539 

—

96,539 

—

Subordinated debentures

13,401 

11,470 

—

—

11,470 

Other long-term borrowings

38,561 

38,561 

—

38,561 

—

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

42 

42 

42 

—

—

Accrued interest payable

1,060 

1,060 

—

1,060 

—

Other assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, segregated by fair value hierarchy, are summarized below (dollars in thousands):

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using

Quoted prices in active

Significant other

Significant

markets for identical

observable

unobservable

Fair value

assets

inputs

inputs

December 31, 2024

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Investment securities, available-for-sale

U.S. Government agency securities

$

29,962 

$

—

$

29,962 

$

—

Asset-backed securities

214,499 

—

214,499 

—

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

35,620 

—

35,620 

—

Residential mortgage-backed securities

433,419 

—

433,419 

—

Collateralized mortgage obligation securities

26,152 

—

26,152 

—

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

763,208 

—

759,746 

3,462 

Total investment securities, available-for-sale

1,502,860 

—

1,499,398 

3,462 

Commercial loans, at fair value

223,115 

—

—

223,115 

$

1,725,975 

$

—

$

1,499,398 

$

226,577 

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using

Quoted prices in active

Significant other

Significant

markets for identical

observable

unobservable

Fair value

assets

inputs

inputs

December 31, 2023

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

.

Investment securities, available-for-sale

U.S. Government agency securities

$

33,886 

$

—

$

33,886 

$

—

Asset-backed securities

325,353 

—

325,353 

—

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

47,237 

—

47,237 

—

Residential mortgage-backed securities

160,767 

—

160,767 

—

Collateralized mortgage obligation securities

34,038 

—

34,038 

—

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

146,253 

—

134,182 

12,071 

Total investment securities, available-for-sale

747,534 

—

735,463 

12,071 

Commercial loans, at fair value

332,766 

—

—

332,766 

Interest rate swaps, asset

285 

—

285 

—

$

1,080,585 

$

—

$

735,748 

$

344,837 

The Company’s Level 3 asset activity for the categories shown for the years 2024 and 2023 is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Fair Value Measurements Using

Significant Unobservable Inputs

(Level 3)

Available-for-sale

Commercial loans,

securities

at fair value

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

Beginning balance

$

12,071

$

20,023

$

332,766

$

589,143

Transfers to OREO

—

—

(2,863)

(2,686)

Total net gains or (losses) (realized/unrealized)

Included in earnings

—

—

3,016

3,869

Included in earnings (included in credit loss)

—

(10,000)

—

—

Included in other comprehensive income (loss)

503

2,048

—

—

Purchases, advances, sales and settlements

Advances

—

—

—

134,256

Settlements

(9,112)

—

(109,804)

(391,816)

Ending balance

$

3,462

$

12,071

$

223,115

$

332,766

Total losses year-to-date included

in earnings attributable to the change in

unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still

held at the reporting date as shown above.

$

—

$

—

$

(683)

$

(3,085)

The Company’s OREO activity is summarized below (dollars in thousands) as of the dates indicated:

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

Beginning balance

$

16,949 

$

21,210 

Transfer from loans, net

42,120 

—

Transfer from commercial loans, at fair value

2,863 

2,686 

Advances

1,695 

—

Write-downs

—

(1,147)

Sales

(1,602)

(5,800)

Ending balance

$

62,025 

$

16,949 

Information related to fair values of Level 3 balance sheet categories is as follows (dollars in thousands):

Fair value at

Range at

Weighted average at

Level 3 instruments only

December 31, 2024

Valuation techniques

Unobservable inputs

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2024

Commercial mortgage-backed investment

security(1)

$

3,462 

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

9.45%

9.45%

Commercial - SBA(2)

89,902 

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

6.77%

6.77%

Non-SBA commercial real estate(3)

133,213 

Discounted cash flow and appraisal

Discount rate

6.80%-11.50%

8.77%

Commercial loans, at fair value

223,115 

OREO(4)

62,025 

Appraised value

N/A

N/A

N/A

Fair value at

Range at

Weighted average at

Level 3 instruments only

December 31, 2023

Valuation techniques

Unobservable inputs

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2023

Commercial mortgage-backed investment

security

$

12,071 

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

14.00%

14.00%

Commercial - SBA

119,287 

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

7.46%

7.46%

Non-SBA commercial real estate - fixed

162,674 

Discounted cash flow and appraisal

Discount rate

8.00%-12.30%

8.76%

Non-SBA commercial real estate - floating

50,805 

Discounted cash flow

Discount rate

9.30%-16.50%

14.19%

Commercial loans, at fair value

332,766 

OREO

16,949 

Appraised value

N/A

N/A

N/A

The valuations for each of the instruments above, as of the balance sheet date, are sensitive to judgments, assumptions and uncertainties, changes in which could have a significant impact on such valuations. Weighted averages were calculated using the discount rate for each individual security or loan weighted by its par value, except for SBA loans. For SBA loans, traders’ pricing indications based on loan seasoning were weighted. For commercial loans recorded at fair value, changes in fair value are reflected in the income statement. Changes in the fair value of securities which are unrelated to credit are recorded through equity. Changes in the value of subordinated debentures are a disclosure item, without impact on the financial statements. Changes in the fair value of loans recorded at amortized cost which are unrelated to credit are also a disclosure item, without impact on the financial statements. The notes below refer to the December 31, 2024 table.

(1) Commercial mortgage-backed investment security, consisting of a single bank-issued CRE security, is valued using discounted cash flow analysis. The discount rate and prepayment rate applied are based upon market observations and actual experience for comparable securities and implicitly assume market averages for defaults and loss severities. The CRE-2 security has significant credit enhancement, or protection from other subordinated tranches in the issue, which limits the valuation exposure to credit losses. Nonetheless, increases in expected default rates or loss severities on the loans underlying the issue could reduce its value. In market environments in which investors demand greater yield compensation for credit risk, the discount rate applied would ordinarily be higher and the valuation lower. Changes in loss experience could also change the interest earned on this holding in future periods and impact its fair value. As a single security, the weighted average rate shown is the actual rate applied to the CRE-2 security. For additional information related to this security see “Note E—Loans”.

(2) Commercial – SBA Loans are comprised of the government guaranteed portion of SBA-insured loans. Their valuation is based upon the yield derived from dealer pricing indications for guaranteed pools, adjusted for seasoning and prepayments. A limited number of broker-dealers originate the pooled securities for which the loans are purchased and as a result, prices can fluctuate based on such limited market demand, although the government guarantee has resulted in consistent historical demand. Valuations are impacted by prepayment assumptions resulting from both voluntary payoffs and defaults. Such assumptions for these seasoned loans are based on a seasoning vector for constant prepayment rates from 3% to 30% over life.

(3) Non-SBA commercial real estate – These loans are primarily bridge loans designed to provide property owners time and funding for property improvements. They are fair valued by a third party, based upon discounting at market rates for similar loans. Discount rates used in applying discounted cash flow analysis utilize input based upon loan terms, the general level of interest rates and the quality of the credit. Deterioration in loan performance or other credit weaknesses could result in fair value ranges which would be dependent upon potential buyers’ tolerance for such weaknesses and are difficult to estimate.

(4) For OREO, fair value is based upon appraisals of the underlying collateral by third party appraisers, reduced by 7% to 10% for estimated selling costs. Such appraisals reflect estimates of amounts realizable upon property sales based on the sale of comparable properties and other factors. Actual sales prices may vary based upon the identification of potential purchasers, changing conditions in local real estate markets and the level of interest rates required to finance purchases.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, segregated by fair value hierarchy, at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized below (dollars in thousands). The non-accrual loans in the following table are treated as collateral dependent to the extent they have resulted from borrower financial difficulty (and not from administrative delays or other mitigating factors), and are not brought current. For non-accrual loans, the Company establishes a reserve in the allowance for credit losses for deficiencies between estimated collateral and loan carrying values.

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using

Quoted prices in active

Significant other

Significant

markets for identical

observable

unobservable

Fair value

assets

inputs

inputs(1)

Description

December 31, 2024

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Collateral dependent loans with specific reserves(1)

$

6,587

$

—

$

—

$

6,587

OREO

62,025

—

—

62,025

$

68,612

$

—

$

—

$

68,612

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using

Quoted prices in active

Significant other

Significant

markets for identical

observable

unobservable

Fair value

assets

inputs

inputs(1)

Description

December 31, 2023

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Collateral dependent loans with specific reserves(1)

$

8,944 

$

—

$

—

$

8,944 

OREO

16,949 

—

—

16,949 

$

25,893 

$

—

$

—

$

25,893 

(1) The method of valuation approach for the loans evaluated for an allowance for credit losses on an individual loan basis and also for OREO was the market approach based upon appraisals of the underlying collateral by external appraisers, reduced by 7% to 10% for estimated selling costs.

At December 31, 2024, principal on collateral dependent loans, which is accounted for on the basis of the value of underlying collateral, is shown in the above table at an estimated fair value of $6.6 million. To arrive at that fair value, related loan principal of $10.9 million was reduced by specific allowances of $4.3 million within the ACL, as of that date, representing the deficiency between principal and estimated collateral values, which were reduced by estimated costs to sell. When the deficiency is deemed uncollectible, it is charged off by reducing the specific allowance and decreasing principal. At December 31, 2023, principal on loans individually evaluated for an ACL, that is accounted for on the basis of the value of underlying collateral, is shown in the above table at an estimated fair value of $8.9 million. To arrive at that fair value, related loan principal of $11.8 million was reduced by specific allowances of $2.9 million within the ACL, as of that date, representing the deficiency between principal and estimated collateral values, which were reduced by estimated costs to sell. Valuation techniques consistent with the market and/or cost approach were used to measure fair value and primarily included observable inputs for the individual loans being evaluated such as recent sales of similar collateral or observable market data for operational or carrying costs. In cases where such inputs were unobservable, the loan balance is reflected within the Level 3 hierarchy.