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Share Based Compensation
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Share Based Compensation SHARE BASED COMPENSATION
On the Effective Date and pursuant to the plan of reorganization, all of the Predecessor's ordinary shares were cancelled. In accordance with the plan of reorganization, all agreements, instruments and other documents evidencing, relating or otherwise connected with any of Legacy Valaris' equity interests outstanding prior to the Effective Date, including all equity-based awards, were cancelled. Therefore, any Predecessor remaining long-term incentive plans were cancelled. See "Note 2 - Chapter 11 Proceedings" for additional information.

Valaris Limited adopted the MIP as of the Effective Date and authorized and reserved 9.0 million Common Shares for issuance pursuant to equity incentive awards to be granted under the MIP, which may be in the form of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalents and cash awards or any combination thereof. As of December 31, 2023, there were 6.8 million shares available for issuance under the MIP.
Successor Awards

Time-Based Share Awards

Under the Company's MIP, time-based restricted stock unit awards have been granted to certain employees and senior officers which generally vest ratably over a three-year period from the date of grant. The grant-date fair value per share for these time-based restricted stock awards is equal to the closing price of the Company's stock on the grant date. For senior officers, delivery of the shares underlying certain vested restricted stock unit awards is deferred until the third anniversary of the date of grant.

Non-employee directors received a one-time grant of time-based restricted awards upon our emergence from the Chapter 11 Cases which vest ratably over a three-year period from the date of grant. Additionally, non-employee directors receive an annual grant of time-based restricted awards which vest in full on the earlier of the first anniversary of the grant date or the next annual meeting of shareholders following the grant. Non-employee directors are permitted to elect to receive deferred share awards which can be settled and delivered on the six-month anniversary following the termination of the director's service or a specific pre-determined date.

Our time-based share awards do not have voting or participating rights as the dividend equivalent provided for in the award agreement is forfeitable (except in certain limited circumstances) and further our debt agreements limit our ability to pay dividends and none have been declared. Compensation expense for share awards is measured at fair value on the date of grant and recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period (usually the vesting period). Our compensation cost is reduced for forfeited awards in the period in which the forfeitures occur.

The following table summarizes Successor time-based share award compensation expense recognized (in millions):
Year Ended December 31, 2023Year Ended December 31, 2022Eight Months Ended December 31, 2021
Contract drilling$6.8 $3.9 $1.6 
General and administrative9.0 6.8 2.0 
15.8 10.7 3.6 
Tax benefit(1.6)(0.9)(0.2)
Total $14.2 $9.8 $3.4 

As of December 31, 2023, there was $23.2 million of total estimated unrecognized compensation cost related to time-based share awards, which has a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 1.3 years.

The following tables summarizes the value of Successor time-based share awards granted and vested:
Year Ended December 31, 2023Year Ended December 31, 2022Eight Months Ended December 31, 2021
Weighted-average grant date fair value of share awards granted (per share)
$63.22 $45.39 $26.07 
Total fair value of share awards vested during the period (in millions) (1)
$25.2 $12.8 $— 

(1)No share awards vested during the eight months ended December 31, 2021 (Successor).
The following table summarizes time-based share awards activity for the year ended December 31, 2023 (Successor) (shares in thousands):
Share Awards
AwardsWeighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Share awards as of December 31, 2022
861 $33.54 
Granted295 $63.22 
Vested(1)
(366)$32.89 
Forfeited(32)$36.68 
Share awards as of December 31, 2023
758 $45.29 

(1)The vested share awards include 65,882 awards with a weighted average grant date fair value of $35.40 per share, for which delivery of the shares is deferred until the third anniversary of the date of grant. As of December 31, 2023, these awards had a weighted average remaining contractual life of 0.6 years and a total fair value of $4.5 million.

Performance Awards

Under the Company's MIP, performance awards may be issued to our senior officers. Performance awards generally vest at the end of a three-year measurement period based on attainment of performance goals.

The performance awards granted in 2021 and 2022 are based on three performance goals and subject to achievement of those performance goals based on (a) designated share price hurdles whereby our closing stock price must equal or exceed certain market price targets for ninety consecutive trading days (the "Share Price Objective"); (b) relative return on capital employed ("ROCE") as compared to a specified peer group, all as defined in the award agreements (the "ROCE Objective"), and (c) specified strategic goals as established by the Compensation Committee of the board of directors (the "Strategic Goal Objective" and together with the ROCE Objective, the "Performance-Based Objectives"). These awards are payable in equity following a three-year performance period and subject to attainment of such objectives ranging from 0% to 150% of target performance under such objectives.

The performance awards granted in 2023 include awards which are subject to the achievement of goals based on our absolute total shareholder return and our total shareholder return relative to a specified peer group (the "TSR Objectives" and together with the Share Price Objective, the "Market-Based Objectives"). These awards are payable in equity at a range from 0% to 200% of target performance following a three-year performance period. Also, in 2023, incremental awards based on the Strategic Goal Objective were granted.

The estimated probable outcome of attainment of the specified performance goals is based primarily on relative performance over the requisite performance period. Any subsequent changes in this estimate as it relates to the Performance-Based Objectives are recognized as a cumulative adjustment to compensation cost in the period in which the change in estimate occurs. Compensation cost for the Market-Based Objectives is recognized as long as the requisite service period is completed and will not be reversed even if the Market-Based Objectives are never satisfied. Compensation expense for performance awards is recognized over the requisite service period using the accelerated method and is reduced for forfeited awards in the period in which the forfeitures occur.
The fair value of the performance awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and eight months ended December 31, 2021 (Successor) are measured on the date of grant. The grant-date fair value per unit for the portion of the performance awards related to Performance-Based Objectives was equal to the closing price of the Company's stock on the grant date. The portion of these awards that were based on the Company's achievement of Market-based Objectives were valued at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation with the following weighted average assumptions for the grants made over the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and eight months ended December 31, 2021 (Successor):

Year Ended December 31, 2023Year Ended December 31, 2022Eight Months Ended December 31, 2021
Expected price volatility60 %61 %61 %
Expected dividend yield— — — 
Risk-free interest rate4.32 %3.49 %0.73 %

The expected price volatility assumption is estimated using market data for certain peer companies during periods in which our own trading history is limited. As our trading history increases, it will bear greater weight in determining our expected price volatility assumption.

The weighted average grant-date fair value of performance awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and eight months ended December 31, 2021 (Successor) was $62.09, $38.08 and $15.93, respectively.

The following table summarizes the performance award activity for the year ended December 31, 2023 (Successor) (shares in thousands):

Awards(2)
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Price(2)
Balance as of December 31, 2022
767 $21.77 
Granted - Market-Based Objectives(1)
98 $59.28 
Granted - Performance-Based Objectives(1)
29 $71.63 
Total Granted127 $62.09 
Balance as of December 31, 2023
894 $27.49 

(1)The number of awards granted reflects the shares that would be granted if the target level of performance were to be achieved. The number of shares actually issued after considering forfeitures may range from zero to 239,000.
(2)There were no forfeited or vested shares for the year ended December 31, 2023 (Successor).

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and eight months ended December 31, 2021 (Successor), we recognized of $11.7 million, $6.7 million and $0.7 million of compensation expense for performance awards, respectively, which was included in General and administrative expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

As of December 31, 2023, there was $10.1 million of total estimated unrecognized compensation cost related to performance awards, which has a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 1.2 years.
Predecessor Awards

Time-Based Share Awards and Cash-Settled Awards

The Predecessor granted share awards and share units (collectively "share awards") and share units to be settled in cash ("cash-settled awards"), which generally vested at a rate of 33% per year. Additionally, non-employee directors were permitted to elect to receive deferred share awards. Deferred share awards vested at the earlier of the first anniversary of the grant date or the next annual meeting of shareholders following the grant but were not to be settled until the director terminated service from the board of directors. Deferred share awards were to be settled in cash, shares or a combination thereof at the discretion of the compensation committee.

The Predecessor's non-vested share awards had voting and dividend rights effective on the date of grant, and the non-vested share units had dividend rights effective on the date of grant. Compensation expense for share awards was measured at fair value on the date of grant and recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period (usually the vesting period). Compensation expense for cash-settled awards was remeasured each quarter with a cumulative adjustment to compensation cost during the period based on changes in the Legacy Valaris share price. Compensation cost was also reduced for forfeited awards in the period in which the forfeitures occurred.

During the four months ended April 30, 2021 (Predecessor) we recognized $4.8 million of compensation expense for these awards, of which $2.4 million was included in Contract drilling expense and $2.4 million was included in General and administrative expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As discussed above, in accordance with the plan of reorganization, the unvested awards of employees, senior executive officers and non-employee directors remaining on the Effective Date were cancelled for no consideration.

Share Appreciation Rights

Share Appreciation Rights ("SARs") granted to employees under our Predecessor incentive plans were accounted for as equity awards. As of April 30, 2021, there were 319,641 SARs outstanding, all of which were fully vested. In accordance with the plan of reorganization, these remaining outstanding SARs were cancelled.

Share Option Awards
As of April 30, 2021, there were fully vested options outstanding to purchase 313,377 shares under our Predecessor incentive plans. In accordance with the plan of reorganization, these outstanding options were cancelled.