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Income Taxes | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded income tax expense of $2 and $3,247, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded income tax (benefit) expense of $(8) and $14, respectively. The change in tax for the three months ended September 30, 2025 when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024 is primarily attributable to a change in state taxes. Our future effective tax rate may vary from the statutory tax rate primarily due to changes in our valuation allowance, state taxes, and excess executive compensation. We have federal and state cumulative net operating losses ("NOLs") as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Given the history of losses, and after consideration for the risk associated with estimates of future taxable income, we established a full valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets at September 30, 2025 and 2024. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”), federal NOLs generated after 2017 will be carried forward indefinitely but are limited to an 80% deduction of taxable income. NOLs generated prior to 2018 have a 20-year carryforward period and can be used to offset 100% of taxable income. An exception to the TCJA federal NOL rule applies to certain of our subsidiaries and requires all NOLs generated from those entities to have a 20-year carryforward period and offset 100% of taxable income. For the year ended December 31, 2024 federal and state NOL carryforwards were $565,838 and $543,513, respectively. $374,188 of the total federal net operating loss carryforwards have an indefinite life while the remaining federal and state net operating loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2033 if not utilized. On June 27, 2024, California Senate Bill 167 (“SB 167”) was enacted into law, suspending California NOL utilization for taxpayers with more than $1 million of taxable income, effective for tax years 2024, 2025, and 2026. SB 167 includes an extended carryover period for the suspended NOLs with an additional year carryforward for each year of suspension. The Company will continue to monitor this legislation and its impact on our deferred tax assets. An “ownership change” as defined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC"), could potentially limit the ability to utilize certain tax attributes including the Company’s substantial NOLs. Ownership change is generally defined as any significant change in ownership of more than 50% of its stock over a three-year testing period. If, as a result of current or future transactions involving our common stock, we undergo cumulative ownership changes which exceed 50% over a testing period, our ability to utilize our NOL carryforwards would be subject to additional limitations under IRC Section 382. We continue to monitor changes in ownership with respect to these income tax provisions. Subsequent to the end of our second quarter, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBB Act”) was enacted on July 4, 2025 in the United States. The OBBB Act includes several significant provisions, including re-establishing a 100% bonus depreciation deduction, re-establishing rules in calculating business interest expense limitations pursuant to §163(j), and removing the capitalization requirements for domestic research or experimental (“R&E”) expenditures paid or incurred in tax years beginning after December 31, 2024. We are currently in process of evaluating the impact of the OBBB Act on our financial results.

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