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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
SCHEDULE 14A
Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (Amendment No. )
Filed by the Registrant ☑
Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐
Check the appropriate box:
☐ Preliminary Proxy Statement
☐ Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))
☑ Definitive Proxy Statement
☐ Definitive Additional Materials
☐ Soliciting Material Pursuant to §240.14a-12
OTTER TAIL CORPORATION

(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)
Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):
☑ No fee required.
☐ Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11.
1) Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies:

2) Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies:

3) Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11 (set forth the amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined):

4) Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction:

5) Total fee paid

☐ Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.

☐ Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule 0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid
previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the Form or Schedule and the date of its filing.
1) Amount Previously Paid:

2) Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.:

3) Filing Party:

4) Date Filed:

Table of Contents
2023
PROXY STATEMENT AND
ANNUAL MEETING NOTICE
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OTTER TAIL CORPORATION
ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
Monday, April 17, 2023
10:00 A.M. (CDT)
Virtual Meeting Link: www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/OTTR2023.
In order to be admitted to the Annual Meeting, you will need to enter the 16-Digit Control Number found on your proxy card, voting instruction form, or Notice you previously received. You may vote during the Annual Meeting by following the instructions that will be available on the virtual meeting website.
Contact Shareholder
Services for Information

E-mail | sharesvc@ottertail.com
Internet | www.ottertail.com
Phone | 800-664-1259 or 218-739-8479
Mail | Otter Tail Corporation P.O. Box 496 Fergus Falls, Minnesota 56538-0496

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March 1, 2023
Dear Shareholders:
We invite you to join us at our 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders on Monday, April 17, 2023 at 10:00 A.M. (CDT). We are again hosting this year’s meeting as a virtual-only meeting. We continue to work to conduct a virtual meeting that closely approximates an in-person experience for our shareholders. An audio archive of the Annual Meeting, including the question and answer session, will be posted on Otter Tail Corporation’s website at www.ottertail.com, within a few days after the meeting’s adjournment.
Our diversified businesses produced record financial results in 2022, delivering earnings of $284.2 million, or $6.78 per diluted share, an increase of 60% from 2021. In addition, in 2022 we increased our dividend by 5.8% and completed our 84th consecutive year of paying dividends to our shareholders. Collectively, our employees navigated a number of challenges this year, including ongoing supply disruptions, volatile raw material costs, workforce challenges and persistent inflationary pressures. Despite these challenges, our employees continued to meet the needs of our customers; delivering reliable, cost-effective and increasingly cleaner energy and producing quality products, delivered on-time with excellent customer service.
Our electric utility continues to execute on its capital spending plan, including investments in renewable generation resources, regional transmission projects and technology investments. Our manufacturing platform businesses effectively managed dynamic macroeconomic and industry conditions with a continued focus on meeting customer expectations. Our PVC pipe manufacturing businesses capitalized on unique industry conditions to produce extraordinary financial results in 2022.
Our electric utility business provides strong and stable cash flows to support our dividend and is complimented by our manufacturing platform businesses, which provide a higher level of earnings growth potential through organic opportunities. We believe our diversified business model positions us to deliver shareholder value through growing our businesses, achieving operational and commercial excellence, and engaging a talented workforce. We look forward to sharing more about our 2022 results and our strategy for sustained success during the 2023 Annual Meeting.
Your vote is important. Information concerning the matters to be considered and voted upon at the 2023 Annual Meeting along with instructions on how to vote your shares is set out in the attached Notice of 2023 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement. Please be sure to retain your Notice or proxy card (if you received a printed copy of the proxy materials), which has your 16-Digit Control Number required to be admitted into the 2023 Annual Meeting.
Thank you for your confidence and investment in Otter Tail Corporation.

Nathan I. Partain | Charles S. MacFarlane
Chairman of the Board | President and Chief Executive Officer

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NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Otter Tail Corporation (the “Corporation”) will be held as a virtual-only meeting on Monday, April 17, 2023 at 10:00 A.M. (CDT). You can attend the Annual Meeting online, vote your shares electronically and submit your questions during the Annual Meeting, by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/OTTR2023. You will need to have your 16‐Digit Control Number included on your Notice or your proxy card (if you received a printed copy of the proxy materials) to join the Annual Meeting. The Annual Meeting will be held to consider and act upon the following proposals:
1. To elect three Directors to Otter Tail Corporation’s Board of Directors to serve terms of three years expiring in April 2026 and until their successors are duly elected and qualified.
2. To approve, in a non-binding advisory vote, the compensation provided to the Named Executive Officers as described in the Proxy Statement.
3. To determine, in a non-binding advisory vote, whether future shareholder votes on the compensation of the Named Executive Officers should occur every one, two or three years.
4. To adopt the Otter Tail Corporation 2023 Stock Incentive Plan.
5. To ratify the appointment of Deloitte & Touche, LLP as Otter Tail Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm for the year 2023.
6. To transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting.
March 1, 2023
JENNIFER O. SMESTAD
Vice President
General Counsel and Corporate Secretary
Important Notice Regarding the Internet Availability of Proxy Materials for the Shareholder Meeting to Be Held on Monday, April 17, 2023: Our Proxy Statement and Annual Report on Form 10-K are available at www.ottertail.com/annual.
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YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT
Please vote your proxy by telephone or the Internet as described in the instructions on the Notice. If you received paper copies of the proxy materials, you could also sign, date and return the accompanying proxy card in the enclosed envelope, which does not require postage if mailed in the United States. If your shares are held of record in a brokerage account, please follow the instructions you receive from your broker. Your broker will submit a proxy card to Otter Tail Corporation reflecting the votes it receives.
The Proxy Statement and Annual Report on Form 10-K were either made available to you over the Internet or mailed to you beginning on or about March 1, 2023. Shareholders who are receiving a paper copy of the Proxy Statement and Annual Report on Form 10-K can elect to receive future reports over the Internet. If you are interested in this option, you may (1) visit www.ProxyVote.com, (2) call 1-800-579-1639 or (3) send an email to sendmaterial@proxyvote.com. If sending an email, please include your 16-Digit Control Number found on your Notice or on the proxy card in the subject line.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item | Page
Forward - Looking Statements | 8
Proxy Statement Questions and Answers | 9
Election of Directors | 12
Corporate Governance | 22
Contact with the Board of Directors | 24
Committees of the Board of Directors | 24
Director Compensation | 25
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners | 26
Compensation Discussion and Analysis | 28
Report of Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee | 35
Executive Compensation | 36
Pay Ratio Disclosure | 46
Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation | 47
Advisory Vote on Say on Pay Frequency | 47
Proposal to Adopt the Otter Tail Corporation 2023 Stock Incentive Plan | 47
Report of Audit Committee | 53
Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 53
Policy and Procedures Regarding Transactions with Related Persons | 54
Shareholder Proposals for 2024 Annual Meeting | 55
Other Business | 55

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FORWARD - LOOKING STATEMENTS
The statements contained in this Proxy Statement about our future performance and operations, including, without limitation, financial and operational results, use of renewable resources and carbon emissions reductions, strategies, visions, prospects, plans, targets, goals, objectives, consequences and all other statements that are not purely historical, are forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions under The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Although we believe that our expectations are based on information currently available and on reasonable assumptions, we can give no assurance they will be achieved. There are a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements made herein. A discussion of some of these risks and uncertainties is contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and available on our website: www.ottertail.com. In addition, any forward-looking statements included herein represent our estimates only as of the date hereof and should not be relied upon as representing our estimates as of any subsequent date. While we may elect to update forward-looking statements from time to time, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so, even if our internal estimates change, unless otherwise required by applicable securities laws.
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PROXY STATEMENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: Why am I receiving these materials?
A: The Board of Directors of Otter Tail Corporation provides these materials in connection with its solicitation of proxies for use at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 17, 2023. As a shareholder, you are invited to attend the Annual Meeting and are entitled to vote on the proposals described in this Proxy Statement.
Q: How can I attend the Annual Meeting?
A: You can attend the Annual Meeting by logging on to our virtual meeting website at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/OTTR2023 and following the instructions provided by your broker on the voting instruction card, on your proxy card or on the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “Notice”).
To participate in the Annual Meeting, you will need the 16-Digit Control Number included on these documents. If you do not have this control number at the time of the meeting, you will still be able to attend virtually, but you will not be able to vote or ask questions. The Annual Meeting will begin promptly at 10:00 A.M. (CDT). We encourage you to access the Annual Meeting prior to the start time. Online check-in will begin at 9:45 A.M. (CDT), and you should allow ample time for the check-in procedures.
Q: Why is Otter Tail holding a virtual Annual Meeting?
A: We have decided to hold a virtual Annual Meeting due to its ease of access, real time communication and cost savings for both our shareholders and Otter Tail Corporation, and it facilitates shareholder attendance and participation from any location. We anticipate continuing virtual Annual Meetings going forward.
Q: How can I ask questions during the Annual Meeting?
A: You will be able to submit questions before the meeting, at the time you register. In addition, you may submit questions in real time during the Annual Meeting through the virtual meeting website following the formal business portion of the meeting. The Chairman and executive management will answer appropriate questions from shareholders regarding the Corporation. Such questions may be submitted in the field provided in the website during the Annual Meeting. To allow us to answer questions from as many shareholders as possible, we will limit each shareholder to two questions. It will help us if questions are succinct and cover only one topic. Submitted questions should follow our Rules of Conduct in order to be addressed during the meeting. Our Rules of Conduct will be posted on the website before the meeting.
Q: What can I do if I need technical assistance during the Annual Meeting?
A: If you encounter any difficulties accessing the virtual meeting during the check-in or meeting time, please call the technical support number that will be posted on the virtual meeting website’s log-in page.
Q: If I can’t attend the Annual Meeting, how do I vote or listen to it later?
A: You do not need to attend the Annual Meeting to vote if you submitted your vote via proxy in advance. A replay of the meeting, including the questions answered during the meeting, will be available on www.ottertail.com within a few days after adjournment.
Only common shareholders of record at the close of business on February 17, 2023, are entitled to vote during the meeting or by proxy at the Annual Meeting. As of the record date, 41,684,526 shares of Otter Tail Corporation were issued and outstanding, of which a majority must be present during the meeting or by proxy in order to constitute a quorum for the Annual Meeting. Each shareholder is entitled to one vote per share.
Q: What proposals may I vote on at the Annual Meeting?
A: You may vote on whether:
•To elect three Directors to Otter Tail Corporation’s Board of Directors to serve terms of three years expiring in April 2026, and until their successors are duly elected and qualified.
•To approve, in a non-binding advisory vote, the compensation provided to the Named Executive Officers as described in this Proxy Statement.
•To determine, in a non-binding advisory vote, whether future shareholder votes on the compensation of the Named Executive Officers should occur every one, two or three years.
•To adopt the Otter Tail Corporation 2023 Stock Incentive Plan.
•To ratify the appointment of Deloitte & Touche, LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year 2023.
•To transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting.
Q: How do I vote my shares?
A: Pursuant to rules adopted by the SEC, we have elected to provide access to our proxy materials over the Internet. Accordingly, we have sent to shareholders who have not requested printed copies of the proxy materials the Notice containing instructions on how to access this Proxy Statement and our Annual Report via the Internet. Shareholders who have received the Notice will not be sent a printed copy of our proxy materials in the mail unless requested.
You may vote either during the virtual Annual Meeting or by granting a proxy. If you desire to grant a proxy, you have three voting options:
(1)by telephone;
(2)by Internet; or
(3)by mail.
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If you intend to vote by proxy, please follow the instructions on the Notice you received for our Annual Meeting of Shareholders. If you received paper copies of our proxy materials, you also received a proxy card or voting instruction card for voting your shares. To register your vote, complete, date and sign the proxy or voting instruction card and return it in the enclosed envelope or vote your proxy by telephone or Internet in accordance with the voting instructions on the card. Voting by proxy will not affect your right to vote your shares if you wish to vote during the virtual meeting.
Q: May I change my vote?
A: You have the right to revoke your proxy any time before the Annual Meeting by:
•providing written notice to an officer of Otter Tail Corporation and voting during the Annual Meeting;
•submitting another proper proxy by telephone or the Internet; or
•submitting a new written proxy bearing a later date at any time before the proxy is voted at the Annual Meeting.
Q: How are the votes counted?
A: On Proposal 1, the election of Directors, you may vote FOR one or more of the nominees or you may WITHHOLD your vote for one or more nominees. You may vote FOR, AGAINST or ABSTAIN on Proposal 2, the non-binding advisory vote on the compensation provided to the Named Executive Officers as described in this Proxy Statement; Proposal 4, adoption of the Otter Tail Corporation 2023 Stock Incentive Plan; and Proposal 5, the ratification of the appointment of Deloitte & Touche, LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for 2023. You may vote FOR one year, two years, three years or ABSTAIN on Proposal 3, the non-binding advisory vote on the frequency for voting on the compensation of the Named Executive Officers. If you return your signed proxy card, but do not mark the boxes showing how you wish to vote, your shares will be voted FOR all proposals and specifically for one year on the non-binding advisory vote on the frequency for voting on the compensation of the Named Executive Officers.
Shares voted as “WITHHOLD” or “ABSTAIN” will be counted as shares that are present and entitled to vote for purposes of determining the presence of a quorum at the Annual Meeting.
The impact of a “WITHHOLD” vote, in combination with the majority voting policy is described below. An “ABSTAIN” vote will have the effect of a vote “AGAINST” Proposals 2 through 5, but with regard to Proposal 3, an “ABSTAIN” vote will have no effect in the event that a plurality voting standard is applied as described below.
If your shares are held in the name of a brokerage firm and you do not provide voting instructions to your broker, your shares will not be voted on any proposal for which your broker does not have discretionary authority to vote. Brokers do have discretionary authority to vote on Proposal 5, the ratification of the appointment of Deloitte & Touche, LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm, but they do not have discretionary authority to vote on the other proposals. If a broker submits “broker non-votes,” meaning a proxy that indicates that the broker does not have discretionary authority as to certain shares to vote on one or more proposals, those shares will be counted as shares that are present and entitled to vote for purposes of determining the presence of a quorum at the meeting, but will not be considered as present and entitled to vote with respect to such proposals. As a result, broker non-votes will have no effect on the voting of any of the proposals presented at the Annual Meeting.
Q: How many votes are needed to approve each proposal?
A: On Proposal 1, the election of Directors, a nominee will be elected by a favorable vote of plurality of the shares of voting stock present and entitled to vote, in person or by proxy, at the Annual Meeting. A plurality means that if shareholders are electing three Directors, the three Director nominees receiving the highest number of votes will be elected. Shareholders do not have the right to cumulate their vote for Directors. Any standing Director candidate who receives a greater number of “WITHHELD” votes than “FOR” votes for his or her election will be required to submit a letter of resignation as outlined in the Otter Tail Corporation’s Corporate Governance Principles. After recommendation from the Corporate Governance Committee, the Board will determine whether to accept the resignation and publicly disclose that decision within 90 days from the date of the certification of the election results.
On Proposal 2, the non-binding advisory vote on the compensation provided to the Named Executive Officers as described in the Proxy Statement, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority (more than 50%) in voting power of the common shares, which are present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote, is required to approve the resolution.
On Proposal 3, the non-binding advisory vote on the frequency for voting on the compensation of the Named Executive Officers, if none of the three options receive the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority (more than 50%) in voting power of the common shares, which are present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote, the Board will consider the option that receives a favorable vote of a plurality of the shares of voting stock present and entitled to vote, in person by proxy, as the recommendation of the shareholders. A plurality means that the option of “one year”, “two years” or “three years” receiving the highest number of votes is deemed to be the shareholders’ recommendation.
On Proposal 4, the adoption of the Otter Tail Corporation 2023 Stock Incentive Plan, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority (more than 50%) in voting power of the common shares, which are present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote, is required to approve the resolution.
On Proposal 5, the ratification of Deloitte & Touche, LLP to serve as the independent public accounting firm, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority (more than 50%) in voting power of the common shares, which are present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote is required to ratify the appointment.
Q: Where and when will I be able to find the results of the voting?
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A: Preliminary results will be announced at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Otter Tail Corporation will publish the final results in a current report on Form 8-K to be filed with the SEC within four business days following the Annual Meeting. You may also find the results on our website www.ottertail.com.
Q: Who bears the cost of soliciting votes for the Annual Meeting?
A: Otter Tail Corporation will pay the cost of preparing, assembling, printing, mailing and distributing these proxy materials. In addition to
soliciting proxies by mail, employees of Otter Tail Corporation may solicit them by telephone or in person. Employees received no additional
compensation for these solicitation activities.
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ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
The Board of Directors of Otter Tail Corporation is currently comprised of eleven Directors divided into three classes. The members of each class are elected to serve three-year terms with the term of office of each class ending in successive years.
The terms of Mr. John D. Erickson, Mr. Nathan I. Partain and Mr. James B. Stake expire at the time of the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. In September 2022, Mr. Stake advised the Board of Directors that he did not intend to stand for reelection at the 2023 Annual Meeting in order to support the ongoing goals of Board refreshment and succession planning.
Under the direction of the Board of Directors, the Corporate Governance Committee engaged in an extensive search to fill the Board vacancy to be created by Mr. Stake’s decision not to stand for re-election. The search was conducted with the assistance of a third party search firm. At the conclusion of the search process, Jeanne H. Crain and Mary E. Ludford were appointed to the Board of Directors effective January 1, 2023.
The Board of Directors, upon recommendation of the Corporate Governance Committee, nominates, Mr. Erickson Mr. Partain and Ms. Crain for election to serve three-year terms ending at the time of the Annual Meeting of Shareholders in 2026, and until their successors are duly elected and qualified.
Under Minnesota law, the affirmative vote of a plurality of the common shares present and entitled to vote for Directors is required for the election of the nominees to the Board of Directors. Proxies, unless otherwise directed thereon, will be voted in favor of all nominees. The proxies solicited may be voted for a substitute nominee or nominees in the event that any of the nominees is unable to serve or for good reason will not serve, which is a contingency not now anticipated.
The Board of Directors has adopted a governance principle whereby a Director candidate in an uncontested election who receives a greater number of votes “WITHHELD” from his or her election than votes “FOR” such election must tender his or her resignation for the Board’s consideration. After recommendation from the Corporate Governance Committee, the Board will determine whether to accept the resignation and publicly disclose that decision within 90 days from the date of the certification of the election results.
Biographies of the Director nominees and of the continuing Directors are found on the following pages, including an outline of his or her senior leadership roles, qualifications and experience to serve on the Board. Except as otherwise noted, each Director and Director nominee has held the same position or another executive position with the same employer for the past five years.
The Corporate Governance Committee reviews the overall composition of the Board, with the goal of achieving balance and diversity, as discussed under “Board Composition and Director Qualifications.”
The Board of Directors has determined that, with the exception of Mr. Charles S. MacFarlane, our President and Chief Executive Officer, all of the Directors and Director nominees are independent as defined by the Nasdaq Listing Standards. However, due to Mr. John D. Erickson’s longstanding ties to Otter Tail Corporation, as described in his biography, he serves on no standing committees.
The Board of Directors recommends a vote FOR the election of all nominees to the Board of Directors.
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Nominees for Election at the Annual Shareholder Meeting in April 2023:

| John D. Erickson Fergus Falls, Minnesota
| Director since: 2007 | Advisor to ECJV Holding, LLC, a subsidiary of Cascade Investments, LLC, since 2011. Former President and Chief Executive Officer of Otter Tail Corporation from 2002 to 2011.
Age at the time of the Annual Meeting: 64
Board Committees: | Senior Leadership Roles:
•None | Having joined Otter Tail Power Company in 1980, Mr. Erickson was appointed to roles of increasing responsibility throughout his career spanning more than 30 years. Prior to his role as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Otter Tail Corporation, from 1998 to 2000, Mr. Erickson served as the Chief Financial Officer, Vice President of Finance and Treasurer. In 2000, Mr. Erickson was named as the Corporation’s Executive Vice President, in addition to his ongoing responsibilities as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Then, in 2001, Mr. Erickson was named as the Corporation’s President, and its Chief Executive Officer in 2002. He served as Otter Tail Power Company’s President from 2001 to 2002 and as its Director of Revenue and Market Analysis from 1989 to 1998.
Other Board Service:
•OE Holdings, LLC (2015 - 2021)
•North Dakota State University Foundation (Nominating and Governance Committee and Chair, Investment Committee)
•Lake Region Healthcare Corporation Board of Trustees (Chair)
| Qualifications and Experience:
| As former Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Erickson contributes public company executive leadership experience, financial expertise and a deep knowledge of the Corporation’s business and the utility industry. During his tenure with the Corporation, he oversaw functions including operations, accounting, financial reporting, finance, and customer energy program marketing. The Board benefits from his comprehensive understanding of regulatory accounting, the regulatory environment, and the service territory for Otter Tail Power Company.

| Nathan I. Partain League City, Texas
| Director since: 1993 | Retired President and Chief Investment Officer of Duff & Phelps Investment Management Co., from 2005 through 2020.
Chairman since: 2011 | Senior Leadership Roles:
Age at the time of the Annual Meeting: 66 | Mr. Partain is retired and currently serves as a consultant for the investment management industry. He most recently served as the President and Chief Investment Officer of Duff & Phelps Investment Management Co., as well as the President and Chief Executive Officer of DNP Select Income Fund, Inc., a closed-end utility income fund. Prior to joining Duff & Phelps, Mr. Partain held financial and regulatory positions with Gulf States Utilities Company. Mr. Partain is a Chartered Financial Analyst.
Board Committees:
•None
Other Board Service:
•NW Natural Holding Company* | Qualifications and Experience:
| The Board benefits from Mr. Partain’s executive leadership and governance expertise, which he has developed over many years of managing and overseeing funds at Duff & Phelps, his financial expertise, and his extensive knowledge of the utility industry gained from over 35 years of providing electric utility investment research and management services to institutional clients of Duff & Phelps.

* A public company with securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
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| Jeanne H. Crain Minneapolis, MN
| Director since: January 1, 2023 | President and Chief Executive Officer of Bremer Financial Corporation, a $16 billion financial services organization with locations in Minnesota, Wisconsin and North Dakota. She has served as CEO since 2016 (“Bremer”).
Age at the time of the Annual Meeting: 63 | Senior Leadership Roles:
Board Committees: | Prior to being appointed as President and CEO, Ms. Crain served as the Group President, Bremer Financial Corporation & CEO, Bremer Bank, Twin Cities and North Dakota Region. She has extensive banking experience, having been involved in the industry in roles of increasing responsibility for 40 years.
•Audit
•Compensation and Human Capital Management
Other Board Service: | Qualifications and Experience:
•Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis (Chair, Audit Committee) | With extensive leadership and strategic planning experience in the banking industry in the same region of Otter Tail Power Company’s service territory, the Board benefits from Ms. Crain’s expansive financial and leadership expertise. In addition, Ms. Crain has a thorough understanding of the utility’s service territory and its customers, as well as the public policy and economic issues affecting the region. As CEO of Bremer, Ms. Crain oversees the technology, regulatory and human resources functions and has a fulsome understanding of these functional areas.
•YMCA of the North (Chair, Finance Committee)
•Bremer Bank

Directors with terms expiring in April 2024:

| Karen M. Bohn Edina, Minnesota
| Director Since: 2003 | President of Galeo Group, LLC, a management consulting firm, since 1998. In this role, Ms. Bohn advises corporate boards and executive leadership.
Age at the time of the Annual Meeting: 69
Board Committees: | Senior Leadership Roles:
•Corporate Governance (Chair) | Prior to her role as President of Galeo Group, LLC, Ms. Bohn served at Piper Jaffray Companies between 1976 and 1998 in positions including Chief Administrative Officer from 1988 to 1998, President of Piper Jaffray Companies Foundation from 1993 to 1998, and Chief Executive Officer and the President of Piper Trust Company from 1994 to 1995.
•Audit
Other Board Service:
•Ameriprise Certificate Company (Chair) | Qualifications and Experience:
•RiverSource Life Insurance Co of New Your (Audit) | Ms. Bohn contributes executive leadership experience from her extensive service at Piper Jaffray Companies, where she oversaw a wide range of corporate functions including corporate communications, community affairs, government relations, human resources, enterprise services, strategic and operational planning and retirement plans. The Board also benefits from Ms. Bohn’s expertise developed over the course of her career in the financial services sector, as well as insights from her consulting practice in the areas of governance, leadership and strategy.
•Evangelical Lutheran Church of America Foundation (Governance, Finance)

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| Charles S. MacFarlane Fergus Falls, Minnesota
| Director Since: 2015 | Chief Executive Officer since 2015 and President since 2014 of Otter Tail Corporation; Chief Executive Officer since 2007 and President from 2003 to 2014 of Otter Tail Power Company.
Age at the time of the Annual Meeting: 58
Board Committees: | Senior Leadership Roles:
•None | In addition to his current roles at Otter Tail Corporation and Otter Tail Power Company, Mr. MacFarlane has held a number of other positions, including as Otter Tail Corporation’s Chief Operating Officer from 2014 to 2015 and its Senior Vice President, Electric Platform and President, Otter Tail Power Company in 2003. Mr. MacFarlane served as Director of Electric Distribution Planning, Engineering and Reliability at Xcel Energy, Inc. from 2000 to 2001 and as Director of Delivery Construction & Field Operations for Northern States Power Company, a subsidiary of Xcel Energy, Inc., from 1997 to 2000.
Other Board Service:
•University of North Dakota Alumni Association and Foundation (Finance Committee)
•Edison Electric Institute (EEI)
•Lake Region Healthcare Corporation Board of Trustees (Chair, Audit Committee) | Qualifications and Experience:
Mr. MacFarlane provides the Board with a direct link to the management team of Otter Tail Corporation and it critical to Board discussions on operations and the development and execution of the strategic direction of Otter Tail Corporation. Mr. MacFarlane also contributes business and utility expertise developed over the course of his career at Otter Tail Power Company and Xcel Energy, Inc. The Board also benefits from Mr. MacFarlane’s deep understanding of the policy and regulatory environments and the service territory for Otter Tail Power Company.

| Thomas J. Webb Richland, Michigan
| Director Since: 2018 | Advisor to a variety of companies, including CenterPoint Energy, Inc. and Pacific Gas and Electric Company.
Age at the time of the Annual Meeting: 70 | Retired Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of CMS Energy Corporation, primarily a gas and electric utility, from 2002 to 2017, and Vice Chair during 2017.
Board Committees:
•Audit | Senior Leadership Roles:
•Compensation and Human Capital Management | Prior to his roles at CMS Energy Corporation, Mr. Webb served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for The Kellogg Company, a multinational food manufacturer, from 1999 to 2002, and as Chief Financial Officer at Visteon Corporation, a division of Ford Motor Company, from 1996 to 1999. He began his career at Ford Motor Company in 1977, holding positions of increasing responsibility in finance and management for a period of more than 22 years in the United States and in Europe.
Other Board Service:
•EnerBank USA (Chair) (2002-2018)
•Southwest Michigan First (Finance and Audit Committee Chair)
Qualifications and Experience:
Mr. Webb contributes executive leadership experience and public company accounting, finance, and financial reporting expertise from his years of service as Chief Financial Officer at CMS, Kellogg, and Visteon. The Board also benefits from Mr. Webb’s comprehensive understanding of utility operations, the utility industry and regulatory accounting from his 15 years at CMS.

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| Mary E. Ludford Chicago, IL
| Director since: January 1, 2023 | Retired Chief Audit Executive and Deputy Chief Security Officer for Exelon Corporation, a Fortune 200 company, which serves 10 million customers through six regulated distribution and transmission utilities.
Age at the time of the Annual Meeting: 63
Board Committees: | Senior Leadership Roles:
•Audit | Ms. Ludford retired in 2020, after having served as Deputy Chief Security Officer of Exelon from 2018-2020, and Vice President, Corporate Operations of Exelon from 2016-2018. Ms. Ludford served as the Chief Audit Executive at Exelon from 2010-2016.
•Corporate Governance
Other Board Service:
•None | Qualifications and Experience:
| Ms. Ludford is an accomplished senior operating and financial executive with 39 years of experience in roles of increasing responsibility and complexity in the energy industry. Ms. Ludford has extensive experience with financial reporting, internal audit, financial controls, mergers and acquisitions, customer operations and the electric utility industry as a whole. Additionally, as Exelon’s Deputy Chief Security Officer, she was accountable for the company’s information and operational technology cyber and physical security programs and through that role gained comprehensive training and experience in cybersecurity matters. She has recent and deep understanding of public policy issues and regulation.

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Directors with Terms Expiring in April 2025:

| Steven L. Fritze Mendota Heights, Minnesota
| Director since: 2013 | Retired Chief Financial Officer of Ecolab, Inc., a global leader in water, hygiene and infection prevention and services, from 2002 to 2012.
Age at the time of the Annual Meeting: 69 | Senior Leadership Roles:
Board Committees: | Mr. Fritze served in roles with increasing leadership responsibility before retiring as Chief Financial Officer at Ecolab, Inc., including as Senior Vice President of Finance from 2001 to 2002, Vice President and Controller from 1998 to 2001, Vice President and Treasurer, from 1995 to 1998, including a period of also serving as Acting Chief Information Officer, and Vice President and Controller of Ecolab’s largest division, Ecolab U.S. Institutional Division, from 1989 to 1995.
•Audit (Chair)
•Corporate Governance
Other Board Service:
•Mortenson Construction, Inc. (2014-2022) (Audit Committee, Chair) | Qualifications and Experience:
•St. Paul and Minnesota Foundation (2013-2021) (Audit and Finance Chair) | Mr. Fritze contributes public company accounting, finance, and financial reporting expertise from his service as Chief Financial Officer of Ecolab, as well as executive leadership experience gained over 32 years of service to Ecolab in a variety of roles. In these positions, Mr. Fritze’s duties included responsibility for the control environment, accounting function, decision support analytics, and public company financial disclosures. Mr. Fritze also had accountability for information technology, investor relations, treasury, tax, global shared services and Global Lean Six Sigma. The Board benefits from Mr. Fritze’s extensive experience with all aspects of public company financial reporting, control environment of a diverse global business and management of information technology systems. Mr. Fritze has also had extensive experience with mergers and acquisitions.

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| Dr. Kathryn O. Johnson Hill City, South Dakota
| Director since: 2013 | Senior Geochemist at Barr Engineering since 2021, where she serves as a project manager and consultant on a part-time basis, with a focus on environmental investigation, assessment, compliance and permitting.
Age at the time of the Annual Meeting: 68
Board Committees: | Senior Leadership Roles:
•Compensation and Human Capital Management | Prior to assuming her current role with Barr Engineering, Dr. Johnson owned and was the Principal of Johnson Environmental Concepts from 1990 through May 2021. In this role, she specialized in applying geochemistry to resource development in the mining industry and remediation of legacy contamination of soil and water. She is a principal in DTH, LLC, and other real estate development businesses in South Dakota and has served in these capacities since 1990. From 2017 to 2021, Dr. Johnson served on the Pennington County Planning Commission, which deals with land use issues of permitting, platting and zoning. In 2019 to 2021, she served on the South Dakota Board of Water and Natural Resources, which promotes water development projects, implements the state water plan and oversees financial assistance to communities for water and waste projects. Dr. Johnson holds a Ph.D. in Geology from the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology.
•Corporate Governance
Other Board Service:
•Goodwill of the Great Plains
•South Dakota Board of Water and Natural Resources (2019-2021)
•South Dakota Board of Regents (2005-2017), President (2011) | Qualifications and Experience:
•South Dakota Board of Minerals and Environment (1995-2005) | Dr. Johnson provides a scientific approach to addressing the issues faced by Otter Tail Power Company and Otter Tail Corporation’s manufacturing companies. Through her education, expertise and experience, she provides perspective regarding environmental regulations associated with air, water, land and water management. The Board also benefits from Dr. Johnson’s working knowledge of South Dakota state government and an understanding of the communities served by Otter Tail Power Company.

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| Dr. Michael E. LeBeau
Bismarck, North Dakota
| Director Since: 2022 | System Vice President for the health services division of Sanford Health, one of the largest health systems in the United States.
Age at the time of the Annual Meeting: 50
Board Committees: | Senior Leadership Roles:
•Corporate Governance | As System Vice President, Dr. LeBeau is responsible for the oversight of the health services division of Sanford Health including the operations of the regions of Bemidji, Fargo, Bismarck, and Sioux Falls. In his role, Dr. LeBeau is also responsible for overseeing the Good Samaritan Society, the Virtual Hospital, as well as the management of Sanford Health’s combined service lines of excellence. Prior to being promoted to System Vice President in 2021, Dr. LeBeau served as the President and CEO of Sanford Health Bismarck, overseeing the administration of health services and the planning and implementation of operational and strategic goals for the Bismarck Region. He held that role from 2019 to 2021. Before being named as President and CEO, Dr. LeBeau served as the Vice President of Clinics for Sanford Health Bismarck, a position he held from 2014 to 2019. In this role, he served as the senior physician executive responsible for the region’s physicians and advanced practice providers. He also served as a Trustee on the Sanford Board of Trustees, the national governing body for Sanford Health.
•Compensation and Human Capital Management
Other Board Service:
•Missouri Family Valley YMCA, Bismarck
•University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences
•University of North Dakota Alumni Association and Foundation
•Sanford Board of Trustees
| Qualifications and Experience:
| Dr. LeBeau contributes executive leadership and health and public policy expertise from his service at Sanford Health Bismarck. He also shares insights based on his tenure on the Sanford Health Board of Trustees and his familiarity with state and federal legislative initiatives as they impact communities in the North Dakota service territory. Dr. LeBeau is an active community leader, serving on various regional boards and collaborating with decision makers on the development of health and public policy.

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BOARD COMPOSITION AND DIRECTOR QUALIFICATIONS
The Corporate Governance Committee reviews with the Board, on an annual basis, existing Directors’ skills, experience and qualifications and the priorities for future Director candidates, in the context of the Board’s overall composition. Our goal is a balanced and diverse Board, with members whose collective skills, backgrounds, and experience are complementary and, taken together, cover the areas that impact our businesses. In identifying the pool of potential candidates from which new director nominees are chosen, the Corporation is committed to diversity, equity and inclusion as part of who we are, what we value and how we achieve individual, business and community success. We include female and racially or ethnically diverse candidates in our director search and require our search firms to follow a similar process.
We believe our Directors possess the appropriate range and depth of expertise and experience to effectively oversee the Corporation’s operations, risk and long-term strategy. The following Board Diversity Matrix and Board Profile provide a high-level overview of certain personal characteristics, backgrounds, skills and experiences of Directors serving as of the date of this Proxy Statement and the date of the previous year’s Proxy Statement.

|  | 2023 |  | 2022
|  | Female | Male | Non-Binary | Did Not Disclose Gender |  | Female | Male | Non-Binary | Did Not Disclose Gender
Part I: Gender Identity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Directors |  | 4 | 7 | — | — |  | 2 | 7 | — | —
Part II: Demographic Background |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
African American or Black |  | — | — | — | — |  | — | — | — | —
Alaskan Native or Native American |  | — | 1 | — | — |  | — | 1 | — | —
Asian |  | — | — | — | — |  | — | — | — | —
Hispanic or Latinx |  | — | — | — | — |  | — | — | — | —
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander |  | — | — | — | — |  | — | — | — | —
White |  | 4 | 6 | — | — |  | 2 | 6 | — | —
Two or More Races or Ethnicities |  | — | — | — | — |  | — | — | — | —
Total Number of Directors |  | 11 |  | 9
LGBTQ+ |  | — |  | —
Did Not Disclose Demographic Background |  | — |  | —

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Board Profile
The following skills matrix captures just some of the skills, experience and qualifications we seek to inform and enrich the oversight functions and deliberations by our Directors. The following matrix indicates those Directors who possess relevant professional training and experience in the referenced areas.

Experience or Skill | % of Directors Possessing | Experience or Skill | % of Directors Possessing
Utility |  | Technology |
Manufacturing |  | Mergers / Acquisitions |
Board and Public Company Governance |  | Human Resources |
Leadership and Strategic Planning |  | Public Policy |
Finance / Accounting |  |  |

In addition to seeking out director candidates with skills and experiences that are important to our businesses, the Corporate Governance Committee considers factors including, but not limited to: a reputation for integrity, honesty and ethical conduct; demonstrated leadership and excellence in their fields of service; balance of tenure; diversity of background and personal characteristics (including gender, race, ethnicity and sexual orientation), industry, geography, professional skills and life experiences; representation of the service territories of Otter Tail Power Company; understanding of relevant industries, technologies, and markets; financial literacy; independence; interest in and ability to understand
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the various constituencies of the Corporation and to act in the interests of its shareholders; and commitment to regularly attending and participating in meetings of the Board and its committees and annual meetings of shareholders.
Board Education
The Corporation provides its Directors with regular updates on corporate governance practices and supports external educational training to enhance the Directors’ effectiveness on the Board. Directors are expected to attend at least one external educational experience on an annual basis. The Board also received training on cybersecurity matters and the state of the economy in 2022 from external and independent advisors.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Otter Tail Corporation is committed to sound corporate governance policies and practices that promote effective, transparent and accountable decision making by our Directors and executive officers. The Board believes that good corporate governance is the foundation for ensuring that Otter Tail Corporation is operated in an open, honest and ethical manner and in the best interest of our shareholders. The Corporate Governance Principles, which may be found on the Corporation’s website at www.ottertail.com, have been adopted by the Board of Directors of the Corporation to assist Directors in the performance of their duties and the exercise of their responsibilities.
Highlights of our corporate governance policies and practices include:
•Annual review of political contributions and lobbying activities and the related policy by the Corporate Governance Committee;
•Regular oversight of risk management and significant and emerging risks, including environmental and climate change and cybersecurity risks, all of which are discussed at Board meetings during the year as well as included within the Corporation’s strategic planning process;
•Separate independent Chairman and Chief Executive Officer roles, with periodic review of the Board leadership structure;
•Ten of eleven members of the Board of Directors are independent Directors;
•Comprehensive Director nomination process, with attention to Board refreshment and Board composition;
•Annual Board and committee self-evaluations, which are reviewed and facilitated through a third party to enhance candid and thorough feedback to support a robust process;
•Periodic peer evaluation of individual Board members through an independent third party;
•Annual advisory vote on executive compensation;
•Majority voting policy for the election of Directors in uncontested elections;
•Director onboarding program and continuing education reviewed annually for each Director, with experts invited to Board meetings to moderate discussions on topics such as the economy, cybersecurity and other matters relevant to our businesses;
•Independent standing committees with the authority to obtain independent advisors at the expense of the Corporation as the committees deem necessary;
•The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee’s expanded duties include overseeing the attraction, development and retention of talent and programs, policies relating to diversity, equity and inclusion and the Corporation’s insider trading policy;
•Inclusion of female and racially or ethnically diverse candidates and LGBTQ+ candidates in Director searches;
•Regular executive sessions after Board and Committee meetings;
•Stock ownership guidelines that align Directors’ and executive officers’ interests with shareholder interests;
•Direct access to the executive management team for Directors;
•Annual review of succession plans and development plans for Chief Executive Officer and executive management;
•No stockholder rights plan (“poison pill”); and
•Limits on board service of no more than three public company boards for non-employee Directors (two for the CEO), including this Board, absent review and approval by the Chairs of the Board and the Corporate Governance Committee.
BOARD LEADERSHIP
Pursuant to Otter Tail Corporation’s Bylaws and Corporate Governance Principles, the Board of Directors determines the best Board leadership structure for Otter Tail Corporation. Otter Tail Corporation has a separate Chair of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, each of whom are elected annually by the Board. Otter Tail Corporation believes that its leadership structure is optimal for Otter Tail Corporation at this time. This structure allows the Chief Executive Officer to focus on managing the complex, multi-platform businesses of Otter Tail Corporation while the Chair oversees the functioning of the Board. Both leaders work closely together on Board matters. The Chief Executive Officer’s familiarity with the businesses coupled with the Chairman’s independent perspective strengthen the Board’s agenda and discussions. The Board recognizes that there are circumstances when combining the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer roles may be appropriate, such as for an interim period when either a Board leader becomes incapacitated or in the course of other Chair or Chief Executive Officer transitions.
RISK OVERSIGHT
The Board of Directors oversees the enterprise risk management program for Otter Tail Corporation. The Board of Directors is routinely called upon in the exercise of its business judgment to make complex and evolving risk assessments.
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These actions are in addition to the following practices, structure and processes, which the Board has established, to fulfill its risk management and oversight responsibilities:
•Executive Risk Committee: The Executive Risk Committee is comprised of the executive officers of the Corporation. The Executive Risk Committee meets quarterly to identify and assess short-, medium- and long-term risks, and to ensure adequate mitigation strategies are implemented across the operating companies. During these meetings, the Executive Risk Committee reviews the Corporation’s significant and emerging risks, including cybersecurity and climate change, and assesses the Corporation’s plans to mitigate or manage those risks. These risks are also reviewed and considered in conjunction with management’s development of the strategic plan objectives and initiatives.
•Board Risk Oversight:
◦Strategic Plan and Executive Officer Succession Planning: The Board of Directors assesses risks associated with the strategic plan annually and also reviews and discusses succession planning for the Otter Tail Corporation executive officers. During the strategic planning process and annual retreat, strategic risks and opportunities associated with the Corporation and its businesses are assessed.
◦Annual and Quarterly Risk Review: The Board of Directors approaches oversight, management and mitigation of risk as an integral and continuous part of its governance of Otter Tail Corporation. The Board of Directors regularly reviews management’s top and emerging risk assessment and analyzes areas of existing and future risks and opportunities. Specifically, the Board of Directors oversees a complete corporate risk assessment at least annually. The Board also reviews significant and emerging risks, including environmental and climate change, as well as cybersecurity risks, on a quarterly basis in conjunction with its review of the Business Risk Management report. The risks reviewed include all significant and emerging risks, inclusive of short-, medium, and long-term risks. The risks are also assessed their respective velocity. Through the quarterly process, the Board reviews with management climate change risk associated with the transition to a lower-carbon economy, including legislative and regulatory policies associated with the transition, as well as the physical impacts of climate change and the Corporation’s plans and approach to monitoring, managing and mitigating these risks.
•Committee Risk Oversight: While the Board as a whole is ultimately responsible for risk oversight, Otter Tail Corporation’s three standing committees assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities:
◦The Audit Committee reports to the Board on risks associated with financial reporting and controls, along with its review of the business risk management program. The Audit Committee also oversees the Code of Business Ethics compliance program. The Audit Committee meets quarterly in executive sessions with the Chief Financial Officer, the Vice President of Internal Audit and Business Risk Management and other members of senior management, as well as with the external auditors to discuss our major financial risk exposures. The Corporation’s Code of Business Ethics is found at www.ottertail.com.
◦The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee reports to the Board on risks arising from human capital programs and compensation policies and programs, particularly risks related to incentive and equity-based compensation plans, and it ensures that the Executive Compensation Policy is aligned with performance.
◦The Corporate Governance Committee reports to the Board on risks associated with corporate governance policies and practices. The Committee annually reviews the Corporation’s political contributions and lobbying activities in accordance with the Corporation’s Political Contributions and Lobbying Policy, as well as the Policy itself.
DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE DETERMINATIONS
The Board has affirmatively determined that all Directors except for the CEO, Mr. MacFarlane, are independent in accordance with the Nasdaq Listing Standards. In considering Director independence, the Corporate Governance Committee reviewed transactions between the Corporation and the Directors, their immediate families and affiliated organizations. In particular, in 2021, the Corporate Governance Committee considered Dr. Johnson’s part-time employment with Barr Engineering, Inc. (“Barr”) as a Senior Geochemist. Barr has provided engineering and environmental services to two of the Corporation’s subsidiaries, Otter Tail Power Company and BTD Manufacturing, Inc. The Corporate Governance Committee reviewed the terms and conditions of Dr. Johnson’s employment and the Barr transactions. Dr. Johnson recused herself from these deliberations. The Committee determined that her employment with Barr is not related to, or conditioned on, Barr’s services to the Corporation’s subsidiaries. As a result, Dr. Johnson did not have a material interest in the Corporation’s transactions with Barr. Separately, the Audit Committee concluded that Dr. Johnson’s employment with Barr did not constitute a “covered transaction” within the Corporation’s Policies and Procedures Regarding Transactions with Related Parties. Based on this analysis and conclusion, the Corporate Governance Committee recommended to the Board, and the Board determined, that these transactions did not impair Dr. Johnson’s independence. In early 2023, each of the Audit Committee and the Corporate Governance Committee reviewed the matter again for transactions occurring in 2022 and each separately confirmed its earlier conclusions - that Dr. Johnson did not have a material interest in the transactions between Barr and the Corporation and that Dr. Johnson remains an independent Director.
DIRECTOR NOMINATION PROCESS
As discussed in greater detail under “Board Composition and Director Qualifications,” our goal is a balanced and diverse Board, with members whose collective skills, backgrounds, and experiences are important to our businesses. Accordingly, the Board of Directors has not set minimum standards for Director candidates. Rather, it seeks highly qualified individuals with diverse backgrounds and business and life experiences that will enable them to constructively review and guide management of Otter Tail Corporation. The Corporate Governance Committee considers and evaluates potential Director candidates and makes recommendations to the full Board of Directors. Any shareholder may submit a recommendation for nomination to the Board of Directors by sending a written statement of the qualifications of the recommended individual to
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the President and Chief Executive Officer, Otter Tail Corporation, P.O. Box 496, Fergus Falls, MN 56538-0496. For the Board of Directors to consider a nominee recommendation for the 2024 Annual Meeting, shareholders should submit the recommendation and the required information by November 2, 2023 for inclusion in Otter Tail Corporation’s Proxy Statement and form of proxy relating to that meeting. The Corporate Governance Committee will use the same process for evaluating all nominees, regardless of whether the nominee recommendation is submitted by a shareholder or some other source.
If a shareholder wants to nominate a candidate for election to the Board of Directors outside of the Corporation’s Proxy Statement, the shareholder must give written notice to the Corporate Secretary of Otter Tail Corporation for the nomination to be properly made. Notice must be received at Otter Tail Corporation’s principal executive offices by January 18, 2024 for the candidate to be presented at the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The notice must be made in accordance with our Bylaws and must set forth: (i) the name and address of the shareholder who intends to make the nomination and of the nominee or nominees, (ii) a representation that the shareholder is a holder of record of shares of Otter Tail Corporation entitled to vote at the meeting and that the shareholder intends to attend in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person or persons specified in the notice, (iii) a description of all arrangements or understandings between the shareholder and each nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination or nominations are to be made by the shareholder, (iv) such other information regarding each nominee proposed by the shareholder as would have been required to be included in a Proxy Statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules of the SEC had each nominee been nominated, or intended to be nominated, by the Board of Directors, and (v) the consent of each nominee to serve as a Director of Otter Tail Corporation if so elected. In addition, notice of the nomination must comply with the additional requirements of Rule 14a-19(b) of the Exchange Act.
MEETINGS
Directors are expected to attend Board and Committee meetings, as well as the Annual Meetings of Shareholders, on a regular basis. The full Board of Directors held a total of five meetings in 2022, including a planning retreat with senior management in June 2022. During 2022, the Board of Directors met regularly in executive session with only the independent Directors. Each Director attended at least 75% of the total meetings of the Board of Directors and the meetings of the committees on which he or she served. Each of the Directors also attended the Annual Meeting of Shareholders in 2022.
CONTACT WITH THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Questions may be sent to the entire Board of Directors, to a particular committee, or to an individual Director. The mailing address is Otter Tail Corporation, Board of Directors, P.O. Box 496, Fergus Falls, MN 56538-0496 and the Web Form for online submissions can be found on our website at www.ottertail.com. Although reviewed by the Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary, all questions are forwarded to the Board of Directors or to the appropriate committee or Director, as determined by the Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary.
COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The Board of Directors has established a standing Audit Committee, Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee, and Corporate Governance Committee. The charters of each of these Committees outlines the Committees’ delegated responsibilities and are reviewed annually both by the Committee and the Board and can be found at www.ottertail.com.
AUDIT COMMITTEE
Responsibilities: The Audit Committee oversees corporate accounting and financial reporting practices, and ensures the integrity of financial reports, as well as legal compliance and business ethics. The Committee provides an open avenue of communication among the independent accountants, financial and senior management, the internal audit function and the Board. Among its responsibilities, the Committee reviews annual and quarterly financial statements with management and the independent accountants, and it discusses with management and the independent accountant significant assumptions, estimates and judgments used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. The Committee selects and retains the independent accountants for all audit, review and attest services performed for the Corporation (including the annual financial audit), considering independence and effectiveness. The Committee reviews at least annually the internal audit function and makes inquires of management and the independent accountants concerning the adequacy of the Corporation’s system of internal controls. The Audit Committee also has oversight responsibility for Otter Tail Corporation’s Code of Business Ethics.
Membership: In 2022, this Committee was composed of four members of the Board of Directors: Ms. Karen M. Bohn, Mr. Steven L. Fritze (Chair), Mr. James B. Stake and Mr. Thomas J. Webb. The Board has determined that all current Committee members are independent Directors as defined by the Nasdaq Listing Standards and SEC regulations. The Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Fritze, Mr. Stake and Mr. Webb each meet the SEC definition of an audit committee financial expert and all members of the Committee are financially literate.
Meetings: The Audit Committee held five meetings in 2022. The Audit Committee routinely meets in executive session with internal audit and the independent registered public accounting firm without management present. During 2022, the Committee received regular presentations on new accounting standards affecting Otter Tail Corporation.
For further information on the actions of the Audit Committee, please refer to the Report of the Audit Committee.
COMPENSATION AND HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
Responsibilities: The Committee reviews and reports to the Board of Directors on all compensation programs, plans and policies involving Otter Tail Corporation’s Board of Directors and Otter Tail Corporation’s executive officers, and it develops, evaluates and recommends for approval all Otter
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Tail Corporation equity-based compensation plans. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee oversees the administration of the Corporation’s stock incentive plans and Executive Annual Incentive Plan, including policies related to ownership and trading of the Corporation’s securities. In addition, the Committee oversees employee compensation and benefits, and oversees the management of human capital, including policies and programs related to the attraction, development and retention of talent. In addition, the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee oversees succession plans other than for the Chief Executive Officer and the Corporation’s executive officers (which plans are a responsibility of the full Board), as well as those policies and programs supporting workplace health and safety and diversity, equity and inclusion. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee periodically retains an outside compensation consultant to advise its decision-making process. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee sets compensation for the Directors, subject to ratification by the Board, and compensation for the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the other Named Executive Officers, subject to ratification by a majority of the independent Directors.
Membership: In 2022, this Committee was composed of four members of the Board of Directors: Dr. Kathryn O. Johnson, Dr. Michael E. LeBeau, Mr. James B. Stake (Chair) and Mr. Thomas J. Webb. The Board has determined that all Committee members are independent Directors as defined by the Nasdaq Listing Standards and non-employee Directors as defined by rules under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act.
Meetings: The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee held five meetings in 2022.
For further information on the actions of the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee, please refer to the Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD & A”) and the Report of the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE
Responsibilities: The Committee identifies and recommends to the Board of Directors qualified candidates for election as Directors, Director committee assignments and actions necessary for the proper governance of Otter Tail Corporation and for the evaluation of the performance of the Board of Directors, its Committees and the Chief Executive Officer. With input from the Chief Executive Officer, the Corporate Governance Committee recommends certain executive officers for annual election. The Corporate Governance Committee reviews issues and developments related to corporate governance practices and makes recommendations to the Board of Directors on changes in structure, rules or practice necessary for compliance and for good corporate governance. For example, the Committee oversees the Corporation’s political contributions and lobbying activities. The Committee also reviews the onboarding program and continuing education that each member of the Board has received on an annual basis.
Membership: In 2022, this Committee was composed of four members of the Board of Directors: Ms. Karen M. Bohn (Chair), Mr. Steven L. Fritze, Dr. Kathryn O. Johnson and Dr. Michael E. LeBeau. The Board has determined that all committee members are independent Directors as defined by the Nasdaq Listing Standards.
Meetings: The Corporate Governance Committee held nine meetings in 2022.
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
Director compensation is designed to attract and retain qualified, non-employee Directors and to align their interests with those of our shareholders. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee periodically reviews compensation practices for non-employee Directors to ensure that Director compensation remains competitive with market practices and commensurate to the responsibilities undertaken by our Directors.
In 2021, a market analysis was conducted by the Committee’s compensation consultant, WTW, using data from the National Association of Corporate Directors and the Peer Group.
ANNUAL RETAINERS
For 2022, retainers for non-employee Directors and the Chairman were increased to align with competitive market practice:
•Non-employee Directors, except the Chairman, receive an annual retainer that was increased from $72,000 to $76,000.
•The Chairman receives an annual retainer that was increased from $137,000 to $144,000.
•Each Committee chair currently receives an additional retainer of $15,000 per year, except that the Audit Committee Chair’s retainer is $21,000.
Directors do not receive a meeting fee for attending Board or standing committee meetings. As an executive officer of Otter Tail Corporation, Mr. MacFarlane does not receive non-employee Director compensation for his service as a member of the Board of Directors.
Non-employee Directors may elect to receive their annual retainers in the form of cash, stock or a combination of both. Cash retainers are paid monthly, whereas stock retainers are delivered quarterly.
RESTRICTED STOCK GRANTS
Each non-employee Director receives an annual grant of restricted stock with an approximate value that was increased from $90,000 to $95,000 for 2022. The restricted stock is granted under the terms of the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan on the date of the Annual Meeting. Each non-employee Director receives an additional grant of restricted stock with an approximate value of $10,500 for each standing committee on which they serve, and the Chairman receives an additional grant of restricted stock with an approximate value of $26,500. All shares of restricted stock awarded to non-employee Directors are eligible for full dividend and voting rights and vest over a period of three years at the rate of 33.3% per year.
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DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN
Non-employee Directors may elect to defer the receipt of all or part of their cash compensation pursuant to the Otter Tail Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors. The deferral may be in the form of cash or restricted stock units. Cash deferrals receive interest at a rate equal to 1% over the prime commercial rate of U.S. Bank National Association. Deferrals in the form of restricted stock units are credited quarterly with dividend equivalents equal to the dividend rate on Otter Tail Corporation’s common shares, and the deferred amount is paid out in common shares.
STOCK OWNERSHIP GUIDELINE
Otter Tail Corporation has established a stock ownership guideline for non-employee Directors, who are expected to hold Otter Tail Corporation stock equal to five times the value of the non-Chair annual retainer ($380,000) to be achieved within five years of beginning service on the Board of Directors. All existing non-employee Directors either meet the expectation or are within the five-year period provided to reach the prescribed amount.
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION TABLE
The following table provides summary compensation information for each non-employee Director for the year ending December 31, 2022:

Name | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($)1 | Stock Awards ($)2, 3 | Total ($)
Karen M. Bohn | 89,750 |  | 119,966 |  | 209,716 |
John D. Erickson | 75,000 |  | 107,338 |  | 182,338 |
Steven L. Fritze | 95,750 |  | 119,966 |  | 215,716 |
Kathryn O. Johnson | 75,000 |  | 119,966 |  | 194,966 |
Michael E. LeBeau | 37,636 |  | 157,331 |  | 194,967 |
Timothy J. O’Keefe(4) | 24,000 |  | — |  | 24,000 |
Nathan I. Partain | 142,250 |  | 126,280 |  | 268,530 |
James B. Stake | 89,750 |  | 119,966 |  | 209,716 |
Thomas J. Webb | 75,000 |  | 119,966 |  | 194,966 |

(1)Includes the aggregate dollar amount of all retainers earned or paid in cash for services as a Director (both paid and deferred) including annual retainer and chair retainers.
(2)Represents the aggregate grant-date fair value of restricted stock awards granted to non-employee Directors in 2022 computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification ("FASB ASC") Topic 718, Compensation Stock-Compensation.
(3)The number of shares of restricted stock held by each Director at fiscal year-end is as follows: Ms. Bohn, 4,233; Mr. Erickson, 3,633; Mr. Fritze, 4,233; Dr. Johnson, 4,233; Dr. LeBeau, 1,900; Mr. Partain, 4,533; Mr. Stake, 4,233; and Mr. Webb, 4,233.
(4)Mr. O’Keefe retired from the Company’s Board of Directors effective April 11, 2022, having reached the mandatory retirement age for the Board of Directors.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Listed in the following table are the number of common shares of Otter Tail Corporation beneficially owned by each Director, Director nominee and executive officer named in the Summary Compensation Table, as well as the number of shares owned by all Directors and executive officers of Otter Tail Corporation as a group, as of December 31, 2022. The table also includes those persons known to Otter Tail Corporation to own beneficially (as defined by the SEC for Proxy Statement purposes) more than 5% of the outstanding common shares of Otter Tail Corporation as of the dates in their Schedule 13 filings:
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Common Shares of Otter Tail Corporation |  |
Name of Beneficial Owner | Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership 1, 2 | Percent of Class 1
John S. Abbott 3 | 44,026 |  | *
Karen M. Bohn | 43,950 |  | *
Jeanne H. Crain 4 | — |  | *
John D. Erickson | 149,805 |  | *
Steven L. Fritze | 25,233 |  | *
Kathryn O. Johnson | 22,653 |  | *
Michael E. LeBeau | 2,500 |  | *
Mary E. Ludford 4 | — |  | *
Charles S. MacFarlane 5 | 284,046 |  | *
Kevin G. Moug 6 | 105,984 |  | *
Nathan I. Partain 7 | 71,325 |  | *
Timothy J. Rogelstad 8 | 51,857 |  | *
Jennifer O. Smestad 9 | 15,802 |  | *
James B. Stake | 46,794 |  | *
Thomas J. Webb | 10,800 |  | *
All Directors, director nominees and executive officers as a group (16 persons) | 874,775 |  | 2.1%
The Vanguard Group 10 100 Vanguard Boulevard Malvern, PA 19355-2331 | 4,908,646 |  | 11.8%
Cascade Investment, LLC 11 2365 Carillon Point Kirkland, WA 98033 | 3,456,499 |  | 8.3%
BlackRock, Inc. 12 55 East 52nd Street New York, NY 10055 | 3,134,226 |  | 7.5%

*Indicates ownership of less than 1% of the total outstanding common shares.
(1)Represents common shares beneficially owned both directly and indirectly as of December 31, 2022. Except as indicated by footnotes below, the beneficial owner possesses sole voting and investment powers with respect to the shares shown. No shares owned by any Director or executive officer were pledged as of December 31, 2022. The information provided is based upon 41,631,113 common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022.
(2)Includes common shares held by the Trustee of Otter Tail Corporation’s ESOP for the account of executive officers of Otter Tail Corporation with respect to which such persons have sole voting power and no investment power, as follows: Mr. MacFarlane, 2,841 shares; Mr. Moug, 360 shares; Mr. Rogelstad, 3,060 shares; Ms. Smestad, 477 shares; and all Directors and executive officers as a group, 6,738 shares.
(3)Includes 1,800 restricted stock units which vested on February 6, 2023 and 8,400 performance shares which vested on February 7, 2023.
(4)Appointed to the Board effective January 1, 2023 and has five years to fulfill stock ownership expectation.
(5) Includes 42,673 shares held indirectly in a Grantor Retained Annuity Trust and 75,459 shares held indirectly in a Spousal Limited Access Trust. Includes 9,025 restricted stock units that vested on February 6, 2023 and 41,400 performance share awards that vested on February 7, 2023. Mr. MacFarlane no longer has a reportable beneficial interest in 2,082 shares of common stock owned by his daughter included in previously reported amounts.
(6)Includes 1,449 shares owned jointly with Mr. Moug’s wife as to which he shares voting and investment power. Includes 2,350 restricted stock units that vested on February 6, 2023 and 11,000 performance shares that vested on February 7, 2023.
(7)Includes 62,561 common shares previously held in the Spousal Limited Access Trust that were gifted to Mr. Partain’s revocable trust on March 10, 2022. Mr. Partain has sole voting and investment power over these shares.
(8)Includes 2,190 shares owned jointly with Mr. Rogelstad’s wife as to which he shares voting and investment power. Includes 1,800 restricted stock units that vested on February 6, 2023 and 8,400 performance shares that vested on February 7, 2023.
(9)Includes 10,762 shares, which are owned jointly with Ms. Smestad’s husband as to which she shares voting and investment power. Includes 49 shares owned by Ms. Smestad’s daughter, as to which she, as custodian, and has voting and investment power. Includes 1,275 restricted stock units that vested on February 6, 2023 and 6,300 performance shares that vested on February 7, 2023.
(10)Based on information in an Amendment No. 12 to Schedule 13G filed by The Vanguard Group (“Vanguard”) with the SEC on February 9, 2023 for its holdings as of December 30, 2022. Vanguard reported that it has sole voting power as to 0 shares, shared voting power as to 45,888 shares, sole investment power as to 4,827,615 shares, and shared investment power as to the remainder.
(11)Based on information in an Amendment No. 11 to Schedule 13D jointly filed by Cascade Investment, LLC (“Cascade”) and William H. Gates, III, with the SEC on February 20, 2020 with respect to their holdings as of February 20, 2020. According to the filing, the common shares owned by Cascade may be deemed to be beneficially owned by Mr. Gates as the sole member of Cascade. Michael Larson, Business Manager and Chief Investment Officer, Cascade Investments, has voting and investment power with respect to the common shares beneficially owned by Cascade. Mr. Larson disclaims beneficial ownership of the common shares beneficially owned by Cascade and Mr. Gates.
(12)Based on information in Amendment No. 8 to Schedule 13G filed by BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”) with the SEC on January 31, 2023 for its holdings as of December 31, 2022, BlackRock reported that it has sole voting power as to 3,069,221 shares and sole investment power as to 3,134,226 shares.
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The information with respect to beneficial ownership of securities of Otter Tail Corporation is based on information furnished to Otter Tail Corporation by each person included in the table.
COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Otter Tail Corporation believes that strong, effective leadership is the cornerstone of its continued growth and success. To be successful, Otter Tail Corporation must be able to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified executive officers with the competencies needed to excel in a rapidly changing marketplace and to understand issues relating to a diverse group of companies in several different industries.
Executive compensation at Otter Tail Corporation is focused on results. Total direct compensation includes base pay, annual cash incentive and stock-based long-term incentive. The mix of pay is designed to reflect a strong bias towards pay for performance by placing a majority of target compensation at risk. The only elements of total direct compensation that are not performance-based are base pay and restricted stock units. Annual cash incentive and other stock-based long-term incentive are performance- and metric-based. The individual performance portion of the annual cash incentive has a discretionary element.
At the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, Otter Tail Corporation provided shareholders an advisory vote on executive compensation. 95.7% of shareholders present and entitled to vote (excluding broker non-votes) approved, on an advisory basis, the compensation of Otter Tail Corporation’s Named Executive Officers. Otter Tail Corporation conducts an advisory vote on executive compensation annually.
The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee takes into account the result of the shareholder vote in determining executive compensation policies and decisions. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee views the 2022 vote as a strong expression of the shareholders’ general satisfaction with Otter Tail Corporation’s current executive compensation programs. While the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee considers this shareholder satisfaction in determining the present framework of executive compensation programs, decisions regarding incremental changes in the compensation programs and individual compensation are made in consideration of Otter Tail Corporation’s performance, current economic conditions and individual executive officer performance as described in more detail below.
PURPOSE AND PHILOSOPHY
The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for developing and recommending to the Board of Directors the goals and objectives of Otter Tail Corporation’s compensation policies and practices for the executive officers, including the following individuals:
•Charles S. MacFarlane, our President and Chief Executive Officer.
•Kevin G. Moug, our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
•Timothy J. Rogelstad, our Senior Vice President, Electric Platform, and President, Otter Tail Power Company.
•John S. Abbott, our Senior Vice President, Manufacturing Platform, and President, Varistar Corporation, which includes our Manufacturing and Plastics reporting segments.
•Jennifer O. Smestad, our Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary.
These individuals are referred to in this CD&A as the “Named Executive Officers.” Each of these Named Executive Officers is included in the Summary Compensation Table, Total Realized Pay and the related tables.
The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee has adopted an Executive Compensation Policy, which outlines the overall executive compensation philosophy of Otter Tail Corporation and describes the components of executive compensation for executive officers.
In accordance with its Executive Compensation Policy, Otter Tail Corporation provides competitive compensation to its executive officers by combining base pay, annual cash incentive, stock-based long-term incentive, retirement plans and competitive health, dental, paid time off (“PTO”) and other traditional benefits.
•Base pay is designed to be market competitive and to reflect tenure, experience, skill set and individual performance.
•Annual cash incentive awards are designed to reward executives for Otter Tail Corporation’s current year financial success and recognize the responsibilities of the executive officers for meeting Otter Tail Corporation’s financial performance goals.
•Stock-based long-term incentive awards provided under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan focus on long-term performance by aligning the executive officers’ long-term financial interests with shareholders’ interests.
•Retirement plans are provided to encourage long tenure among the executive officers.
•Health, PTO, dental and other benefits are designed to be competitive with companies with whom Otter Tail Corporation competes for executive talent.
The key elements of our executive compensation philosophy are:
•Pay is performance-based. Approximate ly 68% of executive officer target direct compensation is at risk and is contingent on company performance.
•Incentives are aligned with our business strategy. Performance goals and targets are aligned with our annual business plan, as well as our long-term growth model and strategic priorities.
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•Safety is a metric for annual incentive pay. Safety is one of the Corporation’s core values and the Corporation establishes safety targets to drive safe behaviors at all of our operating companies, for all of our employees.
Compensation policies promote accountability and mitigate incentive risks. For example:
•We place caps on incentive payouts – Our annual incentive and performance share awards are designed to pay out at a maximum of 190% and 150% of target respectively.
•Our Recoupment Policy provides that, after an accounting restatement, Otter Tail Corporation will attempt to recoup amounts paid to current and former executive officers under incentive plans during the prior three years if those amounts would not have been paid based on the restated financial statements.
•Stock ownership ensures executives’ long-term interest in the Corporation. We require all of our executive officers to own a meaningful amount of Otter Tail Corporation stock, as described under “Stock Ownership Guidelines.”
MARKET CONDITIONS AND PEER GROUP
The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee retains a compensation consultant to provide market-based compensation data in connection with its consideration of the compensation of the executive officers. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee has retained WTW as its compensation consultant to assess the competitiveness of the compensation provided to executive officers of Otter Tail Corporation taking into consideration current market conditions.
The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee, with WTW assistance, uses this market-based compensation data to compare the compensation provided to the executive officers in the areas of total remuneration, annual incentive and long-term incentive. This information is also used in evaluating other components of executive compensation and practices, including incentive metrics, stock ownership guidelines and compensation policy matters. The analysis compares both the structure of compensation and the amount of compensation provided to each of the executive officer positions.
The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee, in consultation with WTW, used data from the prior year’s study which included published survey data (including the 2020 Willis Towers Watson Energy Services Survey, the 2020Mercer Executive Survey – Energy Sector, the 2020 Mercer General Industry Survey and the 2020 Willis Towers Watson General Industry Survey) as the primary benchmark to evaluate 2022 executive compensation levels, with Peer Group data used as reference for validation of the survey data. WTW found that the compensation structure continues to be in-line with market practice.
WTW created a peer group of publicly traded utility, manufacturing and distribution companies of comparable size, heavily weighted to electric utilities to reflect the relative size of Otter Tail Corporation’s operating companies and taking into account other considerations that WTW deemed relevant such as geographic location (the “Peer Group”). The Peer Group is reviewed annually by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee and changes, if necessary, are made to it.
The 2022 Peer Group consisted of the following companies:

Company Name | SIC Code (Primary)
ALLETE, Inc. | 4931 Electric and other services combined
Apogee Enterprises, Inc. | 3231 Glass products made of purchased glass
Avista Corp. | 4931 Electric and other services combined
Black Hills Corporation | 4911 Electric services
Chart Industries, Inc. | 3443 Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
ESCO Technologies, Inc. | 3825 Instruments to measure electricity
Franklin Electric Co., Inc. | 3621 Motors and generators
Graco Inc. | 3561 Pumps & pumping equipment
IDACORP, Inc. | 4911 Electric services
MGE Energy Inc. | 4931 Electric and other services combined
Northwest Natural Holding Company | 4924 Natural gas distribution
Northwestern Corp. | 4931 Electric and other services combined
ONE Gas, Inc. | 4924 Natural gas distribution
PNM Resources, Inc. | 4911 Electric services
Portland General Electric Co. | 4911 Electric services
Tennant Company | 3580 Refrigeration & service industry machinery
Unitil Corp. | 4931 Electric and other services combined

There were no changes from the 2021 Peer Group.
In addition to market-based compensation data, the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee considers individual performance, historic compensation, internal equity and regional information. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee also received compensation recommendations from Mr. MacFarlane for Mr. Moug, Mr. Rogelstad, Mr. Abbott and Ms. Smestad. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee may, but is not required to, consider the recommendations.
The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee annually reviews its engagement with WTW and assesses WTW’s’ independence as a compensation consultant. In 2022, WTW provided services to Otter Tail Corporation totaling $462,807, of which $152,743 was for executive
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compensation consulting for the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee. Fees for other services totaled $310,064, which included Property & Casualty Insurance brokerage and Employee Compensation and Benefits consulting.
The decision to engage WTW for these other services was recommended by management, subject to the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee’s approval. According to WTW’s consulting independence protocols, the WTW personnel who provide the brokerage services operate separately and independently of the WTW advisers who perform executive compensation-related services. Those executive compensation advisers may not serve in broader relationship-management roles, and the compensation paid to those advisers is not directly tied to fees paid by Otter Tail Corporation. Upon review, the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee concluded that any potential conflicts of interest were mitigated by these protocols. In reaching this conclusion, the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee considered factors relevant to WTW’ independence from management, including the six factors set forth in the Nasdaq Listing Standards.
ELEMENTS OF EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Base Pay
Base pay is set with reference to the market for similar jobs in the utility and general industry sectors as determined by the survey data. An individual executive’s base pay also takes into consideration tenure, experience, skill set and individual performance.
Annual Cash Incentive
The Otter Tail Corporation Executive Annual Incentive Plan provides annual cash incentives to the executive officers for achieving annual performance targets for Otter Tail Corporation and its two platforms, the Electric Platform, and the Manufacturing Platform, depending on the executive officer’s position and responsibilities. The annual cash incentive is designed to place a significant portion of each executive officer’s annual cash compensation “at risk” depending upon the financial and workplace safety performance of Otter Tail Corporation for that year and on the executive officer’s individual performance. The financial targets are aligned with the annual budget approved by the Board of Directors. The target annual cash incentive for each executive officer is measured as a percentage of the annualized base amount paid to participants as of December 31, ranging from 50% to 100% of base pay. The target for annual cash incentive is set with reference to the market data for similar jobs in the utility and general industry sectors as determined by the published survey data, with Peer Group data used as reference for validation of the survey data.
The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee sets threshold and maximum performance levels in addition to the target performance levels for the financial measures to incent the executive officers to strive for the best possible performance in a difficult year and a maximum performance level to reward exceptional performance. The annual cash incentive for these financial measures is capped at 200% of target.
Bonuses paid to each of the Named Executive Officers are based in part upon the achievement of individual goals established at the beginning of the year, and individual performance as determined by the Chief Executive Officer, subject to approval by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee and ratification by the independent members of the Board of Directors, for each Named Executive Officer except for the Chief Executive Officer, whose bonus was determined using the same criteria by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee, subject to ratification by the independent members of the Board of Directors.
As noted above, the Executive Annual Incentive Plan includes a non-financial measure for workplace safety. One of Otter Tail Corporation’s five core values is safety. Otter Tail Corporation strives to provide safe workplaces and requires safe work practices throughout its businesses. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee believes that management’s commitment to workplace safety is critical to achieving Otter Tail Corporation’s goals regarding workplace safety. Safety is measured against the weighted average case rate for the industries in which Otter Tail Corporation and its subsidiaries operate. Subject to the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee discretion, the incentive for safety is paid if the weighted average composite case rate of Otter Tail Corporation and its subsidiaries for the year is less than the weighted average composite case rate for the past three years for the industries in which Otter Tail Corporation and its subsidiaries operate. The annual cash incentive for safety measures is capped at 100%.
2022 Outcomes
For 2022 the financial measures for the Executive Annual Incentive Plan were:
•Corporate Earnings per Share;
•Corporate Return on Equity;
•Electric Platform Net Income;
•Electric Platform Return on Equity; and
•Manufacturing Platform Net Income.
These are financial measures that Otter Tail Corporation uses to compare results of operations from period to period for compensation purposes. In determining whether a financial measure has been met for the year, actual performance for each measure on a U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) basis may be adjusted by the following items: (1) unusual, extraordinary or nonrecurring events; (2) changes in applicable accounting rules or principles or in the Corporation’s methods of accounting; (3) results of discontinued operations; (4) asset write downs; (5) litigation or claim judgments or settlements; (6) changes in tax law affecting reported results; (7) severance, contract termination and other costs related to exiting business activities; (8) acquisitions; (9) gains or losses from the disposition of businesses or assets; (10) gains or losses from the early extinguishment of debt; and (11) other publicly identified one-time items. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee may exercise discretion and decline to make an adjustment for one or more of these items whether the exercise of that discretion reduces or increases the payout. In 2022, there were no adjustments to GAAP results for purposes of determining awards under the Executive Annual Incentive Plan.
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The following tables show a breakdown of financial, workplace safety and individual performance goals for each Named Executive Officer’s annual cash incentive for 2022, actual performance against each goal and actual payout for each goal as a percentage of target. Amounts of actual payouts may be found in the Summary Compensation Table, under the heading “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation.”

| Target Award as % of Salary | Weighting |
| Corporate EPS 1 | Corporate ROE 2 | Electric NI 3 | Electric ROE 4 | Manuf. NI 5 | Ind. Perf. 6 | Safety 7
Executive | Corporate | Electric | Manuf.
Charles S. MacFarlane | 100 | % | 40 | % | 40 | % |  |  |  | 10 | % | 10 | % |  |
Kevin G. Moug | 55 | % | 40 | % | 40 | % |  |  |  | 10 | % | 10 | % |  |
Timothy J. Rogelstad | 60 | % | 20 | % |  | 25 | % | 25 | % |  | 20 | % |  | 10 | % |
John S. Abbott | 60 | % | 30 | % |  |  |  | 40 | % | 20 | % |  |  | 10 | %
Jennifer O. Smestad | 50 | % | 35 | % | 35 | % |  |  |  | 20 | % | 10 | % |  |

| Performance Goals vs. Actual Performance | Ind. Perf. Payout 6 | Safety Goals 7 vs. Actual Performance (Payout 0% or 100%)
Performance Levels | Payout Range as % of Target | Corporate EPS 1 | Corporate ROE 2 | Electric NI 3 | Electric ROE 4 | Manuf. NI 5 | Corporate | Electric | Manuf.
Maximum | 200 | % | $4.23 | 16.50 | % | $82,000 | 10.00 | % | $115,000 | 200 | % | 2.4 | 1.38 |  | 3.3 |
Target | 100 | % | $3.93 | 14.50 | % | $77,000 | 9.00 | % | $95,000 | 100 | % | 2.4 | 1.38 |  | 3.3 |
Threshold | 50 | % | $3.63 | 12.50 | % | $72,000 | 8.00 | % | $75,000 | — | % | 2.4 | 1.38 |  | 3.3 |
2022 Actual |  | $6.78 | 25.57 | % | $79,974 | 9.20 | % | $216,324 | 182 | % | 2.1 | 1.62 |  | 2.3 |
2022 Actual Payout as % of Target |  | 200 | % | 200 | % | 159 | % | 120 | % | 200 | % | 182 | % | 100 | % | — | % | 100 | %

(1)Corporate Earnings Per Share. A weighted percentage of each Named Executive Officer’s annual cash incentive depends on Corporate Earnings Per Share. Each Named Executive Officer receives the target payout if Otter Tail Corporation achieves the targeted Corporate Earnings Per Share. The target award amount is reduced incrementally for performance below the target to the threshold and increased incrementally for performance above the target to the maximum. The Corporate Earnings Per Share exceeded the maximum level in 2022. Payout was at 200% of target.
(2)Corporate Return on Equity. A weighted percentage of the annual cash incentive for Mr. MacFarlane, Mr. Moug and Ms. Smestad depends on Corporate Return on Equity. They receive the target payout if Otter Tail Corporation achieves the targeted Corporate Return on Equity. The target award amount is reduced for performance below the target and increased for performance above the target. The Corporate Return on Equity exceeded the maximum level in 2022. Payout was 200% of target.
(3)Electric Platform Net Income. A weighted percentage of the annual cash incentive for Mr. Rogelstad depends on Electric Platform Net Income. He receives the target payout if the Electric Platform achieves its targeted Net Income. The target award amount is reduced for performance below target and increased for performance above the target. The Electric Platform Net Income exceeded the target level in 2022. Payout was 159% of target.
(4)Electric Platform Return on Equity. A weighted percentage of the annual cash incentive for Mr. Rogelstad depends on Electric Platform Return on Equity. He receives the target payout if the Electric Platform achieves its targeted Return on Equity. The target award amount is reduced for performance below target and increased for performance above the target. The Electric Platform Return on Equity exceeded the target level for 2022. Payout was 120% of target.
(5)Manufacturing Platform Net Income. A weighted percentage of the annual cash incentive for Mr. Abbott depends on Manufacturing Platform Net Income. He receives the target payout if the Manufacturing Platform achieves its targeted Net Income. The target award amount is reduced for performance below target and increased for performance above the target. The Manufacturing Platform Net Income exceeded the maximum level for 2022. Payout was 200% of target.
(6)Individual Performance. Each Named Executive Officer receives a weighted percentage of the annual cash incentive based upon individual performance. The actual amount of the award will be determined by the Chief Executive Officer, who may award up to 200% of the target amount, and the award is subject to approval by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee and ratification by the independent members of the Board of Directors. The Chief Executive Officer’s individual performance award is determined by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee, subject to ratification by the independent members of the Board of Directors. Payout based on individual performance averaged 182% of target for the Named Executive Officers in 2022.
(7)Safety Incentive. Each Named Executive Officer receives 10% of the total target payout if Otter Tail Corporation (Mr. MacFarlane, Mr. Moug and Ms. Smestad), the Electric Platform (Mr. Rogelstad) and the Manufacturing Platform (Mr. Abbott) achieve their respective targets for workplace safety. The safety target was met by Corporate and the Manufacturing Platforms in 2022 and payout was at 100% of target. The Electric Platform did not achieve their target and did not receive a payout.
Long-Term Incentives
Long-term incentive compensation for executive officers consists of performance share awards and restricted stock unit awards granted by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee under the Otter Tail Corporation 2014 Stock Incentive Plan.
The performance share awards are designed to tie the long-term incentives for the executive officers to Otter Tail Corporation stock performance and to further align the interests of the executive officers with shareholders.
•50% of performance shares awarded to the Named Executive Officers vest based on Otter Tail Corporation’s relative total shareholder return as compared to the total shareholder return (“TSR”) of companies in the Edison Electric Institute Index (“EEI Index”) for the three-year period beginning on the first day of the year in which the grant is awarded. The EEI Index is chosen because it is the sector that
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includes Otter Tail Corporation common shares. Total shareholder return (for both Otter Tail Corporation and the Peer Group) is determined by comparing the stock price appreciation plus the value of dividends reinvested over the three-year period. There were 39 U.S. members in the index as of December 31, 2022.
•50% of performance shares awarded to the Named Executive Officers vest based on achieving targets for three-year adjusted Return on Equity (“ROE”). For 2022, there was no adjustment to ROE made for calculation of performance share outcomes. If there is a year for which an adjustment to ROE is made, then, for purposes of calculation, three-year adjusted ROE is a non-GAAP measure which is equal to the average of adjusted ROE for each of the three years in the performance period. For each of those three years, adjusted ROE is equal to Otter Tail Corporation’s adjusted earnings divided by the 13-month average of total outstanding common equity using the 13 months at the end of the fiscal year. Adjustments to earnings may include: (1) unusual, extraordinary or nonrecurring events; (2) changes in applicable accounting rules or principles or in the Corporation’s methods of accounting; (3) results of discontinued operations; (4) asset write downs; (5) litigation or claim judgments or settlements; (6) changes in tax law affecting reported results; (7) severance, contract termination and other costs related to exiting business activities; (8) acquisitions; (9) gains or losses from the disposition of businesses or assets; (10) gains or losses from the early extinguishment of debt; and (11) other publicly identified one-time items. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee may exercise discretion and decline to make an adjustment for one or more of these items whether the exercise of that discretion reduces or increases the payout.
In both cases, the number of shares vested increases linearly if the target is exceeded and decreases linearly for performance below target but above threshold.
The restricted stock unit awards are also designed to align the interest of the executive officers with that of shareholders. They do so by rewarding continuity of service of the executive officers since the restricted stock unit awards vest ratably over a period of four years, and unvested restricted stock units are forfeited upon certain voluntary termination events. In addition, the value of shares awarded increases or decreases with the return provided to shareholders through stock price appreciation.
In 2022, the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee set targeted amounts for long-term incentive awards with reference to the market data for similar jobs in the utility and general industry sectors as determined by the published survey data, with Peer Group data used as reference for validation of the survey data.
•For performance shares, the target number of shares for each executive officer was calculated in part by dividing the targeted value delivered for each executive officer, which is determined using a market-based compensation analysis, by an indicative grant-date fair value based on a Monte-Carlo simulation model and on the present value of the return-on-equity component (excluding dividends). This blended rate was $56.43.
•For restricted stock units, the number of shares actually awarded to each executive officer was calculated by dividing the targeted value delivered for each executive officer, which is determined using a market-based compensation analysis, by the average closing per share price of Otter Tail Corporation common shares during the 20 trading days following January 1, 2022, which was determined to be $64.52.
2022 Long-Term Incentive Awards - Performance Share Grants
The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee approved, and the independent members of the Board of Directors ratified, the grants of performance shares on February 7, 2022. The performance shares are presented in the Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table. The three-year performance period for these awards is from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2024. The actual payment of common shares may range from 0% to 150% of the target amount and will be paid in 2025.

2022 Long-Term Incentive Award – TSR | <Threshold | Threshold | Target | Maximum
Performance Goal - | Three-Year TSR performance relative to peer group | <25th percentile | 25th percentile | 50th percentile | 75th percentile or greater
Payment Levels - | % of target shares | 0% | 25% | 50% | 75%

2022 Long-Term Incentive Award – Adjusted ROE | <Threshold | Threshold | Target | Maximum
Performance Goal - | Three-Year Adjusted ROE | <10.50% | 10.50% | 12.5% | 14.00%
Payment Levels - | % of target shares | 0% | 25% | 50% | 75%

For 50% of the performance shares granted, the target amount will be paid if the total shareholder return for Otter Tail Corporation is at the 50 th percentile of the total shareholder returns of the companies that comprise the EEI Index over the three-year period or if the executive retires (Mr. Moug only). The threshold performance level is set at the 25 th percentile of the total shareholder return and the maximum performance level is set at the 75 th percentile of the total shareholder return. Payment is capped at the target amount should total shareholder return be negative.
Otter Tail Corporation believes the target is appropriate as it indicates performance consistent with the sector over the three-year performance period. Stronger-than-sector performance is awarded with additional shares. Weaker-than-sector performance is penalized, with the executive officers receiving fewer or no shares. The performance shares, to the extent they become payable, are paid in common shares of Otter Tail Corporation.
Whether the remaining 50% of the performance shares granted become payable will be based upon the three-year adjusted ROE of Otter Tail Corporation as compared to the established target. The target is established by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee based on an evaluation of prior years’ annual adjusted ROE, Otter Tail Power Company authorized return on equity and EEI Index and regional peer
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utility return on equity history and trend. The actual payment of common shares may range from 0% to 150% of the target amount and will be paid in 2024. The target amount will be paid if the three-year adjusted ROE for Otter Tail Corporation is at the target performance (12.50%) or if the executive retires (Mr. Moug only). The threshold performance level is set at 10.50% and the maximum performance level is set at 14.00%. Otter Tail Corporation believes the target is appropriate as it indicates performance that is above the median return on equity performance in our industry. Stronger-than-target performance is rewarded with additional shares. Weaker-than-target performance is penalized with the executive officers receiving fewer or no shares. The performance shares, to the extent they become payable, are paid in common shares of Otter Tail Corporation.
2020-2022 Performance Shares
The table below summarizes the goals for three-year TSR, and three-year adjusted ROE, established for the performance shares granted in 2020, with a performance period from January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022, and the combined payout. Three-year TSR relative to peers exceeded the maximum performance level, with the Corporation’s three-year TSR of 21.93% at the 84th percentile of the EEI peer group, whose median three-year TSR was 4.85%. Three-year ROE was 18.79% which was above the maximum and the resulting combined payout was at the maximum. There was no adjustment to ROE made for calculation of performance share outcomes.

Three-Year TSR - Percentile Rank vs. EEI Index |  | Three-Year Adjusted ROE |  | Combined % Payout
Threshold | 25.00 | % |  | Threshold | 8.75 | % |  |
Target | 50.00 | % |  | Target | 10.25 | % |  |
Maximum | 75.00 | % |  | Maximum | 11.25 | % |  |
Actual | 84.21 | % |  | Actual | 18.79 | % |  |
% Weighting for 2020-2022 Award | 50.00 | % |  | % Weighting for 2020-2022 Award | 50.00 | % |  |
Weighted Payout % | 75.00 | % |  | Weighted Payout % | 75.00 | % |  | 150.00 | %

2022 Long-Term Incentive Awards - Restricted Stock Unit Grants
The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee approved, and the independent members of the Board of Directors ratified, the grants of restricted stock units on February 7, 2022. The restricted stock units are presented in the Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table. The units vest at a rate of 25% per year over a four-year period with the first quarter vesting on February 7, 2023, and the remaining quarters on the same date in 2024, 2025 and 2026. They vest in full upon retirement except that, if Mr. MacFarlane, Mr. Rogelstad, Mr. Abbott or Ms. Smestad retires on or before June 30 of the calendar year that includes the grant date, the shares vested will be prorated according to the number of months worked in the year of grant divided by 12. Following the grant date, the executive officers receive cash payments equal to the amount of cash dividends that would have been paid if shares had been issued instead of restricted stock units, subject to forfeiture in certain circumstances.
Other Benefits
The executive officers receive health, dental, life, PTO and other traditional benefits identical to or consistent with the non-executive employees of Otter Tail Corporation. Periodic executive physicals are required of executive officers and are funded by the Corporation, with related expenses reimbursed.
Retirement Income and Deferred Compensation
Otter Tail Corporation believes that long-term service by its executive officers has been fundamental to its success. Accordingly, Otter Tail Corporation provides executive officers security in retirement through its pension and supplemental retirement plans. The Named Executive Officers, except for Mr. Abbott, participate in the plans related to retirement income. Retirement benefits for Mr. Abbott and Ms. Smestad are described separately below.
Retirement income is provided to certain executive officers through the Otter Tail Corporation Pension Plan (“Pension Plan”) and non-qualified Executive Survivor and Supplemental Retirement Plan (“ESSRP”). Combined, these plans deliver a defined pension benefit that increases with years of service and compensation. A further description of the benefits under these plans is in the narrative description to the Pension Benefits Table.
Mr. MacFarlane, Mr. Rogelstad, Mr. Abbott and Ms. Smestad participate in the Executive Restoration Plus Plan (“ERPP”), which was adopted in 2012 for executive officers and certain others who are no longer eligible to participate in the Pension Plan or the ESSRP. Subject to its annual discretion, Otter Tail Corporation will contribute a sum equal to 6.5% of annual compensation for the plan year in excess of Internal Revenue Code Section 401(a)(17) compensation limit in effect for that year plus 3% of annual compensation to retirement accounts for Mr. MacFarlane, Mr. Rogelstad, Mr. Abbott and Ms. Smestad, provided they each are employed on the last day of the plan year. Annual Compensation is comprised of earnings (base and annual incentive compensation) as reflected on Internal Revenue Service Form W-2, including elective contributions to a qualified or non-qualified retirement plan or cafeteria plan. Contributions will be made for partial years when they retire. Mr. MacFarlane and Mr. Rogelstad also receive a special contribution to offset compensation loss resulting from freezing the ESSRP in 2019, described further below. A further description of the benefits under the ERPP is found later in this section. Investment options for ERPP contributions and 2022 rates of return are as follows:
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Investment Options | 2022 Rate of Return |  | Investment Options | 2022 Rate of Return
Invesco Stable Return | 1.67 | % |  | Legal & General MSCI AC World ex USA CIT | (15.84 | %)
Metropolitan West Total Total Return Bond Plan | (14.69 | %) |  | SSGA Target Retirement Income K | (11.06 | %)
PIMCO All Asset Instl | (11.53 | %) |  | SSGA Target Retirement 2020 K | (12.25 | %)
Fidelity US Bond Index | (13.03 | %) |  | SSGA Target Retirement 2025 K | (14.92 | %)
JPMorgan Large Cap Growth R6 | (25.21 | %) |  | SSGA Target Retirement 2030 K | (17.07 | %)
Oakmark Fund Investor | (13.36 | %) |  | SSGA Target Retirement 2035 K | (17.93 | %)
Legal & General S&P 500 CIT | (18.12 | %) |  | SSGA Target Retirement 2040 K | (18.44 | %)
Fidelity Mid Cap Index | (17.28 | %) |  | SSGA Target Retirement 2045 K | (18.83 | %)
JPMorgan Small Cap Growth R6 | (32.13 | %) |  | SSGA Target Retirement 2050 K | (19.15 | %)
Fidelity Small Cap Index | (20.27 | %) |  | SSGA Target Retirement 2055 K | (19.14 | %)
Goldman Sachs Small Cap Value Instl | (14.75 | %) |  | SSGA Target Retirement 2060 K | (19.13 | %)
Dodge & Cox Int’l Stock | (6.78 | %) |  | SSGA Target Retirement 2065 K | (19.13 | %)
Vanguard International Growth | (30.79 | %) |  |  |

In December 2019, the Board amended and restated the ESSRP, freezing participation in and benefit accruals under the restoration benefit component of the ESSRP as of December 31, 2019 for all participants except Mr. Moug, who is a grandfathered participant. To offset the resulting retirement compensation loss, Mr. MacFarlane and Mr. Rogelstad began participating in the ERPP in 2020, and a special employer contribution is made annually to Mr. MacFarlane and Mr. Rogelstad’s ERPP accounts until they retire, or reach age 62, whichever comes first. The ESSRP freeze and the special employer contributions are described under “Pension, ESSRP and ERPP Plans.”.
Mr. Moug may elect to participate in a non-qualified deferred compensation plan (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”). The Deferred Compensation Plan offers a relatively low cost, competitive benefit consistent with plans offered by other employers. Participation in the Deferred Compensation Plan is limited to the executive officers of Otter Tail Corporation, other than officers who may defer compensation under the ERPP, and certain other employees of Otter Tail Corporation and its subsidiaries. Under the Deferred Compensation Plan, participants may defer up to 50% of their base pay and 100% of their annual cash incentive compensation. The amounts deferred are segregated into one or more accounts chosen by the participant and earn a return based on the performance of the investment option chosen by the participant. Each participant is solely at risk for investment returns. Investment options for the Deferred Compensation Plan and 2022 rates of return are as follows:

Investment Options | 2022 Rate of Return
Select Bond | (13.33 | %)
Large Cap Core Stock | (18.88 | %)
Growth Stock | (38.70 | %)
Index 500 Stock | (18.28 | %)
MidCap Growth Stock | (23.77 | %)
International Equity | (6.83 | %)

Deferred contributions are made pre-tax. There are no Otter Tail Corporation contributions to the Deferred Compensation Plan for executive officers.
Otter Tail Corporation also provides a 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan in which the employees of Otter Tail Corporation, including the Named Executive Officers, may participate. The plan permits all employees to set aside a portion of their income into the 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan and Otter Tail Corporation matches 50% of the first 5% set aside by an employee up to the statutory maximum. Employees hired after September 1, 2006, may be awarded an enhanced employer contribution. In 2022, that award was 4%. Otter Tail Power Company also awarded a one-time profit sharing contribution of 3% in 2022. The participation of the executive officers is on the same terms as other participants in the plan.
Severance Benefits
Otter Tail Corporation has entered into change-in-control severance agreements with each of the executive officers, which provide financial protection in the event of a change in control that disrupts the executive officer’s career. These agreements are designed to attract and retain high caliber executive officers, recognizing that change-in-control protections are commonly provided at comparable companies with which Otter Tail Corporation competes for executive talent. In addition, the change-in-control protections will enhance the impartiality and objectivity of the executive officers in the event of a change in control situation and better ensure that shareholder interests are protected. The protections contained in the change-in-control agreements provide for a “double trigger,” which means that there must be both a change in control and a termination of employment for the provisions to apply. A more complete description of the change-in-control agreements may be found under “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.”
Otter Tail Corporation also provides severance benefits to executive officers upon termination from employment under certain circumstances not involving a change in control pursuant to employment agreements or, in lieu of such agreements, an Executive Severance Plan adopted in February 2015. The employment agreements and the Executive Severance Plan are more fully described under “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control.”
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION POLICIES
Stock Ownership Guidelines
Otter Tail Corporation has established stock ownership guidelines to ensure that the executive officers remain focused on long-term shareholder value. The stock ownership guidelines provide that an executive’s minimum stock ownership requirement is based on the value of the executive’s holdings as a multiple of the executive’s base salary. The stock ownership guidelines are as follows: Mr. MacFarlane, five times base salary; Mr. Moug, Mr. Rogelstad and Mr. Abbott, two times base salary; and Ms. Smestad, one times base salary. For purposes of satisfying the ownership guidelines, unvested restricted stock units are included. Officers are given five years to meet the guidelines from the time they are subject to an initial or increased holding guideline. Additionally, each executive must hold 100% of shares received (net of tax) pursuant to stock awards until the applicable ownership guideline has been met. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee may grant waivers of the ownership or holding requirements in special circumstances. At the date of this Proxy Statement, all executive officers met the ownership guidelines.
Hedging and Pledging Policy
Our Board of Directors believes that the interests of our executive officers and Directors should be aligned with the interests of our shareholders. As a result, we have adopted a hedging policy that prohibits all executive officers and Directors from engaging in transactions that are designed to hedge or offset any decrease in the market value of Otter Tail Corporation’s securities, including short sales of Otter Tail Corporation’s securities; transaction inputs, calls or other derivative securities; and hedging and monetization transactions, such as zero-cost dollars and forward sale contracts. They are also prohibited from pledging these securities as collateral for a loan.
Recoupment Policy
Our Recoupment Policy provides that, after an accounting restatement, Otter Tail Corporation will attempt to recoup amounts paid to current and former executive officers under incentive plans during the prior three years if those amounts would not have been paid based on the restated financial statements. In October 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission adopted final rules that will require listed companies to implement certain recoupment policies for erroneously awarded incentive compensation. We expect to update our Recoupment Policy once the applicable Nasdaq listing standards become effective.
Deductibility of Executive Compensation
Section 162(m) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (“Section 162(m)”) imposes a $1,000,000 annual deduction limit on compensation payable to certain current and former executive officers. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee intends to pay competitive compensation consistent with our philosophy to attract, retain and motivate executive officers to manage our businesses in the best interests of Otter Tail Corporation and its shareholders. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee, therefore, may choose to provide non-deductible compensation to our executive officers if it deems such compensation to be in the best interests of Otter Tail Corporation and its shareholders.
Compensation Policies and Risk
Otter Tail Corporation believes that its compensation policies and practices for its employees are such that they do not create risk that is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on Otter Tail Corporation. As described in this Proxy Statement, the Named Executive Officers of Otter Tail Corporation are paid two forms of incentive compensation. Annual incentives are measured against corporate earnings per share, corporate ROE, platform net income, platform ROE, workplace safety and individual performance. These financial and safety measures are transparent, subject to review and the Recoupment Policy, and can be verified by audit. Only a portion of annual incentive, individual performance, is discretionary. Otter Tail Corporation’s long-term incentives are based upon total shareholder return and three-year adjusted ROE and are transparent and subject to review and the Recoupment Policy. Otter Tail Corporation believes there is little room for manipulation and a relatively low level of risk. To the extent that incentive compensation is used for other employees at Otter Tail Corporation, consistent practices are followed. Otter Tail Corporation’s employee compensation policies and practices, including those that apply to our executive officers, were reviewed and discussed first by the executive team, including its Vice President of Human Resources, and then by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee and the Board of Directors.
REPORT OF COMPENSATION AND HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
For purposes of this report, the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee of Otter Tail Corporation’s Board of Directors is composed of four independent Directors as defined by the Nasdaq Listing Standards and operates under a written charter adopted by the Board of Directors. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee reviewed and discussed with management the foregoing CD&A. Based upon that review and discussion with management and its independent review of the CD&A, the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee has recommended to the Board of Directors that the CD&A be included in this Proxy Statement and incorporated by reference into Otter Tail Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC.
James B. Stake, Chair
Kathryn O. Johnson
Thomas J. Webb
Michael E. LeBeau
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following tables and accompanying narrative disclosure and footnotes should be read in conjunction with the CD&A, which sets forth the objectives of Otter Tail Corporation’s executive compensation and benefit program.
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
The table below contains information about compensation for the last three fiscal years paid to the Named Executive Officers, who include individuals who served as Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer during 2022 and each of the other three most highly compensated executive officers who were serving as executive officers at the end of 2022.

Name & Principal Position | Year | Salary ($)1 | Bonus ($)2 | Stock Awards ($)3 | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($)4 | Change in Pension Value & Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($)5 | All Other Compensation ($)6 | Total ($)
Charles S. MacFarlane President and Chief Executive Officer | 2022 | 775,000 |  | 147,252 |  | 2,130,247 |  | 1,317,500 |  | — |  | 689,579 |  | 5,059,578 |
2021 | 750,000 |  | 142,500 |  | 1,998,568 |  | 1,275,000 |  | — |  | 566,183 |  | 4,732,251 |
2020 | 679,688 |  | 119,625 |  | 1,732,446 |  | 939,303 |  | 1,160,611 |  | 494,370 |  | 5,126,043 |
Kevin G. Moug Sr. Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | 2022 | 500,000 |  | 44,002 |  | 544,272 |  | 467,500 |  | — |  | 9,541 |  | 1,565,315 |
2021 | 485,000 |  | 42,680 |  | 544,101 |  | 453,475 |  | 547,238 |  | 8,917 |  | 2,081,411 |
2020 | 471,000 |  | 37,562 |  | 505,214 |  | 335,623 |  | 477,782 |  | 7,806 |  | 1,834,987 |
Timothy J. Rogelstad Sr. Vice President, Electric Platform; President, Otter Tail Power Company | 2022 | 417,000 |  | 100,082 |  | 389,414 |  | 274,856 |  | — |  | 182,459 |  | 1,363,811 |
2021 | 405,000 |  | 89,919 |  | 399,714 |  | 165,585 |  | — |  | 98,900 |  | 1,159,118 |
2020 | 378,263 |  | 74,670 |  | 350,257 |  | 146,670 |  | 734,882 |  | 92,311 |  | 1,777,053 |
John S. Abbott Sr. Vice President, Manufacturing Platform; President, Varistar Corporation | 2022 | 409,000 |  | 93,254 |  | 389,414 |  | 368,100 |  | — |  | 82,007 |  | 1,341,775 |
2021 | 397,000 |  | 87,340 |  | 399,714 |  | 327,525 |  | — |  | 73,340 |  | 1,284,919 |
2020 | 370,674 |  | 69,878 |  | 350,257 |  | 277,011 |  | — |  | 57,584 |  | 1,125,404 |
Jennifer O. Smestad Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary | 2022 | 382,000 |  | 66,852 |  | 272,441 |  | 286,500 |  | — |  | 62,275 |  | 1,070,068 |
2021 | 371,000 |  | 64,925 |  | 279,376 |  | 278,250 |  | 78,423 |  | 49,941 |  | 1,121,915 |
2020 | 360,000 |  | 57,600 |  | 262,693 |  | 206,305 |  | 315,674 |  | 96,729 |  | 1,299,001 |

(1)Amounts shown in 2020 represent base pay received following a voluntary temporary pay reduction in response to anticipated economic effects of the spread of COVID-19. For a three-month period, base pay was reduced by 25% (in May, June and July 2020) for Mr. MacFarlane and 15% for each of Mr. Moug, Mr. Rogelstad, Mr. Abbott and Ms. Smestad. Each Named Executive Officer could elect to replace lost earnings with previously earned PTO, which is included in amounts shown. Excluding the temporary base pay reduction, annual base pay rates for each executive effective January 1, 2020 were $725,000 (Mr. MacFarlane), $471,000 (Mr. Moug), $393,000 (Mr. Rogelstad), $385,000 (Mr. Abbott) and $360,000 (Ms. Smestad).
(2)In each year bonuses paid to each of the Named Executive Officers were based in part upon the achievement of individual goals established at the beginning of the year, and individual performance as determined by the Chief Executive Officer, subject to approval by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee and ratification by the independent members of the Board of Directors, for each Named Executive Officer except for the Chief Executive Officer, whose bonus was determined using the same criteria by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee, subject to ratification by the independent members of the Board of Directors.
(3)Amounts shown reflect the aggregate grant date fair value of awarded performance shares (at target) and restricted stock units as computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 and using the same assumptions as are described in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Otter Tail Corporation for 2022. The value of a maximum payout of 2022 performance shares at the grant date would be $2,394,492 for Mr. MacFarlane; $632,298 for Mr. Moug; $436,833 for Mr. Rogelstad and Mr. Abbott; and $307,401 for Ms. Smestad.
(4)Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation represents awards earned for achieving individual financial and safety performance goals under the Executive Annual Incentive Plan. See the CD&A for a more detailed description.
(5)This column represents the change in pension value, which includes the Pension Plan and ESSRP, and was determined using the same assumptions as are described at Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Otter Tail Corporation for each of 2022, 2021 and 2020. In 2021, the change in discount rates resulted in a decrease in value for Mr. MacFarlane of $77,229 and $58,102 for Mr. Rogelstad. In 2022, the change in discount rates resulted in a decrease in value for Mr. MacFarlane of $2,061,057; $1,377,454 for Mr. Moug, $366,161 for Ms. Smestad, and $1,332,140 for Mr. Rogelstad. Negative values are not reported in the table. Mr. Moug’s ESSRP restoration formula is now greater than his supplemental formula and is used in his benefit calculation. Mr. Abbott is not eligible to participate in the Pension Plan. All defined contribution plans are excluded from the calculation.
(6)Amounts reflected in All Other Compensation for 2022 consist of (i) amounts contributed by Otter Tail Corporation under the Otter Tail Corporation 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan for 2022 as follows: Mr. MacFarlane, $7,625; Mr. Moug, $7,625; Mr. Rogelstad, $16,775; Mr. Abbott, $19,825; and Ms. Smestad, $7,625; (ii) the amount of Otter Tail Corporation’s contribution under the Employee Stock Ownership Plan for 2022 which was invested in common shares for the account of Mr. Rogelstad, $1,284; (iii) years of service gift cards and gift cards, which were provided to all employees at year-end as follows: Mr. Moug, $1,021; Mr. Abbott, $1,103; Mr. Rogelstad, 2,882; and Ms. Smestad, $865 and (iv) payments for costs associated with executive physicals as follows: Mr. Moug,$895; Mr. MacFarlane, $2,371, Ms. Smestad, $4,719, and Mr. Abbott, $2,637; and (v) amounts contributed to the ERPP as follows: Mr. MacFarlane, $679,583 with $491,120 being a contribution to offset benefits lost when the ESSRP was frozen; Mr. Rogelstad, $161,518, with $52,455 being a contribution to offset benefits lost when the ESSRP was frozen, and $65,000 being a one-time contribution for performance in 2022; Mr. Abbott, $58,442; and Ms. Smestad, $49,067.
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PAY VERSUS PERFORMANCE
This section should be read in conjunction with the CD&A, which includes additional discussion of the objectives of Otter Tail Corporation’s executive compensation and benefit program and how they are aligned with the company’s financial and operational performance.
PAY VERSUS PERFORMANCE
Included in the table below is the annual compensation paid to our executives and our financial performance for each of the three previous fiscal years.

Year | Summary Compensation Table Total for Principal Executive Officer ($)1 | Compensation Actually Paid to Principal Executive Officer ($) | Average Summary Compensation Table Total for Other Named Executive Officers ($)2 | Average Compensation Actually Paid to Other Named Executive Officers ($) | Value of Initial Fixed $100 Investment Based on: | Net Income ($) | Return on Equity (%)4
Total Shareholder Return ($) | Peer Group Total Shareholder Return ($)3
2022 | 5,059,578 |  | 3,901,918 |  | 1,335,242 |  | 1,173,964 |  | 125.37 |  | 119.84 |  | 284,184,000 |  | 25.6 |
2021 | 4,732,251 |  | 10,379,498 |  | 1,411,841 |  | 2,455,319 |  | 147.06 |  | 118.27 |  | 176,769,000 |  | 19.2 |
2020 | 5,126,043 |  | 3,683,218 |  | 1,509,111 |  | 1,088,309 |  | 85.52 |  | 97.30 |  | 95,851,000 |  | 11.6 |

(1)For the years 2022, 2021, and 2020, this is the total compensation, as depicted in the Summary Compensation Table above, for CEO Mr. MacFarlane, our Principal Executive Officer.
(2)For the years 2022, 2021, and 2020, this is the average total compensation, as depicted in the Summary Compensation Table above, for the following executives, Mr. Moug, Sr. Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; Mr. Rogelstad, Sr. Vice President, Electric Platform, President, Electric Platform; Mr. Abbott, Sr. Vice President, Manufacturing Platform, President, Varistar Corporation; and Ms. Smestad, Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary.
(3) Our total shareholder return assumes the investment of $100 in our common stock on the last trading day before the earliest fiscal year in the above table through and including the end of the fiscal year for which total shareholder return is depicted, and reinvestment of all dividends during such period. Peer group total shareholder return is based on the weighted-average TSR of the 38 companies included in the EEI Index, excluding Otter Tail Corporation, weighted on the basis of market capitalization at the beginning of each period.
(4) Return on equity is equal to Otter Tail Corporation’s annual net income divided by the 13-month average of total outstanding common equity using the 13 months ending at the end of the fiscal year.
To calculate compensation actually paid (“CAP”) to the Chief Executive Officer and the average CAP to the other Named Executive Officers, the following amounts were deducted from and added to total compensation, as depicted in the Summary Compensation Table:

| Summary Compensation Total ($) |  | Deductions |  | Additions |  | Compensation Actually Paid ($)
Year |  | Amounts Reported in the Summary Compensation Table for Stock Awards ($) | Aggregate Change in Value of Accumulated Benefits Under Pension Plan and ESSRP ($) |  | Value of Service Cost Attributable to the Executive Under the Pension Plan and ESSRP ($) | Value of Stock Awards Granted During the Year, Outstanding and Unvested at Year-End ($) | Change in Value of Stock Awards Granted in Any Prior Year, Outstanding and Unvested at Year-End ($) | Value of Stock Awards Granted and Vested in the Same Year ($) | Change in Value of Stock Awards Granted in Any Prior Year, Vested During the Year ($) |
Principal Executive Officer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2022 | 5,059,578 |  |  | (2,130,247) |  | — |  |  | 66,755 |  | 1,830,242 |  | (1,061,510) |  | 533,919 |  | (396,819) |  |  | 3,901,918 |
2021 | 4,732,251 |  |  | (1,998,568) |  | — |  |  | 66,495 |  | 3,860,900 |  | 3,235,686 |  | 486,968 |  | (4,234) |  |  | 10,379,498 |
2020 | 5,126,043 |  |  | (1,732,446) |  | (1,160,611) |  |  | 57,531 |  | 1,296,027 |  | (423,941) |  | 432,486 |  | 88,129 |  |  | 3,683,218 |
Average for Other NEOs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2022 | 1,335,242 |  |  | (398,885) |  | — |  |  | 80,489 |  | 362,964 |  | (184,592) |  | 79,781 |  | (101,035) |  |  | 1,173,964 |
2021 | 1,411,841 |  |  | (405,726) |  | (156,415) |  |  | 78,392 |  | 805,284 |  | 668,470 |  | 55,048 |  | (1,575) |  |  | 2,455,319 |
2020 | 1,509,111 |  |  | (367,105) |  | (382,085) |  |  | 75,439 |  | 321,641 |  | (120,294) |  | 29,734 |  | 21,868 |  |  | 1,088,309 |

The fair value of stock awards includes the value of both restricted stock unit awards and performance share awards. The measurement date fair value of restricted stock unit awards was determined based on the market price of the Company's common stock on the measurement date. The performance share awards include two separate components, i) a performance based component which is determined based on a ROE metric, and ii) a market based component which is determined based on a TSR metric. The measurement date fair value of the performance based component of the performance share awards was determined based upon the measurement date stock price and a discounted cash flow analysis to adjust for expected unearned dividends during the vesting period, taking into account the estimated number of shares to be granted relative to target. The measurement date fair value of the market based component of the performance share awards was determined using a Monte Carlo fair value simulation model incorporating the assumptions outlined below.
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Grant Year | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022
Measurement Date | 12/31/2019 |  | 12/31/2019 | 12/31/2020 |  | 12/31/2020 | 12/31/2021 |  | 12/31/2021 | 12/31/2022 |  | 12/31/2022
Risk-free interest rate | 1.59 | % |  | 1.58 | % | 0.10 | % |  | 0.13 | % | 0.39 | % |  | 0.73 | % | 4.73 | % |  | 4.41 | %
Expected term (in years) | 3.00 |  | 3.00 | 3.00 |  | 3.00 | 3.00 |  | 3.00 | 3.00 |  | 3.00
Expected volatility | 20.00 | % |  | 20.00 | % | 58.00 | % |  | 43.00 | % | 21.00 | % |  | 44.00 | % | 32.00 | % |  | 27.00 | %
Dividend yield | 2.70 | % |  | 2.70 | % | 3.40 | % |  | 3.40 | % | 3.20 | % |  | 3.20 | % | 2.50 | % |  | 2.50 | %

The measurement date assumptions outlined above are different from the assumptions utilized in determining the grant date fair value in some instances. The assumptions utilized in estimating the grant date fair value of the market based component of the performance share awards for awards granted in the years ending December 31, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022, are outlined below.

|  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022
Risk-free interest rate |  | 2.23 | % |  | 2.52 | % |  | 1.42 | % |  | 0.18 | % |  | 1.52 | %
Expected term (in years) |  | 3.00 |  | 3.00 |  | 3.00 |  | 3.00 |  | 3.00
Expected volatility |  | 22.00 | % |  | 21.00 | % |  | 19.00 | % |  | 32.00 | % |  | 32.00 | %
Dividend yield |  | 3.20 | % |  | 3.00 | % |  | 2.80 | % |  | 3.60 | % |  | 2.90 | %

COMPENSATION ACTUALLY PAID VERSUS COMPANY PERFORMANCE
The graph below depicts the relationship between each of financial performance measures in the pay versus performance table above and compensation actually paid (“CAP”) to our CEO and, on average, to our other Named Executive Officers (“NEOs”), for each the three years ended December 31, 2022.
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PERFORMANCE MEASURES
The performance measures which we believe are most important and are used in determining compensation paid to each of our named executive officers can vary by individual. Included in the table below are the most important performance measures used to link compensation actually paid to company performance, by executive officer, for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Named Executive Officer | Corporate Earnings Per Share(1) | Corporate Return on Equity(1) | Total Shareholder Return(2) | Electric Platform Return on Equity(1) | Electric Platform Net Income(1) | Manufacturing Platform Net Income(1) | Safety - Otter Tail Corporation(1) | Safety - Electric Platform(1) | Safety - Manufacturing Platform(1)
Charles S. MacFarlane | a | a | a |  |  |  | a |  |
Kevin G. Moug | a | a | a |  |  |  | a |  |
Timothy J. Rogelstad | a | a | a | a | a |  |  | a |
John S. Abbott | a | a | a |  |  | a |  |  | a
Jennifer O. Smestad | a | a | a |  |  |  | a |  |

(1)For a description of this performance measure, refer to the Elements of Executive Compensation section.
(2)For a description of this performance measure, refer to footnote (5) of the Pay Versus Performance Table.
TOTAL REALIZED PAY
Compensation “actually” paid, as described above, is defined by SEC rules and includes components not traditionally associated with realized pay. We will continue to present the following calculation of Named Executive Officers’ Total Realized Pay, which is the compensation actually received by the executive officers in a particular year, because we believe it is an important additional measure of total compensation. Information related to Total Realized Pay is meant to supplement, rather than to replace, the information found in the Summary Compensation Table and the above Pay versus Performance analysis. Total Realized Pay reflects the compensation actually received during the year, which can differ substantially from Total Compensation as presented in the Summary Compensation Table and the above Pay versus Performance analysis. For example, Total Compensation as presented in the Summary Compensation Table contains estimated values of performance shares that are based on multiple assumptions that may or may not be realized and can only be realized at the end of a three-year performance period. In addition, Total Compensation as presented in the Summary Compensation Table may show change in the actuarial present value of pension benefits, which are based on multiple assumptions and discount rates. Compensation “actually” paid, as described in the Pay versus Performance analysis, includes the fair value, and changes in fair value, of outstanding equity awards as of the end of each fiscal year, even if those outstanding awards do not vest in the year.
Otter Tail Corporation calculates Total Realized Pay as the sum of:
•Base salary paid during the year, as reported in the Summary Compensation Table;
•Annual incentive award received during the year;
•The value realized upon the vesting of long-term incentive awards, including cash paid in lieu of dividends on unvested restricted stock units; and
•Other compensation received during the year as reported in the Summary Compensation Table, excluding employer contributions to retirement benefit plans.
When calculating Total Realized Pay, Otter Tail Corporation excludes the following amounts that will not actually be received until a future date:
•Change in pension value as reported in the Summary Compensation Table because it is largely driven by accounting and valuation assumptions that do not reflect the compensation realized by the executive officer in a particular year;
•Employer contributions to retirement benefit plans, including the Otter Tail Corporation 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan, the Employee Stock Ownership Plan and the ERPP; and
•The value of long-term incentive awards that do not vest in that year.
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The following table compares Total Realized Pay for our Named Executive Officers employed as of December 31, 2022 to the total compensation amounts as presented in the Summary Compensation Table. As noted above, this table is not intended to be a substitute for the Summary Compensation Table:

Named Executive Officer | Year | Base Salary ($)1 | Bonus and Annual Incentive Awards Received ($)2 | Stock Compensation Received ($)3 | Other Compensation ($)4 | Total Realized Pay ($) | Total Realized Pay as % of Summary Compensation Table | Total Realized Pay as % of Compensation Actually Paid
Charles S. MacFarlane | 2022 | 775,000 |  | 1,417,500 |  | 3,105,905 |  | 2,371 |  | 5,300,775 |  | 105 | % | 136 | %
2021 | 750,000 |  | 1,058,928 |  | 1,505,393 |  | 735 |  | 3,315,056 |  | 70 | % | 32 | %
2020 | 679,688 |  | 905,800 |  | 2,113,792 |  | — |  | 3,699,280 |  | 72 | % | 100 | %
Kevin G. Moug | 2022 | 500,000 |  | 496,155 |  | 876,874 |  | 1,916 |  | 1,874,945 |  | 120 | % | 116 | %
2021 | 485,000 |  | 373,185 |  | 499,511 |  |  | 1,357,696 |  | 65 | % | 47 | %
2020 | 471,000 |  | 320,444 |  | 740,219 |  | 681 |  | 1,532,344 |  | 84 | % | 105 | %
Timothy J. Rogelstad | 2022 | 417,000 |  | 255,504 |  | 672,493 |  | 2,882 |  | 1,347,879 |  | 99 | % | 126 | %
2021 | 405,000 |  | 221,340 |  | 367,488 |  | — |  | 993,828 |  | 86 | % | 40 | %
2020 | 378,263 |  | 213,086 |  | 518,962 |  | — |  | 1,110,311 |  | 62 | % | 117 | %
John S. Abbott | 2022 | 409,000 |  | 414,865 |  | 672,493 |  | 3,740 |  | 1,500,098 |  | 112 | % | 138 | %
2021 | 397,000 |  | 346,889 |  | 369,571 |  | — |  | 1,113,460 |  | 87 | % | 46 | %
2020 | 370,674 |  | 229,406 |  | 560,734 |  | 576 |  | 1,161,390 |  | 103 | % | 115 | %
Jennifer O. Smestad | 2022 | 382,000 |  | 343,175 |  | 471,075 |  | 5,583 |  | 1,201,833 |  | 112 | % | 132 | %
2021 | 371,000 |  | 263,905 |  | 248,062 |  | — |  | 882,967 |  | 79 | % | 44 | %
2020 | 360,000 |  | 226,695 |  | 49,979 |  | 1,153 |  | 637,827 |  | 49 | % | 68 | %

(1)Base pay during the year, as reflected in the “Salary” column of the Summary Compensation Table.
(2)The total of bonuses and annual incentive awards received in the year.
(3)Value realized upon vesting of performance shares, restricted stock and restricted stock units during the year based on the fair market value of Otter Tail Corporation’s common shares at the time of vesting, as reported in the “Stock Vested Table” and cash paid in lieu of dividends on unvested restricted stock units.
(4)As reported in the “All Other Compensation” column of the Summary Compensation Table, excluding employer contributions to retirement benefit plans, which include the Otter Tail Corporation 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan, the Employee Stock Ownership Plan and the ERPP, as well as other amounts reported in that column.
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GRANTS OF PLAN-BASED AWARDS
The following table summarizes the 2022 grants of equity and non-equity awards to the Named Executive Officers.

|  | Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards 2 | Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards 3 | All Other Stock Awards: No. of Shares of Stock or Units (#)4 | Grant-Date Fair Value of Stock Awards ($)5
Name | Grant Date 1 | Threshold ($) | Target ($) | Maximum ($) | Threshold (#) | Target (#) | Maximum (#)
Charles S. MacFarlane | 01-Jan-22 | 426,250 | 775,000 | 1,472,500 |  |  |  |  |
07-Feb-22 |  |  |  | 14,800 | 29,600 | 44,400 |  | 1,596,328 |
07-Feb-22 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,700 | 533,919 |
Kevin G. Moug | 01-Jan-22 | 151,250 | 275,000 | 522,500 |  |  |  |  |
07-Feb-22 |  |  |  | 3,400 | 6,800 | 10,200 |  | 421,532 |
07-Feb-22 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,000 | 122,740 |
Timothy J. Rogelstad | 01-Jan-22 | 126,143 | 229,350 | 435,765 |  |  |  |  |
07-Feb-22 |  |  |  | 2,700 | 5,400 | 8,100 |  | 291,222 |
07-Feb-22 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,600 | 98,192 |
John S. Abbott | 01-Jan-22 | 123,723 | 224,950 | 427,405 |  |  |  |  |
07-Feb-22 |  |  |  | 2,700 | 5,400 | 8,100 |  | 291,222 |
07-Feb-22 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,600 | 98,192 |
Jennifer O. Smestad | 01-Jan-22 | 105,050 | 191,000 | 362,900 |  |  |  |  |
07-Feb-22 |  |  |  | 1,900 | 3,800 | 5,700 |  | 204,934 |
07-Feb-22 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,100 | 67,507 |

(1)The grant date of all awards is the effective date established by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee and ratified by the independent members of the Board of Directors when approving such awards.
(2)Represents awards granted effective January 1, 2022 under the Executive Annual Incentive Plan and described in the CD&A. The amount actually earned in 2022 is reported in part under “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” and in part under “Bonus” in the Summary Compensation Table.
(3)Represents grants of performance shares that vest dependent upon the three-year total shareholder return as compared to the total shareholder returns for the companies comprising the EEI Index (50%) and upon Otter Tail Corporation’s meeting a three-year target on adjusted ROE (50%). Holders of performance shares do not have any of the rights of a shareholder unless and until they receive common shares. The awards of performance shares are more fully described in the CD&A.
(4)Represents restricted stock units that vest ratably on February 7, 2023, February 7, 2024, February 7, 2025 and February 7, 2025 provided the Named Executive Officer is employed by Otter Tail Corporation on those dates. The Named Executive Officers do not have voting rights in the restricted units and receive cash payments equal to the amount of cash dividends that would have been paid on the shares covered by restricted stock units, subject to forfeiture in certain circumstances. The awards of performance shares are more fully described in the CD&A.
(5)The amounts shown represent the grant-date fair value of the stock awards as determined in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Because the amounts indicated include the value ascribed to performance shares assuming target-level performance and are awarded only if Otter Tail Corporation meets certain performance goals as described in footnote (3) and the CD&A, the amount may not reflect the value actually provided to the Named Executive Officers. See the CD&A for a more detailed description.
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OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR END
The following table summarizes the total outstanding equity awards as of December 31, 2022 for the Named Executive Officers.

|  | Stock Awards
Name | Year of Grant | Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (#)1 | Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested ($)1 | Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested (#)2 | Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested ($)2
Charles S. MacFarlane | 2022 | 8,700 |  | 510,777 |  | 29,600 |  | 1,737,816 |
2021 | 8,625 |  | 506,374 |  | 60,000 |  | 3,522,600 |
2020 | 4,000 |  | 234,840 |  | 41,400 |  | 2,430,594 |
2019 | 1,975 |  | 115,952 |  | — |  | — |
Kevin G. Moug | 2022 | 2,000 |  | 117,420 |  | 6,800 |  | 399,228 |
2021 | 2,175 |  | 127,694 |  | 15,000 |  | 880,650 |
2020 | 1,100 |  | 64,581 |  | 11,100 |  | 651,681 |
2019 | 575 |  | 33,758 |  | — |  | — |
Timothy J. Rogelstad | 2022 | 1,600 |  | 93,936 |  | 5,400 |  | 317,034 |
2021 | 1,725 |  | 101,275 |  | 12,000 |  | 704,520 |
2020 | 800 |  | 46,968 |  | 8,400 |  | 493,164 |
2019 | 425 |  | 24,952 |  | — |  | — |
John S. Abbott | 2022 | 1,600 |  | 93,936 |  | 5,400 |  | 317,034 |
2021 | 1,725 |  | 101,275 |  | 12,000 |  | 704,520 |
2020 | 800 |  | 46,968 |  | 8,400 |  | 493,164 |
2019 | 425 |  | 24,952 |  | — |  | — |
Jennifer O. Smestad | 2022 | 1,100 |  | 64,581 |  | 3,800 |  | 223,098 |
2021 | 1,200 |  | 70,452 |  | 8,400 |  | 493,164 |
2020 | 600 |  | 35,226 |  | 6,300 |  | 369,873 |
2019 | 300 |  | 17,613 |  | — |  | — |

(1)The awards for 2022, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are restricted stock units that vest ratably (25% per year) over a four-year period unless there is a qualifying event, including retirement, in which case they fully vest. Market value of restricted stock units equals the closing price of a common share at fiscal year-end, which was $58.71, multiplied by the number of units.
(2)The unvested performance shares are reported at maximum for awards granted in 2020 and 2021, and at target for awards granted in 2022. The actual number of shares paid, which may range from 0% to 150% of target, will be determined by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee after it determines whether the performance goals have been met. This typically occurs in February of each year. Market value of performance shares equals the closing price of a common share at fiscal year-end, which was $58.71, multiplied by the number of shares.
STOCK VESTED IN LAST FISCAL YEAR
The following table provides information on stock vested during 2022 for the Named Executive Officers and the resulting value realized.

Name | Stock Awards
Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting (#) | Value Realized on Vesting ($)1
Charles S. MacFarlane | 50,050 |  | 3,067,460 |
Kevin G. Moug | 14,150 |  | 867,222 |
Timothy J. Rogelstad | 10,850 |  | 664,986 |
John S. Abbott | 10,850 |  | 664,986 |
Jennifer O. Smestad | 7,600 |  | 465,795 |

(1)The value realized on the vesting of stock awards is based on the fair market value of Otter Tail Corporation’s common shares at the time of vesting. The fair market value as used in this table is the average of the high and low price of Otter Tail Corporation’s common shares on the date of vesting.
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PENSION PLAN
The Pension Plan is a tax-qualified defined benefit pension plan. Employees of Otter Tail Corporation and non-union employees of Otter Tail Power Company hired prior to September 1, 2006, and union employees of Otter Tail Power Company hired prior to November 1, 2013 (January 1, 2009 for Coyote Station employees) are eligible to participate in the Pension Plan.
•Benefits for Mr. MacFarlane, Mr. Moug and Ms. Smestad are determined by multiplying 37% of final average earnings (as defined in the Plan) by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of years of benefit accrual service up to 30 years and the denominator of which is 30. For these executive officers, final average earnings are determined using the 42 consecutive months out of the last 10 consecutive years prior to the participant’s retirement that produces the highest average salary. In addition, for each year of benefit accrued service earned in excess of 30 years, the executive’s benefit will increase by 1% up to a maximum of 110% of the benefit.
•For Mr. Rogelstad the benefit is determined by multiplying 38% of his final average earnings by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of years of benefit accrual service up to 30 years and the denominator of which is 30. Final average earnings for Mr. Rogelstad is determined by using the 30 consecutive months out of the last 10 years prior to his retirement that produces the highest average salary.
•For all officers participating in the Pension Plan, a full pension benefit is paid if the executive officer retires after he or she reaches age 62. If the executive officer commences payment prior to age 62, the pension benefit reduces on a scale beginning at 5% at age 61 and ending at 39% at age 55, the earliest age at which the pension benefit may be received. Currently, Mr. MacFarlane and Mr. Rogelstad are eligible for early retirement. The Pension Plan does not provide for a lump sum distribution.
Mr. Abbott is not eligible to participate in the Pension Plan.
EXECUTIVE SURVIVOR AND SUPPLEMENTAL RETIREMENT PLAN
Mr. MacFarlane, Mr. Moug and Mr. Rogelstad participate in the ESSRP. Participation in the ESSRP is determined by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee. The Board amended and restated the ESSRP, freezing participation in and benefit accruals under the restoration benefit component of the ESSRP (as described below) as of December 31, 2019 for all participants except Mr. Moug. Mr. MacFarlane, Mr. Moug and Mr. Rogelstad will receive retirement benefits under the ESSRP equal to the greater of the supplemental target benefit or the restoration benefit, as described below:
(1)Supplemental target benefit: A benefit equal to 65% of the participant’s final average earnings (as defined in the ESSRP) offset by the participant’s social security benefit and the amount of the participant’s benefit from Otter Tail Corporation’s tax-qualified defined benefit Pension Plan, provided the amount of this supplemental target benefit did not increase after December 31, 2010. The benefit amount accrues over a 15-year period. If this benefit is applicable, it will be paid for 15 years to the participant or the participant’s beneficiary or for such longer period of time as the participant lives. Final average earnings for Mr. MacFarlane and Mr. Moug is defined as highest consecutive 42-month average of base salary and incentive bonus paid during the 10 years prior to the supplemental target benefit freeze as of December 31, 2010. Final average earnings for Mr. Rogelstad is defined as the average of the total cash payments (base pay and bonus) paid to the participant during the highest consecutive 30 months in the 10 years prior to the supplemental target benefit freeze as of December 31, 2010.
(2)Restoration benefit: The benefit calculated under Otter Tail Corporation’s tax-qualified defined benefit Pension Plan, modified to include the participant’s bonus in the computation of covered compensation and to exclude any statutory compensation and benefit limits, and offset by the participant’s benefit from the tax-qualified defined Pension Plan. If this benefit is applicable, it will be paid in the same form as the participant’s tax-qualified defined benefit Pension Plan benefit. With the exception of Mr. Moug, participants’ restoration benefits were determined as of December 31, 2019 and will not increase after December 31, 2019.
Mr. MacFarlane, Mr. Moug and Mr. Rogelstad are all vested in their benefits under the ESSRP. As a result of the benefit freeze, the final average earnings as of December 31, 2019 for Mr. MacFarlane were determined to be $1,366,621 and $589,102 for Mr. Rogelstad. Mr. Moug was granted an additional 5 years of service under the ESSRP as of January 1, 2005. The increase in years of service for Mr. Moug was designed to more equitably apply the reduction in benefits caused by the January 1, 2005 amendment to the ESSRP. The ESSRP does not provide for a lump sum distribution.
If a Named Executive Officer under the ESSRP dies while employed by Otter Tail Corporation, Otter Tail Corporation will pay the participant’s beneficiary an amount equal to four times the participant’s annual salary and bonus at the time of death. If an executive officer under the ESSRP dies after retirement or dies after termination for other reasons with a vested benefit, Otter Tail Corporation will pay the participant’s beneficiary a lesser amount, depending upon the executive officer’s age at death and his or her vested percentage.
If a Named Executive Officer retires prior to age 62 or terminates employment prior to retirement with a vested benefit in the ESSRP, the Named Executive Officer will receive a reduced benefit amount. If a participant dies while still employed, his or her beneficiary will receive the actuarial equivalent of the participant’s benefit in 15 annual installments. Upon a change in control (as defined in the ESSRP), or in the event of the death of the executive officer while actively employed by Otter Tail Corporation, the executive officer becomes 100% vested in his or her accrued benefit. The Board of Directors has the right to amend, suspend or terminate the ESSRP, but no such action can reduce the benefits already accrued.
EXECUTIVE RESTORATION PLUS PLAN
Mr. MacFarlane, Mr. Rogelstad, Mr. Abbott and Ms. Smestad participate in the ERPP, which is a non-qualified defined contribution plan. The ERPP permits a participant to defer up to 50% of salary in 1% increments and up to 100% of annual cash incentive compensation in 1% increments. In addition, subject to its annual discretion, Otter Tail Corporation will contribute a sum equal to 6.5% of the annual compensation for the plan year in excess of Internal Revenue Code Section 401(a)(17) compensation limit in effect for that plan year plus 3% of annual compensation to the deferral and retirement accounts for Mr. MacFarlane, Mr. Rogelstad and Mr. Abbott and Ms. Smestad, provided they are each employed on the last day of
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the plan year. Contributions made for Mr. MacFarlane, Mr. Rogelstad, Mr. Abbott and Ms. Smestad under the ERPP are included in the Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Table and in the Summary Compensation Table.
The Plan provides that each participant makes his or her own investment decisions on the amounts deferred and, on the amounts, contributed by Otter Tail Corporation and is solely at risk for investment returns. A participant’s elected deferred sub-account will be fully vested at all times. A participant’s employer contributions sub-account will be vested to the same extent he or she is vested in any employer contributions under the 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan provided, however, that a participant will become fully vested in their employer contribution sub-account upon death, becoming disabled, or a change in control, provided the date on which the participant becomes fully vested in the employer contributions as a result of any of those events occurs while the participant is actively employed by or associated with Otter Tail Corporation.
The ERPP allows for full vesting of employer contributions if retiring at or after the earlier of age 62 or the qualifying age for normal or early retirement under any retirement plan of the Corporation that is applicable to the participant. The Plan also allows Otter Tail Corporation to make restorative or other discretionary contributions on behalf of participants.
To offset the retirement compensation lost as a result of freezing the ESSRP benefit accrual for Mr. MacFarlane and Mr. Rogelstad, which is discussed above, the Corporation has made and will continue to make a special employer contribution to each of Mr. MacFarlane’s and Mr. Rogelstad’s ERPP accounts following the end of each year beginning in 2020, with the first such contribution made in 2021. Mr. MacFarlane is credited with 22.4% of his prior year’s base salary and annual incentive, and Mr. Rogelstad is credited with 7.8% of his prior year’s base salary and annual incentive. This is in addition to the normal contributions provided by the ERPP. This special employer contribution will continue until the executive retires, or reaches age 62, whichever comes first. In addition, in 2022, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee approved an additional one-time discretionary contribution to Mr. Rogelstad’s ERPP account in the amount of $65,000 for 2022 performance, which was ratified by the independent members of the Board of Directors.
If a participant separates from service or becomes disabled, the vested portion of the participant’s account will be paid in a lump sum. If a participant dies while still employed, the participant’s vested account will be paid to the participant’s beneficiary in a lump sum payment. The Board of Directors has the right to amend, suspend or terminate the ERPP, but no such action can reduce the benefits already accrued.
PENSION
The following table summarizes the number of years of credited service and present accumulated value of the pension benefits for Mr. MacFarlane, Mr. Moug, Mr. Rogelstad and Ms. Smestad under the Otter Tail Corporation Pension Plan and ESSRP.

Name | Plan Name | Number of Years Credited Service (#) | Present Value of Accumulated Benefit ($)1 | Payments During Last Fiscal Year ($)
Charles S. MacFarlane | Pension Plan | 21.08 |  | 1,018,137 |  | — |
ESSRP | 18.08 |  | 4,278,263 |  | — |
Kevin G. Moug 2 | Pension Plan | 21.00 |  | 1,194,735 |  | — |
ESSRP | 26.00 |  | 3,925,969 |  | — |
Timothy J. Rogelstad | Pension Plan | 33.50 |  | 1,356,937 |  | — |
ESSRP | 30.50 |  | 1,647,892 |  | — |
Jennifer O. Smestad | Pension Plan | 21.00 |  | 755,662 |  | — |
ESSRP | — |  | — |  | — |

(1)The present value of the accumulated benefit for the Pension Plan and ESSRP is calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 715. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements in the 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K of Otter Tail Corporation for the policy and assumptions made in the valuation of this accumulated benefit.
(2)Includes 5 years of additional credited service in the ESSRP, which results in an additional accumulated benefit at present value of $975,819.
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NON-QUALIFIED DEFERRED COMPENSATION
The following table presents information on non-qualified deferred compensation for the Named Executive Officers.
Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation 1

Name | Executive Contributions in Last FY ($)2 | Registrant Contributions in Last FY ($)3 | Aggregate Earnings in Last FY ($)2 | Aggregate Withdrawals / Distributions ($) | Aggregate Balance at Last FYE ($)
Charles S. MacFarlane | 1,217,500 |  | 679,583 |  | — |  | — |  | 4,984,165 |
Kevin G. Moug | 50,000 |  | — |  | 21,044 |  | — |  | 716,735 |
Timothy J. Rogelstad | 29,190 |  | 96,518 |  | — |  | — |  | 398,952 |
John S. Abbott | — |  | 58,442 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,543,647 |
Jennifer O. Smestad | 65,654 |  | 49,067 |  | — |  | — |  | 462,868 |

(1)The terms of the deferred compensation plans are described in the CD&A.
(2)The amounts reported in the Executive Contributions column are also reported as compensation to the Named Executive Officers in the Summary Compensation Table while the amounts in the Aggregate Earnings column are not.
(3)The amounts reported in this column were contributed into the ERPP, whose terms are described in the Pension, ESSRP and ERPP Plans sections. The amounts reported in this column are also reported in the Summary Compensation Table.
POTENTIAL PAYMENTS UPON TERMINATION OR CHANGE IN CONTROL
Payments and benefits received by the Named Executive Officers upon termination is governed by the arrangements described below and quantified at the end of this section. We have estimated the amounts involved assuming that the termination became effective as of the last business day of 2022. The actual amounts to be paid out can only be determined at the time of the Named Executive Officer’s departure from the Corporation.
Employees, including the Named Executive Officers, are entitled to payments and benefits that were earned prior to their termination, and as a result, these payments and benefits are not included in the tables below. These payments and benefits include prorated bonus, accrued PTO pay, contributions to and earnings in the Deferred Compensation Plan, Pension Plan, and ERPP contributions and earnings, and vested benefits in the Pension Plan and ESSRP.
POTENTIAL TERMINATION PAYMENTS UPON A CHANGE IN CONTROL
Otter Tail Corporation has entered into change-in-control severance agreements (the “Severance Agreements”) with the Named Executive Officers. The Severance Agreements provide for certain payments and other benefits if, following a Change in Control, Otter Tail Corporation terminates the Named Executive Officer’s employment without Cause, or the Named Executive Officer terminates his or her employment for Good Reason. Such payments and benefits include: (i) severance pay equal to two times the sum of the Named Executive Officer’s salary (at the highest annual rate in effect during the two years prior to the termination) and average annual incentive compensation (for the two years prior to the termination); (ii) two years of continued life, health and disability insurance; (iii) the payment of legal fees and expenses relating to the termination; and (iv) the termination of any non-competition arrangement between Otter Tail Corporation and the Named Executive Officer. Severance and benefits will be paid by the Corporation or its successor in a lump sum not later than one day prior to the effective date of the termination. Under the Severance Agreements, “Cause” is defined as willful and continued failure to perform duties and obligations or willful misconduct materially injurious to Otter Tail Corporation; “Good Reason” is defined to include a material change in the employee’s responsibility or status, a reduction in salary or benefits, or a mandatory relocation; and “Change in Control” is defined to include a change in control of the type required to be disclosed under SEC proxy rules, acquisition by a person or group of 35% of the outstanding voting stock of Otter Tail Corporation, a proxy fight or contested election that results in Continuing Directors (as defined in the Severance Agreements) not constituting a majority of Otter Tail Corporation’s Board of Directors, or another event the majority of the Continuing Directors determines to be a Change in Control.
In February 2023, the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee adopted an amended form of severance agreement (the “Amended Severance Agreement”) which conforms to the definition of “Change in Control” as defined in the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan and the proposed 2023 Stock Incentive Plan. The amended definition of “Change in Control” includes acquisition by a person or group of 25% of the outstanding voting stock of the Corporation, “Continuing Directors” (as defined in the severance agreement) ceasing to constitute a majority of the Corporation’s Board under certain circumstances, and the consummation of a reorganization, merger, consolidation, liquidation or dissolution of the Corporation or of the sale of all or substantially all of its assets, other than as approved by at least three quarters of the Continuing Directors. In addition, the Amended Severance Agreement has a twenty-four (24) month limit on the severance-qualifying termination period after a Change in Control. The Amended Severance Agreement will be used prospectively for any new executive officer deemed appropriate by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee of the Board. This description is qualified by the Severance Agreements and Amended Severance Agreement attached as exhibits to the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
POTENTIAL TERMINATION PAYMENTS OUTSIDE OF A CHANGE-IN-CONTROL
Otter Tail Corporation has entered into an employment agreement (the “Employment Agreement”) with Mr. Moug. Mr. MacFarlane, Mr. Rogelstad, Mr. Abbott and Ms. Smestad are participants in the Executive Severance Plan. The Employment Agreement provides that if Otter Tail Corporation terminates the employment of Mr. Moug for Cause or if Mr. Moug terminates the employment relationship without Good Reason
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(as defined in the Employment Agreements), Mr. Moug will receive base pay and benefits through the date of termination. Alternatively, if Otter Tail Corporation terminates the employment of Mr. Moug for any other reason, or if Mr. Moug terminates the employment relationship for Good Reason, Otter Tail Corporation will pay a severance payment equal to 1.5 times the sum of Mr. Moug’s base pay plus such officer’s most recent annual cash incentive payment in full satisfaction of Otter Tail Corporation’s obligations to Mr. Moug, with such payment to be paid in a lump sum within fifteen days of termination. The Executive Severance Plan provides Mr. Rogelstad, Mr. Abbott and Ms. Smestad with a severance payment under similar circumstances equal to 1.5 times the sum of base pay plus the target annual cash incentive payment, and, for Mr. MacFarlane, 2.0 times the sum of base pay plus the target annual cash incentive payment. Severance payments under the Executive Severance Plan will be paid by the Corporation or its successor, in a lump sum not later than one day prior to the effective date of the termination. In return, each of Mr. MacFarlane, Mr. Rogelstad, Mr. Abbott and Ms. Smestad, as a terminated executive officer, must release all claims relating to employment and termination and comply with certain additional covenants, including non-disparagement, non-compete, non-solicitation of employees and vendors and the assignment of intellectual property.
The following table presents information regarding potential payments pursuant to the agreements described above and the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan for each of the Named Executive Officers named below assuming the event took place on the last business day of the fiscal year, December 30, 2022.
Summary of Termination Payments 1

| No Change in Control | Change in Control
Name | For Cause ($) | Death/Disability ($) | Without Cause ($) | ($)
Charles S. MacFarlane 2 | — |  | 4,924,301 |  | 6,720,939 |  | 9,406,518 |
Kevin G. Moug 3 | — |  | 1,191,813 |  | 2,409,645 |  | 3,234,672 |
Timothy J. Rogelstad 4 | — |  | 948,167 |  | 1,711,191 |  | 2,460,938 |
John S. Abbott 5 | — |  | 948,167 |  | 1,691,991 |  | 2,677,202 |
Jennifer O. Smestad 6 | — |  | 664,891 |  | 1,244,051 |  | 1,807,478 |

(1)For purposes of these calculations, the price per share is the closing price of Otter Tail Corporation’s common shares on December 31, 2022.
(2)For Mr. MacFarlane, Death/Disability consists of performance shares vesting at target in the amount of $4,086,216 and restricted stock units vesting in the amount of $838,085; Without Cause consists of pro rata portion of performance shares vesting at target in the amount of $2,782,854; restricted stock units vesting in the amount of $838,085 and severance in the amount of $3,100,000; Change in Control is subject to double trigger vesting and consists of performance shares vesting at target in the amount of $4,086,216, severance in the amount of $4,432,252, restricted stock units vesting in the amount of $838,085, and a health benefit in the amount of $49,965..
(3)For Mr. Moug, Death/Disability consists of performance shares vesting at target in the amount of $986,328 and restricted stock units vesting in the amount of $205,485; Without Cause consists of pro rata portion of performance shares vesting at target in the amount of $686,907, restricted stock units vesting in the amount of $205,485, and severance in the amount of $1,517,253; Change in Control is subject to double trigger vesting and consists of performance shares vesting at target in the amount of $986,328, severance in the amount of $2,007,657, restricted stock vesting in the amount of $35,202 and a health benefit in the amount of $35,202..
(4)For Mr. Rogelstad, Death/Disability consists of performance shares vesting at target in the amount of $786,714 and restricted stock units vesting in the amount of $161,453; Without Cause consists of pro rata portion of performance shares vesting at target in the amount of $548,939, restricted stock units vesting in the amount of $161,453 and severance in the amount of $1,000,800; Change in Control is subject to double trigger vesting and consists of performance shares vesting at target in the amount of $786,714, severance in the amount of $1,464,442, restricted stock units vesting in the amount of $161,453, and a health benefit in the amount of $48,330.
(5)For Mr. Abbott, Death/Disability consists of performance shares vesting at target in the amount of $786,714 and restricted stock units vesting in the amount of $161,453; Without Cause consists of pro rata portion of performance shares vesting at target in the amount of $548,939, restricted stock units vesting in the amount of $161,453 and severance in the amount of $981,600; Change in Control is subject to double trigger vesting and consists of performance shares vesting at target in the amount of $786,714, severance in the amount of $1,694,219, restricted stock units vesting in the amount of $161,453 and a health benefit in the amount of $34,817.
(6)For Ms. Smestad, Death/Disability consists of performance shares vesting at target in the amount of $551,874 and restricted stock units vesting in the amount of $113,017; Without Cause consists of pro rata portion of performance shares vesting at target in the amount of $384,551 and severance in the amount of $859,500; Change in Control is subject to double trigger vesting and consists of performance shares vesting at target in the amount of $551,874, severance in the amount of $1,095,395, restricted stock units vesting in the amount of $113,017 and a health benefit in the amount of $47,192.
PAY RATIO DISCLOSURE
Otter Tail Corporation provides fair and equitable compensation to its employees through a combination of competitive base pay, incentives, retirement plans and other benefits. We are disclosing the following pay ratio and supporting information, which compares the annual total compensation of our employees other than Mr. MacFarlane (including full-time, part-time, seasonal and temporary employees) and the annual total compensation of Mr. MacFarlane, our President and Chief Executive Officer, as required by Section 953(b) of the Dodd-Frank Act. The pay ratio is a reasonable estimate calculated in a manner consistent with Item 402(u) of Regulation S-K.
For 2022, our last completed fiscal year:
•The median of the annual total compensation of all employees of Otter Tail Corporation (other than our Chief Executive Officer) was $73,275; and
•The annual total compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, as reported in the Summary Compensation Table included in this Proxy Statement, was $5,059,578.
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Based on this information, the ratio of the annual total compensation of our Chief Executive Officer to the median of the annual total compensation of all other employees was 69 to 1.
In order to identify the median employee upon which to base the pay ratio calculation, we:
•determined that, as of December 31, 2021, our employee population consisted of approximately 2,500 individuals, all located in the United States. This population consists of our full-time, part-time, temporary and seasonal employees. We excluded a limited number of temporary agency employees, whose compensation was determined by the agency and who are not considered our employees for purposes of the pay ratio calculation.
•next compared the annual salary of our employees as reflected in our payroll records for December 2021, which was our measurement period.
We selected the determination date and measurement period used in the calculation because they were recent periods for which employee census and compensation information are readily available. We selected annual salary as our compensation measure because it was readily available in our existing payroll systems, it was consistently calculated for each employee, and because it was a reasonable proxy for total compensation for purposes of determining the median employee.
We calculated such employee’s annual total compensation for 2022 in accordance with the requirements of Item 402(c)(2)(x) of Regulation S-K, resulting in that employee’s annual total compensation of $73,275. The median employee’s annual total compensation includes salary and overtime pay, as well as incentive payments, retirement plan benefits, company matching contributions to the 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan and the cost of health and other benefits.
With respect to the Chief Executive Officer, we used the amount reported as total compensation in the Summary Compensation Table included in this Proxy Statement. Any estimates and assumptions used to calculate total annual compensation are described in footnotes to the Summary Compensation Table.
ADVISORY VOTE ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
As required pursuant to Section 14A of the Exchange Act, Otter Tail Corporation is providing its shareholders with a non-binding advisory vote on the compensation of the Named Executive Officers as described in the CD & A and the accompanying tables contained in this Proxy Statement. Otter Tail Corporation asks that you support the compensation of our Named Executive Officers as disclosed in this Proxy Statement. Because your vote is advisory, it will not be binding on the Board of Directors or Otter Tail Corporation. However, the Board of Directors will review the results of your voting and take those results into consideration when making future decisions regarding executive compensation. Otter Tail Corporation holds the vote annually.
As has been described in this Proxy Statement, executive compensation at Otter Tail Corporation is heavily weighted towards pay for performance and focused on driving strong financial performance. Both annual and long-term incentives have significant performance components attached to them. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee has established targets that permit payment of annual and long-term incentives only to the extent that Otter Tail Corporation’s financial and safety metrics are met. Long-term incentives are tied to Otter Tail Corporation stock performing well in the market and on strong returns on equity. Historically, in years when Otter Tail Corporation has not met its financial and safety targets, the Named Executive Officers have not received annual incentives, or the amount of those incentives has been significantly reduced. Similarly, when Otter Tail Corporation’s stock has not performed well, long-term incentives have not been paid or have been reduced.
Otter Tail Corporation believes it has designed compensation programs that are appropriate to attract and retain talented and dedicated key executives who are focused on Otter Tail Corporation’s performance. Otter Tail Corporation also believes that the information provided above and in this Proxy Statement demonstrates that its executive compensation programs are appropriate to ensure that the interests of the Named Executive Officers are aligned with the long-term interests of Otter Tail Corporation’s shareholders. Accordingly, Otter Tail Corporation is asking its shareholders to vote FOR the following resolution at the Annual Meeting:
“RESOLVED, That the shareholders approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of Otter Tail Corporation’s Named Executive Officers as disclosed pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section of the Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, the tabular disclosure regarding such compensation and the accompanying narrative disclosure set forth in such Proxy Statement.”
The Board of Directors recommends a vote FOR adoption of the resolution approving the compensation of Otter Tail Corporation’s Named Executive Officers. Adoption of this resolution will require the affirmative vote of the majority of the common shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting.
ADVISORY VOTE ON SAY ON PAY FREQUENCY
As required pursuant to Section 14A of the Exchange Act, Otter Tail Corporation is providing its shareholders with a non-binding advisory vote on the frequency with which Otter Tail Corporation’s shareholders will have a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation as provided for in the previous proposal. By voting on this proposal, shareholders may indicate whether they would prefer an advisory vote on executive compensation once every one, two or three years. In addition, shareholders may abstain from voting. Otter Tail Corporation is required to hold an advisory vote on frequency at least once every six years.
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At the 2017 Annual Meeting, shareholders voted, in a non-binding advisory vote, to conduct future shareholder votes on the compensation of the Named Executive Officers on an annual basis. After consideration, the Board of Directors has determined that an advisory vote on executive compensation that occurs every year is the most appropriate alternative for Otter Tail Corporation. Therefore, the Board of Directors recommends that you vote FOR an annual advisory vote on executive compensation.
You may cast your vote on your preferred voting frequency by choosing the option of one year, two years, three years or abstain when you vote in response to the resolution set forth below:
“RESOLVED, that Otter Tail Corporation shall hold a shareholder advisory vote to approve the compensation of its Named Executive Officers once every one year, two years or three years, with consideration for the option that receives the highest number of votes cast for this resolution.”
This advisory vote is not binding on Otter Tail Corporation or the Board of Directors. However, the Board of Directors will take into account the result of the vote when determining the frequency of future advisory votes on executive compensation.
The Board of Directors recommends a vote FOR the option of every ONE YEAR as the frequency with which shareholders are provided an advisory vote on the compensation of the Named Executive Officers.
PROPOSAL TO ADOPT THE OTTER TAIL CORPORATION 2023 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN
General
We are asking our shareholders to approve the Otter Tail Corporation 2023 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2023 Incentive Plan). On February 7, 2023, upon recommendation of our Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee and subject to shareholder approval, our Board adopted the 2023 Incentive Plan. The 2023 Incentive Plan is intended to promote the interests of our company and our shareholders by incenting management personnel to put forth maximum efforts for the success of our business and afford such personnel an opportunity to acquire ownership interests in our company. Our compensation strategy is outlined in further detail in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section of this Proxy Statement.
The 2023 Incentive Plan is an omnibus equity incentive plan that allows us to grant stock options, stock appreciation rights (SARs), restricted stock, restricted stock units (RSUs) (including performance share units (PSUs)), dividend equivalents and other stock-based awards to employees, officers, consultants, independent contractors, advisors and non-employee directors. The total number of shares of common stock that may be issued under all stock-based awards under the 2023 Incentive Plan will be 500,000 newly requested shares. In addition, shares subject to any outstanding awards under our prior stock incentive plans that are forfeited, canceled or reacquired by the company after the effective date of the new 2023 Incentive Plan will become available for re-issuance under the 2023 Incentive Plan.
All shares subject to awards, regardless of the type of award or whether the award is full value or appreciation only, will count against the 2023 Incentive Plan’s reserve on a 1:1 basis for each share subject to the award.
Reasons for Adopting the 2023 Incentive Plan
We are asking our shareholders to approve the 2023 Incentive Plan so that we will have an adequate number of shares authorized to make appropriate levels of stock incentive awards to officers, other employees and non-employee directors in 2023 and beyond.
As the current plan expires December 31, 2023, we are proposing to replace the 2014 Incentive Plan with the 2023 Incentive Plan. Under the 2023 Incentive Plan, equity awards will be made both to executive officers and other employees and to non-employee directors.
Our Board believes that the continuation of our stock-based compensation program is essential in attracting, retaining and motivating highly qualified executive officers and other employees and non-employee directors to enhance the success of the company. Accordingly, the Board recommends adoption of the 2023 Incentive Plan in order to allow us the ability to continue to grant RSUs and PSUs to executive officers and other employees and RSUs and restricted stock to non-employee directors at current levels.
If the 2023 Incentive Plan is approved by our shareholders, no additional awards will be granted under the 2014 Incentive Plan (although all outstanding awards previously granted under previous stock incentive plans will remain outstanding and subject to the terms of the plan). Any unused shares remaining available under the 2014 Incentive Plan will be “rolled over” to the 2023 Incentive Plan. In addition, shares subject to any outstanding awards under our prior plans that are forfeited, canceled or reacquired by the company will also become available for re-issuance under the 2023 Incentive Plan.
If the 2023 Incentive Plan is not approved by shareholders, we will continue to use the 2014 Incentive Plan in its current form as the framework for our equity incentive compensation program until its expiration date on December 31, 2023. However, after the 2014 Incentive Plan's expiration date, or if the authorized shares are depleted prior to its expiration date, we would not be able to continue to offer a long‑term incentive program that employs equity awards, which could put us at a competitive disadvantage in recruiting and retaining talent, and also make it more difficult for us to align employee interests with those of our shareholders through a program that includes stock ownership.
The complete text of the 2023 Incentive Plan is attached as Annex B to this Proxy Statement. The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to Annex B.
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Summary of the 2023 Incentive Plan
The following table identifies key features of the 2023 Incentive Plan.

Key Feature | Description
Independent Committee Administration | The 2023 Incentive Plan is administered by our Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee comprised entirely of independent directors.
No Evergreen Provision | The 2023 Incentive Plan does not contain an “evergreen” provision that will automatically increase the number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2023 Incentive Plan.
Limit on Shares Authorized | Under the 2023 Incentive Plan, the aggregate number of shares that may be issued is 500,000 newly requested shares. In addition, shares subject to any outstanding awards under our prior stock incentive plans that are forfeited, canceled or reacquired by the company will become available for re-issuance under the 2023 Incentive Plan.
Plan Uses 1:1 Share Counting | All shares subject to awards, regardless of type of award or whether the award is full value or appreciation only, will count against the 2023 Incentive Plan’s reserve on a 1:1 basis for each share subject to the plan reserve.
No Discounted Stock Options or Stock Appreciation Rights | Stock options and SARs must have an exercise price equal to or greater than the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant (unless such award is granted in substitution for a stock option or SAR previously granted by an entity that is acquired by or merged with the company). The closing price of a share of our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on February 17, 2023, was $71.22.
No Repricing of Stock Options or SARs | The 2023 Incentive Plan prohibits the repricing of stock options and SARs (including a prohibition on the repurchase of “underwater” stock options or SARs for cash or other securities) without shareholder approval.
No Liberal Share "Recycling" | The 2023 Incentive Plan provides that any shares (i) surrendered to pay the exercise price of an option, (ii) withheld by the company or tendered to satisfy tax withholding obligations with respect to any option, (iii) covered by a stock-settled stock appreciation right not issued in connection with settlement upon exercise, or (iv) repurchased by the company using option proceeds will not be added back (“recycled”) to the 2023 Incentive Plan.
No Liberal Change in Control Provisions | The 2023 Incentive Plan prohibits any award agreement from having a change in control provision that has the effect of accelerating the exercisability of any award or the lapse of restrictions relating to any award upon only the announcement or shareholder approval (rather than the consummation of) a change in control transaction.
Awards Subject to Forfeiture or Clawback | Awards under the 2023 Incentive Plan will be subject to our Recoupment Policy, as well as any other forfeiture and penalty conditions determined by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee.

Historical Equity Granting Practices and Voting Power Dilution
In determining the number of shares to authorize for issuance under the 2023 Incentive Plan, the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee considered, among other factors, historical amounts of equity awards granted and potential future grants over the next several years. Our three-year average "burn rate" was .27% for fiscal years 2020 through 2022. We define burn rate as the total number of shares subject to awards granted to participants in a single year expressed, net of grants forfeited, canceled or expired, as a percent of our basic weighted average common shares outstanding for that year.
Potential dilution, or overhang, is a common measure to assess the dilutive impact of equity plans. Total potential dilution is equal to (i) the number of shares available to be granted as future equity awards plus the number of shares subject to outstanding equity awards, divided by (ii) such total number of shares plus the total number of shares outstanding. The table below demonstrates the potential voting power dilution resulting from the adoption of the 2023 Incentive Plan.

Voting Power Dilution Calculation | Share Allocation |  | Voting Power Dilution (Fully Diluted Basis)1
Number of Shares Available for Future Grants | 1,087,211 |  |  | 2.6 | %
Number of Shares Granted & Still Outstanding | 426,251 |  |  | 1.0 | %
Total | 1,513,462 |  |  | 3.6 | %
Total Voting Power Dilution | 3.6 | % |  |
1 Based on 41,930,506 diluted shares outstanding as of 12/31/2022. |  |  |

We believe that our historical burn rate and equity granting practices, as well as the potential dilution resulting from the adoption of the 2023 Incentive Plan, are reasonable for a company of our size in our industry.
Shares Available for Awards
The 2023 Incentive Plan would provide for the issuance of up to 500,000 shares of common stock. All shares subject to awards, regardless of type of award, will count against the 2023 Incentive Plan’s reserve on a 1:1 basis for each share subject to the award. If awards issued under the 2023 Incentive Plan expire or otherwise terminate without being exercised or settled, the shares of common stock not acquired pursuant to such awards again become available for issuance under the 2023 Incentive Plan. However, under the share counting provisions of the 2023 Incentive Plan, the following classifications of shares will not again be available for issuance: (i) shares unissued due to a “net exercise” of a stock option, (ii) any shares
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withheld or shares tendered to satisfy tax withholding obligations under any stock option or stock appreciation right, (iii) shares covered by a SAR that is not settled in shares upon exercise and (iv) shares repurchased using stock option exercise proceeds.
In addition to the plan reserve, awards granted to non-employee directors are subject to an individual annual limitation. The sum of the grant date fair value of equity-based awards (such value computed as of the date of grant in accordance with applicable financial accounting rules) and the amount of any cash-based compensation granted to a non-employee director during any calendar year shall not exceed $600,000.
The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee can adjust the number of shares and share limits described above in the case of a stock dividend, recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-off, repurchase or exchange of shares, or other similar corporate transaction where such an adjustment is necessary to prevent dilution or enlargement of the benefits available under the 2023 Incentive Plan. Any adjustment determination made by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee shall be final, binding and conclusive.
Administration
The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee will administer the 2023 Incentive Plan and will have full power and authority to determine when and to whom awards will be granted, and the type, amount and other terms and conditions of each award, consistent with the provisions of the 2023 Incentive Plan. Subject to the provisions of the 2023 Incentive Plan, the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee may amend the terms of, or accelerate the exercisability of, an outstanding award. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee will have authority to interpret the 2023 Incentive Plan and establish rules and regulations for the administration of the 2023 Incentive Plan.
The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee may delegate its powers under the 2023 Incentive Plan to one or more officers or directors, subject to the requirements of applicable law and exchange requirements. However, such delegated officers will not be permitted to grant awards to any members of the board or executive officers who are subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
Eligible Persons
Any employee, independent contractor, consultant, advisor or non-employee director of our company or its affiliates selected by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee would be eligible to receive an award under the 2023 Incentive Plan. As of the date of this Proxy Statement, if the 2023 Incentive Plan were in effect, approximately 75 employees and officers, plus our non-employee directors, would be eligible to be selected by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee to receive incentive awards under the Plan.
Types of Awards and Terms and Conditions
The 2023 Incentive Plan would permit the granting of:
•stock options, including both incentive stock options (“ISOs”) and non-qualified stock options (together with ISOs, “options”);
•SARs;
•restricted stock and RSUs (including performance shares or PSUs) ;
•dividend equivalents; and
•other stock-based awards.
Awards could be granted alone, in addition to, in combination with or in substitution for any other award granted under the 2023 Incentive Plan or any other compensation plan. Awards could be granted for no cash consideration or for such minimal cash consideration as might be required by applicable law, and could provide that upon the grant or exercise thereof, the holder would receive cash, shares of common stock or other securities, awards or property or any combination of these. The exercise price per share under any stock option, the grant price of any SAR and the purchase price of any security that could be purchased under any other stock‑based award could not be less than the fair market value on the date of grant of such option, SAR or award. Determinations of fair market value under the 2023 Incentive Plan would be made in accordance with methods and procedures established by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee, but the fair market value of our shares always would be based on the closing price of those shares on the relevant date.
Stock Options. Options to purchase shares of common stock granted under the 2023 Incentive Plan could not have terms longer than ten years, except that in the event the recipient of an incentive stock option owned more than ten percent of our stock, the term of the option could be no longer than five years. Option recipients could exercise their options by tendering cash, shares of common stock or other consideration having a fair market value on the date the option was exercised equal to the exercise price, or 110% of the fair market value if the payment were in exercise of an incentive stock option by a participant who owned more than ten percent of our stock. The 2023 Incentive Plan would not permit the grant of additional options to purchase shares of common stock to participants who exercised their options by delivery of shares in payment of the exercise price. No options could be granted at an exercise price less than the fair market value of the underlying shares on the date of grant.
Stock Appreciation Rights. SARs granted under the 2023 Incentive Plan could not have terms longer than ten years. The holder of a SAR would be entitled to receive the excess of the fair market value, calculated as of the exercise date, of a specified number of shares of common stock over the grant price of the SAR, which can be no less than the fair market value of the underlying shares on the grant date.
We would receive no consideration for the grant of options or SARs under the 2023 Incentive Plan, other than the services rendered to us by the recipient.
Restricted Stock and RSUs. The holder of restricted stock will own shares of our common stock subject to restrictions imposed by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee for a specified time period determined by the Committee. The holder of RSUs will have the right, subject to restrictions imposed by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee, to receive shares of our common stock at some future date determined by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee. The grant, issuance, retention, vesting and/or settlement of restricted stock and restricted stock units will occur at such times and in such installments as are determined by the
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Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee. For example, at the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee’s discretion, awards may be conditioned upon a participant’s completion of a specified period of service, or upon the achievement of one or more performance goals established by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee, or upon any combination of service based and performance based conditions. A restricted stock or RSU award that is conditioned in whole or in part upon the achievement of one or more financial or other company-related performance goals (including goals specific to the participant's individual performance, other than performance of service alone) is generally referred to as a performance share or a PSU award.
Dividend Equivalents. The holder of a dividend equivalent will be entitled to receive payments (in cash or shares of our common stock) equivalent to the amount of cash dividends paid by the company to shareholders with respect to the number of shares determined by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee. Dividend equivalents will be subject to other terms and conditions determined by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee, but the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee may not grant dividend equivalents in connection with options or SARs.
Other Stock-Based Awards. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee is also authorized to grant other types of awards that are denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on or related to shares of our common stock, subject to terms and conditions determined by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee and the limitations in the 2023 Incentive Plan. No such stock-based awards will contain a purchase right or an option-like exercise feature.
Limited Transferability of Awards. Generally, no award or other right or interest of a participant under the 2023 Incentive Plan (other than fully vested and unrestricted shares issued pursuant to an award) shall be transferable by a participant other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, and no right or award may be pledged, alienated, attached or otherwise encumbered, and any purported pledge, alienation, attachment or encumbrance shall be void and unenforceable against the company or any affiliates. However, the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee may allow transfer of an award to family members for no value, and such transfer shall comply with the General Instructions to Form S-8 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee may also establish procedures to allow a named beneficiary to exercise the rights of the participant and receive any property distributable with respect to any award upon the participant’s death.
Recoupment. Awards under the 2023 Incentive Plan will be subject to our Recoupment Policy, as well as any other forfeiture and penalty conditions determined by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee.
Termination and Amendment
The 2023 Incentive Plan has a term of ten years expiring on April 17, 2033, unless terminated earlier by the Board of Directors. The Board may from time to time amend, suspend or terminate the 2023 Incentive Plan. No amendment or modification of the 2023 Incentive Plan may be made that would adversely affect any outstanding award without the consent of the participant or the current holder of the award (except in the case of a corporate transaction as described below). Amendments to the 2023 Incentive Plan must be approved by the shareholders, if required under the listing requirements of the NASDAQ Global Select Market or any other securities exchange applicable to the company, or if the amendment would (i) increase the number of shares authorized under the 2023 Incentive Plan, (ii) permit a repricing of options or SARs, (iii) permit the award of options or SARs with an exercise price less than 100% of the fair market value of a share on the date of grant, (iv) increase the maximum term of options or SARs, or (v) increase the annual per-person value limit on non-employee director awards under the 2023 Incentive Plan.
Awards under the 2023 Incentive Plan are generally subject to special provisions upon the occurrence of any reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, plan of arrangement, take-over bid or tender offer, repurchase or exchange of shares, or any other similar corporate transaction or event involving the company. In the event of such a corporate transaction, the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee or the Board may provide for any of the following to be effective upon the occurrence of the event (or effective immediately prior to the consummation of such event, provided the event is consummated):
•termination of any award, whether vested or not, in exchange for an amount of cash and/or other property equal to the amount that would have been attained upon exercise of the award or the realization of the participant’s vested rights under the award. Awards may be terminated without payment if the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee or Board determines that no amount is realizable under the award as of the time of the transaction;
•replacement of any award with other similar rights or property selected by the Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee or the Board, with appropriate adjustments as to the number and kind of shares and prices;
•the assumption of any award by the successor or survivor entity (or its parent or subsidiary) or the arrangement for the substitution for similar awards covering the stock of such successor entity with appropriate adjustments as to the number and kind of shares and prices;
•require that any award shall become exercisable or payable or fully vested, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the applicable award agreement; or
•require that the award cannot vest, be exercised or become payable until after a future date, which may be the effective date of the corporate transaction.
Federal Tax Consequences
Grant of Options and SARs. The grant of a stock option or SAR is not expected to result in any taxable income to the recipient.
Exercise of Options and SARs. Upon exercising a non-qualified stock option, the optionee must recognize ordinary income equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares of our common stock acquired on the date of exercise over the exercise price, and we generally will be entitled at that time to an income tax deduction for the same amount. The holder of an ISO generally will have no taxable income upon exercising the option (except that an alternative minimum tax liability may arise), and we will not be entitled to an income tax deduction. Upon exercising a
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SAR, the amount of any cash received and the fair market value on the exercise date of any shares of our common stock received are taxable to the recipient as ordinary income and generally are deductible by us.
Disposition of Shares Acquired Upon Exercise of Options and SARs. The tax consequence upon a disposition of shares acquired through the exercise of an option or SAR will depend on how long the shares have been held and whether the shares were acquired by exercising an ISO or by exercising a non-qualified stock option or SAR. Generally, there will be no tax consequence to us in connection with the disposition of shares acquired under an option or SAR, except that we may be entitled to an income tax deduction in the case of the disposition of shares acquired under an ISO, if the disposition occurs before the applicable ISO holding periods set forth in the Internal Revenue Code have been satisfied.
Restricted Stock. Recipients of grants of restricted stock generally will be required to include as taxable ordinary income the fair market value of the restricted stock at the time it is no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture. However, an award holder who makes an 83(b) election within 30 days of the date of grant of the restricted stock will incur taxable ordinary income on the date of grant equal to the fair market value of such shares of restricted stock (determined without regard to forfeiture restrictions). With respect to the sale of shares after the forfeiture restrictions have expired, the holding period to determine whether the award recipient has long-term or short-term capital gain or loss generally begins when the restrictions expire, and the tax basis for such shares will generally be based on the fair market value of the shares on that date. However, if the award holder made an 83(b) election as described above, the holding period commences on the date of such election, and the tax basis will be equal to the fair market value of the shares on the date of the election (determined without regard to the forfeiture restrictions on the shares). If the award permits dividends or their equivalents to accrue while the restricted stock is subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, such amount will be paid if and when the underlying stock vests and will also be taxed as ordinary income. We generally will be entitled to an income tax deduction equal to amounts the award holder includes in ordinary income at the time of such income inclusion.
RSUs and Other Stock-Based Awards. Recipients of grants of RSUs (including PSUs) will not incur any federal income tax liability at the time the awards are granted. Award holders will recognize ordinary income equal to (a) the amount of cash received under the terms of the award or, as applicable, (b) the fair market value of the shares received (determined as of the date of receipt) under the terms of the award. If the award permits dividend equivalent amounts to accrue while the RSU is subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, such dividend equivalent amounts will be paid if and when the underlying stock unit vests and will also be taxed as ordinary income. Cash or shares to be received pursuant to any other stock-based award generally become payable when applicable forfeiture restrictions lapse; provided, however, that, if the terms of the award so provide, payment may be delayed until a later date to the extent permitted under applicable tax laws. We generally will be entitled to an income tax deduction for any amounts included by the award holder as ordinary income. For awards that are payable in shares, participant’s tax basis is equal to the fair market value of the shares at the time the shares become payable. Upon the sale of the shares, appreciation (or depreciation) after the shares are paid is treated as either short-term or long-term capital gain (or loss) depending on how long the shares have been held.
Limitations On Company’s Income Tax Deduction. Subject to the usual rules concerning reasonable compensation, including our obligation to withhold or otherwise collect certain income and payroll taxes, we generally will be entitled to a corresponding income tax deduction at the time a participant recognizes ordinary income from awards made under the 2023 Incentive Plan. However, Section 162(m) of the Code prohibits publicly held corporations from deducting more than $1 million per year in compensation paid to certain Named Executive Officers. Annual compensation paid to a covered executive (including compensation paid under the 2023 Incentive Plan) in excess of $1 million generally will not be deductible.
Special Rules for Executive Officers Subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Special rules may apply to individuals subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In particular, unless a special election is made pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code, shares received through the exercise or settlement of an award may be treated as restricted as to transferability and subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture for a period of up to six months after the date of exercise. Accordingly, the amount of any ordinary income recognized and the amount of our income tax deduction will be determined as of the end of that period.
Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee intends to administer and interpret the 2023 Incentive Plan and all award agreements in a manner consistent to satisfy the requirements of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code to avoid any adverse tax results thereunder to a holder of an award.
New Plan Benefits
No benefits or amounts have been granted, awarded or received under the 2023 Incentive Plan. The Compensation and Human Capital Management Committee, in its sole discretion, will determine the number and types of awards that will be granted under the 2023 Incentive Plan. Accordingly, it is not possible to determine the benefits that will be received by eligible participants if the 2023 Incentive Plan is approved by our shareholders.
The Board recommends that you vote FOR the approval of the Otter Tail Corporation 2023 Incentive Plan.
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EQUITY PLAN COMPENSATION INFORMATION
The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 2022 about the Company’s common stock that may be issued under all its equity compensation plans:

| Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights |  |  | Weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights |  | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) |
Plan Category | (a) |  |  | (b) |  | (c) |
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2014 Stock Incentive Plan | 395,020 |  | (1) |  | $ | 0.00 |  |  | 587,211 |  | (2)
1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan | — |  |  |  | N/A |  | 263,706 |  | (3)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Total | 395,020 |  |  |  | — |  |  | 850,917 |  |

(1)Includes 83,700, 118,500 and 82,500 performance-based share awards, assuming a maximum payout, granted in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 110,320 restricted stock units outstanding as of December 31, 2022, and excludes 31,231 shares of restricted stock issued to members of the Board of Directors.
(2)The 2014 Stock Incentive Plan provides for the issuance of any shares available under the plan in the form of restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance awards and other types of stock-based awards, in addition to the granting of options, warrants or stock appreciation rights. This amount excludes shares that would be available for issuance under the 2023 Incentive Plan if the Plan was approved at the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
(3)Shares to be issued based on employee’s election to participate in the plan.
(4)The company has no outstanding appreciation awards.
REPORT OF AUDIT COMMITTEE
The Audit Committee of Otter Tail Corporation’s Board of Directors is composed of four independent Directors (as defined by the Nasdaq Listing Standards) and operates under a written charter adopted by the Board of Directors. The Audit Committee retains and supervises Otter Tail Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm, currently Deloitte & Touche, LLP.
Management is responsible for Otter Tail Corporation’s internal controls and the financial reporting process. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for performing an independent audit of Otter Tail Corporation’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and to issue a report thereon. The Audit Committee’s responsibility is to monitor and oversee these processes.
In this context, the Audit Committee met and held discussions with management and the independent registered public accounting firm. Management represented to the Audit Committee that Otter Tail Corporation’s audited consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Audit Committee reviewed and discussed the audited consolidated financial statements with management and the independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee discussed with the independent registered public accounting firm the matters required to be discussed by the applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) and the SEC. Otter Tail Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm also provided to the Audit Committee the written disclosures and the letter required by the applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding the independent accountant’s communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence. The Audit Committee discussed with the independent registered public accounting firm that firm’s independence.
Based on the Audit Committee’s discussions with management and the independent registered public accounting firm and the Audit Committee’s review of the audited consolidated financial statements and the report of the independent registered public accounting firm to the Audit Committee, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the audited consolidated financial statements be included in Otter Tail Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC.
Steven L. Fritze, Chair
Karen M. Bohn
James B. Stake
Thomas J. Webb
RATIFICATION OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
At the Annual Meeting of Shareholders, the Board of Directors will propose that shareholders ratify the appointment of the firm of Deloitte & Touche, LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm to audit the consolidated financial statements of Otter Tail Corporation for 2023. This firm has no direct or indirect financial interest in Otter Tail Corporation.
The Audit Committee has appointed Deloitte & Touche, LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for 2023. Shareholder ratification of the appointment of Deloitte & Touche, LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm is not required by our Bylaws or otherwise. However, the Board of Directors is submitting the appointment of Deloitte & Touche, LLP to the shareholders for ratification as a matter of good
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corporate practice. If the shareholders fail to ratify the appointment, the Audit Committee will reconsider whether or not to retain that firm, but it retains sole responsibility for appointing and terminating the independent registered public accounting firm.
A partner of the independent registered public accounting firm of Deloitte & Touche, LLP will be present at the Annual Meeting to answer questions and to make a statement if they desire to do so. An affirmative vote of a majority of the common shares present and entitled to vote with respect to the ratification of the independent registered public accounting firm is required for ratification. Proxies, unless otherwise directed thereon, will be voted in favor of this proposal. The Board of Directors recommends a vote FOR the ratification of Deloitte & Touche, LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm for 2023.
FEES
Aggregate fees that Deloitte & Touche, LLP and their respective affiliates billed to Otter Tail Corporation for 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

| 2022 |  | 2021
Total Audit Fees 1 | $ | 1,416,000 |  |  | $ | 1,395,000 |
Audit-Related Fees | — |  |  | — |
Tax Fees 2 | — |  |  | 52,822 |
Other Fees 3 | 1,895 |  |  | 1,895 |
Total | $ | 1,417,895 |  |  | $ | 1,449,717 |

(1) Fees include amounts for the annual audit of our consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting, reviews of interim consolidated financial statements, consents for registration statements and comfort letters for securities offerings.
(2) Fees for 2021 include $52,822 for tax compliance services
(3) Fees related to use of Deloitte’s Accounting Research Tool.
PRE-APPROVAL OF AUDIT AND NON-AUDIT SERVICES POLICY
Otter Tail Corporation’s Audit Committee has adopted, and the Board of Directors has ratified, the Audit and Non-Audit Services Pre-Approval Policy, which sets forth the procedures and the conditions pursuant to which services proposed to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm may be pre-approved. The independent registered public accounting firm has reviewed this policy and believes that implementation of the policy will not adversely affect the firm’s independence.
Four categories of services have been defined by Otter Tail Corporation within the policy to provide a consistent framework for assessment, decision making, approval and reporting. The following is a summary of the key provisions of the policy.
Audit services are specified services directly related to performing the independent audit of Otter Tail Corporation and its subsidiaries. The independent registered public accounting firm will submit to the Audit Committee for pre-approval the scope and estimated fees associated with the current year audit at the August Audit Committee meeting.
Audit-related services are specified services that are related extensions of audit services and are logically performed by the independent registered public accounting firm. Additional services exceeding the specified pre-approved limits require specific Audit Committee approval.
Tax services are specified services related to tax matters. Using the independent registered public accounting firm for these matters creates efficiencies, minimizes disruption and preserves confidentiality. Additional services exceeding the specified pre-approved limits, or adding service types to the pre-approved list, requires specific Audit Committee approval.
Other services include (a) “synergistic” services for which utilizing the independent registered public accounting firm creates efficiencies, minimizes disruption and preserves confidentiality, or (b) “unique qualifications” services for which management has determined that the independent registered public accounting firm possesses unique or superior qualifications to provide the services. Additional services exceeding the specified pre-approved limits, or adding service types to the pre-approved list, requires specific Audit Committee approval.
“Restricted” non-audit services include nine specific restricted services outlined in the SEC’s rule on auditor independence. These services are not to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm.
The Audit Committee has delegated the administration of the pre-approval policy to the Chief Financial Officer to engage for audit-related services, tax services and other services, as defined, up to an aggregate of $50,000 per quarter.
During 2021 and 2022, all of the services provided by Deloitte & Touche, LLP and their respective affiliates for the services described above under audit fees, audit-related fees, tax fees and all other fees were pre-approved in accordance with the Pre-Approval Policy.
POLICY AND PROCEDURES REGARDING TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PERSONS
The Board of Directors of Otter Tail Corporation has adopted a Policy and Procedures Regarding Transactions with Related Persons. This policy delegates to the Audit Committee responsibility for reviewing, approving, or ratifying transactions with “Related Persons” that are required to be disclosed under the rules of the SEC. Under the policy, a “Related Person” includes any of the Directors, nominee for Director, or executive officers of Otter Tail Corporation, certain shareholders and any immediate family member of any of the foregoing persons. The policy applies to transactions in which Otter Tail Corporation is a participant and a Related Person will have a direct or indirect material interest and the amount involved exceeds $120,000. Under the policy, Otter Tail Corporation management is responsible for disclosing to the Audit Committee all material information related to any covered transaction in order to give the Audit Committee an opportunity to authorize, approve or ratify the covered
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transaction based upon its determination that the covered transaction is fair and reasonable and on terms no less favorable to Otter Tail Corporation than could be obtained in a comparable arm’s length transaction with an unrelated third party. A copy of the Policy and Procedures Regarding Transactions with Related Persons can be found at www.ottertail.com. For 2022, the Corporation is unaware of any related party transactions to be reported.
SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS FOR 2024 ANNUAL MEETING
Any holder of common shares of Otter Tail Corporation who intends to present a proposal that may properly be acted upon at the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Otter Tail Corporation must submit such proposal to Otter Tail Corporation so that it is received at Otter Tail Corporation’s executive offices at P.O. Box 496, Fergus Falls, MN 56538-0496, on or before November 2, 2023 for inclusion in Otter Tail Corporation’s Proxy Statement and form of proxy relating to that meeting.
If a holder of common shares wishes to present a proposal at the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, but does not wish to include it in the Proxy Statement relating to that meeting or wishes to nominate a candidate for Director, the holder must submit notice of the proposal or nomination in accordance with the procedures provided in the Otter Tail Corporation Bylaws to Otter Tail Corporation’s executive offices on or before January 18, 2024 in order for the proposal to be considered timely.
In addition, notice of a nomination must comply with the additional requirements of Rule 14a-19(b) of the Exchange Act.
OTHER BUSINESS
As of the date hereof, the Board of Directors of Otter Tail Corporation is aware of no other proposals to be presented to the Annual Meeting in addition to the items described above. If any other matters properly come before the Annual Meeting, the proxies will vote thereon at their discretion.
A copy of Otter Tail Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, including financial statements and schedules thereto, filed with the SEC, is available without charge to shareholders. Address written requests to:

| Corporate Secretary
| Otter Tail Corporation
| P.O. Box 496
| Fergus Falls, MN 56538-0496

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