<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-25-085771.txt : 20250829
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250829170049
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-25-085771
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20250826
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250829
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250829

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			TEGNA INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000039899
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	TELEVISION BROADCASTING STATIONS [4833]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	06 Technology
		EIN:				160442930
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-06961
		FILM NUMBER:		251281795

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		8350 BROAD STREET
		STREET 2:		SUITE 2000
		CITY:			TYSONS
		STATE:			VA
		ZIP:			22102-5151
		BUSINESS PHONE:		7038736600

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		8350 BROAD STREET
		STREET 2:		SUITE 2000
		CITY:			TYSONS
		STATE:			VA
		ZIP:			22102-5151

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	GANNETT CO INC /DE/
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19920703
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<p style="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES<br/>
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If an emerging
growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any
new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;13(a) of the Exchange Act. <span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 1in">Item 5.03.</td><td>Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; color: #212529">On August
26, 2025, the Board of Directors (the &#8220;Board of Directors&#8221;) of TEGNA Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) approved amendments
to certain provisions of the Company&#8217;s By-laws, effective immediately.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; color: #212529">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; color: #212529">The By-laws
were amended to eliminate the requirement that a director who has not served as an executive of the Company (a &#8220;Non-Executive Director&#8221;)
retire from the Board of Directors by the Company&#8217;s first annual meeting of stockholders after reaching the age of seventy-three
(73). The amendments further provide (i) that within thirty (30) days of a Non-Executive Director reaching the age of seventy-five (75),
such Non-Executive Director shall offer to submit a letter of resignation (an &#8220;Offer to Resign&#8221;) to the Governance, Public
Policy and Corporate Responsibility Committee of the Board of Directors (the &#8220;Governance Committee&#8221;), which will make a recommendation
to the Board of Directors as to whether to accept or reject such Offer to Resign and (ii) that, if the Board of Directors rejects such
Offer to Resign, the Non-Executive Director may continue to serve as a director of the Company; provided however that such Non-Executive
Director will be required to submit a new Offer to Resign within thirty (30) days following his or her birthday in each subsequent year.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; color: #212529">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; color: #212529">In addition,
the By-laws were amended to eliminate the requirement that a member of the Board of Directors who has served or is serving as the Chief
Executive Officer of the Company retire from the Board of Directors by the Company&#8217;s first annual meeting of stockholders after
reaching the age of seventy-three (73). The amendments further provide (i) that within thirty (30) days of such director reaching the
age of seventy-five (75), such director shall offer to submit an Offer to Resign to the Governance Committee, which will make a recommendation
to the Board of Directors as to whether to accept or reject such Offer to Resign and (ii) that, if the Board of Directors rejects such
Offer to Resign, such director may continue to serve as a director of the Company; provided however that such director will be required
to submit a new Offer to Resign within thirty (30) days following his or her birthday in each subsequent year.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; color: #212529">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; color: #212529">The foregoing
summary of the By-laws does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the By-laws,
which is attached as Exhibit 3.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; color: #212529">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 1in">Item 9.01.</td><td>Financial Statements and Exhibits.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<i>Exhibits.</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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    <p style="border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Exhibit No.</b></p></td>
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    <p style="border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Description</b></p></td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><a href="tm2523861d2_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-size: 10pt">3.1</span></a></td>
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    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">SIGNATURE</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

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    <td colspan="3" style="font-size: 10pt"><b>TEGNA INC.</b></td></tr>
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3" style="font-size: 10pt">(Registrant)</td></tr>
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 3%">By:</td>
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 15%">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt">Alex Tolston</td></tr>
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt">Senior Vice President and Chief Legal Officer</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 5.4pt; text-indent: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Date<i>: </i>August 29, 2025</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 3.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#8239;<IMG SRC="image_001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>By-laws of TEGNA Inc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Reflects all amendments through August 26, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
I.</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><BR>
<BR>
Meetings of Stockholders</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Annual Meeting</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. The annual meeting of the stockholders for the election of directors and for
the transaction of such other business as may come before the meeting shall be held on such date and at such hour as shall each year be
fixed by the Board of Directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Special Meeting</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a). </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Except as otherwise required by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, and subject to the rights of the holders of any class
or series of stock having a preference over the Common Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation, special meetings of the stockholders
may be called only by or at the direction of (i) the Chairman of the Board, (ii) the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution approved
by a majority of the entire Board of Directors or (iii) the Secretary of the Corporation at the written request of stockholders of record
who are acting on behalf of beneficial owners (which may include such stockholders of record) who own not less than twenty five percent
(25%) of the voting power of all shares of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (the &ldquo;Voting
Stock&rdquo;) as of the record date fixed in accordance with these By-Laws to determine who may deliver a written request to call such
special meeting; provided, however, that each such owner must have owned such shares of Voting Stock continuously for the one (1) year
period ending on such record date and must continue to own such shares through the conclusion of the special meeting (such aggregate shares
owned for the requisite period, the &ldquo;<U>Required Percentage</U>&rdquo;).<BR>
<BR>
The Board of Directors shall have the sole authority to interpret the provisions of this Section 2 of Article I of these By-Laws and to
determine whether a stockholder of record or beneficial owner has complied with such provisions. Each such interpretation and determination
shall be set forth in a written resolution filed with the Secretary of the Corporation and shall be binding upon the Corporation and its
stockholders.<BR>
<BR>
At any special meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted or considered as shall have been properly brought before
the meeting pursuant to the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting; provided, however, that nothing herein shall prohibit the Board of
Directors from submitting matters to the stockholders at any special meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>No stockholder may submit a written request to call a special meeting of the stockholders (a &ldquo;<U>Special Meeting Request</U>&rdquo;)
unless a stockholder of record (whether acting for themselves, or at the direction of a beneficial owner) has first submitted to the Secretary
a written request that the Board of Directors fix a record date to determine the stockholders of record who are entitled to deliver a
Special Meeting Request (such record date, the &ldquo;<U>Ownership Record Date</U>&rdquo;). A written request to fix an Ownership Record
Date must include (1) the signature of the stockholder(s) of record submitting such request and the date such request was signed, together
with the identity of the beneficial owner, if any, directing such stockholder of record to submit such request and (2) the text of each
business proposal desired to be submitted for stockholder approval at the special meeting. The Board of Directors may fix the Ownership
Record Date within 10 days of the Secretary&rsquo;s receipt of a valid request to fix the Ownership Record Date complying with the immediately
preceding sentence. The Ownership Record Date shall not precede, and shall not be more than ten (10) days after, the date upon which the
resolution fixing the Ownership Record Date is adopted by the Board of Directors. If an Ownership Record Date is not fixed by the Board
of Directors within the period set forth above, the Ownership Record Date shall be the tenth (10th) day after a valid written request
to fix an Ownership Record Date is received by the Secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>A beneficial owner who wishes to deliver a Special Meeting Request must cause the nominee or other person who serves as the stockholder
of record of such beneficial owner&rsquo;s stock to sign the Special Meeting Request. If a stockholder of record is the nominee for more
than one beneficial owner of stock, the stockholder of record may deliver a Special Meeting Request solely with respect to the Voting
Stock beneficially owned by the beneficial owner who is directing the stockholder of record to sign such Special Meeting Request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Each Special Meeting Request shall include the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>the signature(s) of the stockholder(s) of record submitting such request and the date such request was signed; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>as to the beneficial owner, if any, directing such stockholder of record to sign the Special Meeting Request and as to such
stockholder of record (unless such stockholder of record is acting solely as a nominee for a beneficial owner) (each such beneficial owner
and each stockholder of record who is not acting solely as a nominee, a &ldquo;<U>Disclosing Party</U>&rdquo;) and as to each matter of
business such stockholder intends to bring before the special meeting:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(A)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>all of the information required to be disclosed pursuant to by Article II, Section 4(A) of these By-Laws (which information
shall be supplemented (by delivery to the Secretary) by each Disclosing Party, (1) not later than ten (10) days after the record date
for determining the stockholders of record entitled to notice of and to vote at the special meeting (such record date, the &ldquo;<U>Meeting
Record Date</U>&rdquo;), to disclose the foregoing information as of the Meeting Record Date and (2) not later than the fifth (5th) day
before the special meeting (or any adjournment or postponement thereof), to disclose the foregoing information as of the date that is
ten (10) days prior to the special meeting or any such adjournment or postponement);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(B)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>with respect to each business proposal to be submitted for stockholder approval at the special meeting, a statement whether
or not any Disclosing Party will deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of voting power of
all of the shares of common stock of the corporation required under applicable law to carry such proposal;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(C)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>any additional information reasonably requested by the Corporation to verify the Required Percentage requirements relating
to any such Disclosing Party or otherwise in connection with such Special Meeting Request, in each case within five (5) days of such request
from the Corporation; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(D)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>an acknowledgment by the Disclosing Party that the Special Meeting Request shall be deemed to be revoked (and any meeting
scheduled in response may be cancelled) if the shares of Voting Stock owned by all Disclosing Parties is less than the Required Percentage
at any time between the date the Special Meeting Request is delivered to the Secretary and the date of the applicable special meeting
or any adjournment, recess, rescheduling or postponement thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>Each time a Disclosing Party&rsquo;s ownership position decreases following the delivery of the foregoing information to
the Secretary, such Disclosing Party shall notify the Corporation of his, her or its decreased ownership position, together with all information
necessary to verify such position, within ten (10) days of such decrease or as of the fifth (5th) day before the special meeting, whichever
is earlier.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>The Secretary shall not accept, and shall consider ineffective, a Special Meeting Request:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>that does not comply with the provisions of this Section 2 or the Certificate of Incorporation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>that relates to an item of business that is not a proper subject for stockholder action under applicable law;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>that was made in a manner that involved a violation of Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(the &ldquo;<U>Exchange Act</U>&rdquo;) (including Rule 14a-19, if applicable) or other applicable rule, regulation or law;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(iv)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>if the first date on which a valid Special Meeting Request has been received by the Secretary from holders of the Required
Percentage of Voting Stock occurs during the period commencing ninety (90) days prior to the first anniversary of the date of the immediately
preceding annual meeting and ending on the date of the next annual meeting;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(v)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>if such Special Meeting Request is delivered between the time beginning on the sixtieth (60th) day after the earliest date
of signature on a valid Special Meeting Request that has been delivered to the Secretary relating to an identical or substantially similar
item other than the election or removal of directors (as determined by the Board of Directors, a &ldquo;<U>Similar Item</U>&rdquo;) and
ending on the one-year anniversary of such earliest date;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(vi)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>if a Similar Item will be submitted for stockholder approval at any stockholder meeting to be held on or before the ninetieth
(90th) day after the Secretary receives such Special Meeting Request; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(vii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>if a Similar Item has been presented at any meeting of stockholders held within one hundred eighty (180) days prior to receipt
by the Secretary of such Special Meeting Request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Revocations:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>A stockholder of record may revoke a Special Meeting Request at any time before the special meeting by sending written notice
of such revocation to the Secretary of the Corporation. A beneficial owner that has directed a stockholder of record to request a special
meeting on its behalf may revoke such Special Meeting Request at any time before the special meeting by sending written notice of such
revocation to the Secretary of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>All Special Meeting Requests shall be deemed revoked:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(A)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>upon the first date that, after giving effect to revocation(s) and notices of ownership position decreases (pursuant to
this Section 2(f) and Section 2(d)(iii) of Article I of these By-laws, respectively), the aggregate ownership position of all the Disclosing
Parties who are listed on the unrevoked Special Meeting Requests with respect to a Similar Item decreases to a number of shares of Voting
Stock less than the Required Percentage;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(B)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>if any Disclosing Party who has provided a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of Voting Stock with respect
to any business proposal to be submitted for stockholder approval at such special meeting does not act in accordance with the representations
set forth therein;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(C)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>if any Disclosing Party does not provide the supplemental information required by Section 2(d)(ii) or Section 2(d)(iii),
in accordance with such provisions; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(D)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>any Disclosing Party otherwise fails to comply with the provisions of this Section 2.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>If a deemed revocation of all Special Meeting Requests has occurred after the special meeting has been called by the Secretary,
the Board of Directors shall have the discretion to determine whether or not to proceed with the special meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Place of Meeting</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Meetings of stockholders of the Corporation shall be held at such place,
either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be fixed by the Board of Directors in the case of meetings called by the Board
or called at the request of one (1) or more stockholders, or by the Chairman of the Board in the case of meetings called by the Chairman
of the Board, and specified in the notice of said meeting. The Board of Directors may also determine in its sole discretion that a meeting
shall not be held at any place, but shall instead be held solely by means of remote communication in accordance with Section 211(a) of
the Delaware General Corporation Law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Notice of Meeting</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Except as otherwise permitted or provided by law or these By-Laws, written
notice of each meeting of the stockholders shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting, whether annual
or special, not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the day on which the meeting is to be held. A written waiver of
notice of any meeting of stockholders, signed by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall
be deemed equivalent to notice. Notice of any adjourned meeting of stockholders shall not be required to be given, except where expressly
required by law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 5.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Organization</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. At each meeting of the stockholders, the Chairman of the Board, or in his absence,
the Vice Chairman, or in the absence of both officers, an officer selected by the Chairman of the Board, or if the Chairman of the Board
has made no selection, an officer selected by the Board of Directors, shall act as chairman of the meeting and the Secretary or, in his
absence, an Assistant Secretary, if one be appointed, shall act as secretary of the meeting. In case at any meeting none of the officers
who have been designated to act as chairman or secretary of the meeting, respectively, shall be present, a chairman or secretary of the
meeting, as the case may be, shall be chosen by the vote of a majority in interest of the stockholders of the Corporation present in person
or by proxy and entitled to vote at such meeting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Quorum and Conduct of Meetings</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>At each meeting of the stockholders, except where otherwise provided by law, the holders of a majority of the issued and outstanding
shares of each class of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business
and a majority in amount of such quorum shall decide any questions that may come before the meeting. In the absence of a quorum, a majority
in interest of the stockholders of the Corporation present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote, or, if no stockholder entitled
to vote is present, any officer entitled to preside at, or act as secretary of, such meeting, shall have the power to adjourn the meeting
from time to time until stockholders holding the requisite amount of stock shall be present or represented. At any such adjourned meeting
at which a quorum shall be present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting
shall be announced at the meeting by the chairman of the meeting. The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations
for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations
as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to prescribe such
rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct
of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chairman of the
meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii)
rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iii)&#8239;limitations on attendance at or
participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other
persons as the chairman of the meeting shall determine; (iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement
thereof; (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants; and (vi) restrictions on the use of cell phones,
audio or video recording devices and similar devices at the meeting. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or
the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be conducted in accordance with the rules of parliamentary
procedure.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Voting; Proxies</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>At each meeting of stockholders every stockholder of record of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting shall be entitled
to one vote for each share of stock of the Corporation registered in his name on the books of the Corporation on the record date for such
meeting. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing
without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for him or her by proxy. Such proxy shall be appointed by an instrument
in writing, subscribed by such stockholder or by his attorney thereunto authorized and delivered to the secretary of the meeting, or shall
otherwise be executed and transmitted as may be permissible under applicable law; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that no proxy shall
be voted on after three years from its date unless said proxy provides for a longer period. At all meetings of the stockholders, all matters
(except where other provision is made by statute, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws) shall be decided by the vote
of a majority of the stock present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the meeting. At each meeting of stockholders for the
election of Directors, the voting for Directors need not be by ballot unless the chairman of the meeting or the holders, present in person
or by proxy, of a majority of the stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting shall so determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting
shall be announced at the meeting. No ballot, proxies or votes, nor any revocations thereof or changes thereto, shall be accepted by the
inspectors after the closing of the polls unless a proper court upon application by a stockholder shall determine otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>The Corporation shall, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make
a written report thereof. The Corporation may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails
to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the person presiding at the meeting shall appoint one
or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his or her duties, shall take and sign
an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>The inspectors shall (i) ascertain the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, (ii) determine the shares represented
at a meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots, (iii) count all votes and ballots, (iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period
a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors, (v) certify their determination of the number
of shares represented at the meeting and their count of all votes and ballots, and (vi) perform such other duties as may be required by
law or designated by the Secretary of the Corporation. In performing their duties, the inspectors of election shall follow applicable
law and the instructions of the Secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Any stockholder directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other stockholders must use a proxy card color other than white,
which shall be reserved for exclusive use by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 8.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>List of Stockholders</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. It shall be the duty of the Secretary or other officer of the Corporation
who shall have charge of its stock ledger, either directly or through another officer of the Corporation designated by him or her or through
a transfer agent or transfer clerk appointed by the Board of Directors, to prepare and make available, for a period of at least ten (10)
days ending on the day before every meeting of the stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, arranged
in alphabetical order and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder.
Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours,
for said ten (10) days, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice
of meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where said meeting is to be held. The original or duplicate stock ledger shall be the
only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger, such list or the books of the Corporation, or to vote
in person or by proxy at such meeting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 9.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Stockholder Action</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the
Corporation must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of such holders and may not be effected by any consent in writing
by such holders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 10.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Inclusion of Stockholder Director Nominations in the Corporation&rsquo;s Proxy Materials</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in these By-Laws, the Corporation shall include in its proxy materials for an annual meeting
of stockholders (following the Corporation&rsquo;s annual meeting of stockholders held in 2018) the name, together with the Required Information
(as defined below), of any person nominated for election (the &ldquo;<U>Stockholder Nominee</U>&rdquo;) to the Board of Directors by a
stockholder or group of stockholders that satisfy the requirements of this Section 10, including qualifying as an Eligible Stockholder
(as defined in paragraph&#8239;(d) below) and that expressly elects at the time of providing the written notice required by this Section
10 (a &ldquo;<U>Proxy Access Notice</U>&rdquo;) to have its nominee included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials pursuant to this
Section 10. For the purposes of this Section 10:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(w)&#8239;&ldquo;<U>Voting Stock</U>&rdquo; shall
mean outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally for the election of Directors;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(x)&#8239;&ldquo;<U>Constituent Holder</U>&rdquo;
shall mean any stockholder, collective investment fund included within a Qualifying Fund (as defined in paragraph (d) below) or beneficial
holder whose stock ownership is counted for the purposes of qualifying as holding the Proxy Access Request Required Shares (as defined
in paragraph (d) below) or qualifying as an Eligible Stockholder (as defined in paragraph (d) below);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(y)&#8239;&ldquo;<U>affiliate</U>&rdquo; and &ldquo;<U>associate</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended as of the date hereof (the &ldquo;<U>Securities
Act</U>&rdquo;); <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the term &ldquo;partner&rdquo; as used in the definition of &ldquo;associate&rdquo;
shall not include any limited partner that is not involved in the management of the relevant partnership; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(z)&#8239;a stockholder (including any Constituent
Holder) shall be deemed to &ldquo;own&rdquo; only those outstanding shares of Voting Stock as to which the stockholder itself (or such
Constituent Holder itself) possesses both (i) the full voting and investment rights pertaining to the shares and (ii) the full economic
interest in (including the opportunity for profit and risk of loss on) such shares. The number of shares calculated in accordance with
the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii) shall be deemed not to include (and to the extent any of the following arrangements have been entered
into by affiliates of the stockholder (or of any Constituent Holder), shall be reduced by) any shares (x) sold by such stockholder or
Constituent Holder (or any of either&rsquo;s affiliates) in any transaction that has not been settled or closed, including any short sale,
(y) borrowed by such stockholder or Constituent Holder (or any of either&rsquo;s affiliates) for any purposes or purchased by such stockholder
or Constituent Holder (or any of either&rsquo;s affiliates) pursuant to an agreement to resell, or (z) subject to any option, warrant,
forward contract, swap, contract of sale, other derivative or similar agreement entered into by such stockholder or Constituent Holder
(or any of either&rsquo;s affiliates), whether any such instrument or agreement is to be settled with shares, cash or other consideration,
in any such case which instrument or agreement has, or is intended to have, or if exercised by either party thereto would have, the purpose
or effect of (aa) reducing in any manner, to any extent or at any time in the future, such stockholder&rsquo;s or Constituent Holder&rsquo;s
(or any of either&rsquo;s affiliates&rsquo;) full right to vote or direct the voting of any such shares, and/or (bb) hedging, offsetting
or altering to any degree gain or loss arising from the full economic ownership of such shares by such stockholder or Constituent Holder
(or any of either&rsquo;s affiliates), other than any such arrangements solely involving an exchange listed multi-industry market index
fund in which Voting Stock represents at the time of entry into such arrangement less than ten percent (10%) of the proportionate value
of such index. A stockholder (including any Constituent Holder) shall &ldquo;own&rdquo; shares held in the name of a nominee or other
intermediary so long as the stockholder itself (or such Constituent Holder itself) retains the right to instruct how the shares are voted
with respect to the election of Directors and the right to direct the disposition thereof and possesses the full economic interest in
the shares. A stockholder&rsquo;s (including any Constituent Holder&rsquo;s) ownership of shares shall be deemed to continue during any
period in which such person has (xx) loaned such shares, <U>provided</U> that such stockholder has the power to recall such loaned shares
on not more than five (5) business days&rsquo; notice and includes in its Proxy Access Notice an agreement that it (1)&#8239;will promptly
recall such loaned shares upon being notified that any of its Stockholder Nominees will be included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials
and (2)&#8239;will continue to hold such recalled shares through the date of the annual meeting, or (yy) delegated any voting power over
such shares by means of a proxy, power of attorney or other instrument or arrangement which in all such cases is revocable at any time
by the stockholder. The terms &ldquo;owned,&rdquo; &ldquo;owning&rdquo; and other variations of the word &ldquo;own&rdquo; shall have
correlative meanings.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>For purposes of this Section 10, the &ldquo;<U>Required Information</U>&rdquo; that the Corporation will include in its proxy statement
is (x) the information concerning the Stockholder Nominee and the Eligible Stockholder that the Corporation determines is required to
be disclosed in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement by the regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act; and (y)&#8239;if the Eligible
Stockholder so elects, a Statement (as defined in paragraph (f) below). The Corporation shall also include the name of the Stockholder
Nominee in its proxy card. For the avoidance of doubt, and any other provision of these By-Laws notwithstanding, the Corporation may in
its sole discretion solicit against, and include in the proxy statement its own statements or other information relating to, any Eligible
Stockholder and/or Stockholder Nominee, including any information provided to the Corporation with respect to the foregoing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>To be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s Proxy Access Notice, together with all related materials provided for herein, must be delivered
to the principal executive offices of the Corporation within the time periods applicable to stockholder notices of nominations pursuant
to Article II of these By-Laws. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting, the date of which has been announced
by the Corporation, commence a new time period for the giving of a Proxy Access Notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>The number of Stockholder Nominees (including Stockholder Nominees that were submitted by an Eligible Stockholder for inclusion
in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 10 but either are subsequently withdrawn (or withdraw) or that the
Board of Directors decides to nominate as Board of Directors&rsquo; nominees) appearing in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials with
respect to an annual meeting of stockholders shall not exceed the greater of (x) two (2) and (y) the largest whole number that does not
exceed twenty percent (20%) of the number of directors in office as of the last day on which a Proxy Access Notice may be delivered in
accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 10 (such greater number, the &ldquo;<U>Permitted Number</U>&rdquo;); <U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, that the Permitted Number shall be reduced by:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>the number of such director candidates for which the Corporation shall have received one or more valid stockholder notices
nominating director candidates pursuant to Article II, Section 4 of these By-Laws;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>the number of directors in office or director candidates that in either case will be included in the Corporation&rsquo;s
proxy materials with respect to such annual meeting as an unopposed (by the Corporation) nominee pursuant to an agreement, arrangement
or other understanding with a stockholder or group of stockholders (other than any such agreement, arrangement or understanding entered
into in connection with an acquisition of Voting Stock, by such stockholder or group of stockholders, directly from the Corporation),
other than any such director referred to in this clause (ii) who at the time of such annual meeting will have served as a director continuously,
as a nominee of the Board of Directors, for at least two (2) annual terms; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>the number of directors in office that will be included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials with respect to such
annual meeting for whom access to the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials was previously provided pursuant to this Section 10, other than
any such director referred to in this clause (iii) who at the time of such annual meeting will have served as a director continuously,
as a nominee of the Board of Directors, for at least two (2) annual terms;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><U>provided</U>, <U>further</U>, that in the event the Board of Directors
resolves to reduce the size of the Board of Directors effective on or prior to the date of the annual meeting, the Permitted Number shall
be calculated based on the number of directors in office as so reduced. In the event that the number of Stockholder Nominees submitted
by Eligible Stockholders pursuant to this Section 10 exceeds the Permitted Number, each Eligible Stockholder will select one (1) Stockholder
Nominee for inclusion in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials until the Permitted Number is reached, going in order of the amount (largest
to smallest) of shares of Voting Stock each Eligible Stockholder disclosed as owned in its Proxy Access Notice submitted to the Corporation.
If the Permitted Number is not reached after each Eligible Stockholder has selected one (1) Stockholder Nominee, this selection process
will continue as many times as necessary, following the same order each time, until the Permitted Number is reached.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>An &ldquo;<U>Eligible Stockholder</U>&rdquo; is one or more stockholders of record who own and have owned, or are acting on behalf
of one or more beneficial owners who own and have owned (in each case as defined above), in each case continuously for at least three
(3) years as of both the date that the Proxy Access Notice is received by the Corporation pursuant to this Section 10, and as of the record
date for determining stockholders eligible to vote at the annual meeting, at least three percent (3%) of the aggregate voting power of
the Voting Stock (the &ldquo;<U>Proxy Access Request Required Shares</U>&rdquo;), and who continue to own the Proxy Access Request Required
Shares at all times between the date such Proxy Access Notice is received by the Corporation and the date of the applicable annual meeting,
<U>provided</U> that the aggregate number of stockholders, and, if and to the extent that a stockholder is acting on behalf of one or
more beneficial owners, of such beneficial owners, whose stock ownership is counted for the purpose of satisfying the foregoing ownership
requirement shall not exceed twenty&#8239;(20). Two or more collective investment funds that are (x) part of the same family of funds or
(y)&#8239;a &ldquo;group of investment companies&rdquo; as such term is defined in Section 12(d)(l)(G)(ii) of the Investment Company Act
of 1940 (a &ldquo;<U>Qualifying Fund</U>&rdquo;) shall be treated as one stockholder for the purpose of determining the aggregate number
of stockholders in this paragraph (d), <U>provided</U> that each fund included within a Qualifying Fund otherwise meets the requirements
set forth in this Section 10, including by providing the required information and materials. No shares may be attributed to more than
one group constituting an Eligible Stockholder under this Section 10 (and, for the avoidance of doubt, no stockholder may be a member
of more than one group constituting an Eligible Stockholder). A record holder acting on behalf of one or more beneficial owners will not
be counted separately as a stockholder with respect to the shares owned by beneficial owners on whose behalf such record holder has been
directed in writing to act, but each such beneficial owner will be counted separately, subject to the other provisions of this paragraph
(d), for purposes of determining the number of stockholders whose holdings may be considered as part of an Eligible Stockholder&rsquo;s
holdings. For the avoidance of doubt, Proxy Access Request Required Shares will qualify as such if and only if the beneficial owner of
such shares as of the date of the Proxy Access Notice has itself individually beneficially owned such shares continuously for the three-year
(3-year) period ending on that date and through the other applicable dates referred to in this paragraph (in addition to the other applicable
requirements being met).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>No later than the final date when a nomination pursuant to this Section 10 may be delivered to the Corporation, an Eligible Stockholder
(including each Constituent Holder) must provide the following information in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>with respect to each Constituent Holder, the name and address of, and number of shares of Voting Stock owned by, such person;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>one or more written statements from the record holder of the shares (and from each intermediary through which the shares
are or have been held during the requisite three-year (3-year) holding period) verifying that, as of a date within seven (7) calendar
days prior to the date the Proxy Access Notice is delivered to the Corporation, such person owns, and has owned continuously for the preceding
three (3) years, the Proxy Access Request Required Shares, and such person&rsquo;s agreement to provide:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(A)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>within ten (10) days after the record date for the annual meeting, written statements from the record holder and intermediaries
verifying such person&rsquo;s continuous ownership of the Proxy Access Request Required Shares through the record date, together with
any additional information reasonably requested to verify such person&rsquo;s ownership of the Proxy Access Request Required Shares; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(B)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>immediate notice if the Eligible Stockholder ceases to own any of the Proxy Access Request Required Shares prior to the
date of the applicable annual meeting of stockholders;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>any information relating to such Eligible Stockholder (including any Constituent Holder) and their respective affiliates
or associates or others acting in concert therewith, and any information relating to such Eligible Stockholder&rsquo;s Stockholder Nominee(s),
in each case that would be required to be provided by stockholders who submit notices of nomination pursuant to Article II, Section 10
of these By-Laws;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(iv)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings
during the past three (3) years, and any other material relationships, between or among the Eligible Stockholder (including any Constituent
Holder) and its or their respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the one hand, and each of such
Eligible Stockholder&rsquo;s Stockholder Nominee(s), and his or her respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert
therewith, on the other hand, including without limitation all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Rule 404
promulgated under Regulation S-K if the Eligible Stockholder (including any Constituent Holder), or any affiliate or associate thereof
or person acting in concert therewith, were the &ldquo;registrant&rdquo; for purposes of such rule and the Stockholder Nominee or any
affiliate or associate thereof or person acting in concert therewith were a director or executive officer of such registrant;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(v)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>a representation that the Eligible Stockholder (and each Constituent Holder):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(A)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>acquired the Proxy Access Request Required Shares in the ordinary course of business and not with the intent to change or
influence control of the Corporation, and does not presently have any such intent;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(B)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>has not nominated and will not nominate for election to the Board of Directors at the annual meeting any person other than
the Stockholder Nominee(s) being nominated pursuant to this Section 10;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&#8239;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(C)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>has not engaged and will not engage in, and has not and will not be a &ldquo;participant&rdquo; in another person&rsquo;s,
 &ldquo;solicitation&rdquo; within the meaning of Rule l4a-l(l) under the Exchange Act in support of the election of any individual as
a director at the annual meeting other than its Stockholder Nominee(s) or a nominee of the Board of Directors;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(D)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>will not distribute to any stockholder any form of proxy for the annual meeting other than the form distributed by the Corporation;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(E)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>will provide facts, statements and other information in all communications with the Corporation and its stockholders that
are and will be true and correct in all material respects and do not and will not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to
make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and will otherwise comply with all
applicable laws, rules and regulations in connection with any actions taken pursuant to this Section 10;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(vi)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>in the case of a nomination by a group of stockholders that together is such an Eligible Stockholder, the designation by
all group members of one group member that is authorized to act on behalf of all members of the nominating stockholder group with respect
to the nomination and matters related thereto, including withdrawal of the nomination; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(vii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>an undertaking that the Eligible Stockholder (and each Constituent Holder) agrees to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(A)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>assume all liability stemming from, and indemnify and hold harmless the Corporation and each of its directors, officers,
and employees individually against any liability, loss or damages in connection with any threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding,
whether legal, administrative or investigative, against the Corporation or any of its directors, officers or employees arising out of
any legal or regulatory violation arising out of the Eligible Stockholder&rsquo;s (and any Constituent Holder&rsquo;s) communications
with the stockholders of the Corporation or out of the information that the Eligible Stockholder (or any Constituent Holder) provided
to the Corporation in connection with the nomination of the Stockholder Nominee(s) or efforts to elect the Stockholder Nominee(s); and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(B)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>file with the Securities and Exchange Commission any solicitation by the Eligible Stockholder of stockholders of the Corporation
relating to the annual meeting at which the Stockholder Nominee will be nominated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, no later than the final date when
a nomination pursuant to this Section 10 may be delivered to the Corporation, a Qualifying Fund whose stock ownership is counted for purposes
of qualifying as an Eligible Stockholder must provide to the Secretary of the Corporation documentation reasonably satisfactory to the
Board of Directors that demonstrates that the funds included within the Qualifying Fund satisfy the definition thereof. In order to be
considered timely, any information required by this Section 10 to be provided to the Corporation must be supplemented (by delivery to
the Secretary of the Corporation) (x) no later than ten (10) days following the record date for the applicable annual meeting, to disclose
the foregoing information as of such record date, and (y)&#8239;no later than the fifth (5th) day before the annual meeting, to disclose
the foregoing information as of the date that is no earlier than ten (10) days prior to such annual meeting. For the avoidance of doubt,
the requirement to update and supplement such information shall not permit any Eligible Stockholder or other person to change or add any
proposed Stockholder Nominee or be deemed to cure any defects or limit the remedies (including without limitation under these By-Laws)
available to the Corporation relating to any defect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>The Eligible Stockholder may provide to the Secretary of the Corporation, at the time the information required by this Section
10 is originally provided, a written statement for inclusion in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement for the annual meeting, not to
exceed five hundred&#8239;(500) words, in support of the candidacy of such Eligible Stockholder&rsquo;s Stockholder Nominee. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary contained in this Section 10, the Corporation may omit from its proxy materials any information or Statement
that it, in good faith, believes is materially false or misleading, omits to state any material fact, impugns the character, integrity
or personal reputation of a person or makes charges concerning improper, illegal or immoral conduct or associations, in each case without
factual foundation or would violate any applicable law or regulation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>No later than the final date when a nomination pursuant to this Section 10 may be delivered to the Corporation, each Stockholder
Nominee must:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>deliver to the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation the written questionnaire and written representation
and agreement required by Article II, Section 5 of these By-Laws; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>provide such additional information as necessary to permit the Board of Directors to determine if such Stockholder Nominee:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(A)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>is independent under the listing standards of each principal U.S. exchange upon which the common stock of the Corporation
is listed, any applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors
in determining and disclosing the independence of the Corporation&rsquo;s directors;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(B)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>has any direct or indirect relationship with the Corporation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(C)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>would, by serving on the Board of Directors, violate or cause the Corporation to be in violation of these By-Laws, the Certificate
of Incorporation, the rules and listing standards of the principal U.S. exchange upon which the common stock of the Corporation is listed
or any applicable law, rule or regulation; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(D)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>is or has been subject to any event specified in Item 401(f) of Regulation&#8239;S-K (or successor rule) of the Securities
and Exchange Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event that any information or communication
provided by the Eligible Stockholder (or any Constituent Holder) or the Stockholder Nominee to the Corporation or its stockholders ceases
to be true and correct in all material respects or omits a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading, each Eligible Stockholder or Stockholder Nominee, as the case may be, shall promptly notify
the Secretary of the Corporation of any defect in such previously provided information and of the information that is required to correct
any such defect; it being understood for the avoidance of doubt that providing any such notification shall not be deemed to cure any such
defect or limit the remedies (including without limitation under these By-Laws available to the Corporation relating to any such defect).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Any Stockholder Nominee who is included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials for a particular annual meeting of stockholders
but either (x) withdraws from or becomes ineligible or unavailable for election at that annual meeting (other than by reason of such Stockholder
Nominee&rsquo;s disability or other health reason), or (y) does not receive votes cast in favor of the Stockholder Nominee&rsquo;s election
of at least twenty percent (20%) of the shares represented in person or by proxy at the annual meeting, will be ineligible to be a Stockholder
Nominee pursuant to this Section 10 for the next two (2) annual meetings. Any Stockholder Nominee who is included in the Corporation&rsquo;s
proxy statement for a particular annual meeting of stockholders, but subsequently is determined not to satisfy the eligibility requirements
of this Section 10 or any other provision of these By-Laws, the Certificate of Incorporation or other applicable regulation any time before
the annual meeting of stockholders, will not be eligible for election at the relevant annual meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>The Corporation shall not be required to include, pursuant to this Section 10, a Stockholder Nominee in its proxy materials for
any annual meeting of stockholders, or, if the proxy statement already has been filed, to allow the nomination of a Stockholder Nominee,
notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>who is not independent under the listing standards of the principal U.S. exchange upon which the common stock of the Corporation
is listed, any applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors
in determining and disclosing independence of the Corporation&rsquo;s directors, in each case as determined by the Board of Directors;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>whose service as a member of the Board of Directors would violate or cause the Corporation to be in violation of these By-Laws,
the Certificate of Incorporation, the rules and listing standards of the principal U.S. exchange upon which the common stock of the Corporation
is traded, or any applicable law, rule or regulation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>who is or has been a named subject of a pending criminal proceeding (excluding non-criminal traffic violations), has been
convicted of a criminal proceeding within the past ten (10) years, or is or has been a named subject of any legal, regulatory or self-regulatory
action or settlement as a result of which the service of such Stockholder Nominee on the Board of Directors would result in any restrictions
on the ability of any of the Corporation or its affiliates to conduct business in any jurisdiction;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(iv)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>who is subject to any order of the type specified in Rule 506(d) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(v)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>who is or has been, within the past five (5) years, an employee, officer or director of, or otherwise affiliated with, a
 &ldquo;competitor,&rdquo; as defined in Section 8 of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(vi)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>if the Eligible Stockholder (or any Constituent Holder) or applicable Stockholder Nominee breaches or fails to comply with
its obligations pursuant to subsection (e)(v)(E) of this Section 10;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(vii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>if the Eligible Stockholder (or any Constituent Holder) or applicable Stockholder Nominee otherwise breaches or fails to
comply in any material respect with its obligations pursuant to this Section 10 or any agreement, representation or undertaking required
by this Section; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(viii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>if the Eligible Stockholder ceases to be an Eligible Stockholder for any reason, including but not limited to not owning
the Proxy Access Request Required Shares through the date of the applicable annual meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">For the purposes of this paragraph (i): (x)&#8239;clauses
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v), and, to the extent related to a breach or failure by the Stockholder Nominee, clause (vii) will result
in the exclusion from the proxy materials pursuant to this Section 10 of the specific Stockholder Nominee to whom the ineligibility applies,
or, if the proxy statement already has been filed, the ineligibility of such Stockholder Nominee to be nominated; (y)&#8239;clause (viii)
and, to the extent related to a breach or failure by an Eligible Stockholder (or any Constituent Holder), clauses (vi) and (vii) will
result in the Voting Stock owned by such Eligible Stockholder (or Constituent Holder) being excluded from the Proxy Access Request Required
Shares (and, if as a result the Proxy Access Notice shall no longer have been filed by an Eligible Stockholder, the exclusion from the
proxy materials pursuant to this Section&#8239;10 of all of the applicable stockholder&rsquo;s Stockholder Nominees from the applicable
annual meeting of stockholders or, if the proxy statement has already been filed, the ineligibility of all of such stockholder&rsquo;s
Stockholder Nominees to be nominated), and such Eligible Stockholder&rsquo;s (or Constituent Holder&rsquo;s) ineligibility to be an Eligible
Stockholder (or Constituent Holder, as applicable) for the next two annual meetings following the applicable annual meeting; and (z) clause
(vi) will result in, to the extent related to a breach or failure by the Stockholder Nominee, such Stockholder Nominee&rsquo;s ineligibility
to be a Stockholder Nominee pursuant to this Section 10 for the next two (2) annual meetings following the applicable annual meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
II.</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><BR>
<BR>
Board of Directors</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>General Power</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. The property, business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or
under the direction of the Board of Directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Number and Terms</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Except as otherwise fixed pursuant to the provisions of Article&#8239;FOURTH
of the Certificate of Incorporation relating to the rights of the holders of any class or series of stock having a preference over the
Common Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the number of the directors
of the Corporation shall be fixed from time to time by majority vote of the entire Board of Directors. Without limiting the term of any
director previously elected, any director elected to the Board of Directors after the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2007
shall hold office until the first annual meeting of stockholders following his or her election and until his or her successor shall have
been duly elected and qualified or until the director &lsquo;s prior death, resignation or removal.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Qualifications of Directors</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Subject to the terms of this Article II, Section 3, a director
who has not served as an executive of the Corporation (a &ldquo;Non-Executive Director&rdquo;) shall be eligible to serve as a member
of the Board of Directors until reaching the age of seventy-five (75). Within thirty (30) days after reaching the age of seventy-five
(75), a Non-Executive Director shall offer to submit a letter of resignation (an &ldquo;Offer to Resign&rdquo;) to the Governance, Public
Policy and Corporate Responsibility Committee (&ldquo;Governance Committee&rdquo;) for its consideration. The Governance Committee will
make a recommendation to the Board of Directors as to whether to accept or reject the Offer to Resign. If the Board of Directors rejects
the Non-Executive Director&rsquo;s Offer to Resign, the Non-Executive Director may continue to serve as a director of the Corporation;
provided, however, that such Non-Executive Director will be required to submit to the Governance Committee a new Offer to Resign within
thirty (30) days following his or her birthday in each subsequent year for as long as such director remains a director of the Corporation.
</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">A director who has served as an executive of the
Corporation shall be eligible to serve as a member of the Board of Directors until the first annual meeting of stockholders following
his or her sixty-fifth (65th) birthday, and if such executive has served or is serving as the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation,
the age of eligibility for his or her Board service may be extended past age sixty-five (65) if the Board of Directors, in its sole discretion,
deems it advisable under the circumstances; provided, however, that within thirty (30) days after reaching the age of seventy-five (75),
such director shall submit an Offer to Resign to the Governance Committee for its consideration. The Governance Committee will make a
recommendation to the Board of Directors as to whether to accept or reject the Offer to Resign. If the Board of Directors rejects such
director&rsquo;s Offer to Resign, the director may continue to serve as a director of the Corporation; provided, however, that such director
will be required to submit to the Governance Committee a new Offer to Resign within thirty (30) days following his or her birthday in
each subsequent year for as long as such director remains a director of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding the foregoing, no one who has at
any time served as an executive of the Corporation (other than as the Chief Executive Officer) shall be eligible to serve as a member
of the Board of Directors after the first annual meeting of stockholders following the date on which he or she retires under the Corporation&rsquo;s
retirement plan. Any person who has at any time served as the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation shall be eligible to serve as
a member of the Board of Directors after the first annual meeting of stockholders following the date on which he or she retires under
the Corporation&rsquo;s retirement plan if the Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, deems it advisable under the circumstances;
provided, however, that the other qualifications for his or her service as a member of the Board of Directors under these By-Laws (including
this Section 3) are met.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Notice of Stockholder Business and Nominations</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(A)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Annual Meetings of Stockholders</U>. (1)&#8239;Subject to the rights of any class or series of stock having a preference
over the Common Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation to elect directors under specified circumstances, nominations of persons for
election to the Board of Directors and the proposal of other business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting
of stockholders (a) pursuant to the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting, (b) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (c) by
any stockholder of the Corporation who (i) was a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this By-Law and
at the time of the annual meeting, (ii) is entitled to vote at the meeting and (iii) complies with the notice procedures set forth in
this By-Law as to such business or nomination, or (d) pursuant to Article I, Section 10 of these By-Laws; clauses (c) and (d) of this
Section 4(A) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make nominations or submit other business (other than matters properly
brought under Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act or pursuant to Section 10 of Article I of these By-Laws and included in the Corporation&rsquo;s
notice of meeting) before an annual meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.3in">(2) Without qualification, for any
nominations or any other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to Article II, Section
4(A)(l)(c) of this By-Law, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation and
such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice shall be
delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the one
hundred twentieth&#8239;(120th) day and not later than the close of business on the one hundredth (100th) day prior to the
first&#8239;(1st) anniversary of the preceding year&rsquo;s annual meeting; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that in the event that
the date of the annual meeting is more than thirty&#8239;(30) days before or more than sixty&#8239;(60) days after such anniversary
date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred
twentieth (120th) day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the one hundredth
(100th) day prior to such annual meeting or, if the first public announcement of the date of such annual meeting is less than one
hundred ten (110) days prior to such annual meeting, the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date
of such meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or the
announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice as described above. To be in proper
form, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice (whether given pursuant to this Section 4(A)(2) or Section 4(B)) to the Secretary of the
Corporation must: (a) set forth, as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the
nomination or proposal is made (i) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation&rsquo;s books, and of
such beneficial owner, if any, (ii) (A) the class or series and number of shares of the Corporation which are, directly or
indirectly, owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and such beneficial owner, (B)&#8239;any option, warrant,
convertible security, stock appreciation right, or similar right with an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or
mechanism at a price related to any class or series of shares of the Corporation or with a value derived in whole or in part from
the value of any class or series of shares of the Corporation, whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to
settlement in the underlying class or series of capital stock of the Corporation or otherwise (a &ldquo;<U>Derivative
Instrument</U>&rdquo;) directly or indirectly owned beneficially by such stockholder and any other direct or indirect opportunity to
profit or share in any profit derived from any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation, (C) any proxy,
contract, arrangement, understanding, or relationship pursuant to which such stockholder has a right to vote any shares of any
security of the Corporation, (D) any short interest in any security of the Corporation (for purposes of these By-Laws a person shall
be deemed to have a short interest in a security if such person directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement,
understanding, relationship or otherwise, has the opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any decrease in the
value of the subject security), (E) any rights to dividends on the shares of the Corporation owned beneficially by such stockholder
that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (F)&#8239;any proportionate interest in shares of the
Corporation or Derivative Instruments held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership in which such stockholder is
a general partner or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner and (G) any performance-related
fees (other than an asset-based fee) that such stockholder is entitled to based on any increase or decrease in the value of shares
of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments, if any, as of the date of such notice, including without limitation any such interests
held by members of such stockholder&rsquo;s immediate family sharing the same household (which information shall be supplemented by
such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, not later than ten&#8239;(10) days after the record date for the meeting to disclose
such ownership as of the record date), (iii) if the stockholder, any beneficial owner or any of their respective affiliates or
associates, or others acting in concert therewith, intends to engage in a solicitation with respect to a nomination or other
business pursuant to this Section 4, a statement disclosing the name of each participant in such solicitation (as defined in Item 4
of Schedule 14A under the Exchange Act) and if involving a nomination, a representation that such stockholder, such beneficial owner
or any of their respective affiliates or associates, or others acting in concert, therewith intends to deliver a proxy statement and
form of proxy to holders of at least sixty-seven percent (67%) of the Voting Stock, and (iv) any other information relating to such
stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to
be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for, as applicable, the proposal and/or for the election of Directors in a
contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act; (b) if the notice relates to any business other than a nomination of
a director or directors that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, set forth (i) a brief description of the business
desired to be brought before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest of such
stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, in such business and (ii) a description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings
between such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with
the proposal of such business by such stockholder; (c) set forth, as to each person, if any, whom the stockholder proposes to
nominate for election or reelection as a director (i) all information relating to such person that would be required to be disclosed
in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of Directors in a
contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act (including such person&rsquo;s written consent to being named in any
proxy materials (including a form of proxy card) relating to the Corporation&rsquo;s next annual meeting or special meeting, as
applicable, as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected) and (ii) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and
other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three years, and any other material
relationships, between or among such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, and their respective affiliates and associates, or
others acting in concert therewith, on the one hand, and each proposed nominee, and his or her respective affiliates and associates,
or others acting in concert therewith, on the other hand, including, without limitation all information that would be required to be
disclosed pursuant to Rule 404 promulgated under Regulation S-K if the stockholder making the nomination and any beneficial owner on
whose behalf the nomination is made, if any, or any affiliate or associate thereof or person acting in concert therewith, were the
 &ldquo;registrant&rdquo; for purposes of such rule and the nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant; and (d)
with respect to each nominee for election or reelection to the Board of Directors, include the completed and signed questionnaire,
representation and agreement required by Article II, Section 5 of these By-Laws. The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to
furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed
nominee to serve as an independent director of the Corporation or that could be material to a reasonable stockholder&rsquo;s
understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.3in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.3in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.3in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.3in">(3) Notwithstanding anything in the second
sentence of Article II, Section 4(A)(2) of this By-Law to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to
the Board of Directors of the Corporation is increased and there is no public announcement by the Corporation naming all of the
nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased Board of Directors at least one hundred ten&#8239;(110) days prior to
the first&#8239;(1st) anniversary of the preceding year&rsquo;s annual meeting, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice required by this By-Law
shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be
delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of
business on the 10th day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.3in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(B)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Special Meetings of Stockholders</U>. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall
have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of a special meeting called pursuant to and in accordance
with Article I, Section 2 of these By-Laws. Subject to the rights of any class or series of stock having a preference over the Common
Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation to elect directors under specified circumstances, nominations of persons for election to the
Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the Corporation&rsquo;s
notice of meeting (a) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (b)&#8239;<U>provided</U> that the directors are to be elected
at a special meeting called pursuant to and in accordance with Article I, Section 2 of these By-Laws, by any stockholder of the Corporation
who (i) is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this By-Law and at the time of the special meeting,
(ii) is entitled to vote at the meeting and (iii) complies with the notice procedures set forth in this By-Law as to such nomination.
For the avoidance of doubt, subject to Section 2 of Article I hereof, the foregoing clause (b) of this Section 4(B) of Article II shall
be the exclusive means for a stockholder to propose nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors at a special meeting
of stockholders. To be timely, subject to Article I, Section 2 of these By-Laws, a stockholder may nominate a person or persons (as the
case may be) for election to such position(s) as specified in the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting, if the stockholder&rsquo;s notice
required by Article II, Section 4(A)(2) of these By-Laws with respect to any nomination (including the completed and signed questionnaire,
representation and agreement required by Article II, Section 5 of these By-Laws), in addition to any other applicable requirements, shall
be delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business
on the 120th day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 100th day prior to the date
of such special meeting or, if the first public announcement of the date of such special meeting is less than one hundred ten (110) days
prior to the date of such special meeting, the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date
of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting. In no event shall any adjournment
or postponement of a special meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice
as described above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(C)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>General</U>. (1)&#8239;Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this By-Law
shall be eligible to serve as directors and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought
before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this By-Law. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of
Incorporation or these By-Laws, the Chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business
proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this
By-Law and, if any proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with this By-Law, to declare that such defective proposal or nomination
shall be disregarded. Unless otherwise required by law, if a stockholder or group of stockholders provides notice under Rule 14a-19 and
subsequently: (i) notifies the Corporation that such stockholder or group of stockholders no longer intends to solicit proxies in support
of director nominees other than the Corporation&rsquo;s director nominees in accordance with Rule 14a-19; (ii) fails to comply with the
requirements of Rule 14a-19; or (iii) fails to provide reasonable evidence sufficient to satisfy the Corporation that the requirements
of Rule 14a-19 have been met, then the stockholder&rsquo;s or group of stockholders&rsquo; nominations shall be deemed null and void and
the Company shall disregard any proxies or votes solicited for any nominee proposed by such stockholder or group of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(D)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.9in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.3in">(1) For purposes of this By-Law,
 &ldquo;public announcement&rdquo; shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by national news service or in a document
publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange
Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.3in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.3in">(2) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions
of this By-Law, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations
thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this By-Law; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that any references in these
By-Laws to the Exchange Act or the rules promulgated thereunder are not intended to and shall not limit the requirements applicable
to nominations or proposals as to any other business to be considered pursuant to Section 4(A)(l )(c) or Section 4(B) of this
By-Law. Nothing in this By-Law shall be deemed to affect any rights (i) of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the
Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act or (ii) of the holders of any series of Preferred
Stock if and to the extent provided for under law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.3in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.3in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&#8239;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.3in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 5.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Submission of Questionnaire, Representation and Agreement</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. To be eligible to be a nominee
for election or reelection as a director of the Corporation, a person must deliver (in accordance with the time periods prescribed for
delivery of notice under Article II, Section 4 of these By-Laws) to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices
of the Corporation a written questionnaire with respect to the background, qualification and experience of such person and the background
of any other person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary upon
written request) and a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that such person
(A) will abide by the requirements of Article II, Section 6 of these By-Laws, (B) is not and will not become a party to (I) any agreement,
arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such person, if elected
as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a &ldquo;<U>Voting Commitment</U>&rdquo;) that has not been
disclosed to the Corporation or (2) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person&rsquo;s ability to comply, if
elected as a director of the Corporation, with such person&rsquo;s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (C) is not and will not become
a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct
or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed
therein, (D) any shares of stock of the Corporation beneficially owned by such person were purchased with any financial assistance provided
by any other person and whether any other person has any interest in the shares of stock of the Corporation beneficially owned by such
person, and (E) in such person&rsquo;s individual capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being
made, would be in compliance, if elected as a director of the Corporation, and will comply with all applicable publicly disclosed corporate
governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Election</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Except as provided in Section 8 of this Article or as otherwise required by law
or by the Certificate of Incorporation, each director shall be elected by the vote of the majority of the votes cast with respect to the
director at any meeting for the election of Directors at which a quorum is present, <U>provided</U> that if on the record date for such
meeting the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected, the directors shall be elected by the vote of a plurality
of the shares represented in person or by proxy at any such meeting and entitled to vote on the election of Directors. For purposes of
this Section 6, a majority of the votes cast means that the number of shares voted &ldquo;for&rdquo; a director must exceed 50% of the
votes cast with respect to that director. If a nominee who is already serving as a director is not elected, the director shall offer to
tender his or her resignation to the Board of Directors. The Nominating and Public Responsibility Committee will make a recommendation
to the Board of Directors on whether to accept or reject the resignation, or whether other action should be taken. The Board of Directors
will act on the Committee&rsquo;s recommendation and publicly disclose its decision and the rationale behind it within ninety (90) days
from the date of the certification of the election results. The director who tenders his or her resignation will not participate in the
Board of Directors&rsquo; decision. Each Director shall hold office until his or her successor shall be duly elected and qualified, or
until death, resignation or removal in the manner hereinafter provided, or until he or she shall cease to qualify.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Resignation</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Any Director of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving notice in writing
or by electronic transmission to the Corporation. The resignation of any Director shall take effect at the time specified therein, and,
unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 8.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Newly Created Directorships and Vacancies</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Except as otherwise fixed pursuant to the provisions
of Article FOURTH of the Certificate of Incorporation relating to the rights of the holders of any class or series of stock having preference
over the Common Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, newly created directorships
resulting from any increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation,
disqualification, removal or other cause shall be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office,
even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office
until the next succeeding annual meeting of stockholders following such director&rsquo;s election and until such director&rsquo;s successor
shall have been elected and qualified. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term
of any incumbent director.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 9.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>First Meeting</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. After each annual election of Directors and on the same day, the Board of Directors
may meet for the purpose of organization, the election of officers and the transaction of other business at the place where regular meetings
of the Board of Directors are held. Notice of such meeting need not be given. Such meeting may be held at any other time or place, which
shall be specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the Board of Directors or which is approved by all
the Directors by consent in writing or by electronic transmission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 10.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><U>Regular Meeting</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such places and
at such times as may from time to time be fixed by the Board. Notice of regular meetings need not be given.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 11.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><U>Special Meeting</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall
be held at any time upon the call of the Chairman of the Board or any two of the Directors. Notice of each such meeting shall be mailed
to each Director, addressed to him or her at his or her residence or usual place of business, at least three (3) days before the day on
which the meeting is to be held, or shall be sent to him or her by telegraph, cable, wireless or electronic transmission so addressed
or shall be delivered personally or by telephone at least twenty-four (24) hours before the time the meeting is to be held. Each notice
shall state the time and place of the meeting but need not state the purposes thereof, except as otherwise herein expressly provided.
Notice of any meeting of the Board of Directors need not, however, be given to any Director, if waived by him or her in writing or by
telegraph, cable, wireless or other form of recorded communication or electronic transmission or if he shall be present at such meeting;
and any meeting of the Board shall be a legal meeting without any notice thereof having been given if all of the Directors of the Corporation
then in office shall be present thereat.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Members of the Board of Directors, or any committee
designated by such Board, may participate in a meeting of such Board or committee by means of conference telephone or other communications
equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this
provision shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 12.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><U>Quorum and Manner of Acting</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Except as otherwise provided by statute or by these By-laws,
a majority of the authorized number of Directors shall be required to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting,
and the affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors present at the meeting shall be necessary for the adoption of any resolution or
the taking of any other action. In the absence of a quorum, the Director or Directors present may adjourn any meeting from time to time
until a quorum be had. Notice of any adjourned meeting need not be given.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 13.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><U>Written or Electronic Consent</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting
of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors consent thereto in writing or by electronic
transmission and such writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the
Board of Directors. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if
the minutes are maintained in electronic form.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 14.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><U>Compensation</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. The Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of Directors
for services in any capacity and to provide that the Corporation shall reimburse each Director for any expenses paid to him or her on
account of his attendance at any regular or special meeting of the Board. Nothing herein contained shall be construed so as to preclude
any Director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity, or from serving any of its stockholders, subsidiaries or affiliated corporations
in any capacity and receiving proper compensation therefor.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 15.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><U>Executive and Other Committees</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. The Board of Directors may in its discretion by resolution
passed by a majority of the Directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present designate an Executive Committee and one or more
other committees, each consisting of one or more of the Directors of the Corporation, and each of which, to the extent provided in the
resolution and the laws of the State of Delaware, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in
the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers
which may require it; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that no such committee shall have power or authority as to the following matters:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation (except as provided under the Delaware General Corporation Law);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
amendment of the By-laws of the Corporation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(3)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Approval
or recommending to stockholders any action which must be submitted to stockholders for approval under the Delaware General Corporation
Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless a greater proportion is required by the
resolution designating a committee of the Board of Directors, a majority of the entire authorized number of members of such committee
shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of the members voting on any item of business, if
a quorum votes, shall be the act of such committee. Any action required, or permitted to be taken at any meeting of a committee of the
Board of Directors, may be taken without a meeting if all members of such committee consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission
and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of such committee. Such
filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained
in electronic form.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 16.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><U>Indemnification</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>The Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless to the fullest extent authorized by the General Corporation Law of the State
of Delaware as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment
permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment)
any person made or threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal,
administrative or investigative (hereinafter a &ldquo;<U>proceeding</U>&rdquo;), by reason of the fact that he or she or a person of whom
he or she is the legal representative (i) is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or (ii) is or was serving at the request
of the Corporation as a director, officer, trustee, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust
or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans maintained or sponsored by the Corporation (hereinafter,
an &ldquo;<U>indemnitee</U>&rdquo;), whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer,
trustee, employee or agent or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, trustee, employee or agent, against all liability,
loss and expense (including attorneys&rsquo; fees, judgments, fines, excise taxes, penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement)
incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that except as provided in Section&#8239;16(c),
the Corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by
such person only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors. The right to indemnification conferred
in this Section 16 shall include the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance
of its final disposition; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that if the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware requires, the
payment of such expenses incurred by a director or officer in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity
in which service was or is rendered by such person while a director or officer, including, without limitation, service to an employee
benefit plan) shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking (hereinafter, the &ldquo;<U>undertaking</U>&rdquo;)
by or on behalf of such director or officer, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision
from which there is no further right of appeal (a &ldquo;<U>final disposition</U>&rdquo;) that such director or officer is not entitled
to be indemnified for such expenses under this Section 16 or otherwise. The rights conferred upon an indemnitee in this Section&#8239;16
shall be contract rights that vest at the time of such person&rsquo;s service to or at the request of the Corporation and such rights
shall continue as to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer, trustee, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit
of the indemnitee&rsquo;s heirs, executors and administrators.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>To obtain indemnification under this Section 16, a claimant shall submit to the Corporation a written request, including therein
or therewith such documentation and information as is reasonably available to the claimant and is reasonably necessary to determine whether
and to what extent the claimant is entitled to indemnification. Upon written request by a claimant for indemnification pursuant to the
first sentence of this Section 16(b), a determination, if required by applicable law, with respect to the claimant&rsquo;s entitlement
thereto shall be made as follows: (1)&#8239;if requested by the claimant, by Independent Counsel (as hereinafter defined), or (2)&#8239;if
no request is made by the claimant for a determination by Independent Counsel, (i) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum
consisting of Disinterested Directors (as hereinafter defined), or (ii) if a quorum of the Board of Directors consisting of Disinterested
Directors is not obtainable or, even if obtainable, such quorum of Disinterested Directors so directs, by Independent Counsel in a written
opinion to the Board of Directors, a copy of which shall be delivered to the claimant, or (iii) if a quorum of Disinterested Directors
so directs, by the stockholders of the Corporation. In the event the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by
Independent Counsel at the request of the claimant, the Independent Counsel shall be selected by the Board of Directors unless there shall
have occurred within two years prior to the date of the commencement of the action, suit or proceeding for which indemnification is claimed
a &ldquo;Change of Control&rdquo; as defined in the Corporation&rsquo;s Transitional Compensation Plan, in which case the Independent
Counsel shall be selected by the claimant unless the claimant shall request that such selection be made by the Board of Directors. If
it is so determined that the claimant is entitled to indemnification, payment to the claimant shall be made within ten (10) days after
such determination.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>If a claim under Section 16(a) in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) not initiated by the claimant is not paid in full
by the Corporation within sixty (60) days after a written claim pursuant to Section 16(b) has been received by the Corporation (except
in the case of a claim for advancement of expenses, for which the applicable period is twenty (20) days), the claimant may at any time
thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in whole or in part, the claimant
shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting such claim. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action
brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required undertaking,
if any is required, has been tendered to the Corporation) that the claimant has not met the standard of conduct which makes it permissible
under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware for the Corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed, but the
burden of proving such defense shall be on the Corporation. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors,
Independent Counsel or stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the
claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the General Corporation
Law of the State of Delaware, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, Independent Counsel or
stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption
that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct. If a determination shall have been made pursuant to Section 16(b) that
the claimant is entitled to indemnification, the Corporation shall be bound by such determination in any judicial proceeding commenced
pursuant to this Section 16(c). The Corporation shall be precluded from asserting in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this
Section 16(c) that the procedures and presumptions of this Section 16 are not valid, binding and enforceable and shall stipulate in such
proceeding that the Corporation is bound by all the provisions of this Section 16.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>The right to indemnification and the payment of expenses incurred in defending a proceeding in advance of its final disposition
conferred in this Section 16 (i) shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute,
provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, By-Laws, agreement, vote of stockholders or Disinterested Directors or otherwise and (ii)
cannot be terminated by the Corporation, the Board of Directors or the stockholders of the Corporation with respect to a person&rsquo;s
service prior to the date of such termination. Any amendment, modification, alteration or repeal of this Section 16 that in any way diminishes,
limits, restricts, adversely affects or eliminates any right of an indemnitee or his or her successors to indemnification, advancement
of expenses or otherwise shall be prospective only and shall not in any way diminish, limit, restrict, adversely affect or eliminate any
such right with respect to any actual or alleged state of facts, occurrence, action or omission then or previously existing, or any action,
suit or proceeding previously or thereafter brought or threatened based in whole or in part upon any such actual or alleged state of facts,
occurrence, action or omission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any current or former director, officer,
employee or agent of the Corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability,
loss and expense, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability, loss and expense
under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. To the extent that the Corporation maintains any policy or policies providing
such insurance, each such current or former director or officer, and each such agent or employee to which rights to indemnification have
been granted as provided in Section 16(f), shall be covered by such policy or policies in accordance with its or their terms to the maximum
extent of the coverage thereunder for any such current or former director, officer, employee or agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer, grant
rights to indemnification, and rights to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its
final disposition, to any current or former employee or agent of the Corporation to the fullest extent of the provisions of this Section
16 with respect to the indemnification and advancement of expenses of current or former directors and officers of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>If any provision or provisions of this Section 16 shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever:
(1) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Section 16 (including, without limitation, each portion
of any subsection of this Section 16 containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself held
to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby, and (2) to the fullest extent possible,
the provisions of this Section 16 (including, without limitation, each such portion of any subsection of this Section 16 containing any
such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision
held invalid, illegal or unenforceable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>For purposes of this Section 16, references to &ldquo;the corporation&rdquo; shall include, in addition to the resulting or surviving
corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if
its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents,
so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request
of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under this Section 16 with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he
or she would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>For purposes of this Section 16:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&ldquo;<U>Disinterested
Director</U>&rdquo; means a director of the Corporation who is not and was not a party to the matter in respect of which indemnification
is sought by the claimant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&ldquo;<U>Independent
Counsel</U>&rdquo; means a law firm, a member of a law firm, or an independent practitioner, that is experienced in matters of corporation
law and shall include any person who, under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would not have a conflict
of interest in representing either the Corporation or the claimant in an action to determine the claimant&rsquo;s rights under this Section
16.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(j)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Any notice, request or other communication required or permitted to be given to the Corporation under this Section 16 shall be
in writing and either delivered in person or sent by telecopy, telex, telegram, overnight mail or courier service, or certified or registered
mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, to the Secretary of the Corporation and shall be effective only upon receipt by the Secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 17.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Emergency Provisions</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Notwithstanding any other provision in the Certificate of Incorporation
or By-Laws, this emergency By-Law provision shall be operative (i) during any emergency resulting from an attack on the United States
or on a locality in which the Corporation conducts its business or customarily holds meetings of its Board of Directors or its stockholders,
(ii) during any nuclear or atomic disaster, or (iii)&#8239;during the existence of any catastrophe, or other similar emergency condition,
as a result of which a quorum of the Board of Directors or a standing committee thereof cannot readily be convened for action, or (iv)&#8239;during
any other condition that may be provided under relevant provisions of Delaware Law (each condition described in clauses (i) through (iv)
being referred to below as an &ldquo;<U>Emergency</U>&rdquo;). Pursuant to this Section 17, during any Emergency:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>A meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee thereof may be called by any director or officer by any means feasible under
the circumstances.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Unless otherwise provided by the Board during an Emergency, notice of any meeting of the Board of Directors during such an Emergency
may be given only to such of the directors as it may be feasible to reach at the time and by such means as may be feasible at the time,
including publication, television, radio or any other means.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>The officers or other persons designated on a list approved by the Board of Directors before the Emergency, all in such order of
priority and subject to such conditions and for such period of time (not longer than reasonably necessary after the termination of the
Emergency) as may be provided in the resolution approving the list, shall, to the extent required to provide a quorum at any meeting of
the Board of Directors, be deemed directors for such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>The Board of Directors, either before or during any such Emergency, may provide, and from time to time modify, lines of succession
in the event that during such Emergency any or all officers or agents of the Corporation shall for any reason be rendered incapable of
discharging their duties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>The Board of Directors, either before or during any such Emergency, may, effective in the Emergency, change the head office or
designate several alternative head offices or regional offices, or authorize the officers so to do.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>No officer, director or employee acting in accordance with this Section 17, with any other emergency bylaw provision, or pursuant
to DGCL Section 110 or any successor section, shall be liable except for willful misconduct.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>To the extent not inconsistent with this Section 17, the By-Laws of the Corporation shall remain in effect during any Emergency
and upon its termination these emergency provisions shall cease to be operative.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Nothing contained in this Section 17 shall be deemed exclusive of any other provisions for emergency powers consistent with this
Section 17 that have been or may be adopted by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
III.</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><BR>
<BR>
Officers</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Officers Enumerated</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">: The Board of Directors, as soon as may be practicable after the annual
election of Directors, shall elect a Chairman, a President, and a Chief Executive Officer (or any combination thereof), one or more Vice
Presidents (one or more of whom may be designated Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President), a Secretary, a Treasurer, and a
Controller and from time to time may elect or appoint such other officers as it may determine. Any two or more offices may be held by
the same person.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Term of Office</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Each officer shall hold office for the term for which he is elected or appointed
and until his successor has been elected or appointed and qualified or until his death or until he shall resign or until he shall have
been removed in the manner hereinafter provided.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Powers and Duties</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. The officers of the Corporation shall each have such powers and authority
and perform such duties in the management of the property and affairs of the Corporation as from time to time may be prescribed by the
Board of Directors and, to the extent not so prescribed, they shall each have such powers and authority and perform such duties in the
management of the property and affairs of the Corporation, subject to the control of the Board, as generally pertain to their respective
offices.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Without limitation of the foregoing:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Chairman of the Board: The Chairman of the Board shall be a Director of the Corporation and shall preside at all meetings of the
Board of Directors and of the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors and at all meetings of stockholders. The Chairman of the Board
shall undertake such other duties or responsibilities as the Board of Directors may assign.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>President and Chief Executive Officer: The President and Chief Executive Officer shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation
and shall be a Director of the Corporation. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the President and Chief Executive Officer shall
preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and of the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors and at all meetings of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Vice Presidents: The Board of Directors shall determine the powers and duties of the respective Vice Presidents and may, in its
discretion, fix such order of seniority among the respective Vice Presidents as it may deem advisable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Secretary: The Secretary shall issue notices of all meetings of the stockholders and Directors where notices of such meetings are
required by law or these By-Laws and shall keep the minutes of such meetings. He shall sign such instruments and attest such documents
as require his signature of attestation and affix the corporate seal thereto where appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Treasurer: The Treasurer shall have custody of all funds and securities of the Corporation and shall sign all instruments and documents
as require his signature. He shall perform all acts incident to the position of Treasurer, subject to the control of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>Controller: The Controller shall be in charge of the accounts of the Corporation and he shall have such powers and perform such
duties as may be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT>General Counsel: The General Counsel shall have general control of all matters of legal import concerning the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Temporary Absence</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. In case of the temporary absence or disability of any officer of the Corporation,
except as otherwise provided in these By-laws, the Chairman of the Board, the President, the Vice Chairman, any Vice President, the Secretary
or the Treasurer may perform any of the duties of any such other officer as the Board of Directors or Executive Committee may prescribe.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 5.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Resignations</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice of his resignation
to the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein; and, unless otherwise specified therein, the
acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Removal</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, at any time by action of
the Board of Directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Vacancies</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. A vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal or any other cause
may be filled by the Board of Directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 8.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Compensation</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. The salaries of the officers shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of
Directors. Nothing contained herein shall preclude any officer from serving the Corporation in any other capacity, including that of director,
or from serving any of its stockholders, subsidiaries or affiliated corporations in any capacity and receiving a proper compensation therefor.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 9.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Contracts, Checks, etc</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. All contracts and agreements authorized by the Board of Directors,
and all checks, drafts, bills of exchange or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, issued in
the name of the Corporation, shall be signed by such person or persons and in such manner as may from time to time be designated by the
Board of Directors, which designation may be general or confined to specific instances.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 10.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Proxies in Respect of Securities of Other Corporations</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Unless otherwise provided by resolution
adopted by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the President and Chief Executive Officer, the Vice Chairman, a Vice President,
or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or any one of them, may exercise or appoint an
attorney or attorneys, or an agent or agents, to exercise in the name and on behalf of the Corporation the powers and rights which the
Corporation may have as the holder of stock or other securities in any other corporation to vote or to consent in respect of such stock
or other securities; and the Chairman of the Board, the President and Chief Executive Officer, the Vice Chairman, a Vice President, or
the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer may instruct the person or persons so appointed as
to the manner of exercising such powers and rights and the Chairman of the Board, the President and Chief Executive Officer, the Vice
Chairman, a Vice President, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer may execute or cause
to be executed in the name and on behalf of the Corporation and under its corporate seal, or otherwise, all such ballots, consents, proxies,
powers of attorney or other written instruments as they or either of them may deem necessary in order that the Corporation may exercise
such powers and rights. Any stock or other securities in any other corporation which may from time to time be owned by or stand in the
name of the Corporation may, without further action, be endorsed for sale or transfer or sold or transferred by the Chairman of the Board,
the President and Chief Executive Officer, the Vice Chairman, or a Vice President, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer
or an Assistant Treasurer of the Corporation or any proxy appointed in writing by any of them.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
IV.</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><BR>
<BR>
Shares and Their Transfer</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Certificated and Uncertificated Shares</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Shares of the Corporation&rsquo;s stock may be certificated
or uncertificated, as provided under Delaware law. All certificates of stock of the Corporation shall be numbered and shall be entered
in the books of the Corporation as they are issued. They shall exhibit the holder&rsquo;s name and number of shares and shall be signed
by the Chairman or a Vice Chairman or the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary
or an Assistant Secretary. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or
registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer
agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer,
transfer agent or registrar.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Transfers</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. Transfers of stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation only by the record
holder of such stock, or by attorney lawfully constituted in writing, and, in the case of stock represented by a certificate, upon surrender
of the certificate. Except as hereinafter provided in the case of loss, destruction or mutilation of certificates, no transfer of stock
shall be entered until the previous certificate, if any, given for the same shall have been surrendered and canceled.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Lost, Destroyed or Mutilated Certificates</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. The Corporation may issue a new certificate of
stock of the same tenor and same number of shares in place of a certificate theretofore issued by it which is alleged to have been lost,
stolen or destroyed; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee or the Secretary of the Corporation
may require the owner of the lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or his legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond of indemnity,
in form and with one or more sureties satisfactory to the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee, sufficient to indemnify it against
any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the
issuance of such new certificate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Record Date</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. The Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede
the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors, and which shall not be more than sixty
(60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action, as a record
date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof,
or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or entitled to exercise any rights with
respect to any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action. If no record date is fixed, (a)
the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business
on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding
the day upon which the meeting is held, and (b) the date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business
on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto. A determination of stockholders of record entitled
to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that
the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 5.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT><U>Books and Records</U><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">. The books and records of the Corporation may be kept at such places within
or without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&#8239;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
V.</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><BR>
<BR>
Seal</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board of Directors shall provide a corporate
seal, which shall be in the form of a circle and shall bear the name of the Corporation, the year in which the Corporation was incorporated
(1971) and the words &ldquo;Corporate Seal&mdash;Delaware&rdquo; and such other words or figures as the Board of Directors may approve
and adopt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
VI.</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><BR>
<BR>
Amendments</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise provided by these By-Laws,
the Certificate of Incorporation, or by operation of law, the By-Laws of the Corporation may be made, altered or repealed by vote of the
stockholders at any annual or special meeting of stockholders called for that purpose or by the affirmative vote of a majority of the
directors then in office given at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Article
VII.</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><BR>
<BR>
Exclusive Forum</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the
selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation,
(ii) any action asserting a claim for or based on a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director or officer or other
employee of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation&rsquo;s stockholders, including a claim alleging the aiding and abetting
of such a breach of fiduciary duty, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation or any current or former director or officer
or other employee of the Corporation arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or the Certificate of Incorporation
or By-Laws (as either may be amended from time to time), (iv) any action asserting a claim related to or involving the Corporation that
is governed by the internal affairs doctrine, or (v) any action asserting an &ldquo;internal corporate claim&rdquo; as that term is defined
in Section&#8239;115 of the Delaware General Corporation Law shall be a state court located within the State of Delaware (or, if no state
court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>tgna-20250826_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 26, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Aug. 26,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">1-6961<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">TEGNA INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000039899<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">16-0442930<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">8350 Broad
    Street<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 2000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Tysons<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">VA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">22102-5151<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">703<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">873-6600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">TGNA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
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