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Convertible Senior Notes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Convertible Senior Notes Convertible Senior Notes
0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019

In August 2014, we issued $245.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2019 Notes, resulting in net proceeds of $239.3 million. The implied estimated effective rate of the liability component of the 2019 Notes was 5.83%. The 2019 Notes are convertible into common stock at an initial conversion rate of 13.3251 shares per $1,000 principal amount of convertible notes, subject to adjustment upon certain events, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $75.05 per share of common stock. The notes bear cash interest at a rate of 0.75% per year, payable semi-annually.

Holders of the 2019 Notes may convert the notes at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 15, 2019, under any of the following circumstances:

(1) during any fiscal quarter (and only during such fiscal quarter) commencing after December 31, 2014, if,
for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the 30 consecutive trading day period ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter, the last reported sale price of our common stock on such trading day is greater than 130% of the conversion price on such trading day;

(2) during the five business day period immediately following any 10 consecutive trading day period, in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or

(3) upon the occurrence of certain specified corporate events as specified in the indenture governing the notes.

On May 22, 2018, we entered into a supplemental indenture whereby we made an irrevocable election to settle the entire 2019 Notes in cash. As such, we would have been required to deliver cash to settle the principal and any premium due upon conversion. As a result of the requirement to deliver cash to settle any premium due upon conversion, on May 22, 2018, we reclassified from equity to liability the conversion option (a derivative) fair value of $341.6 million. In accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, the derivative was adjusted to its fair value as of December 31, 2018 to $23.4 million with the resulting $118.7 million increase, net of payments made, reflected in other expense, net, in our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018.
In March and April 2018, we received notices for conversion of $21.8 million of principal amount of the 2019 Notes which were settled in May and June 2018. We paid the noteholders the conversion value of the notes in cash, up to the principal amount of the 2019 Notes. The excess of the conversion value over the principal amount, totaling $31.6 million, was paid in shares of common stock. In July and August 2018, we received notices for conversion of $195.9 million of principal amount of the 2019 Notes which were settled in October and November 2018. We paid the noteholders the $195.9 million principal amount and the excess of conversion value over the principal amount, totaling $439.6 million, in cash. The equity dilution and cash conversion premium payment upon conversion of the 2019 Notes was offset by the reacquisition of the shares and cash under the convertible bond hedge transactions entered into in connection with the offering of the 2019 Notes. As a result of the conversions, we recorded a $3.2 million loss on extinguishment of debt calculated as the difference between the estimated fair value of the debt and the carrying value of the 2019 Notes as of the settlement dates. To measure the fair value of the converted 2019 Notes as of the settlement dates, the applicable interest rates were estimated using Level 2 observable inputs and applied to the converted notes using the same methodology as in the issuance date valuation.

In June 2019, we received notices for conversion of $1.0 million of principal amount of the 2019 Notes, which were settled in cash upon the 2019 Notes' maturity date in August 2019. As a result, we paid the noteholders (1) the $1.0 million principal amount, and (2) the excess of conversion value over the principal portion in an amount of $0.5 million in cash.

On August 15, 2019, the 2019 Notes maturity date, we paid the noteholders the remaining $26.3 million principal amount and $11.9 million bond premium, which was classified as a derivative liability, in cash. We recorded the decrease in fair value of the derivative liability of $11.0 million in other expense, net, in our consolidated statements of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019.
Convertible Bond Hedge and Warrant Transactions

In August 2014, we entered into convertible bond hedges and sold warrants covering 3,264,643 shares of our common stock to minimize the impact of potential dilution to our common stock and/or offset the cash payments we were required to make in excess of the principal amount upon conversion of the 2019 Notes.

The convertible bond hedges had an exercise price of $75.05 per share and are exercisable when and if the 2019 Notes were converted. If upon conversion of the 2019 Notes, the price of our common stock was above the exercise price of the convertible bond hedges, the counterparties would have delivered shares of common stock and/or cash with an aggregate value approximately equal to the difference between the price of common stock at the conversion date and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares of common stock related to the convertible bond hedge transaction being exercised. The convertible bond hedges and warrants described below were separate transactions entered into by us and were not part of the terms of the 2019 Notes. Holders of the 2019 Notes and warrants did not have any rights with respect to the convertible bond hedges.

As a result of the irrevocable cash election, conversion notices received relating to the 2019 Notes after May 22, 2018 must be fully settled in cash and amounts paid in excess of the principal amount would be offset by an equal receipt of cash under the convertible bond hedge. Upon the 2019 Notes payoff on August 15, 2019, the bond hedge was settled, with the remaining $10.2 million fair value decrease reflected in other expense, net, in our consolidated statement of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019.

Concurrently with the convertible bond hedge transactions, we entered into warrant transactions whereby we sold warrants to acquire 3,264,643 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $125.08 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The warrants had expired between November 13, 2019 and April 22, 2020. The warrants have a dilutive effect to the extent the market price per share of common stock exceeds the applicable exercise price of the warrants, as measured under the terms of the warrant transactions.

0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023

In May 2018, we issued $750 million aggregate principal amount of 2023 Notes, bearing cash interest at a rate of 0.75% per year, payable semi-annually. The net proceeds from the offering, after deducting the initial purchasers' discount and offering expenses, were approximately $733.1 million. The 2023 Notes will be convertible into cash, shares of common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at our election, based on an initial conversion rate, subject to adjustment, of 4.0244 shares per $1,000 principal amount of the 2023 Notes which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $248.48 per share.
Holders of the 2023 Notes may convert the notes at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding November 15, 2022, under any of the following circumstances:

(1) during any fiscal quarter (and only during such fiscal quarter) commencing after September 30, 2018, if, for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the 30 consecutive trading day period ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter, the last reported sale price of our common stock on such trading day is greater than 130% of the conversion price on such trading day;

(2) during the five business day period immediately following any 10 consecutive trading day period, in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or

(3) upon the occurrence of certain specified corporate events as specified in the indenture governing the notes.

The notes will have a dilutive effect to the extent the average market price per share of common stock for a given reporting period exceeds the conversion price of $248.48. As of December 31, 2021, the “if-converted value” did not exceed the principal amount of the 2023 Notes.

In connection with the issuance of the 2023 Notes, we incurred $16.9 million of issuance costs, which primarily consisted of underwriting, legal and other professional fees. The portion of these costs allocated to the liability component totaling $13.7 million is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the five year expected life of the 2023 Notes.

It is our intent and policy to settle conversions through combination settlement, which essentially involves payment in cash equal to the principal portion and delivery of shares of common stock for the excess of the conversion value over the principal portion.

During 2020, we repurchased $254.7 million in principal of the 2023 Notes for $222.8 million in cash, including accrued interest of $0.6 million. We accounted for the repurchase as a debt extinguishment, which resulted (1) a loss of $2.5 million reflected in other expense, net, in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020; (2) a $35.0 million reduction in debt discount, and (3) a $3.2 million reduction to additional paid-in-capital, net of tax, related to the reacquisition of the equity component in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020.

During 2021, we repurchased $152.0 million in principal of the 2023 Notes for $156.0 million in cash, including accrued interest of $0.3 million. We accounted for the repurchase as a debt extinguishment, which resulted in (1) a loss of $7.3 million reflected in other expense, net, in our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021, (2) a $13.7 million reduction in debt discount, and (3) a $10.2 million reduction to additional paid in capital, net of tax, related to the reacquisition of the equity component in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021. After the repurchases, approximately $343.3 million in principal amount of the 2023 Notes remain outstanding.

During February 2022, we repurchased $125.5 million in principal of the 2023 Notes for $123.9 million in cash, including accrued interest of $0.3 million.

Convertible Bond Hedge and Warrant Transactions

In conjunction with the 2023 Notes, in May 2018, we entered into convertible bond hedges and sold warrants covering 3,018,327 shares of our common stock to minimize the impact of potential dilution to our common stock and/or offset the cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount upon conversion of the 2023 Notes. The convertible bond hedges have an exercise price of $248.48 per share and are exercisable when and if the 2023 Notes are converted. We paid $140.3 million for these convertible bond hedges. If upon conversion of the 2023 Notes, the price of our common stock is above the exercise price of the convertible bond hedges, the counterparties will deliver shares of common stock and/or cash with an aggregate value approximately equal to the difference between the price of common stock at the conversion date and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares of common stock related to the convertible bond hedge transaction being exercised. The convertible bond hedges and warrants described below are separate transactions entered into by us and are not part of the terms of the 2023 Notes. Holders of the 2023 Notes and warrants will not have any rights with respect to the convertible bond hedges.

Concurrently with the convertible bond hedge transactions, we entered into warrant transactions whereby we sold warrants covering 3,018,327 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $315.38 per share, subject to certain adjustments. We received $90.0 million for these warrants. The warrants have various expiration dates ranging from August 15, 2023 to
February 6, 2024. The warrants will have a dilutive effect to the extent the market price per share of common stock exceeds the applicable exercise price of the warrants, as measured under the terms of the warrant transactions. The common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants will be in unregistered shares, and we do not have the obligation and do not intend to file any registration statement with the SEC registering the issuance of the shares under the warrants.

In April 2020, in connection with the repurchases of $234.4 million in principal of the 2023 Notes for $203.8 million in cash, including accrued interest of $0.6 million, during the quarter ended March 31, 2020, we entered into amendments with Barclays Bank PLC, Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch, and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC to the convertible note hedges transactions we initially entered into in connection with the issuance of the 2023 Notes. The amendments provide that the options under the convertible note hedges corresponding to such repurchased 2023 Notes will remain outstanding notwithstanding such repurchase.

In January 2021, in connection with the repurchases of approximately $20.3 million in principal of the 2023 Notes for approximately $19.1 million in cash, including accrued interest of $0.1 million, during the quarter ended December 31, 2020, we entered into amendments with Barclays Bank PLC, Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch, and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC to the convertible note hedges transactions we initially entered into in connection with the issuance of the 2023 Notes. The amendments provide that the options under the convertible note hedges corresponding to such repurchased 2023 Notes will remain outstanding notwithstanding such repurchase.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, in connection with the repurchases of $152.0 million in principal of the 2023 Notes for $156.0 million in cash, including accrued interest of $0.3 million, we entered into Warrant Early Unwind Agreements and Bond Hedge Unwind Agreements with Barclays Bank PLC, Deutsche Bank AG, and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC to unwind a portion of the convertible note hedges transactions we initially entered into in connection with the issuance of the 2023 Notes. We paid $18.4 million as part of the Warrant Early Unwind Agreements reducing the number of shares covered by the warrants from 3,018,327 to 2,559,254. We received $18.9 million as part of the Bond Hedge Early Unwind Agreements reducing the number of options under the convertible bond hedges to 598,021. These unwind transactions resulted in a $0.5 million net increase in additional paid-in-capital in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021.

The following table summarizes information about the equity and liability components of the 2023 Notes (in thousands).
December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Principal amount of 2023 Notes outstanding$343,301 $495,280 
Unamortized discount (including unamortized debt issuance cost)(22,584)(52,987)
Total long-term portion of notes payable$320,717 $442,293 
Carrying value of equity component of 2023 Notes$20,627 $48,397 
Fair value of convertible senior notes outstanding (Level 2)$341,801 $466,053 
As of December 31, 2021, there were no events of default or violation of any covenants under our financing obligations.