XML 17 R7.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
v3.8.0.1

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended
--- | ---
Sep. 30, 2017
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The Company’s accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, have been included. Interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes therein included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed on February 28, 2017. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include Ligand and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation Significant Accounting Policies The Company describes its significant accounting policies in Note 1 to the financial statements in Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. Use of Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for stock-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017. As a result of the adoption, the Company recorded a $17.9 million cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings for the recognition of excess tax benefits generated by the settlement of stock-based awards in prior periods and a discrete income tax benefit of $0.9 million to the income tax provision for excess tax benefits generated by the settlement, in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017, of stock-based awards. As allowed by the new guidance, the Company has elected to account for equity award forfeitures as they occur, and recorded a $0.3 million cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings for this accounting change in prior periods. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued new guidance related to revenue recognition, ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), which outlines a comprehensive revenue recognition model and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance. The new guidance requires a company to recognize revenue upon transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the expected consideration to be received in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 defines a five-step approach for recognizing revenue, which may require a company to use more judgment and make more estimates than under the current guidance. Two methods of adoption are permitted: (a) full retrospective adoption, meaning the standard is applied to all periods presented; or (b) modified retrospective adoption, meaning the cumulative effect of applying the new guidance is recognized at the date of initial application as an adjustment to the opening retained earnings balance. We are undertaking a substantial effort to be ready for adoption of ASC 606. Some of our contracts have distinct terms which will need to be evaluated separately. We anticipate that this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements by accelerating the timing of revenue recognition for revenues related to royalties, and potentially certain contingent milestone based payments. We intend to adopt ASC 606 starting as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. ASU 2016-01 modifies certain aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This new standard will make eight targeted changes to how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The standard is effective for us in the first quarter of 2018. The standard will require adoption on a retrospective basis unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case we would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2016-15 on our consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805), Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which changes the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when a set of assets acquired or disposed of should be considered a business. The new standard requires an entity to evaluate if substantially all the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets; if so, the set would not be considered a business. The new standard also requires a business to include at least one substantive process and narrows the definition of outputs. We expect that these provisions will reduce the number of transactions that will be considered a business. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2018, and may be adopted earlier. The standard would be applied prospectively to any transaction occurring on or after the adoption date. We are currently evaluating the impact that this new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements. Short-term Investments The Company's investments consist of the following at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):
| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
| Amortized cost |  | Gross unrealized gains |  | Gross unrealized losses |  | Estimated fair value |  | Amortized cost |  | Gross unrealized gains |  | Gross unrealized losses |  | Estimated fair value
Short-term investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bank deposits | $ | 77,307 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | 77,314 |  |  | $ | 40,715 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 40,734 |
Corporate bonds | 50,833 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (34 | ) |  | 50,802 |  |  | 11,031 |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 11,026 |
Commercial paper | 23,176 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 23,177 |  |  | 33,074 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | 33,067 |
U.S. Government bonds | 8,490 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 8,486 |  |  | 7,508 |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 7,507 |
Agency bonds | 4,977 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,977 |  |  | 7,294 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,295 |
Municipal bonds | 2,020 |  |  | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | 2,012 |  |  | 19,624 |  |  | — |  |  | (11 | ) |  | 19,613 |
Corporate equity securities | 254 |  |  | 2,498 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,752 |  |  | 1,512 |  |  | 1,542 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,054 |
| $ | 167,057 |  |  | $ | 2,518 |  |  | $ | (55 | ) |  | $ | 169,520 |  |  | $ | 120,758 |  |  | $ | 1,564 |  |  | $ | (26 | ) |  | $ | 122,296 |
Inventory Inventory, which consists of finished goods, is stated at the lower of cost or market value. The Company determines cost using the first-in, first-out method. Goodwill and Other Identifiable Intangible Assets Goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):
| September 30, |  | December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016
Indefinite lived intangible assets |  |  |
IPR&D | $ | 12,246 |  |  | $ | 12,246 |
Goodwill | 72,207 |  |  | 72,207 |
Definite lived intangible assets |  |  |
Complete technology | 182,577 |  |  | 182,577 |
Less: Accumulated amortization | (19,710 | ) |  | (12,792 | )
Trade name | 2,642 |  |  | 2,642 |
Less: Accumulated amortization | (883 | ) |  | (784 | )
Customer relationships | 29,600 |  |  | 29,600 |
Less: Accumulated amortization | (9,894 | ) |  | (8,784 | )
Total goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets, net | $ | 268,785 |  |  | $ | 276,912 |
Commercial License Rights Commercial license rights consist of the following (in thousands):
| September 30, |  | December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016
CorMatrix | $ | 15,190 |  |  | $ | 17,284 |
Selexis | 8,531 |  |  | 8,537 |
| $ | 23,721 |  |  | $ | 25,821 |
Commercial license rights represent a portfolio of future milestone and royalty payment rights acquired from Selexis in April 2013 and April 2015 and CorMatrix in May 2016. Individual commercial license rights acquired are carried at allocated cost and approximate fair value. In May 2017, the Company entered into a Royalty Agreement with Aziyo pursuant to which the Company will receive royalties from certain marketed products that Aziyo acquired from CorMatrix. Pursuant to the Royalty Agreement, the Company received $5 million in June 2017 and is scheduled to receive another $5 million by the end of 2017 from Aziyo to buydown the royalty rates on the products CorMatrix sold to Aziyo. The Royalty Agreement closed on May 31, 2017, in connection with the closing of the asset sale from CorMatrix to Aziyo (the “CorMatrix Asset Sale”). Pursuant to the Royalty Agreement, the Company will receive a 5% royalty on the products Aziyo acquired in the CorMatrix Asset Sale, reduced from the original 20% royalty from CorMatrix pursuant to the previously disclosed Interest Purchase Agreement, dated May 3, 2016 (the “Original Interest Purchase Agreement”) between CorMatrix and the Company. In addition, Aziyo has agreed to pay the Company up to $10 million of additional milestones tied to cumulative net sales of the products Aziyo acquired in the CorMatrix Asset Sale and to extend the term on these royalties by one year. The Royalty Agreement will terminate on May 31, 2027. In addition, in May 2017, the Company entered into an amended and restated interest purchase agreement (the “Amended Interest Purchase Agreement”) with CorMatrix, which supersedes in its entirety the Original Interest Purchase Agreement. Other than removing the commercial products sold to Aziyo in the CorMatrix Sale, the terms of the Amended Interest Purchase Agreement remain unchanged with respect to the CorMatrix developmental pipeline products, including the royalty rate of 5% on such pipeline products. The Amended Interest Purchase Agreement will terminate 10 years from the date of the first commercial sale of such products. The Company accounts for the CorMatrix commercial license right as a financial asset in accordance with ASC 310 and amortizes the commercial license right using the 'effective interest' method whereby the Company forecasts expected cash flows over the term of the arrangement to arrive at an annualized effective interest. The annual effective interest associated with the forecasted cash flows from the Royalty Agreement with Aziyo as of September 30, 2017 is 26%. Revenue is calculated by multiplying the carrying value of the commercial license right by the effective interest. The royalty payments received for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, including the $5 million received in June 2017, were accordingly allocated between revenue and the amortization of the commercial license rights. During the financial statement close process for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 the Company identified and corrected an immaterial error related to 2016 and the first quarter of 2017. The adjustment related to an error in the recognition of the income associated with this financial asset. In the second quarter of 2017, the Company determined the 'effective interest' method should have been used to recognize income associated with the financial asset and that the method utilized previously was incorrect. The error had the impact of understating Commercial License Rights, revenue and net income in 2016 and the first quarter of 2017. Management evaluated the effect of the adjustment on previously issued interim and annual consolidated financial statements in accordance with SAB No. 99 and SAB No. 108 and concluded that it was qualitatively and quantitatively immaterial to the historical interim and annual periods. Management also concluded that the correcting the error in the second quarter of 2017 would not have a material impact on the 2017 annual expected financial results. As a result, in accordance with SAB No. 108, we corrected our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2017. The error resulted in an understatement of 2016 and Q1 2017 revenue of $1.3 million and $0.4 million respectively, and an understatement of 2016 and Q1 2017 net income of $0.8 million, or $0.04 per diluted share, and net income of $0.3 million, or $0.01 per diluted share, respectively. The correction of the error in Q2 2017 does not have any impact for the three months ended September 30, 2017, however it resulted in an overstatement of revenue of $1.3 million, and $0.8 million or $0.04 per diluted share for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Equity-Method Investment The Company has approximately 22.1% equity ownership in Viking as of September 30, 2017. The Company records its investment in Viking under the equity method of accounting. The investment is subsequently adjusted for the Company’s share of Viking's operating results, and if applicable, cash contributions and distributions. The market value of the Company's equity investment in Viking was $12.0 million as of September 30, 2017. The Company also has outstanding warrants to purchase 1.5 million shares of Viking's common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share at September 30, 2017. The Company recorded the warrants at the fair value of $1.1 million and $0.7 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. See Note 2 Fair Value Measurement for details. In addition, the Company currently has an active MLA with Viking, under which the Company licensed to Viking the rights to five programs. The Company is entitled to receive contingent event-based payments and royalties from Viking based on the progression and eventual sale of any products being developed by Viking under the MLA. No such payment was earned or recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The Company also has a convertible note receivable from Viking under the LSA. Under the terms of the LSA, the principal amount outstanding accrues interest at a fixed rate of 2.5%. On May 8, 2017, the Company entered into an amendment to the LSA, which amends to, among other things, (i) extend the maturity date of the outstanding convertible notes receivable under the LSA from May 21, 2017 to May 21, 2018 and (ii) caused Viking to pay the Company $0.2 million, which reduced first the accrued and unpaid interest and second the unpaid principal amount on the Viking Note by $0.50 for each $1.00 of value. The Company elected to record the convertible notes at fair value, which was $3.0 million and $3.2 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. See Note 2 Fair Value Measurement for details. Accrued Liabilities Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
| September 30, |  | December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016
Compensation | $ | 2,479 |  |  | $ | 2,603 |
Professional fees | 634 |  |  | 829 |
Amounts owed to former licensees | 457 |  |  | 899 |
Royalties owed to third parties | 1,000 |  |  | 942 |
Deferred revenue | 1,075 |  |  | — |
Other | 778 |  |  | 1,124 |
Total accrued liabilities | $ | 6,423 |  |  | $ | 6,397 |
Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense for awards to employees and non-employee directors is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period until the last tranche vests. The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense recorded as components of research and development expenses and general and administrative expenses for the periods indicated (in thousands):
| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Stock-based compensation expense as a component of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development expenses | $ | 2,394 |  |  | $ | 2,845 |  |  | $ | 8,260 |  |  | $ | 6,112 |
General and administrative expenses | 2,854 |  |  | 2,486 |  |  | 7,657 |  |  | 7,578 |
| $ | 5,248 |  |  | $ | 5,331 |  |  | $ | 15,917 |  |  | $ | 13,690 |
The fair-value for options that were awarded to employees and directors was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Risk-free interest rate | 2.0% |  | 1.3% |  | 2.1% |  | 1.5%
Dividend yield | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Expected volatility | 47% |  | 49% |  | 47% |  | 50%
Expected term | 6.5 |  | 6.7 |  | 6.8 |  | 6.6
Lease Obligations The Company describes its operating lease obligations in Note 5 to the financial statements in Item 8 of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. There were no significant changes in the Company's operating lease commitments during the first nine months of 2017. Convertible Debt In August 2014, the Company completed a $245.0 million offering of 2019 Convertible Senior Notes, which bear interest at 0.75%. The Company accounted for the 2019 Convertible Senior Notes by separating the liability and equity components of the instrument in a manner that reflects the Company's nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. As a result, the Company assigned a value to the debt component of the 2019 Convertible Senior Notes equal to the estimated fair value of similar debt instruments without the conversion feature, which resulted in the Company recording the debt instrument at a discount. The Company is amortizing the debt discount over the life of the 2019 Convertible Senior Notes as additional non-cash interest expense utilizing the effective interest method. Upon the occurrence of certain circumstances, holders of the 2019 Convertible Senior Notes may redeem all or a portion of their notes, which may require the use of a substantial amount of cash. At September 30, 2017, we had a working capital deficit of $7.5 million, which includes the 2019 Convertible Senior notes that are currently redeemable as of September 30, 2017 but excludes another $21.6 million that is classified as mezzanine equity. As noted in Note 3, the debt may change from current to non-current period over period, primarily as a result of changes in the Company’s stock price. Management believes that it is remote that holders of the notes would choose to convert their notes early because the fair value of the security that a noteholder can currently realize in an active market is greater than the conversion value the noteholder would realize upon early conversion. In the unlikely event that all the debt was converted, we have three business days following a 50 trading day observation period from the convert date to pay the principal in cash. We have positive operating income and positive cash flow from operations since December 31, 2013 and, accordingly, while there can be no assurance, we believe we have the ability to raise additional capital through an S-3 registration or via alternative financing arrangements such as convertible or straight debt. Income Per Share Basic income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income per share is computed based on the sum of the weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of shares issuable under 2019 Convertible Senior Notes and the associated warrants, stock options and restricted stock. The 2019 Convertible Senior Notes have a dilutive impact when the average market price of the Company’s common stock exceeds the applicable conversion price of the notes. The warrants have a dilutive effect to the extent the market price per share of common stock exceeds the applicable exercise price of the warrants. Potentially dilutive common shares from stock options and restricted stock are determined using the average share price for each period under the treasury stock method. In addition, proceeds from exercise of stock options and the average amount of unrecognized compensation expense for restricted stock are assumed to be used to repurchase shares. In loss periods, basic net loss per share and diluted net loss per share are identical because the otherwise dilutive potential common shares become anti-dilutive and are therefore excluded. The following table presents the calculation of weighted average shares used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share:
| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Weighted average shares outstanding: | 21,070,678 |  |  | 20,886,705 |  |  | 21,006,718 |  |  | 20,805,604 |
Dilutive potential common shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock | 79,222 |  |  | 134,008 |  |  | 140,340 |  |  | 102,282 |
Stock options | 1,019,342 |  |  | 792,474 |  |  | 980,461 |  |  | 788,106 |
2019 Convertible Senior Notes | 1,334,357 |  |  | 1,184,092 |  |  | 1,118,456 |  |  | 1,046,257 |
Warrants | 47,646 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,882 |  |  | — |
Shares used to compute diluted income per share | 23,551,245 |  |  | 22,997,279 |  |  | 23,261,857 |  |  | 22,742,249 |
Potentially dilutive shares excluded from calculation due to anti-dilutive effect | 255,101 |  |  | 3,540,806 |  |  | 2,531,219 |  |  | 3,522,063 |

X
- References No definition available. + Details
Name: | us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract
Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
Data Type: | xbrli:stringItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

X
- Definition The entire disclosure for the organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure, and significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. May be provided in more than one note to the financial statements, as long as users are provided with an understanding of (1) the significant judgments and assumptions made by an enterprise in determining whether it must consolidate a VIE and/or disclose information about its involvement with a VIE, (2) the nature of restrictions on a consolidated VIE's assets reported by an enterprise in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets, (3) the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with an enterprise's involvement with the VIE, and (4) how an enterprise's involvement with the VIE affects the enterprise's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Describes procedure if disclosures are provided in more than one note to the financial statements. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 205 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122149 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 810 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2197479 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134479 + Details
Name: | us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock
Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
Data Type: | nonnum:textBlockItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration