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Employee Postretirement Benefits
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Employee Postretirement Benefits Employee Postretirement Benefits
Pension Plan and Other Postretirement Benefits
The Company sponsors a noncontributory funded pension plan (the Pension Plan), an unfunded, nonqualified Executive Survivor and Supplemental Retirement Plan (ESSRP), both accounted for as defined benefit pension plans, and a postretirement healthcare plan accounted for as an other postretirement benefit plan.
The Pension Plan, which previously covered substantially all corporate and OTP employees, was closed to new employees in 2013. The plan provides retirement compensation to all covered employees at age 65, with reduced compensation in cases of retirement prior to age 62. Participants are fully vested after completing five years of vesting service. The plan assets consist of equity funds, fixed income funds, cash and cash equivalents and alternative investments. None of the plan assets are invested in common stock or debt securities of the Company.
The ESSRP, an unfunded plan, provides for defined benefit payments to executive officers and certain key management employees on their retirement for life, or to their beneficiaries on their death. The ESSRP was amended and restated in 2019 to i) freeze the participation in the restoration retirement benefit component of the plan and ii) freeze benefit accruals under the restoration retirement benefit component of the plan for all participants of the plan except any participants deemed to be grandfathered participants.
The postretirement healthcare plan, closed to new participants in 2010, provides a portion of health insurance benefits for retired and covered corporate and OTP employees. To be eligible for retiree health insurance benefits, the employee must be 55 years of age with a minimum of 10 years of service. The plan is an unfunded plan and accordingly holds no plan assets.
Pension Plan Assets. We have established a Retirement Plans Administration Committee to develop and monitor our investment strategy for our Pension Plan assets. Our investment strategy includes the following objectives:
•The assets of the plan will be invested in accordance with all applicable laws in a manner consistent with fiduciary standards including Employee Retirement Income Security Act standards of 1974 (ERISA) (if applicable). Specifically:
◦The safeguards and diversity that a prudent investor would adhere to must be present in the investment program.
◦All transactions undertaken on behalf of the Pension Plan must be in the best interest of plan participants and their beneficiaries.
•The primary objective is to provide a source of retirement income for its participants and beneficiaries.
•The near-term primary financial objective is to improve and protect the funded status of the plan.
•A secondary financial objective is to minimize pension funding and expense volatility where possible.
We have developed an asset allocation target, measured at investment market value, to provide guideline percentages of investment mix. This investment mix is intended to achieve the financial objectives of the plan. The permitted range is a guide and will at times not reflect the actual asset allocation due to market conditions, actions of our investment managers and required cash flows to and from the Pension Plan.
The following table presents our target asset allocation permitted range along with the actual asset allocation as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
 PermittedActual Allocation
Asset ClassRange20242023
Return Enhancement35 –60%41 %48 %
Risk Management40 –80%59 51 
Alternatives0 –20%— 1 
Total100 %100 %
Return Enhancement investments are those that seek to provide equity-like, long-term capital appreciation. Examples include equity securities, including dynamic asset allocation funds, and higher yielding fixed income securities, such as high yield bonds and emerging market debt.
Risk Management investments seek to decrease downside risk or act as a hedge against plan liabilities. Examples are cash and fixed income instruments.
Alternative investments seek to either provide return enhancement through long-term appreciation or risk management through decreased downside risk. The defining characteristic of these asset types is uncorrelated source of returns, less liquidity and private market access. Examples include investments in the SEI Energy Debt Collective Fund.
The following presents the fair value inputs classified within the fair value hierarchy used to measure Pension Plan assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023 and assets measured using the net asset value (NAV) practical expedient:
(in thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotal
December 31, 2024
Equity Funds$116,889 $— $— $— $116,889 
Fixed Income Funds175,310 — — — 175,310 
Hybrid Funds10,106 — — — 10,106 
U.S. Treasury Securities23,909 — — — 23,909 
SEI Energy Debt Collective Fund— — — 1,061 1,061 
Total$326,214 $— $— $1,061 $327,275 
December 31, 2023
Equity Funds$127,159 $— $— $— $127,159 
Fixed Income Funds167,604 — — — 167,604 
Hybrid Funds10,980 — — — 10,980 
U.S. Treasury Securities23,218 — — — 23,218 
SEI Energy Debt Collective Fund— — — 1,518 1,518 
Total$328,961 $— $— $1,518 $330,479 
The investments held by the SEI Energy Debt Collective Fund on December 31, 2024 and 2023 consist mainly of below investment grade high yield bonds and loans of U.S. energy companies which trade at a discount to fair value. Redemptions are allowed semi-annually with a 95-day notice period, subject to fund director consent and certain gate, holdback and suspension restrictions. Subscriptions are allowed monthly with a three-year lock up on subscriptions. The fund’s assets are valued in accordance with valuations reported by the fund’s sub-advisor or the fund’s underlying investments or other independent third-party sources, although SEI, in its discretion, may use other valuation methods, subject to compliance with ERISA, as applicable. On an annual basis, as determined by the investment manager in its sole discretion, an independent valuation agent is retained to provide a valuation of the illiquid assets of the fund and of any other asset of the fund.
Funded Status. The following table provides a reconciliation of the changes in the fair value of plan assets and the actuarially computed benefit obligation for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and the funded status of the plans as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Pension Benefits (Pension Plan) Pension Benefits (ESSRP)Postretirement Benefits
(in thousands)202420232024202320242023
Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets:
Fair Value of Plan Assets at January 1$330,479 $313,797 $— $— $— $— 
Actual Return on Plan Assets14,976 34,196 — — — — 
Company Contributions— — 2,694 2,197 1,568 3,167 
Benefit Payments(18,180)(17,514)(2,694)(2,197)(3,734)(8,900)
Participant Premium Payments— — — — 2,166 5,733 
Fair Value of Plan Assets at December 31$327,275 $330,479 $— $— $— $— 
Change in Benefit Obligation:
Benefit Obligation at January 1$318,801 $308,055 $35,780 $35,624 $30,145 $49,947 
Service Cost3,886 3,698 — 72 490 565 
Interest Cost17,189 16,436 1,897 1,889 1,600 2,416 
Benefit Payments(18,180)(17,514)(2,694)(2,197)(3,734)(8,900)
Participant Premium Payments— — — — 2,166 5,733 
Plan Amendments— — — — — (17,493)
Actuarial (Gain) Loss(7,686)8,126 331 392 (664)(2,123)
Benefit Obligation at December 31314,010 318,801 35,314 35,780 30,003 30,145 
Funded Status$13,265 $11,678 $(35,314)$(35,780)$(30,003)$(30,145)
Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31:
Noncurrent Assets$13,265 $11,678 $— $— $— $— 
Current Liabilities— — (2,700)(2,679)(2,618)(2,469)
Noncurrent Liabilities
— — (32,614)(33,101)(27,385)(27,676)
Net Asset (Liability)$13,265 $11,678 $(35,314)$(35,780)$(30,003)$(30,145)
The accumulated benefit obligation of our Pension Plan was $288.5 million and $288.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The accumulated benefit obligation of our ESSRP was $35.3 million and $35.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
The following assumptions were used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Pension Benefits (Pension Plan)Pension Benefits (ESSRP)Postretirement Benefits
 202420232024202320242023
Discount Rate5.70 %5.57 %5.60 %5.53 %5.61 %5.53 %
Long-Term Rate of Compensation Increasen/an/a3.00 %3.00 %n/an/a
Participants up to Age 39(1)
4.50 %4.50 %n/an/an/an/a
Participants Ages 40 to 49(2)
4.50 %4.50 %n/an/an/an/a
Participants Age 50 and Older(3)
3.75 %3.75 %n/an/an/an/a
Healthcare Cost Immediate Trend Raten/an/an/an/a6.44 %6.97 %
Healthcare Cost Ultimate Trend Raten/an/an/an/a4.00 %4.00 %
Year the Rate Reaches the Ultimate Trend Raten/an/an/an/a20482048
(1) Amount reflects rate of compensation increases for both union and non-union employees.
(2) Amount reflects rate of compensation increases for union employees. The rate of compensation increases for non-union employees is 3.50%.
(3) Amount reflects rate of compensation increases for union employees. The rate of compensation increases for non-union employees is 3.00%.
The measurement of the plan asset or benefit obligation recognized for our Pension Plan, ESSRP and postretirement healthcare benefit plan included the following significant actuarial adjustments:
•For the Pension Plan, an increase in the discount rate in 2024 and 2023 reduced our obligation by $4.7 million and $2.2 million. Changes in plan participant census data decreased our benefit obligation by $3.0 million in 2024. Actual
returns on Pension Plan assets in 2024 were $15.0 million, compared to an expected return of $25.5 million, impacting our net obligation by $10.5 million.
•For the ESSRP, an increase in the discount rate in 2024 and 2023 reduced our obligation by $0.2 million and $0.1 million.
•For the postretirement healthcare plan, an increase in the discount rate in 2024 and 2023 reduced our obligation by $0.2 million and $1.3 million. Revised estimates of healthcare cost trends and participant contribution assumptions increased the benefit obligation by $0.4 million in 2024. Changes in plan participant census data decreased our benefit obligation by $0.9 million in 2024.
Net Periodic Benefit Cost. A portion of service cost may be capitalized as a cost of self-constructed property, plant and equipment. When recognized in the consolidated statements of income, service cost is recognized within one of the components of operating expenses. Nonservice cost components of net periodic benefit cost may be deferred and recognized as a regulatory asset under the accounting guidance for regulated operations. When recognized in the consolidated statements of income, nonservice cost components are recognized as nonservice cost components of postretirement benefits.
The following table lists the components of net periodic benefit cost of our defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefits for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Pension Benefits (Pension Plan)Pension Benefits (ESSRP)Postretirement Benefits
(in thousands)202420232022202420232022202420232022
Service Cost$3,886 $3,698 $6,576 $— $72 $195 $490 $565 $1,338 
Interest Cost17,189 16,436 12,344 1,897 1,889 1,341 1,600 2,416 2,041 
Expected Return on Assets(25,518)(25,914)(23,684)— — — — — — 
Amortization of Prior Service Cost— — — — — — (6,302)(6,649)(5,733)
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss158 — 7,865 — — 567 — — 3,063 
Net Periodic Benefit Cost$(4,285)$(5,780)$3,101 $1,897 $1,961 $2,103 $(4,212)$(3,668)$709 
The following table includes the impact of regulation on the recognition of periodic benefit cost arising from pension and other postretirement benefits for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
(in thousands)202420232022
Net Periodic Benefit Cost$(6,600)$(7,487)$5,913 
Net Amount Amortized Due to the Effect of Regulation1,367 1,225 1,121 
Net Periodic Benefit Cost Recognized$(5,233)$(6,262)$7,034 
The following assumptions were used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Pension Benefits (Pension Plan)Pension Benefits (ESSRP)Postretirement Benefits
 202420232022202420232022202420232022
Discount Rate5.57 %5.51 %3.03 %5.53 %5.51 %2.93 %5.53 %5.52 %3.01 %
Long-Term Rate of Return on Plan Assets7.00 %7.00 %6.30 %n/an/an/an/an/an/a
Long-Term Rate of Compensation Increasen/an/an/a3.00 %3.00 %3.00 %n/an/an/a
Participants to Age 394.50 %4.50 %4.50 %n/an/an/an/an/an/a
Participants Ages 40 to 494.00 %3.50 %3.50 %n/an/an/an/an/an/a
Participants Age 50 and Older3.38 %2.75 %2.75 %n/an/an/an/an/an/a
We develop our estimated discount rate through the use of a hypothetical bond portfolio method. This method derives the discount rate from the average yield of a collection of high credit quality bonds which produce cash flows similar to our anticipated future benefit payments. We estimate the assumed long-term rate of return on plan assets based primarily on asset category studies using historical market return and volatility data with forward-looking estimates based on existing financial market conditions and forecasts of capital markets. Modest excess return expectations versus some market indices are incorporated into the return projections based on the actively managed structure of the investment programs and their records of achieving such returns historically.
The following table presents the amounts not yet recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
Pension Benefits (Pension Plan)Pension Benefits (ESSRP)Postretirement Benefits
(in thousands)202420232024202320242023
Regulatory Assets (Liabilities):
Unrecognized Prior Service Cost$— $— $— $— $(12,703)$(18,845)
Unrecognized Actuarial Loss87,868 85,227 292 1,061 1,121 1,759 
Net Regulatory Assets (Liabilities)$87,868 $85,227 $292 $1,061 $(11,582)$(17,086)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Unrecognized Prior Service Cost$— $— $— $— $339 $498 
Unrecognized Actuarial Gain (Loss)1,937 1,994 (2,502)(1,403)732 707 
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)$1,937 $1,994 $(2,502)$(1,403)$1,071 $1,205 
Cash Flows. We did not make any contributions to our Pension Plan in 2024 or 2023. We made a discretionary contribution of $20.0 million in in 2022. As of December 31, 2024, we had no minimum funding requirements for our Pension Plan. Contributions to our ESSRP and postretirement healthcare plan are equal to the benefits paid to plan participants.
The following reflects anticipated benefit payments to be paid in each of the next five years and in the aggregate for the five-year period thereafter under our pension plans and postretirement healthcare plan:
(in thousands)202520262027202820292030-2034
Projected Pension Plan Benefit Payments$19,274 $19,804 $20,284 $20,859 $21,420 $111,275 
Projected ESSRP Benefit Payments2,769 2,899 3,059 2,999 3,070 14,275 
Projected Postretirement Benefit Payments2,618 2,614 2,576 2,488 2,517 12,019 
Total$24,661 $25,317 $25,919 $26,346 $27,007 $137,569 
401K Plan
We sponsor a 401K plan for the benefit of all corporate and subsidiary company employees. Contributions made to these plans totaled $9.3 million for 2024, $7.8 million for 2023 and $6.7 million for 2022.