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Tax Credit Investments
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Tax Credit Investments Tax Credit Investments

The Corporation's tax credit investments ("TCIs") are primarily related to investments promoting qualified affordable housing projects and investments in community development entities. The majority of these tax-advantaged investments support the Corporation's corporate mission and vision, as well as regulatory compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act. The Corporation's investments in these projects generate a return primarily through the realization of federal income tax credits and deductions for operating losses over a specified time period.

The TCIs are included in other assets, with any unfunded equity commitments carried in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Certain TCIs qualify for the proportional amortization method and are amortized over the period the Corporation expects to receive the tax credits, with the expense included within income taxes on the consolidated statements of income. Other TCIs are accounted for under the equity method of accounting, with amortization included within non-interest expense on the consolidated statements of income. This amortization includes equity in partnership losses and the systematic write-down of investments over the period in which income tax credits are earned. All of the TCIs are evaluated for impairment at the end of each reporting period. As illustrated below, realizable tax credits are included within income taxes and offset the amortization expense recorded.
The following table presents the balances of the Corporation's TCIs and related unfunded commitments:
 
 
 
March 31,
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2019
 
2018
Included in other assets:
 
(in thousands)
Affordable housing tax credit investment, net
 
$
169,096

 
$
170,401

Other tax credit investments, net
 
73,859

 
72,584

 
Total community development investments, net
 
$
242,955

 
$
242,985

Included in other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Unfunded affordable housing tax credit commitments
 
$
21,635

 
$
23,196

Other tax credit investment liabilities
 
61,506

 
59,823

 
Total unfunded tax credit investment commitments and liabilities
 
$
83,141

 
$
83,019


The following table presents other information relating to the Corporation's TCIs:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
2018
Components of income taxes:
(in thousands)
Affordable housing tax credits and other tax benefits
$
(7,575
)
 
$
(7,544
)
Other tax credit investment credits and tax benefits
(1,136
)
 
(1,596
)
Amortization of affordable housing investments, net of tax benefit
5,495

 
5,598

Deferred tax expense
238

 
335

 
Total reduction in income tax expense
$
(2,978
)
 
$
(3,207
)
Amortization of tax credit investments:
 
 
 
Affordable housing tax credits investment
$
822

 
$
839

Other tax credit investment amortization
669

 
798

 
Total amortization of tax credit investments
$
1,491

 
$
1,637