<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000886163-24-000056.txt : 20240709
<SEC-HEADER>0000886163-24-000056.hdr.sgml : 20240709
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240709165219
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000886163-24-000056
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-8
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		6
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240709
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240709
EFFECTIVENESS DATE:		20240709

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			LIGAND PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000886163
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		IRS NUMBER:				770160744
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-8
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-280733
		FILM NUMBER:		241107927

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		3911 SORRENTO VALLEY BLVD
		STREET 2:		SUITE 110
		CITY:			SAN DIEGO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92121
		BUSINESS PHONE:		858-550-7500

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		3911 SORRENTO VALLEY BLVD
		STREET 2:		SUITE 110
		CITY:			SAN DIEGO
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92121
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-8
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>ligand-formsx8_july2024.htm
<DESCRIPTION>S-8
<TEXT>
<html><head>
<!-- Document created using Wdesk -->
<!-- Copyright 2024 Workiva -->
<title>Document</title></head><body><div id="i6a6e4edf9b69456294dd6191e213d114_1"></div><div style="min-height:57.6pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 9, 2024</font></div><div style="text-align:right"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Registration No. 333-</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;________</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:98.900%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:7pt double #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="padding-left:2.75pt;padding-right:2.75pt;text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:1.37pt;padding-right:1.37pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0.18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">UNITED STATES</font></div><div style="padding-left:2.75pt;padding-right:2.75pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</font></div></td></tr></table></div><div style="margin-bottom:3pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Washington, D.C. 20549</font></div><div style="padding-left:78.29pt;padding-right:78.29pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">__________________________</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:0.18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:14pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">FORM S-8</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">REGISTRATION STATEMENT</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">UNDER</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:3pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</font></div><div style="padding-left:78.29pt;padding-right:78.29pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">___________________________</font></div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:20pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)</font></div><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:0.18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:0.18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:0.18pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:86.538%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:32.233%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:32.233%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:32.234%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 2.12pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Delaware</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 2.12pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">77-0160744</font></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 2.12pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">(State or other jurisdiction of</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 2.12pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">(I.R.S. Employer</font></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 2.12pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">incorporation or organization)</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 2.12pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Identification No.)</font></td></tr></table></div><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:0.18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:0.18pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:47.617%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:2.203%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:47.780%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 2.12pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">555 Heritage Drive, Suite 200</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 2.12pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Jupiter, Florida</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 2.12pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">33458</font></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 2.12pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">(Address of principal executive offices)</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 2.12pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">(Zip Code)</font></td></tr></table></div><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:0.18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:0.18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:700;line-height:104%">Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%"> (Full title of the plan)</font></div><div style="padding-left:78.29pt;padding-right:78.29pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">___________________________</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:104%">Todd C. Davis </font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:104%">Chief Executive Officer</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:104%">Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated </font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:104%">555 Heritage Drive, Suite 200</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:104%">Jupiter, Florida 33458</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:104%">(Name and address of agent for service)</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:104%">(858) 550-7500</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:104%">(Telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)</font></div><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:78.29pt;padding-right:78.29pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">____________________________</font></div><div style="margin-top:6pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Copies to&#58;</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Sean Donahue, Esq.</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Paul Hastings LLP</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">2050 M Street NW</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Washington, DC  20036</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">(202) 551-1700</font></div><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:78.29pt;padding-right:78.29pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">_____________________________</font></div><div style="padding-right:-7.75pt;text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-right:-15.5pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company,&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</font></div><div style="padding-right:-15.5pt"><font><br></font></div><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:92.788%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:29.642%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:2.872%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:27.742%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:31.715%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:2.529%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Large Accelerated Filer</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#9746;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="margin-bottom:9pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Accelerated Filer</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#9744;</font></td></tr><tr style="height:15pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Non-Accelerated Filer</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#9744;</font></td><td colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">(do not check if a smaller reporting company)</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Smaller Reporting Company</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#9744;</font></td></tr><tr style="height:15pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Emerging Growth Company</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#9744;</font></td></tr></table></div><div style="height:47.52pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:57.6pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-right:-15.5pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-right:-15.5pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. </font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#9744;</font></div><div style="padding-right:-7.75pt;text-align:center;text-indent:0.18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="height:47.52pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div></div></div><div id="i6a6e4edf9b69456294dd6191e213d114_4"></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:57.6pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">EXPLANATORY NOTE</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">This Registration Statement on Form S-8 is being filed for the purpose of registering an additional 1,300,000 shares of common stock of Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (&#8220;Ligand&#8221; or the &#8220;Company&#8221;) available for issuance under the 2002 Plan (as defined below).  On June 14, 2024, our stockholders adopted an amendment and restatement of the Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective June 10, 2022 (such amended and restated plan effective June 14, 2024, the &#8220;2002 Plan&#8221;) that, among other things, increased the number of shares available for grant and issuance under the 2002 Plan by 1,300,000 shares. We previously filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-131029) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;Commission&#8221;), to register shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2002 Plan at a time when Ligand was not eligible to file a Registration Statement on Form S-8. However, Ligand later became eligible to file a Registration Statement on Form S-8 and opted to file a Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 on Form S-8 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 for the purpose of converting the Registration Statement on Form S-1 into a Registration Statement on Form S-8. Please see the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Commission on January 13, 2006, Amendment No. 1 to Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the Commission on February 10, 2006, and Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 on Form S-8 to Form S-1 Registration Statement filed with the Commission on June 18, 2007 for further detail. In accordance with Instruction E to Form S-8, the contents of these prior registration statements and the registration statements on Form S-8, File No. 333-182547, File No. 333-160132, File No. 333-117129, File No. 333-106375, File No. 333-91414, File No. 333-212775, File No. 333-233130, File No. 333-252480 and File No. 333-265545 previously filed with respect to the 2002 Plan, are hereby incorporated by reference.</font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0.18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">   </font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">PART I</font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">The documents containing the information specified in Part I of Form S-8 will be sent or given to participants as specified by Rule 428(b)(1) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;). These documents and the documents incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement pursuant to Item 3 of Part II of this Registration Statement, taken together, constitute a prospectus that meets the requirements of Section 10(a) of the Securities Act.</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">PART II</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="text-indent:0.18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-indent:0.18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Item 3. Incorporation of Documents by Reference.</font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%"> </font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">The Commission allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this Registration Statement, and information that we file later with the Commission will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the following documents we have filed, or may file, with the Commission&#58;</font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">(1)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;the description of our common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Commission on November&#160;21, 1994, and any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description&#59;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">(2)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;our Annual Report on </font><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616324000009/lgnd-20231231.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">Form 10-K</a></font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%"> for the fiscal year ended December&#160;31, 2023 filed with the Commission on February&#160;29, 2024&#59;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;padding-left:72pt;text-indent:-36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">(3)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;the information specifically incorporated by reference into our Annual Report on </font><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616324000009/lgnd-20231231.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">Form 10-K</a></font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%"> for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 from our Definitive Proxy Statement on </font><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616324000020/lngd-20240424.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">Schedule 14A</a></font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">, filed with the Commission on April 25, 2024&#59;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">(4)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024 filed with the Commission on </font><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616324000032/lgnd-20240331.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">May 8, 2024</a></font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#59; </font></div><div style="height:56.88pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:57.6pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">(5)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on </font><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616324000002/lgnd-20240105.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">January </a><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616324000002/lgnd-20240105.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">8</a><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616324000002/lgnd-20240105.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">, 2024</a></font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">, </font><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616324000013/lgnd-20240417.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">April 19, 2024</a></font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">, </font><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616324000029/lgnd-20240507.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">May 7, 2024</a></font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%"> (only the Form 8-K reporting under item 1.01), </font><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616324000039/lgnd-20240529.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">May 30, 2024</a></font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">, </font><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616324000045/lgnd-20240614.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">June 17, 2024</a></font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">, </font><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616324000047/lgnd-20240618.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">June 18, 2024</a></font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">, </font><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616324000051/lgnd-20240627.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">June 27, 2024</a></font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%"> and </font><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616324000053/lgnd-20240708.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;text-decoration:underline">July 8, 2024</a></font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#59; and</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">(6)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;all documents filed by us with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;), after the date of this Registration Statement and prior to the termination of this offering of securities.</font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Any statement incorporated herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus. Under no circumstances will any information filed under current item 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or related exhibits furnished pursuant to current item 9.01 of Form 8-K be deemed incorporated herein by reference unless such Form 8-K expressly provides to the contrary. </font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Item 4. Description of Securities.</font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Not applicable.</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Item 5. Interests of Named Experts and Counsel.</font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Not applicable.</font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Item 6. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.</font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Subsection (a) of Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (referred to as the &#8220;DGCL&#8221;) empowers a corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or who is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys&#8217; fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the person&#8217;s conduct was unlawful.</font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Subsection (b) of Section 145 empowers a corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that the person acted in any of the capacities set forth above, against expenses (including attorneys&#8217; fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.</font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Section 145 further provides that to the extent a director or officer of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsections (a) and (b) of Section 145, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys&#8217; fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith&#59; that indemnification provided for by Section 145 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the indemnified party may be entitled&#59; and the indemnification provided for by Section 145 shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or </font></div><div style="height:56.88pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:57.6pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of such person&#8217;s heirs, executors and administrators. Section 145 also empowers the corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liabilities under Section 145.</font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL provides that a corporation&#8217;s certificate of incorporation may contain a provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, provided that such provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director (i) for any breach of the director&#8217;s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the DGCL or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.</font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides for indemnification of its directors, officers, employees and other agents to the maximum extent permitted by the DGCL, and our bylaws provide for indemnification of its directors, officers, employees and other agents to the maximum extent permitted by the DGCL.</font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">In addition, we have entered into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and officers which may be broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in the DGCL. These indemnification agreements may require us, among other things, to indemnify our officers and directors against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct. These indemnification agreements also may require us to advance any expenses incurred by the directors or officers as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified. In addition, we have purchased a policy of directors&#8217; and officers&#8217; liability insurance that insures our directors and officers against the cost of defense, settlement or payment of a judgment in some circumstances. These indemnification provisions and the indemnification agreements may be sufficiently broad to permit indemnification of our officers and directors for liabilities, including reimbursement of expenses incurred, arising under the Securities Act.</font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Item 7. Exemption from Registration Claimed.</font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Not applicable.</font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="height:56.88pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:57.6pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="text-indent:0.18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Item 8. Exhibits.</font></div><div style="text-indent:18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:0.07pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:95.352%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:6.126%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.808%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:42.933%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.640%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:7.639%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.152%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:8.311%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:9.152%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:7.139%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr style="height:13pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr style="height:18pt"><td colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Exhibit<br>Number</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Exhibit Description</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="12" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Incorporated by Reference</font></td><td colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Filed<br>Herewith</font></td></tr><tr style="height:18pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Form</font></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">File No.</font></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Exhibit</font></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Filing Date</font></td></tr><tr style="height:14pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/886163/0000936392-98-001000.txt" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">3.1</a></font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">S-4</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">333-58823</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">3.1</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">07&#47;09&#47;1998</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr style="height:5pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:-12pt"><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616324000013/lgnd-20240417.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">3.2</a></font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">8-K</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">001-33093</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">3.1</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">4&#47;19&#47;2024</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr style="height:5pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:-12pt"><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616301000008/0000886163-01-000008-0002.txt" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">3.3</a></font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company dated June 14, 2000</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">10-K</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">000-20720</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">3.5</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">03&#47;29&#47;2001</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr style="height:5pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616304000015/ex3-6.txt" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">3.4</a></font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company dated June&#160;30, 2004</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">10-Q</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">000-20720</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">3.6</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">08&#47;05&#47;2004</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr style="height:5pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:-12pt"><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000119312510264942/dex31.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">3.5</a></font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated November&#160;17, 2010</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">8-K</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">001-33093</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">3.1</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">11&#47;19&#47;2010</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr style="height:5pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"><div style="padding-left:12pt;text-indent:-12pt"><font><br></font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:-12pt"><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616319000157/exhibit36.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">3.6</a></font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated June 19, 2018</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">S-8</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">333-233130</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">3.6</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">08&#47;08&#47;2019</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr style="height:5pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:-12pt"><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616318000030/lgndexhibi41.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">4.1</a></font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Specimen stock certificate for shares of the common stock of the Company</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">10-K</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">001-33093</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">4.1</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">03&#47;01&#47;2018</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr style="height:5pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"><div style="padding-left:12pt;text-indent:-12pt"><font><br></font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:-12pt"><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616320000025/exh43lgnddescriptionofse.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">4.2</a></font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Description of Registered Securities</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">10-K</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">001-33093</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">4.3</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">02&#47;24&#47;2021</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr style="height:5pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="ligand-51opiniontosx8final.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">5.1</a></font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Opinion of Paul Hastings LLP</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">X</font></td></tr><tr style="height:5pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/886163/000088616324000020/lngd-20240424.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">10.1</a></font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">2002 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective June 14, 2024</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">DEF 14A</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">001-33093</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Appendix A</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:right;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">04&#47;25&#47;2024</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr style="height:5pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="s-8_exhibit231x792024.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">23.1</a></font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Consent of Ernst &#38; Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">X</font></td></tr><tr style="height:5pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:-12pt"><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="ligand-51opiniontosx8final.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">23.2</a></font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Consent of Paul Hastings LLP (included in Exhibit&#160;5.1 hereto)</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">X</font></td></tr><tr style="height:5pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:-12pt"><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="#i6a6e4edf9b69456294dd6191e213d114_7" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">24.1</a></font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Power of Attorney (see signature page)</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">X</font></td></tr><tr style="height:5pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center;text-indent:-12pt"><font style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline"><a href="exhibit107_july2024.htm" style="color:#0000ff;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">107</a></font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Calculation of Filing Fee Table</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">X</font></td></tr></table></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;text-indent:0.72pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Item 9. Undertakings.</font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-36pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">(a)</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;padding-left:6.91pt">The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes&#58;</font></div><div style="margin-top:0.05pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:54pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">(1)</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;padding-left:6.34pt">To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement&#58;</font></div><div style="margin-top:0.1pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-9.55pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">(i)</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;padding-left:8.57pt">To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act&#894;</font></div><div style="margin-top:0.05pt;padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:128%">(ii)</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:128%;padding-left:5.8pt">To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in this Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate </font></div><div style="height:56.88pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:57.6pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:128%">offering price set forth in the &#8220;Calculation of Filing Fee Table&#8221; in the effective registration statement&#59; and</font></div><div style="margin-top:0.3pt;padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:128%">(iii)</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:128%;padding-left:3.03pt">To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in this Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement&#59;</font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:72pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;line-height:128%">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;provided, however</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:128%">, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i)  and (a)(1)(ii) above do not apply if this registration statement is on Form S-8 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement.</font></div><div style="margin-top:0.25pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-9.55pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:54pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">(2)</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;padding-left:6.34pt">That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</font></div><div style="margin-top:0.05pt;padding-left:54pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:54pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:128%">(3)</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:128%;padding-left:6.34pt">To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.</font></div><div style="margin-top:0.3pt;text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">(b)</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:6.34pt">The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the Registrant&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial </font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">bona fide </font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">offering thereof.</font></div><div style="margin-top:0.25pt;padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:128%">(c)</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:128%;padding-left:6.91pt">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act, and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="height:56.88pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div></div></div><div id="i6a6e4edf9b69456294dd6191e213d114_7"></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:57.6pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">SIGNATURES</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Courier New',monospace;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-8 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Jupiter, State of Florida, on July 9, 2024.</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Courier New',monospace;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%"> </font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Courier New',monospace;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">   </font></div><div style="padding-left:253.05pt"><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:51.602%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:10.390%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.973%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:85.237%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="9" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="padding-right:2.8pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated</font></div></td></tr><tr style="height:12pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="padding-right:0.8pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">By</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="padding-right:0.8pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="padding-left:0.4pt;padding-right:0.4pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#47;s&#47; Todd C. Davis</font></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="padding-right:0.8pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="padding-left:0.4pt;padding-right:0.4pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Todd C. Davis</font></div><div style="padding-left:0.4pt;padding-right:0.4pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Chief Executive Officer</font></div></td></tr></table></div><div style="padding-left:216pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:234pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">        </font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">POWER OF ATTORNEY</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Todd C. Davis, Matthew Korenberg and Octavio Espinoza, and each of them acting individually, as his or her attorney-in-fact, each with full power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Registration Statement on Form S-8 (including post-effective amendments), and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or any substitute, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated&#58;</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">       </font></div><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:100.000%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:35.321%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.397%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:42.350%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.397%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:15.835%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr style="height:13pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Signature</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Title</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Date</font></td></tr><tr style="height:14pt"><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">s</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Todd C. Davis</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:0.75pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Todd C. Davis</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Chief Executive Officer and</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Director (Principal Executive Officer)</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">July 9, 2024</font></td></tr><tr style="height:13pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">s</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Octavio Espinoza</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:0.75pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Octavio Espinoza</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Chief Financial Officer </font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">July 9, 2024</font></td></tr><tr style="height:11pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">s</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;John W. Kozarich&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#160;&#160;&#160;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:0.75pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">John W. Kozarich, Ph.D.</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Chairman</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">July 9, 2024</font></td></tr><tr style="height:13pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">s</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Jason M. Aryeh&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;&#160;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:0.75pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Jason M. Aryeh</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Director</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">July 9, 2024</font></td></tr><tr style="height:13pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">s</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Nancy R. Gray&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:0.75pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Nancy R. Gray, Ph.D.</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Director</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">July 9, 2024</font></td></tr><tr style="height:8pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">s</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Jason Haas    &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:0.75pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Jason Hass</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Director</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">July 9, 2024</font></td></tr><tr style="height:9pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">s</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;John L. LaMattina&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:0.75pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">John L. LaMattina, Ph.D.</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Director</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">July 9, 2024</font></td></tr><tr style="height:8pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="6" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">s</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Stephen L. Sabba&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:0.75pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Stephen L. Sabba, M.D.</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Director</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">July 9, 2024</font></td></tr><tr style="height:9pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:top"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">s</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">&#47;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Martine Zimmermann&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:8.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;&#160;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:0.75pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Martine Zimmermann, Pharm.D.</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Director</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:7.5pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">&#160;</font></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">July 9, 2024</font></td></tr></table></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-indent:-36pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="height:43.2pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div></div></div></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-FILING FEES
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>exhibit107_july2024.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-FILING FEES
<TEXT>
<html><head>
<!-- Document created using Wdesk -->
<!-- Copyright 2024 Workiva -->
<title>Document</title></head><body><div id="iaacafb168383430cb5d4dc626e96923b_1"></div><div style="min-height:57.6pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:right;text-indent:-36pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;text-indent:36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Exhibit 107</font></div><div style="padding-left:3pt;padding-right:3pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">CALCULATION OF FILING FEE TABLE</font></div><div style="padding-left:3pt;padding-right:3pt;text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:3pt;padding-right:3pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Form S-8</font></div><div style="padding-left:3pt;padding-right:3pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">(Form Type)</font></div><div style="padding-left:3pt;padding-right:3pt;text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:3pt;padding-right:3pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated</font></div><div style="padding-left:3pt;padding-right:3pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</font></div><div style="padding-left:3pt;padding-right:3pt;text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:3pt;padding-right:3pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%;text-decoration:underline">Table 1&#58; Newly Registered Securities</font></div><div style="padding-left:3pt;padding-right:3pt;text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div><table style="border-collapse:collapse;display:inline-table;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:99.198%"><tr><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:8.269%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.446%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:7.785%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.446%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:10.531%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.446%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:11.662%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.446%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:8.754%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.446%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:18.124%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.446%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:8.593%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:0.446%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td><td style="width:1.0%"></td><td style="width:12.960%"></td><td style="width:0.1%"></td></tr><tr style="height:7pt"><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="padding:0 1pt"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Security Type</font></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Security</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Class</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Title</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Fee</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Calculation</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Rule</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Amount to be</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Registered (1)</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Proposed</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Maximum</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Offering</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Price Per</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Share </font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Proposed Maximum</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Aggregate</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Offering</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Price</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Fee</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Rate</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-right:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Amount of</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Registration</font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;line-height:124%">Fee</font></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="padding-left:7.87pt;padding-right:7.87pt;text-align:center;text-indent:-10pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:124%">Equity</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom"><div style="text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:124%">Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share</font></div></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Rule 457(c) and Rule 457(h)</font></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">1,300,000 (2)</font></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">$84.35 (3)</font></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">$109,655,000.00 </font></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">$147.60 per $1,000,000</font></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-right:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">$16,185.08</font></td></tr><tr><td colspan="21" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Total Offering Amounts</font></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">$109,655,000.00</font></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-right:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">$16,185.08</font></td></tr><tr><td colspan="21" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Total Fee Offsets (4)</font></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-right:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">$0</font></td></tr><tr><td colspan="21" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">Net Fee Due</font></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:0 1pt"></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;border-right:0.75pt solid #000000;border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding:2px 1pt;text-align:center;vertical-align:top"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:9pt;font-weight:400;line-height:100%">$16,185.08</font></td></tr></table></div><div style="padding-left:3pt;padding-right:3pt;text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="margin-top:0.35pt"><font><br></font></div><div style="padding-left:27pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%">(1)</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:112%;padding-left:6.34pt">Pursuant to Rule 416(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), this Registration Statement shall also cover any additional shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 (&#8220;Common Stock&#8221;), of Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (the &#8220;Registrant&#8221;) that become issuable under the Registrant&#8217;s Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Incorporated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the &#8220;Plan&#8221;) by reason of any stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization or other similar transaction effected without receipt of consideration that increases the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock.</font></div><div style="padding-left:27pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">(2)</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:6.34pt">Represents 1,300,000 shares of Common Stock authorized for future issuance under the Plan.  </font></div><div style="padding-left:27pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">(3)</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:6.34pt">Estimated in accordance with Rule 457(c) and Rule 457(h) under the Securities Act solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee. The maximum price per share and maximum aggregate offering price are based upon the average of the high and low prices of the Common Stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Market on July 1, 2024, which date is within five business days prior to filing this Registration Statement.</font></div><div style="padding-left:27pt;text-indent:-18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">(4)</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:6.34pt">The Registrant does not have any fee offsets.</font></div><div style="height:43.2pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>ligand-51opiniontosx8final.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-5.1
<TEXT>
<html><head>
<!-- Document created using Wdesk -->
<!-- Copyright 2024 Workiva -->
<title>Document</title></head><body><div id="ibbc68ee16cee4a35a9c52499582388d0_1"></div><div style="min-height:165.6pt;width:100%"><div><img alt="logo.jpg" src="logo.jpg" style="height:42px;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:144px"></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">Exhibit 5.1</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#160;</font></div></div><div style="margin-bottom:18pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">July 9, 2024</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated<br>555 Heritage Drive, Suite 200<br>Jupiter, FL 33458</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;padding-left:36pt;padding-right:5.75pt;text-indent:-36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Re&#58; Registration Statement on Form&#160;S-8</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:12pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Ladies and Gentlemen&#58; </font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">We have acted as counsel to Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the &#8220;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">Company</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8221;), in connection with the preparation of the registration statement on Form&#160;S-8 to be filed by the Company with the U.S.&#160;Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">Commission</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8221;) on or about the date hereof (the &#8220;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">Registration Statement</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8221;) to effect registration under the Securities Act of&#160;1933, as amended (the &#8220;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">Securities Act</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8221;), of an aggregate of 1,300,000 shares (the &#8220;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8221;) of the Company&#8217;s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (&#8220;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">Common Stock</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8221;), reserved for issuance under the Company&#8217;s Amended and Restated </font><font style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">2002 Stock Incentive Plan</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%"> (the &#8220;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">Plan</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8221;) as a result of an increase of the number of shares available for grant and issuance under the Plan, which was adopted by the Company&#8217;s board of directors and approved by the Company&#8217;s stockholders at the Company&#8217;s 2024 annual meeting of stockholders held on June 14, 2024.  </font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">As such counsel and for purposes of our opinion set forth below, we have examined and relied upon originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such documents, resolutions, certificates and instruments of the Company and corporate records furnished to us by the Company, and have reviewed certificates of public officials, statutes, records and such other instruments and documents as we have deemed necessary or appropriate as a basis for the opinion set forth below, including, without limitation&#58;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;padding-left:72pt;text-indent:-36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:32.5pt">(i)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;the Registration Statement&#59;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;padding-left:72pt;text-indent:-36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:32.5pt">(ii)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended (the &#8220;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">Certificate of Incorporation</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8221;), as certified as of July 9, 2024 by the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware&#59;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;padding-left:72pt;text-indent:-36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:32.5pt">(iii)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;the Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company as presently in effect, as certified by an officer of the Company on July 9, 2024&#59;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;padding-left:72pt;text-indent:-36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:32.5pt">(iv)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;the Plan&#59;</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;padding-left:72pt;text-indent:-36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:32.5pt">(v)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;a certificate, dated as of July 9, 2024, from the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, certifying as to the existence and good standing of the Company in the State of Delaware (the &#8220;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:120%">Good Standing Certificate</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8221;)&#59;  </font></div><div style="height:72pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div style="text-align:right"><img alt="contact.jpg" src="contact.jpg" style="height:40px;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:624px"></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:165.6pt;width:100%"><div style="margin-bottom:12pt"><img alt="logo.jpg" src="logo.jpg" style="height:42px;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:144px"></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">July 9, 2024</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Page 2</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#160;</font></div></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;padding-left:72pt;text-indent:-36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:32.5pt">(vi)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;the resolutions adopted by the board of directors of the Company regarding the Plan, and other matters related thereto, as certified by an officer of the Company on July 9, 2024&#59; and</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt;padding-left:72pt;text-indent:-36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#8226;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%;padding-left:32.5pt">(vii)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;the minutes of the meeting of stockholders of the Company regarding the Plan, and other matters related thereto, as certified by an officer of the Company on July 9, 2024.</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">In addition to the foregoing, we have made such investigations of law as we have deemed necessary or appropriate as a basis for the opinion set forth in this opinion letter.</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">In such examination and in rendering the opinion expressed below, we have assumed, without independent investigation or verification&#58; (i)&#160;the genuineness of all signatures on all agreements, instruments, corporate records, certificates and other documents submitted to us&#59; (ii)&#160;the authenticity and completeness of all agreements, instruments, corporate records, certificates and other documents submitted to us as originals&#59; (iii)&#160;that all agreements, instruments, corporate records, certificates and other documents submitted to us as certified, electronic, facsimile, conformed, photostatic or other copies conform to originals thereof, and that such originals are authentic and complete&#59; (iv)&#160;the legal capacity, competency and authority of all individuals executing all agreements, instruments, corporate records, certificates and other documents&#59; (v)&#160;the due authorization, execution and delivery of all agreements, instruments, corporate records, certificates and other documents by all parties thereto (other than the Company)&#59; (vi)&#160;that no documents submitted to us have been amended or terminated orally or in writing except as has been disclosed to us in writing&#59; (vii)&#160;that the statements contained in the certificates and comparable documents of public officials, officers and representatives of the Company and other persons on which we have relied for the purposes of this opinion letter are true and correct on and as of the date hereof&#59; (viii)&#160;that there has not been any change in the good standing status of the Company from that reported in the Good Standing Certificate&#59; and (ix)&#160;that each of the officers and directors of the Company has properly exercised his or her fiduciary duties.  As to all questions of fact material to this opinion letter, and as to the materiality of any fact or other matter referred to herein, we have relied (without independent investigation or verification) upon representations and certificates or comparable documents of officers and representatives of the Company.  We have also assumed that the individual issuances, grants, awards or grants of purchase rights under the Plan will be duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Company and duly issued, granted or awarded and exercised in accordance with the requirements of law, the Plan and the agreements, forms of instrument, awards and grants duly adopted thereunder. We have also assumed that upon the issuance of any Shares, the total number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding will not exceed the total number of shares of Common Stock that the Company is then authorized to issue under the Certificate of Incorporation.</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Based upon the foregoing, and in reliance thereon, and subject to the assumptions, limitations, qualifications and exceptions set forth herein, we are of the opinion that the Shares are duly authorized and, when issued and sold as described in the Registration Statement and in accordance with the Plan and the applicable award agreements or forms of instrument evidencing purchase rights thereunder (including the receipt by the Company of the full consideration therefor), will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</font></div><div style="height:72pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div style="min-height:165.6pt;width:100%"><div style="margin-bottom:12pt"><img alt="logo.jpg" src="logo.jpg" style="height:42px;margin-bottom:5pt;vertical-align:text-bottom;width:144px"></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">July 9, 2024</font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Page 3</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#160;</font></div></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">Without limiting any of the other assumptions, limitations, qualifications and exceptions stated elsewhere herein, we express no opinion with regard to the applicability or effect of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as in effect on the date of this opinion letter. </font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">This opinion letter deals only with the specified legal issues expressly addressed herein, and you should not infer any opinion that is not explicitly stated herein from any matter addressed in this opinion letter.</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">This opinion letter is rendered solely in connection with the preparation and filing of the Registration Statement.  This opinion letter is rendered as of the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to advise you or any other person with regard to any change after the date hereof in the circumstances or the law that may bear on the matters set forth herein even if the change may affect the legal analysis or a legal conclusion or other matters in this opinion letter.</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as Exhibit&#160;5.1 to the Registration Statement.  In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section&#160;7 of the Securities Act or the rules or regulations of the Commission thereunder.</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%"><br>Very truly yours,</font></div><div style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Arial',sans-serif;font-size:10pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#47;s&#47; Paul Hastings LLP<br><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="height:72pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>s-8_exhibit231x792024.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-23.1
<TEXT>
<html><head>
<!-- Document created using Wdesk -->
<!-- Copyright 2024 Workiva -->
<title>Document</title></head><body><div id="i9f8282456e1847018168881de77e8d24_1"></div><div style="min-height:72pt;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div><div style="padding-left:36pt;text-align:right;text-indent:-36pt"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Exhibit 23.1</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div style="margin-top:9pt;text-align:center"><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:700;line-height:100%">Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm </font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div style="text-align:center"><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (Form S-8) pertaining to the Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan of Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. of our reports dated February 29, 2024, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Ligand Pharmaceuticals included in its Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">&#47;s&#47; Ernst &#38; Young LLP</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">San Diego, California</font></div><div><font><br></font></div><div><font style="color:#000000;font-family:'Times New Roman',sans-serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:400;line-height:120%">July 9, 2024</font></div><div style="height:72pt;position:relative;width:100%"><div style="bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%"><div><font><br></font></div></div></div></body></html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>contact.jpg
<TEXT>
begin 644 contact.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! 0$ W #<  #_VP!#  ," @," @,# P,$ P,$!0@%!00$
M!0H'!P8(# H,# L*"PL-#A(0#0X1#@L+$!80$1,4%145# \7&!84&!(4%13_
MVP!# 0,$! 4$!0D%!0D4#0L-%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04
M%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!3_P  1" !$! X# 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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M+E #AP5;!P=RCM7GR?LQHJ@'XH_$P>P\3/C_ - H S_$/_)[?@__ +$S4/\
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M4)P ,=*[5O@OHNI?#FY\%>(+O5?%FDW!)DGUR]:>ZSN#*1+@$%2 5(P5P,4
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M_"7QY=Z]XTU?3_B5;>'+76]:EOX7T#3H+V1XU1(8DFDN49<JD(RL:CG=\QH
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M>15"\YR#$W4=Q5#X$W5W>_!;P+<7Q8WDNBV;RE\Y+&%>37*>%/\ D[+X@?\
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M **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@
MHHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "BBB@ HHHH **** "B
MBB@ HHHH **** /)?B/\&=6\2_%#P]X^\-^)8M US2[";2Y(KS3Q>03V\KJY
M^7S$*N"IPV3UZ5U$?@_7%^*3>)6\57+^'SI7V$>&3 OD"X\Q7^U>9G.[:"FW
M&,-7944 %<-XR^&R>+/'_@3Q,=0:V?PO<7EPEL(@PN#/;/ 06R-NW?NZ'.*[
MFB@!O\-<7-\.%F^+UKXY^W,)(-&DT?[%Y?!#3+)OWY[%<8QWKMJ* .(^(7@_
M7_%%UX9DT/Q3/X;CTW58;V_CAA$@U&W0Y>V;D;0_/S"O.O%G[//C'5OC%J?Q
M T+XD0:)=W%I%8VMM=^'8K\V,* EEB=Y1MWL2S8 SQZ5[Y10!YCX#\#_ !&T
M+7/M/BCXE0>*M-\MD-A'X>AL3O/1_,61CQZ8KGM/^"?B_P"'-UJ=O\./&-AH
M_AW4+J6[&C:WI+7R6$LK%Y6MG2:,A6=F;8^X DU[?10!X7>?LSO_ ,*A\6>$
M[#Q=?6?B+Q7(T^L^*Y( ]Q<R.0'.P,JJNP>6%4@*OKWJ:'\$?BQX9T>STK2?
MC%ING:=9QK#;VUOX*ME2-%& %'G=J]_HH \Z\3^!/%^O>#] TVV\=2Z;K=C?
M6US?:Q:V*I]NCC8F2(Q;L()!@<$XK,\:_!K4KSQXGCGP9XB7PMXJ>U6QOOM-
MI]LLM1@4EHTFBWH04).'1@0"1S7K%% 'DWAGX/:S-XZL_&GCGQ+'XDUS3HI(
MM*L["S^Q:?IWF+ME>.,N[L[+\N]W.%R,5E:?\$?%OP[U+51\-_&%AH^@:G=2
MWLFAZYI37T5G/*VZ62V=)HF4,Q+;'+*#TP.*]NHH \\^%?PGC^',FM:I?:Q=
M>(_%&O3)/JNLW:+&TY0%8XTC7Y8XXP2%4$XR>3FK/CCX:IXR\9^"?$#W[6I\
M,W4]TMN(@PN/-A,14MGY<;LY&>E=U10!Q?Q4\(:[XV\"ZCH_AOQ//X/UBX*>
M3K%O$)7@PP+84D=0".O>NO6,JHYRV/UJ6B@#B/AG\.%^'-MX@@COFOQJVLW6
MKEFCV>69FW&,<G.,=>]0>*OA?'XJ^)W@GQ=/J!1/"ZWC0V'DAA++<1B+S"Y;
M@HN\?=YWGFN^HH IWUA#J%C<6ES$DUM/&T4D3C*LI!!4CT(.*\4T7X)_$'P%
MHO\ PBW@WXBV=AX2C!CL8]5T8WE]IL/:*&43(K*N<+YB-@ #G%>[T4 >0?\
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MR/<>&?AW;^%]+\<75N^BZ^_B#PWJ36*--ITK/*S)+EL7 832J<A>&(K8\2?
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MYW)/ XKUVB@#Q^Z^ T_BKX1Z/X4\7^*;[7/$&F3K>V_BJ%!!=Q7:2%XIT&2
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MU^#OPO\ #O@R/4&U1-'MOLXO&B\HR\DYV[CCKZUW5%% !1110 4444 %%%%
M!1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %
M%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 44
M44 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !111
M0 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%%
M!1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 %
:%%% !1110 4444 %%%% !1110 4444 ?_]D!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>logo.jpg
<TEXT>
begin 644 logo.jpg
M_]C_X  02D9)1@ ! 0$ E@"6  #_VP!#  ," @," @,# P,$ P,$!0@%!00$
M!0H'!P8(# H,# L*"PL-#A(0#0X1#@L+$!80$1,4%145# \7&!84&!(4%13_
MVP!# 0,$! 4$!0D%!0D4#0L-%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04
M%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!04%!3_P  1" !4 1\# 2(  A$! Q$!_\0
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M-7ZLU\"?\%2?@Y+?^&] ^*.E1,M[HLBV%_+#]Y8';,,F?]B7C_MK7TW^RO\
M&2+XZ_!+P[XF:16U/R_LFI)_=NX_ED_[Z^\/9A66%_<SEAWTU7H=>=VS'#4<
MW@M9>[/RDMOO7Z'L%?!?_!6O_DF_@3_L+R_^B#7WI7P7_P %:_\ DF_@3_L+
MR_\ H@UKC?\ =Y'#PW_R-J'J_P F?47[+_\ R;G\-/\ L7['_P!$I7J5>6_L
MO_\ )N?PT_[%^Q_]$I7J5=-+^''T1XV,_P!ZJ_XI?F?F1^W%_P GZ?#/_N"_
M^G!Z_3>OS(_;B_Y/T^&?_<%_].#U^F]<>%_B5?4^CSK_ '' ?X/U/ /V[/\
MDTKXB_\ 7G'_ .CXZX#_ ()=_P#)LDG_ &';O^4==_\ MV?\FE?$7_KSC_\
M1\=<!_P2[_Y-DD_[#MW_ "CHE_OD?0*7_).U/^OJ_P#23Z^HHHKT3Y ****
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MAO\ Z&CX@_\ A;ZI_P#'Z/\ AE[PW_T-'Q!_\+?5/_C] 'L5%>._\,O>&_\
MH:/B#_X6^J?_ !^C_AE[PW_T-'Q!_P#"WU3_ ./T >Q45X[_ ,,O>&_^AH^(
M/_A;ZI_\?H_X9>\-_P#0T?$'_P +?5/_ (_0![%17CO_  R]X;_Z&CX@_P#A
M;ZI_\?H_X9>\-_\ 0T?$'_PM]4_^/T >Q45X[_PR]X;_ .AH^(/_ (6^J?\
MQ^C_ (9>\-_]#1\0?_"WU3_X_0![%17CO_#+WAO_ *&CX@_^%OJG_P ?H_X9
M>\-_]#1\0?\ PM]4_P#C] 'L5%>._P##+WAO_H:/B#_X6^J?_'Z/^&7O#?\
MT-'Q!_\ "WU3_P"/T >Q45X[_P ,O>&_^AH^(/\ X6^J?_'Z/^&7O#?_ $-'
MQ!_\+?5/_C] 'L5%>._\,O>&_P#H:/B#_P"%OJG_ ,?H_P"&7O#?_0T?$'_P
MM]4_^/T >Q45X[_PR]X;_P"AH^(/_A;ZI_\ 'Z/^&7O#?_0T?$'_ ,+?5/\
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MO:S_ /0YZ^Y: "O@S_@H=_R4CP7_ -@]_P#T=7WG7P9_P4._Y*1X+_[![_\
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6_9I+@ SWDS&2XE_WG/;V&!1138'_V0$!

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
