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Fair Value Measurements | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements FASB ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy for the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value using the following three categories (from highest to lowest priority): •Level 1 – Inputs that represent quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. •Level 2 – Inputs that represent quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical instruments in non-active markets. Also includes valuation techniques whose inputs are derived principally from observable market data other than quoted prices, such as interest rates or other market-corroborated means. •Level 3 – Inputs that are largely unobservable, as little or no market data exists for the instrument being valued. All assets and liabilities measured at fair value on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis have been categorized into the above three levels. The following tables present assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and reported on the consolidated balance sheets:
| September 30, 2024
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
| (dollars in thousands)
Loans held for sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,678 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,678 |
Available for sale investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal securities | — |  |  | 851,333 |  |  | — |  |  | 851,333 |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 296,580 |  |  | — |  |  | 296,580 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  |  | 749,468 |  |  | — |  |  | 749,468 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 895,635 |  |  | — |  |  | 895,635 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 520,280 |  |  | — |  |  | 520,280 |
Total available for sale investment securities | — |  |  | 3,313,296 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,313,296 |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments held in Rabbi Trust | 35,077 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35,077 |
Derivative assets | 748 |  |  | 136,815 |  |  | — |  |  | 137,563 |
Total assets | $ | 35,825 |  |  | $ | 3,467,789 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,503,614 |
Other liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation liabilities | $ | 35,077 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35,077 |
Derivative liabilities | 482 |  |  | 202,865 |  |  | — |  |  | 203,347 |
Total liabilities | $ | 35,559 |  |  | $ | 202,865 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 238,424 |
| December 31, 2023
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
| (dollars in thousands)
Loans held for sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,158 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,158 |
Available for sale investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government securities | 42,161 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,161 |
U.S. Government sponsored agency securities | — |  |  | 1,010 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,010 |
State and municipal securities | — |  |  | 1,072,013 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,072,013 |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 440,551 |  |  | — |  |  | 440,551 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  |  | 111,434 |  |  | — |  |  | 111,434 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 196,795 |  |  | — |  |  | 196,795 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 534,388 |  |  | — |  |  | 534,388 |
Total available for sale investment securities | 42,161 |  |  | 2,356,191 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,398,352 |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments held in Rabbi Trust | 29,819 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,819 |
Derivative assets | 572 |  |  | 157,540 |  |  | — |  |  | 158,112 |
Total assets | $ | 72,552 |  |  | $ | 2,528,889 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,601,441 |
Other liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation liabilities | $ | 29,819 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29,819 |
Derivative liabilities | 477 |  |  | 246,157 |  |  | — |  |  | 246,634 |
Total liabilities | $ | 30,296 |  |  | $ | 246,157 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 276,453 |
The valuation techniques used to measure fair value for the items in the preceding tables are as follows: Loans held for sale – This category includes mortgage loans held for sale that are measured at fair value. Fair values as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were measured at the price that secondary market investors were offering for loans with similar characteristics. Available for sale investment securities – Included in this asset category are debt securities. Level 2 investment securities are valued by a third-party pricing service. The pricing service uses pricing models that vary based on asset class and incorporate available market information, including quoted prices of investment securities with similar characteristics. Because many fixed income securities do not trade on a daily basis, pricing models use available information, as applicable, through processes such as benchmark yield curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing. Standard market inputs include: benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data, including market research publications. For certain security types, additional inputs may be used or some of the standard market inputs may not be applicable. •U.S. Government securities – These securities are classified as Level 1. Fair values are based on quoted prices with active markets. •U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities, State and municipal securities/Collateralized mortgage obligations/Residential mortgage-backed securities/Commercial mortgage-backed securities – These debt securities are classified as Level 2. Fair values are determined by a third-party pricing service, as detailed above. •Corporate debt securities – These securities are classified as Level 2. This category consists of subordinated debt and senior debt issued by financial institutions ($289.4 million at September 30, 2024 and $433.4 million at December 31, 2023) and other corporate debt issued by non-financial institutions ($7.2 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023). The fair values for these corporate debt securities are determined by a third-party pricing service as detailed above. Investments held in Rabbi Trust – This category consists of mutual funds that are held in trust for employee deferred compensation plans that the Corporation has elected to measure at fair value. Shares of mutual funds are valued based on net asset value, which represent quoted market prices for the underlying shares held in the mutual funds, and as such, are classified as Level 1. Derivative assets – Fair value of foreign currency exchange contracts are classified as Level 1 assets ($0.7 million and $0.6 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively). The mutual funds and foreign exchange prices used to measure these items at fair value are based on quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. Level 2 assets, representing the fair value of mortgage banking derivatives in the form of interest rate locks and forward commitments with secondary market investors ($0.8 million at September 30, 2024 and $0.5 million at December 31, 2023) and the fair value of interest rate derivatives ($136.0 million at September 30, 2024 and $157.1 million at December 31, 2023). The fair values of the interest rate locks, forward commitments and interest rate derivatives represent the amounts that would be required to settle the derivative financial instruments at the balance sheet date. See "Note 7 - Derivative Financial Instruments," for additional information. Deferred compensation liabilities – Fair value of amounts due to employees under deferred compensation plans, classified as Level 1 liabilities and are included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The fair values of these liabilities are determined in the same manner as the related assets, as described under the heading "Investments held in Rabbi Trust" above. Derivative liabilities – Level 1 liabilities, representing the fair value of foreign currency exchange contracts ($0.5 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023). Level 2 liabilities, representing the fair value of mortgage banking derivatives in the form of interest rate locks and forward commitments with secondary market investors ($0.4 million at September 30, 2024 and $0.9 million at December 31, 2023) and the fair value of interest rate derivatives ($202.4 million at September 30, 2024 and $245.6 million at December 31, 2023). The fair values of these liabilities are determined in the same manner as the related assets as described under the heading "Derivative assets" above. Certain financial instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value measurement in certain circumstances, such as upon their acquisition or when there is evidence of impairment. The following table presents Level 3 financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:
| September 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| (dollars in thousands)
Loans, net | $ | 150,529 |  |  | $ | 102,135 |
OREO | 2,844 |  |  | 896 |
MSRs(1) | 48,971 |  |  | 49,696 |
Total assets | $ | 202,344 |  |  | $ | 152,727 |
(1) Amounts shown are estimated fair value. MSRs are recorded on the Corporation's consolidated balance sheets at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. See "Note 6 - Mortgage Servicing Rights" for additional information. The valuation techniques used to measure fair value for the items in the table above are as follows: •Loans, net – This category consists of loans that were individually evaluated for impairment and have been classified as Level 3 assets. The amount shown is the balance of non-accrual loans, net of related ACL. See "Note 5 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses," for additional details. •OREO – This category consists of OREO classified as Level 3 assets, for which the fair values were based on estimated selling prices less estimated selling costs for similar assets in active markets. •MSRs – This category consists of MSRs, which were initially recorded at fair value upon the sale of residential mortgage loans to secondary market investors, and subsequently carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. MSRs are amortized as a reduction to servicing income over the estimated lives of the underlying loans. MSRs are stratified by product type and evaluated for impairment by comparing each stratum's carrying amount to its estimated fair value. Fair values are determined at the end of each quarter through a discounted cash flows valuation performed by a third-party valuation expert. Significant inputs to the valuation included expected net servicing income, the discount rate and the expected life of the underlying loans. Expected life is based on the contractual terms of the loans as adjusted for prepayment projections. The weighted average annual constant prepayment rate and the weighted average discount rate used in the September 30, 2024 valuation were 7.8% and 9.5%, respectively. Management reviews the reasonableness of the significant inputs to the third-party valuation in comparison to market data. See "Note 6 - Mortgage Servicing Rights," for additional information. The following tables detail the book values and the estimated fair values of the Corporation's financial instruments:
| September 30, 2024
|  | Estimated Fair Value
| Carrying Amount | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total
| (dollars in thousands)
FINANCIAL ASSETS |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,440,680 |  | $ | 1,440,680 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,440,680 |
FRB and FHLB stock | 143,212 |  | — |  | 143,212 |  | — |  | 143,212 |
Loans held for sale | 17,678 |  | — |  | 17,678 |  | — |  | 17,678 |
AFS securities | 3,313,296 |  | — |  | 3,313,296 |  | — |  | 3,313,296 |
HTM securities | 1,231,982 |  | — |  | 1,064,304 |  | — |  | 1,064,304 |
Loans, net | 23,800,114 |  | — |  | — |  | 22,681,492 |  | 22,681,492 |
Accrued interest receivable | 115,903 |  | 115,903 |  | — |  | — |  | 115,903 |
Other assets | 705,318 |  | 537,530 |  | 136,815 |  | 51,815 |  | 726,160 |
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |
Demand and savings deposits | $ | 21,021,766 |  | $ | 21,021,766 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 21,021,766 |
Brokered deposits | 843,473 |  | 137,879 |  | 705,871 |  | — |  | 843,750 |
Time deposits | 4,286,905 |  | — |  | 4,298,383 |  | — |  | 4,298,383 |
Accrued interest payable | 36,723 |  | 36,723 |  | — |  | — |  | 36,723 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 950,000 |  | 941,539 |  | — |  | — |  | 941,539 |
Senior debt and subordinated debt | 535,917 |  | — |  | 435,761 |  | — |  | 435,761 |
Other borrowings | 566,310 |  | 565,285 |  | 1,011 |  | — |  | 566,296 |
Other liabilities | 394,068 |  | 177,160 |  | 202,865 |  | 14,188 |  | 394,213 |
| December 31, 2023
|  | Estimated Fair Value
| Carrying Amount | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total
| (dollars in thousands)
FINANCIAL ASSETS |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 549,710 |  | $ | 549,710 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 549,710 |
FRB and FHLB stock | 124,405 |  | — |  | 124,405 |  | — |  | 124,405 |
Loans held for sale | 15,158 |  | — |  | 15,158 |  | — |  | 15,158 |
AFS securities | 2,398,352 |  | 42,161 |  | 2,356,191 |  | — |  | 2,398,352 |
HTM securities | 1,267,922 |  | — |  | 1,072,207 |  | — |  | 1,072,207 |
Loans, net | 21,057,690 |  | — |  | — |  | 19,930,560 |  | 19,930,560 |
Accrued interest receivable | 107,972 |  | 107,972 |  | — |  | — |  | 107,972 |
Other assets | 661,067 |  | 452,935 |  | 157,540 |  | 50,592 |  | 661,067 |
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |
Demand and savings deposits | $ | 17,653,690 |  | $ | 17,653,690 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 17,653,690 |
Brokered deposits | 1,144,692 |  | 145,987 |  | 999,392 |  | — |  | 1,145,379 |
Time deposits | 2,739,241 |  | — |  | 2,714,709 |  | — |  | 2,714,709 |
Accrued interest payable | 35,083 |  | 35,083 |  | — |  | — |  | 35,083 |
Federal funds purchased | 240,000 |  | 240,000 |  | — |  | — |  | 240,000 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 1,100,000 |  | 1,094,013 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,094,013 |
Senior debt and subordinated debt | 535,384 |  | — |  | 463,270 |  | — |  | 463,270 |
Other borrowings | 612,142 |  | 611,269 |  | 837 |  | — |  | 612,106 |
Other liabilities | 429,046 |  | 165,635 |  | 246,157 |  | 17,254 |  | 429,046 |
Fair values of financial instruments are significantly affected by the assumptions used, principally the timing of future cash flows and discount rates. Because assumptions are inherently subjective in nature, the estimated fair values cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent market quotes and, in many cases, the estimated fair values could not necessarily be realized in an immediate sale or settlement of the instrument. The aggregate fair value amounts presented do not necessarily represent management’s estimate of the underlying value of the Corporation. For short-term financial instruments, defined as those with remaining maturities of 90 days or less, and excluding those recorded at fair value on the Corporation's consolidated balance sheets, book value was considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair value. The following instruments are predominantly short-term:
Assets |  | Liabilities
Cash and cash equivalents |  | Demand and savings deposits
Accrued interest receivable |  | Other borrowings
|  | Accrued interest payable
FRB and FHLB stock represent restricted investments and are carried at cost on the consolidated balance sheets, which is a reasonable estimate of fair value. As of September 30, 2024, fair values for loans and time deposits were estimated by discounting future cash flows using the current rates, as adjusted for liquidity considerations, at which similar loans would be made to borrowers and similar deposits would be issued to customers for the same remaining maturities. Fair values of loans also include estimated credit losses that would be assumed in a market transaction, which represents estimated exit prices. Brokered deposits consist of demand and saving deposits, which are classified as Level 1, and time deposits, which are classified as Level 2. The fair value of these deposits is determined in a manner consistent with the respective type of deposits discussed above.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 107 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-107 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 100 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(3) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2E -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (g) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 940 -SubTopic 820 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478119/940-820-50-1 + Details
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