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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
 
Historically, we calculated our provision for income taxes during interim reporting periods by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year to pre-tax income or loss, excluding discrete items, for the reporting period. In recent years, we determined that since small changes in estimated pre-tax income or loss would result in significant changes in the estimated annual effective tax rate, the historical method did not provide a reliable estimate of income taxes and we began using a discrete effective tax rate method to calculate income taxes. We continued to utilize this methodology through 2024. In the first quarter of 2025, we reassessed our use of the discrete effective tax rate method and determined that we had sustained a reasonable period of meaningful pre-tax income to be able to more reliably estimate annualized pre-tax income or loss for the purposes of calculating the interim income tax provision. Accordingly, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we calculated our tax provision by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year to pre-tax income or loss, excluding discrete items.

During the first quarter of 2025, we recognized $168.8 million of deferred tax expense from the establishment of a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets resulting from a change in estimated future taxable income in a certain operating jurisdiction in connection with the retirement of the Retired Semis. We intend to maintain this valuation allowance until there is sufficient evidence to support a reversal of the allowance. The timing and amount of future valuation allowance reductions are subject to future levels of contracting and profitability achieved or by the expiration of the related deferred tax assets. See "Note 5 - Property and Equipment" for further disclosure regarding the Retired Semis.

The consolidated effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, excluding the impact of discrete tax items, was 15.2%. The discrete tax items for the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily related to the establishment of the valuation allowance described above.

Discrete income tax benefit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was $63.9 million and $70.5 million, respectively, and was primarily attributable to changes in liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits associated with tax positions taken in prior years, including the reversal of a liability associated with tax assessments received from the Luxembourg tax authorities, and the resolution of other prior period tax matters. Excluding the aforementioned discrete tax items, income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was $33.9 million and $53.4 million, respectively.
Luxembourg Tax Assessments

In December 2023, one of the Company’s Luxembourg subsidiaries received tax assessments for fiscal years 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2023. In February 2024, the Luxembourg tax authorities rescinded the portion of the assessment relating to 2023, resulting in a revised aggregate tax assessment of approximately €60.0 million (approximately $65.0 million converted at then-current exchange rates). We recorded a liability for uncertain tax positions for this amount during the fourth quarter of 2023 and contested the validity and amount of the assessments. In April 2024, we received a favorable decision from the Luxembourg tax authorities stating that the assessments for the 2019-2021 tax years are not enforceable. As a result, we reversed the uncertain tax position liability for the previously issued assessments and recognized a tax benefit of approximately $65.0 million in the second quarter of 2024.

Malaysia Tax Assessment

In February 2024, one of our Malaysian subsidiaries received an unfavorable court decision regarding a tax assessment for the 2012-2017 tax years totaling approximately MYR117.0 million (approximately $28.0 million converted at current period-end exchange rates), including a late payment penalty. In July 2024, we received a payment demand from the Malaysian tax authority for the full assessment amount. In order to further contest the assessment, we agreed to a seven-month payment plan which commenced in August 2024. As of June 30, 2025, all payments under the seven-month payment plan have been made and are included within Other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have not recorded a liability for uncertain tax positions as of June 30, 2025, related to this assessment based on a more-likely-than-not threshold. We believe our tax returns are materially correct as filed and will vigorously contest this assessment.

Australian Tax Assessment

During 2019, the Australian tax authorities issued aggregate tax assessments totaling approximately A$101.0 million, plus interest, related to the examination of certain of our tax returns for the years 2011 through 2016. During the third quarter of 2019, we made a A$42.0 million payment (approximately $29.0 million at then-current exchange rates) to the Australian tax authorities to litigate the assessment. In December 2024, we reached a settlement agreement with the Australian tax authorities for A$4.0 million (approximately $2.0 million at then-current exchange rates). Accordingly, we released approximately $18.0 million of the uncertain tax position liability previously recognized and recognized a corresponding tax benefit in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for these assessments in the fourth quarter of 2024. We no longer had a liability for unrecognized tax benefits relating to these assessments as of December 31, 2024. During the first quarter of 2025, we received refunds (including interest) totaling A$42.0 million (approximately $26.0 million at then-current-period exchange rates).

Tax Legislation

On July 4, 2025, the U.S. enacted H.R. 1, informally referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”). Among other provisions, the OBBBA includes the permanent extension, with modifications, of certain business and international tax provisions originally enacted under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 that were scheduled to sunset at the end of 2025. While we continue to monitor further legislative developments and administrative guidance, we do not expect the OBBBA to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2025.