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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, consisted of the following (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | 156,937 |  |  | $ | 181,640 |  |  | $ | 146,633 |
State |  | 34,927 |  |  | 36,281 |  |  | 33,054 |
Foreign |  | 20,725 |  |  | 13,892 |  |  | 15,377 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal and state |  | (3,785 | ) |  | (8,398 | ) |  | (4,626 | )
Foreign |  | 1,917 |  |  | (181 | ) |  | 983 |
|  | $ | 210,721 |  |  | $ | 223,234 |  |  | $ | 191,421 |
Income before the provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, consisted of the following (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Domestic |  | $ | 494,890 |  |  | $ | 528,916 |  |  | $ | 446,886 |
Foreign |  | 59,220 |  |  | 52,114 |  |  | 50,463 |
|  | $ | 554,110 |  |  | $ | 581,030 |  |  | $ | 497,349 |
The income taxes shown above varied from the statutory federal income tax rates for these periods as follows:
|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Federal U.S. income tax rate |  | 35.0 | % |  | 35.0 | % |  | 35.0 | %
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit |  | 4.2 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 4.2 |
Non-deductible expenses |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.6 |
Non-U.S. income taxed at different rates, net of foreign tax credits |  | (0.6 | ) |  | 0.1 |  |  | (0.2 | )
Federal tax credits |  | (0.8 | ) |  | (0.6 | ) |  | (0.6 | )
Tax impact of uncertain tax positions |  | — |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (0.1 | )
Valuation allowance release, net |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.5 | ) |  | (0.3 | )
Other, net |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.1 | )
Effective tax rate |  | 38.0 | % |  | 38.4 | % |  | 38.5 | %
The deferred portion of the tax provision (benefit) consisted of the following (in thousands):
|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Amortization of franchise rights |  | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | 514 |  |  | $ | 514 |
Amortization of other intangibles |  | 1,221 |  |  | 1,590 |  |  | 1,241 |
Accrued expenses, deducted for tax when paid |  | (6,889 | ) |  | (17,664 | ) |  | (14,221 | )
Capitalized costs for books, deducted for tax |  | 5,901 |  |  | 5,315 |  |  | 8,809 |
Depreciation |  | (2,405 | ) |  | (5,932 | ) |  | (4,147 | )
Federal impact of unrecognized tax benefits |  | 75 |  |  | 1,058 |  |  | 44 |
Foreign tax credit carryforwards |  | — |  |  | 3,636 |  |  | (186 | )
Other, net |  | (271 | ) |  | 2,904 |  |  | 4,303 |
|  | $ | (1,868 | ) |  | $ | (8,579 | ) |  | $ | (3,643 | )
The components of the deferred income tax amounts at December 31, 2016 and 2015, were as follows (in thousands):
|  | December 31,
|  | 2016 |  | 2015
Deferred Income Tax Assets |  |  |  |
Provision for bad debts |  | $ | 10,510 |  |  | $ | 11,092 |
Deferred compensation and other benefit obligations |  | 112,811 |  |  | 96,948 |
Workers’ compensation |  | 5,634 |  |  | 8,206 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 16,772 |  |  | 15,814 |
Credits and net operating loss carryforwards |  | 30,534 |  |  | 35,499 |
Other |  | 18,116 |  |  | 23,885 |
Total deferred income tax assets |  | 194,377 |  |  | 191,444 |
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities |  |  |  |
Amortization of intangible assets |  | (28,681 | ) |  | (26,960 | )
Property and equipment basis differences |  | (16,640 | ) |  | (11,890 | )
Other |  | (11,658 | ) |  | (9,720 | )
Total deferred income tax liabilities |  | (56,979 | ) |  | (48,570 | )
Valuation allowance |  | (18,907 | ) |  | (26,329 | )
Total deferred income tax assets, net |  | $ | 118,491 |  |  | $ | 116,545 |
Credits and net operating loss carryforwards primarily include net operating losses in foreign countries of $24.5 million that expire in 2017 and later; and California enterprise zone tax credits of $3.4 million that expire in 2023. Of the $3.4 million of California enterprise zone tax credits, the Company expects that it will utilize $2.4 million of these credits prior to expiration. Valuation allowances of $17.9 million have been established for net operating losses carryforwards and other deferred items in foreign countries. In addition, a valuation allowance of $1.0 million has been established for California enterprise zone tax credits. The Company has not provided deferred income taxes or foreign withholding taxes on $16.9 million and $5.7 million of undistributed earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, since the Company intends to reinvest these earnings indefinitely. The U.S. tax impact upon repatriation, net of foreign tax credits, would be $2.1 million and zero for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. FASB authoritative guidance prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute criteria for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The literature also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The following table reconciles the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
|  | December 31,
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 814 |  |  | $ | 4,573 |  |  | $ | 6,110 |
Gross increases—tax positions in prior years |  | 92 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Gross decreases—tax positions in prior years |  | — |  |  | (1,807 | ) |  | (333 | )
Gross increases—tax positions in current year |  | 114 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 35 |
Settlements |  | — |  |  | (520 | ) |  | — |
Lapse of statute of limitations |  | (289 | ) |  | (1,552 | ) |  | (1,240 | )
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 731 |  |  | $ | 814 |  |  | $ | 4,573 |
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate is $0.5 million, $0.5 million and $0.9 million for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company’s continuing practice is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The total amount of interest and penalties accrued as of December 31, 2016, is $0.1 million, including a $0.1 million reduction recorded in income tax expense during the year. The total amount of interest and penalties accrued as of December 31, 2015 is $0.2 million, including a $2.3 million reduction recorded in income tax expense during the year. The total amount of interest and penalties accrued as of December 31, 2014, was $2.5 million, including a $0.3 million reduction recorded in income tax expense during the year. The Company believes it is reasonably possible that the settlement of certain tax uncertainties could occur within the next twelve months; accordingly, $0.3 million of the unrecognized gross tax benefit has been classified as a current liability as of December 31, 2016. This amount primarily represents unrecognized tax benefits composed of items related to assessed state income tax audits and negotiations. The Company’s major income tax jurisdictions are the United States, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany and the United Kingdom. For U.S. federal income tax, the Company remains subject to examination for 2013 and subsequent years. For major U.S. states, with few exceptions, the Company remains subject to examination for 2012 and subsequent years. Generally, for the foreign countries, the Company remains subject to examination for 2009 and subsequent years.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=26873400&loc=d3e23780-122690 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6907707&loc=d3e32559-109319 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6907707&loc=d3e32718-109319 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6907707&loc=d3e32639-109319 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6907707&loc=d3e32537-109319 + Details
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