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STOCK BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Summary of Stock Option Activity Under Equity-Based Plans
The following table summarizes stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:
Number
of Shares
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
(in years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2021306,867 $16.22 2.2$24 
Exercised(116,592)9.30 
Balance at December 31, 2022 (1)
190,275 $20.50 1.5$9 
(1)    All options are vested and exercisable.
Additional Disclosure for Stock Options
Year Ended December 31,
Additional Disclosures for Stock Options (in millions)202220212020
Total fair value of options vested $ $— $— 
Total intrinsic value of options exercised 8 
Cash received from options exercised 1 
Summary of RSU and RSA Activity Under Equity-Based Plans
The following tables summarize RSU and RSA activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:
Time-based RSUs and RSAs
Total Number
of RSUs
Total Number
of RSAs
Total Number
of Shares
Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 20211,008,927 5,744 1,014,671 $68.74 
Granted979,102 — 979,102 86.41 
Vested(589,625)(5,744)(595,369)70.71 
Forfeited(199,843)— (199,843)77.03 
Nonvested at December 31, 20221,198,561  1,198,561 $80.75 
Year Ended December 31,
Additional Disclosures for equity-based plans 202220212020
Total grant date fair value of shares granted (in millions)$85 $47 $50 
Total grant date fair value of shares vested (in millions)$42 $34 $31 
Shares withheld to settle payroll tax liabilities related to vesting of shares held by employees204,191 207,603 230,569 
Performance-based RSUs
Total Number
of RSUs
Total Number Shares
Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2021255,224 255,224 $67.16 
Granted245,808 245,808 84.88 
Vested(252,236)(252,236)65.78 
Forfeited(46,210)(46,210)82.78 
Nonvested at December 31, 2022202,586 202,586 $86.82 
Additional Disclosures for Equity-Based Plans
Year Ended December 31,
Additional Disclosures for equity-based plans 202220212020
Total grant date fair value of shares granted (in millions) (1)
$20 $16 $10 
Total grant date fair value of shares vested (in millions)$17 $$
Shares withheld to settle payroll tax liabilities related to vesting of shares held by employees119,901 77,787 48,787 
(1)    Amount includes fair value of finalized additional grant related to the most recently ended performance period.
Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Value of Stock Options
In applying the Black Scholes option valuation model for the ESPP options, we use the following assumptions:
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)202220212020
Expected Term (in Years)0.50.50.5
Expected Volatility
21-39%
21-35%
40-83%
Risk-Free Interest Rate
0.7-4.5%
0.4-0.7%
0.2-1.6%
Expected Dividend Yield0 %%%
Shares Issued under ESPP158,134 136,861 236,887 
Stock-based Compensation Expense Stock based compensation expense and other disclosures for stock based awards made to our employees pursuant to the equity plans were as follows: 
 Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)202220212020
Cost of providing services$13 $12 $
Sales and marketing7 
General and administrative38 29 26 
Systems development and programming costs4 
Total stock based compensation expense$62 $50 $43 
Total stock based compensation capitalized$1 $$
Income tax benefit related to stock based compensation expense$13 $10 $
Tax benefit realized from stock options exercised and similar awards$14 $16 $14 
The table below summarizes unrecognized compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 associated with the following:
Amount
(in millions)
Weighted-Average Period (in Years)
Nonvested time based RSUs and RSAs$89 2.62
Nonvested performance based RSUs and RSAs17 1.60