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Stockholders' Equity | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Equity [Abstract] |
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Equity-Based Incentive Plans Our 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2009 Plan) provides for the grant of stock awards, including stock options, RSUs, RSAs, and other stock awards. Shares available for grant as of December 31, 2018 were 12 million. Stock Options Stock options are granted to employees under the 2009 Plan at exercise prices equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the dates of grant. Options generally have a maximum contractual term of 10 years. Options are generally vested over four years, based on continued service. Stock options are forfeited if the employee ceases to be employed by us prior to vesting. The following table summarizes stock option activity under our equity-based plan for the year ended December 31, 2018:
| Number of Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2017 | 1,296,863 |  | $ | 12.27 |  | 5.87 | $ | 41 |
Exercised | (617,157 | ) | 11.00 |  |  |
Forfeited | (15,694 | ) | 32.81 |  |  |
Canceled | (8,497 | ) | 32.02 |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | 655,515 |  | $ | 12.90 |  | 4.91 | $ | 19 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2018 | 642,631 |  | $ | 12.65 |  | 4.94 | $ | 19 |
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2018 | 655,515 |  | $ | 12.90 |  | 4.91 | $ | 19 |
| Year Ended December 31,
Additional Disclosures for Stock Options (in millions) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016
Total fair value of options vested | $ | 4 |  | $ | 7 |  | $ | 7 |
Total intrinsic value of options exercised | 24 |  | 36 |  | 21 |
Cash received from options exercised | 7 |  | 11 |  | 5 |
Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards In 2018, the Company granted time-based and performance-based restricted stock awards to the Company's named executive officers. A recipient of RSAs owns the underlying shares of common stock upon grant and some of the benefits of ownership, such as voting and dividend rights, but the recipient may not sell those shares and realize any value on a sale, until all time-based and performance-based restrictions have been satisfied or lapsed. Time-based RSUs and RSAs generally vest over a four-year term. Performance-based RSUs and RSAs are subject to vesting requirements based on certain financial performance metrics as defined in the grant notice. Actual number of shares earned may range from 0% to 200% of the target award. Awards granted in 2017 and 2018 are based on single-year performance period subject to subsequent multi-year vesting with 50% of the shares earned will vest in one year after the performance period and the remaining shares in the year after. Compensation expense is recognized ratably over the vesting period based on the probability of the number of awards expected to vest at each reporting date. The following table summarizes RSU and RSA activity under our equity-based plans for the year ended December 31, 2018:
| RSUs | RSAs
| Number of Units | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | Number of Shares | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2017 | 2,703,335 |  | $ | 25.82 |  | — |  | $ | — |
Granted | 714,358 |  | 47.07 |  | 372,783 |  | 49.02 |
Vested | (1,273,796 | ) | 27.26 |  | (13,683 | ) | 47.61 |
Forfeited | (406,343 | ) | 28.68 |  | (12,308 | ) | 47.61 |
Nonvested at December 31, 2018 | 1,737,554 |  | $ | 32.83 |  | 346,792 |  | $ | 49.13 |
| RSUs |  | RSAs
| Year Ended December 31, |  | Year Ended December 31,
Additional Disclosures for equity-based plans | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 |  | 2018 | 2017 | 2016
Total grant date fair value of shares granted (in millions) | $ | 34 |  | $ | 46 |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 18 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Total grant date fair value of shares vested (in millions) | $ | 35 |  | $ | 21 |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Shares withheld to settle payroll tax liabilities related to vesting of shares held by employees | 451,875 |  | 335,101 |  | 217,769 |  |  | 6,357 |  | — |  | — |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan Our 2014 Employee Stock Purchase plan (ESPP) offers eligible employees an option to purchase shares of our common stock through a payroll deduction. The purchase price is equal to the lesser of 85% of the fair market value of our common stock on the offering date or 85% of the fair market value of our common stock on the applicable purchase date. Offering periods are approximately six months in duration and will end on or about May 15 and November 15 of each year. Employees may contribute a minimum of 1% and a maximum of 15% of their earnings. The plan is considered to be a compensatory plan. We issued 175,966, 224,928, and 283,644 shares under the ESPP during 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, approximately 3 million shares were reserved for future issuances under the ESPP. Equity-Based Compensation
| ESPP Assumptions
Year Ended December 31, | Expected Term (in Years) | Expected Volatility | Risk-Free Interest Rate | Expected Dividend Yield
2018 | 0.50 | 27-37% | 1.42-2.5% | 0 | %
2017 | 0.50 | 28-37% | 0.62-1.42% | 0 | %
2016 | 0.50 | 32-76% | 0.33-0.62% | 0 | %
Stock-based compensation expense and other disclosures for stock-based awards made to our employees pursuant to the equity plans was as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
(in millions) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016
Cost of providing services | $ | 10 |  | $ | 8 |  | $ | 7 |
Sales and marketing | 8 |  | 6 |  | 6 |
General and administrative | 22 |  | 14 |  | 11 |
Systems development and programming costs | 4 |  | 4 |  | 2 |
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 44 |  | $ | 32 |  | $ | 26 |
Income tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense | $ | 11 |  | $ | 7 |  | $ | 9 |
Tax benefit realized from stock options exercised and similar awards | $ | 23 |  | $ | 28 |  | $ | 7 |
The table below summarizes unrecognized compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 associated with the following:
| Amount (in millions) | Weighted-Average Period (in Years)
Nonvested stock options | $ | — |  | 0.11
Nonvested RSUs | 49 |  | 2.07
Nonvested RSAs | 12 |  | 2.44
Stock Repurchases During 2018, the board of directors did not authorize additional repurchases. During 2017 and 2016, the board of directors authorized $120 million and $100 million, respectively, of outstanding common stock to be repurchased with no expiration from the date of authorization. As of December 31, 2018, approximately $75 million remained available for repurchase pursuant to our stock repurchase program. During 2018, 2017, and 2016, we repurchased 1,190,995 shares, 1,549,434 shares and 3,414,675 shares, respectively. On February 6, 2019, our board of directors authorized a $300 million incremental increase to our ongoing stock repurchase program initiated in May 2014.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208762 + Details
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