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Financial Royalty Assets, net (formerly known as Commercial License Rights) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Financial Royalty Assets, net (formerly known as Commercial License Rights) | Financial Royalty Assets, net (formerly known as Commercial License Rights) As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, financial royalty assets consist of the following (in thousands):
|  | December 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
|  | Gross carrying value(2) |  | Allowance (1) |  | Net carrying value (2) |  | Gross carrying value |  | Allowance (1) |  | Net carrying value
Qarziba |  | $ | 105,329 |  |  | $ | (484) |  |  | $ | 104,845 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Agenus (Bot/Bal) |  | 40,815 |  |  | (408) |  |  | 40,407 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Tolerance Therapeutics (Tzield) |  | 25,613 |  |  | (101) |  |  | 25,512 |  |  | 25,810 |  |  | (101) |  |  | 25,709 |
Ensifentrine inventors |  | 15,969 |  |  | (157) |  |  | 15,812 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Elutia (CorMatrix) |  | 9,418 |  |  | (2,268) |  |  | 7,150 |  |  | 13,304 |  |  | (7,490) |  |  | 5,814 |
InvIOs |  | 1,238 |  |  | (62) |  |  | 1,176 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Selexis |  | 205 |  |  | (58) |  |  | 147 |  |  | 940 |  |  | (179) |  |  | 761 |
Ovid (Soticlestat) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,310 |  |  | (303) |  |  | 30,007 |
Total financial royalty assets, net |  | $ | 198,587 |  |  | $ | (3,538) |  |  | $ | 195,049 |  |  | $ | 70,364 |  |  | $ | (8,073) |  |  | $ | 62,291 |
(1) The amounts of allowance include accumulated allowance for changes in expected cash flows and current expected credit losses. (2) The amounts include $10.0 million current portion of financial royalty assets which represents an estimation for current quarter royalty receipts that are collected during the subsequent quarter. This portion is presented in other current assets on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. Financial royalty assets represent a portfolio of future milestone and royalty payment rights acquired in the Apeiron Acquisition in July 2024, from Agenus in May 2024, Selexis, S.A. (“Selexis”) in April 2013 and May 2015, CorMatrix Cardiovascular, Inc. (“CorMatrix”) in May 2016, which was later acquired by Aziyo (Aziyo changed its corporate name to Elutia Inc. (“Elutia”) in September 2023) in 2017, Ovid Therapeutics Inc. (“Ovid”) in October 2023, Tolerance Therapeutics, Inc. (“Tolerance Therapeutics”) in November 2023, and from certain ensifentrine inventors in March and August 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded a $30.3 million impairment loss for Ovid (Soticlestat) financial royalty asset and a $0.3 million impairment loss for Selexis financial royalty asset. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded a $0.9 million impairment loss for Selexis financial royalty asset as a result of reduced programs. Apeiron Financial Royalty Assets As discussed in “Note (3), Acquisitions”, we acquired certain financial royalty assets within the Apeiron Acquisition, including Qarziba and certain InvIOs programs, recorded at $104.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively as of Apeiron Acquisition date. As Qarziba is a commercial phase program, we are able to reasonably estimate future cash flows and, as such, we recognized income from Qarziba financial royalty assets starting from the Apeiron Acquisition effective date. We accounted for InvIOs financial royalty assets using the non-accrual method until we are able to reliably estimate future cash flows. Tzield Agreement In November 2023, we acquired Tolerance Therapeutics for $20 million in cash. Tolerance Therapeutics is a holding company, owned by the inventors of Tzield (teplizumab), and is owed a royalty of less than 1% on worldwide net sales of Tzield. Tzield is marketed by Sanofi, starting in 2023. For tax purposes this transaction was treated as a stock deal, so there is no step-up in basis and tax attributes. Therefore, during the year ended December 31, 2024, a deferred tax liability (DTL) of $5.5 million was recognized on the book basis and tax basis difference and recorded to the book value of the Tolerance Therapeutics’ financial royalty asset. Due to the early stages of Tzield's commercialization, management has placed the investment on the non-accrual method until we are able to reliably estimate future cash flows. Ensifentrine Inventors Agreements In March and August 2024, we acquired future milestone and royalty rights related to ensifentrine from certain ensifentrine inventors for a total of $3.8 million and $13.6 million, respectively. On June 26, 2024, Verona Pharma plc received FDA approval for ensifentrine for the maintenance treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (“COPD”). During the third quarter of 2024, Verona started commercial sales of ensifentrine (marketed as Ohtuvayre) in the U.S. Due to the early stages of Ohtuvayre's commercialization, management has placed the investment on the non-accrual method until we are able to reliably estimate future cash flows. Elutia Agreement In 2016, Ligand entered into a purchase agreement to acquire certain financial royalty assets from CorMatrix. In 2017, CorMatrix sold its marketed products to Elutia where Elutia assumed the Ligand royalty obligation. In 2017, we amended the terms of the royalty agreement with Elutia where we received $10 million to buydown the royalty rates on the products CorMatrix sold to Elutia (the “CorMatrix Asset Sale”). Per the amended agreement with Elutia, we will receive a 5% royalty, with certain annual minimum payments, on the products Elutia acquired in the CorMatrix Asset Sale and up to $10 million of milestones tied to cumulative net sales of these products. The royalty agreement will terminate on May 31, 2027. During 2023, due to Elutia's nonpayment of the minimum payments under the amended royalty agreement over several quarters, we placed the Elutia asset on the non-accrual method. In January 2024, we executed an amendment to our agreement with Elutia which will allow us to reliably estimate future cash flows. As such, the Elutia asset was switched from the non-accrual method to the effective interest method during the first quarter of 2024. We further considered the current and expected future economic and market conditions, current company performance and recent payments received from Elutia. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we recorded a reduction of $5.2 million and an increase of $3.2 million, respectively, to Elutia allowance of expected credit loss. The credit loss adjustments were included in general and administrative expense in our consolidated statements of operations. Soticlestat Agreement In October 2023, we made an investment of $30 million to acquire a 13% portion of the royalties and milestones owed to Ovid Therapeutics related to the potential approval and commercialization of soticlestat. In June 2024, Takeda announced topline results of the phase 3 clinical trial of soticlestat, narrowly missing its primary endpoint to reduce convulsive seizure frequency compared to placebo in patients with Dravet syndrome, and missing its primary endpoint to reduce major motor drop seizure frequency compared to a placebo in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. In January 2025, Takeda announced its decision to discontinue its soticlestat program. As a result, in the year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized a full impairment of the soticlestat financial royalty asset.

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