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INCOME TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Provision for Income Taxes The provision for income taxes consists of the following:
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)202220212020
Current:
Federal
$112 $86 $96 
State
36 28 30 
   Foreign 
 Total Current148 115 127 
Deferred:
Federal
(17)(7)(33)
State
(6)(3)(9)
Foreign2 (2)— 
Total Deferred(21)(12)(42)
Total$127 $103 $85 
U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate Reconciled to Effective Tax Rate
The U.S. federal statutory income tax rate reconciled to our effective tax rate is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
(in millions, except percent)Pre-Tax IncomeTax Expense/(Benefit)Percent of Pre-Tax Income (Loss)Pre-Tax IncomeTax Expense/(Benefit)Percent of Pre-Tax Income (Loss)Pre-Tax IncomeTax Expense/(Benefit)Percent of Pre-Tax Income (Loss)
$482 $441 $357 
U.S. federal statutory tax rate$101 21 %$93 21 %$75 21 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit34 7 32 25 
Tax rate change  (1)— — — 
Nondeductible meals, entertainment and penalties3 1 — — — 
Stock based compensation3 1 (2)— (2)— 
Uncertain tax positions  (1)— — 
Tax credits(8)(2)(7)(2)(6)(2)
State and tax return to provision adjustments(9)(2)(10)(2)(7)(2)
Other3  (3)(1)(1)— 
Total$127 26 %$103 23 %$85 24 %
Significant Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)20222021
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses (federal and state)$7 $
Accrued expenses17 20 
Accrued workers' compensation costs8 
Recovery credit20 13 
Operating lease liabilities14 13 
Stock based compensation3 
Tax benefits relating to uncertain positions1 
Tax credits (federal, state and foreign)7 
Section 174 Capitalized R&D13 — 
Other3  
Total93 68 
Valuation allowance(8)(5)
Total deferred tax assets85 63 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization(54)(37)
Prepaid commission expenses(24)(24)
Operating lease right-of-use assets(10)(10)
Other (1)
Total deferred tax liabilities(88)(72)
Net deferred tax liabilities$(3)$(9)
Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Valuation Allowance A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of the valuation allowance is presented in the table below:
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)202220212020
Valuation allowance at January 1$5 $$
Charged to net income3 — — 
Valuation allowance at December 318 
Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) related to uncertain income tax provisions, which would affect the effective tax rate if recognized, is presented in the table below:
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)202220212020
Unrecognized tax benefits at January 1$7 $$
Additions for tax positions of prior periods
— — 
Additions for tax positions of current period
2 
Reductions for tax positions of prior period:
Settlements with taxing authorities
— — (1)
Lapse of applicable statute of limitations
(2)(1)— 
Adjustments to tax positions
— (1)— 
Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31$7 $$