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Derivative Financial Instruments | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2019
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] |
Derivative Financial Instruments | Derivative Financial Instruments The Corporation manages its exposure to certain interest rate and foreign currency risks through the use of derivatives. None of the Corporation's outstanding derivative contracts are designated as hedges, and none are entered into for speculative purposes. Derivative instruments are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings as components of non-interest income or non-interest expense on the consolidated statements of income. Derivative contracts create counterparty credit risk with both the Corporation's customers and with institutional counterparties. The Corporation manages counterparty credit risk through its credit approval processes, monitoring procedures and obtaining adequate collateral, when the Corporation determines it is appropriate to do so and in accordance with counterparty contracts. Mortgage Banking Derivatives In connection with its mortgage banking activities, the Corporation enters into commitments to originate certain fixed-rate residential mortgage loans for customers, also referred to as interest rate locks. In addition, the Corporation enters into forward commitments for the future sales or purchases of mortgage-backed securities to or from third-party counterparties to hedge the effect of changes in interest rates on the values of both the interest rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale. Forward sales commitments may also be in the form of commitments to sell individual mortgage loans at a fixed price at a future date. The amount necessary to settle each interest rate lock is based on the price that secondary market investors would pay for loans with similar characteristics, including interest rate and term, as of the date fair value is measured. Gross derivative assets and liabilities are recorded in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets, and changes in fair values during the period are recorded in mortgage banking income on the consolidated statements of income. Interest Rate Swaps The Corporation enters into interest rate swaps with certain qualifying commercial loan customers to meet their interest rate risk management needs. The Corporation simultaneously enters into interest rate swaps with dealer counterparties, with identical notional amounts and terms. The net result of these interest rate swaps is that the customer pays a fixed rate of interest and the Corporation receives a floating rate. These interest rate swaps are derivative financial instruments and the gross fair values are recorded in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair values during the period recorded in other non-interest expense on the consolidated statements of income. Fulton Bank, N.A. ("Fulton Bank"), the Corporation's largest banking subsidiary, exceeds $10 billion in total assets and is required to clear all eligible interest rate swap contracts with a central counterparty. As a result, Fulton Bank is subject to the regulations of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC"). Foreign Exchange Contracts The Corporation enters into foreign exchange contracts to accommodate the needs of its customers. Foreign exchange contracts are commitments to buy or sell foreign currency on a specific date at a contractual price. The Corporation limits its foreign exchange exposure with customers by entering into contracts with institutional counterparties to mitigate its foreign exchange risk. The Corporation also holds certain amounts of foreign currency with international correspondent banks ("Foreign Currency Nostro Accounts"). The Corporation limits the total overnight net foreign currency open positions, which is defined as an aggregate of all outstanding contracts and Foreign Currency Nostro Account balances, to $500,000. Gross fair values are recorded in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair values during the period recorded in other service charges and fees on the consolidated statements of income. The following table presents a summary of the notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments:
| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Notional Amount |  | Asset (Liability) Fair Value |  | Notional Amount |  | Asset (Liability) Fair Value
| (in thousands)
Interest Rate Locks with Customers |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Positive fair values | $ | 140,030 |  |  | $ | 1,759 |  |  | $ | 101,700 |  |  | $ | 1,148 |
Negative fair values | 2,491 |  |  | (17 | ) |  | 1,646 |  |  | (12 | )
Net interest rate locks with customers |  |  | 1,742 |  |  |  |  | 1,136 |
Forward Commitments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Positive fair values | 20,627 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 1,540 |  |  | 3 |
Negative fair values | 100,002 |  |  | (1,062 | ) |  | 83,562 |  |  | (1,066 | )
Net forward commitments |  |  | (1,007 | ) |  |  |  | (1,063 | )
Interest Rate Swaps with Customers |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Positive fair values | 2,039,265 |  |  | 66,479 |  |  | 1,185,144 |  |  | 33,258 |
Negative fair values | 661,338 |  |  | (13,473 | ) |  | 1,386,046 |  |  | (30,769 | )
Net interest rate swaps with customers |  |  | 53,006 |  |  |  |  | 2,489 |
Interest Rate Swaps with Dealer Counterparties |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Positive fair values (1) | 661,338 |  |  | 13,406 |  |  | 1,386,046 |  |  | 28,143 |
Negative fair values (1) | 2,039,265 |  |  | (35,533 | ) |  | 1,185,144 |  |  | (16,338 | )
Net interest rate swaps with dealer counterparties |  |  | (22,127 | ) |  |  |  | 11,805 |
Foreign Exchange Contracts with Customers |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Positive fair values | 8,991 |  |  | 225 |  |  | 5,881 |  |  | 105 |
Negative fair values | 3,414 |  |  | (152 | ) |  | 9,690 |  |  | (251 | )
Net foreign exchange contracts with customers |  |  | 73 |  |  |  |  | (146 | )
Foreign Exchange Contracts with Correspondent Banks |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Positive fair values | 4,511 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 9,220 |  |  | 287 |
Negative fair values | 9,524 |  |  | (204 | ) |  | 6,831 |  |  | (130 | )
Net foreign exchange contracts with correspondent banks |  |  | (14 | ) |  |  |  | 157 |
Net derivative fair value asset |  |  | $ | 31,673 |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,378 |
(1) The variation margin posted as collateral on centrally cleared interest rate swaps, which represents the fair value of such swaps, is legally characterized as settlements of the outstanding derivative contracts instead of cash collateral. Accordingly, the fair values of centrally cleared interest rate swaps were offset by variation margins totaling $30.6 million and $14.3 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The following table presents a summary of the fair value gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments:
| Three months ended March 31
| 2019 |  | 2018
| (in thousands)
Interest rate locks with customers | $ | 606 |  |  | $ | 129 |
Forward commitments | 56 |  |  | 226 |
Interest rate swaps with customers | 50,517 |  |  | (42,642 | )
Interest rate swaps with dealer counterparties (1) | (33,932 | ) |  | 33,814 |
Foreign exchange contracts with customers | 219 |  |  | 7 |
Foreign exchange contracts with correspondent banks | (171 | ) |  | 88 |
Net fair value gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments | $ | 17,295 |  |  | $ | (8,378 | )
(1) Not included are $16.3 million of losses and $8.9 million of gains related to the variation margin settlements for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Fair Value Option The Corporation has elected to measure mortgage loans held for sale at fair value. The following table presents a summary of mortgage loans held for sale and the impact of the fair value election on the consolidated financial statements as of the periods shown:
| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| (in thousands)
Cost (1) | $ | 27,054 |  |  | $ | 26,407 |
Fair value | 27,768 |  |  | 27,099 |
(1) Cost basis of mortgage loans held for sale represents the unpaid principal balance. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, gains related to changes in fair values of mortgage loans held for sale were $21,000 and for the three months ended March 31, 2018, losses related to changes in fair values of mortgage loans held for sale were $197,000. Balance Sheet Offsetting Although certain financial assets and liabilities may be eligible for offset on the consolidated balance sheets because they are subject to master netting arrangements or similar agreements, the Corporation elects to not offset such qualifying assets and liabilities. The Corporation is a party to interest rate swap transactions with financial institution counterparties and customers, disclosed in detail above. Under these agreements, the Corporation has the right to net-settle multiple contracts with the same counterparty in the event of default on, or termination of, any one contract. Cash collateral is posted by the party with a net liability position in accordance with contract thresholds and can be used to settle the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements in the event of default. A daily settlement occurs through a clearing agent for changes in the fair value of centrally cleared derivatives. As a result, the total fair values of interest rate swap derivative assets and derivative liabilities recognized on the consolidated balance sheet are not equal and offsetting. The Corporation is also a party to foreign currency exchange contracts with financial institution counterparties, under which the Corporation has the right to net-settle multiple contracts with the same counterparty in the event of default on, or termination of, any one contract. As with interest rate swap contracts, collateral is posted by the party with a net liability position in accordance with contract thresholds and can be used to settle the fair value of the foreign currency exchange contracts in the event of default. The Corporation also enters into agreements with customers in which it sells securities subject to an obligation to repurchase the same or similar securities, referred to as repurchase agreements. Under these agreements, the Corporation may transfer legal control over the assets but still maintain effective control through agreements that both entitle and obligate the Corporation to repurchase the assets. Therefore, repurchase agreements are reported as secured borrowings, classified in short-term borrowings on the consolidated balance sheets, while the securities underlying the repurchase agreements remain classified with investment securities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation does not enter into reverse repurchase agreements; therefore, there is no such offsetting to be done with the repurchase agreements. The following table presents the Corporation's financial instruments that are eligible for offset, and the effects of offsetting, on the consolidated balance sheets:
| Gross Amounts |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset |  |
| Recognized |  | on the Consolidated |  |
| on the |  | Balance Sheets |  |
| Consolidated |  | Financial |  | Cash |  | Net
| Balance Sheets |  | Instruments(1) |  | Collateral (2) |  | Amount
| (in thousands)
March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap derivative assets | $ | 79,885 |  |  | $ | (14,334 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 65,551 |
Foreign exchange derivative assets with correspondent banks | 190 |  |  | (190 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 80,075 |  |  | $ | (14,524 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 65,551 |
Interest rate swap derivative liabilities | $ | 49,006 |  |  | $ | (14,334 | ) |  | $ | (34,672 | ) |  | $ | — |
Foreign exchange derivative liabilities with correspondent banks | 204 |  |  | (190 | ) |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Total | $ | 49,210 |  |  | $ | (14,524 | ) |  | $ | (34,672 | ) |  | $ | 14 |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap derivative assets | $ | 61,401 |  |  | $ | (12,955 | ) |  | $ | (23,270 | ) |  | $ | 25,176 |
Foreign exchange derivative assets with correspondent banks | 287 |  |  | (130 | ) |  | — |  |  | 157 |
Total | $ | 61,688 |  |  | $ | (13,085 | ) |  | $ | (23,270 | ) |  | $ | 25,333 |
Interest rate swap derivative liabilities | $ | 47,107 |  |  | $ | (22,786 | ) |  | $ | (22,786 | ) |  | $ | 1,535 |
Foreign exchange derivative liabilities with correspondent banks | 130 |  |  | (130 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 47,237 |  |  | $ | (22,916 | ) |  | $ | (22,786 | ) |  | $ | 1,535 |
(1) | For interest rate swap assets, amounts represent any derivative liability fair values that could be offset in the event of counterparty or customer default. For interest rate swap liabilities, amounts represent any derivative asset fair values that could be offset in the event of counterparty or customer default.
(2) Amounts represent cash collateral received from the counterparty or posted by the Corporation on interest rate swap transactions and foreign exchange contracts with financial institution counterparties. Interest rate swaps with customers are collateralized by the same collateral securing the underlying loans to those borrowers. Cash and securities collateral amounts are included in the table only to the extent of the net derivative fair values.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 815 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2229140 + Details
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