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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
The provision for income taxes charged to income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:
(in thousands)202420232022
Current
Federal Income Taxes$36,238 $41,253 $31,949 
State Income Taxes6,533 15,126 9,568 
Deferred
Federal Income Taxes13,078 9,832 22,480 
State Income Taxes9,979 3,676 9,943 
Tax Credits
North Dakota Wind Tax Credit Amortization, Net of Federal Tax(586)(586)(586)
Investment Tax Credit Amortization(12)(3)(3)
Total$65,230 $69,298 $73,351 
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
The reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate for each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:
202420232022
Income Taxes at Federal Statutory Rate$77,047 21.0 %$76,332 21.0 %$75,082 21.0 %
Increases (Decreases) in Tax from:
State Taxes on Income, Net of Federal Tax14,360 3.9 14,429 4.0 15,049 4.2 
Production Tax Credits (PTCs)(20,106)(5.5)(17,394)(4.8)(14,985)(4.2)
Amortization of Excess Deferred Income Taxes(2,788)(0.8)(2,205)(0.6)(1,625)(0.5)
North Dakota Wind Tax Credit Amortization, Net of Federal Tax(586)(0.2)(586)(0.2)(586)(0.2)
Other, Net(2,697)(0.6)(1,278)(0.3)416 0.2 
Income Taxes at Effective Tax Rate$65,230 17.8 %$69,298 19.1 %$73,351 20.5 %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Deferred tax assets and liabilities were composed of the following on December 31, 2024 and 2023:
(in thousands)20242023
Deferred Tax Assets  
Employee Benefits$37,456 $39,959 
Regulatory Liabilities52,664 56,479 
Tax Credit Carryforwards18,268 21,836 
Cost of Removal35,374 32,993 
Asset Retirement Obligations10,948 9,494 
Net Operating Loss Carryforward2,289 2,336 
Other19,449 11,310 
Total Deferred Tax Assets$176,448 $174,407 
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Differences Related to Property$(375,120)$(347,885)
Retirement Benefits Regulatory Asset(22,892)(22,458)
Pension Expense(26,034)(24,875)
Other(20,147)(16,462)
Total Deferred Tax Liabilities(444,193)(411,680)
Deferred Income Taxes$(267,745)$(237,273)
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward
The following table summarizes the activity for unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
(in thousands)202420232022
Balance on January 1$1,489 $923 $827 
Increases (Decreases) for tax positions taken during a prior period
(189)596 44 
Increases for tax positions taken during the current period188 163 260 
Decreases due to settlements with taxing authorities — — 
Decreases as a result of a lapse of applicable statutes of limitations(363)(193)(208)
Balance on December 31$1,125 $1,489 $923