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Income Taxes - (Notes)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES INCOME TAXES
Our effective income tax rate was 17% and 19% for the second quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively, and 21% and 19% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease when comparing the second quarter of 2019 with the same period in 2018, is primarily due to a one-time benefit associated with prior year tax expense. The increase in the year to date rates for 2019 when compared to the same period in 2018, consisted primarily from a decrease in tax benefits recognized from excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation.
During the six months ended June 30, 2019, there was an increase of $1 million in our unrecognized tax benefits. The total amount of gross interest and penalties accrued was immaterial. It is reasonably possible the amount of the unrecognized benefit could increase or decrease within the next twelve months, which would have an impact on net income.
We are subject to tax in U.S. federal and various state and local jurisdictions, as well as Canada. We are not subject to any material income tax examinations in federal or state jurisdictions for tax years prior to January 1, 2012. We previously paid Notices of Proposed Assessments disallowing employment tax credits totaling $11 million, plus interest of $4 million in connection with the IRS examination of Gevity HR, Inc. and its subsidiaries, which was acquired by TriNet in June 2009. TriNet filed suit in June 2016 to recover the disallowed credits, and the issue is being resolved through the litigation process. TriNet and the U.S. filed cross motions for summary judgment in federal district court. On September 17, 2018, the federal district court granted TriNet's motion for summary judgment and denied the U.S.'s motion. On January 18, 2019, the federal district court entered judgment in favor of TriNet in the amount of $15 million, plus interest. The U.S. filed a notice of appeal of the federal district court's decision on March 18, 2019. The U.S. filed its opening brief in the court of appeals on June 10, 2019 and we filed our answering brief on July 24, 2019. We will continue to vigorously defend our position through the litigation process.