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Acquisitions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Business Combinations [Abstract] |
Acquisitions | ACQUISITIONS Cascade Bancorp. On November 17, 2016, the Company entered into an agreement and plan of merger (the "Agreement") to acquire all of the outstanding stock of Cascade Bancorp (“Cascade”), parent company of Bank of the Cascades, an Oregon-based community bank with 46 banking offices across Oregon, Idaho and Washington. This transaction solidifies the Company's ability to strategically expand its community banking footprint in the Northwest corridor of the United States. The merger was completed on May 30, 2017. Holders of each share of Cascade common stock received 0.14864 shares of First Interstate Class A common stock and $1.91 in cash, without interest, for each share of Cascade common stock. In connection with the merger, the Company issued approximately 11.3 million shares of First Interstate Class A common stock, which was valued at $34.30 per share, which was the closing price of First Interstate Class A common stock on the acquisition date. Cash paid by First Interstate was approximately $155.0 million, which included the cash portion of the merger consideration and the cash in lieu of fractional shares that Cascade Bancorp shareholders would have otherwise been entitled to receive. Total consideration exchanged in connection with the merger amounted to $541.0 million. All “in-the-money” Cascade options and all Cascade restricted stock units outstanding immediately prior to the transaction close were canceled in exchange for the right to receive a cash payment as provided in the Agreement. The Company paid approximately $9.3 million in cash related to Cascade options and restricted stock units, which was included in the consideration paid. Unvested Cascade restricted stock awards outstanding immediately prior to the transaction close were canceled in exchange for the right to receive a cash payment and Company shares as provided in the Agreement. The Company paid a total of approximately $2.2 million in cash and issued approximately 168 thousand Company shares, valued at $34.30 per share, related to Cascade unvested restricted stock awards. Of the cash paid and shares issued related to Cascade unvested restricted stock awards, approximately $2.4 million was allocated to expense and excluded from consideration paid due to the acceleration of award vesting at the Company’s discretion. The remaining balance of approximately $5.5 million related to unvested Cascade restricted stock awards is included in the consideration paid. The assets and liabilities of Cascade were recorded in the Company's consolidated financial statements at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess value of the consideration paid over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. The purchase price allocation resulted in provisional goodwill of $231.9 million, which is not deductible for income tax purposes. Goodwill resulting from the acquisition was allocated to the Company's one operating segment, community banking, and consists largely of the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of Cascade and the Company. The following table summarizes the consideration paid, fair values of the Cascade assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the resulting goodwill. The amounts reported below for net deferred tax assets and goodwill are provisional pending completion of the Company's review of tax items.
| As Recorded | Fair Value |  | As Recorded
As of May 30, 2017 | by Cascade | Adjustments |  | by the Company
Assets acquired: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 246.8 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 246.8 |
Investment securities | 476.7 |  | 4.9 |  | (1) | 481.6 |
Loans held for investment | 2,111.0 |  | (31.7 | ) | (2) | 2,079.3 |
Mortgage loans held for sale | 10.3 |  | — |  |  | 10.3 |
Allowance for loan losses | (24.0 | ) | 24.0 |  | (3) | — |
Premises and equipment | 46.6 |  | 0.1 |  | (4) | 46.7 |
Other real estate owned ("OREO") | 1.2 |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |
Core deposit intangible assets | — |  | 48.0 |  | (5) | 48.0 |
Deferred tax assets, net | 47.6 |  | (19.0 | ) | (6) | 28.6 |
Other assets | 98.6 |  | 1.1 |  | (7) | 99.7 |
Total assets acquired | 3,014.8 |  | 27.4 |  |  | 3,042.2 |
Liabilities assumed: |  |  |  |
Deposits | 2,669.9 |  | (0.9 | ) | (8) | 2,669.0 |
Accounts payable and accrued expense | 62.2 |  | 1.9 |  | (9) | 64.1 |
Total liabilities assumed | 2,732.1 |  | 1.0 |  |  | 2,733.1 |
Net assets acquired | $ | 282.7 |  | $ | 26.4 |  |  | $ | 309.1 |
Consideration paid: |  |  |  |
Cash |  |  |  | $ | 155.0 |
Class A common stock |  |  |  | 386.0 |
Total consideration paid |  |  |  | $ | 541.0 |
Goodwill |  |  |  | $ | 231.9 |
Explanation of fair value adjustments. Note marks for the deferred tax assets, loans held for investment, and accounts payable and accrued expenses were adjusted due to loan and deferred compensation valuation adjustments since prior quarter reporting. Certain other balances have been reclassified, none of which are material. The adjustments had no impact on 2017 earnings and a net reduction to goodwill of $0.3 million from third quarter reported balances.
(1) | Write up of the book value of investments to their estimated fair values on the date of acquisition based upon quotes obtained from an independent third party pricing service.
(2) | Write down of the book value of loans to their estimated fair values. Shared National Credits (SNC) were recorded at quoted sales prices where available. The fair value of the remaining loans was estimated using cash flow projections based on the remaining maturity and repricing terms, adjusted for estimated future credit losses and prepayments and discounted to present value using a risk-adjusted market rate for similar loans. The fair value of collateral dependent loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality was estimated based on the Company's analysis of the fair value of each loan's underlying collateral, discounted using market-derived rates of return with consideration given to the period of time and costs associated with foreclosure and disposition of the collateral.
(3) | Adjustment to remove the Cascade allowance for loan losses at acquisition date, as the credit risk is included in the fair value adjustment for loans receivable described in (2) above.
(4) | Write up of the book value of premises and equipment to their estimated fair values on the date of acquisition based upon appraisals obtained from an independent third party appraiser or broker's opinion of value.
(5) | Adjustment represents the value of the core deposit base assumed in the acquisition based upon valuation from an independent accounting and advisory firm.
(6) | Adjustment consists of the write-off of pre-existing deferred tax assets and purchase accounting adjustments as a result of the acquisition.
(7) | Adjustment consists of various other assets recorded as a result of the acquisition, including mortgage servicing rights, SBA servicing rights, and favorable leases offset by reductions to the fair value of other items.
(8) | Decrease in book value of time deposits to their estimated fair values based upon interest rates of similar time deposits with similar terms on the date of acquisition based upon valuation from an independent accounting and advisory firm.
(9) | Increase in fair value due to credit card incentive program, unfavorable leases, write-off of balance sheet reserve, and swap liability offset.
Core deposit intangible assets of $48.0 million are being amortized using an accelerated method over the estimated useful lives of the related deposits of 10 years. The Company recorded $27.2 million in pre-tax acquisition related expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017, including legal and professional fees of $9.6 million, of which $6.5 million were incurred to directly consummate the merger. These costs are incorporated in non-interest expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income and are summarized below.
| December 31, 2017
Legal and professional fees | $ | 9.6 |
Employee expenses | 5.1 |
Technology conversion and contract termination | 10.2 |
Other | 2.3 |
Total acquisition related expenses | $ | 27.2 |
The Company acquired certain loans that are subject to Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 310-30 "Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality." ASC Topic 310-30 provides recognition, measurement and disclosure guidance for acquired loans that have evidence of deterioration in credit quality since origination for which it is probable, at acquisition, the Company will be unable to collect all contractual amounts owed. For loans that meet the criteria stipulated in ASC Topic 310-30, the excess of all cash flows expected at acquisition over the initial fair value of the loans acquired ("accretable yield") is amortized to interest income over the expected remaining lives of the underlying loans using the effective interest method. The accretable yield will fluctuate due to changes in (i) estimated lives of underlying credit-impaired loans, (ii) assumptions regarding future principal and interest amounts collected, and (iii) indices used to fair value variable rate loans. Information regarding loans acquired credit-impaired as of the May 30, 2017 acquisition date is as follows:
Contractually required principal and interest payments | $ | 49.7 |
Contractual cash flows not expected to be collected ("non-accretable discount") | 24.7 |
Cash flows expected to be collected | 25.0 |
Interest component of cash flows expected to be collected ("accretable discount") | 1.9 |
Fair value of acquired credit-impaired loans | $ | 23.1 |
Information regarding acquired loans not deemed credit-impaired at the acquisition date is as follows:
Contractually required principal and interest payments | $ | 2,098.1 |
Contractual cash flows not expected to be collected | 23.3 |
Fair value at acquisition | $ | 2,066.5 |
The accompanying consolidated statements of income include the results of operations of the acquired entity from the May 30, 2017 acquisition date. For the period from May 30, 2017 to June 30, 2017, Cascade reported revenues of $12.9 million and net income of $3.0 million. The acquired entity continued to operate as Bank of the Cascades until August 11, 2017 at which point the operations were integrated with the Company's operations, and Bank of the Cascades merged with First Interstate Bank. Standalone amounts for the Bank of the Cascades were no longer available after that date. The following table presents unaudited pro forma consolidated revenues and net income as if the acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2016.
Year ended December 31, (unaudited) | 2017 | 2016
Interest income | $ | 420.8 |  | $ | 392.7 |
Non-interest income | 153.3 |  | 165.9 |
Total revenues | $ | 574.1 |  | $ | 558.6 |
Net income | $ | 126.4 |  | $ | 72.3 |
EPS - basic | $ | 2.03 |  | $ | 1.30 |
EPS - diluted | 2.01 |  | 1.29 |
The unaudited supplemental pro forma net income presented in the table above for 2017 was adjusted to exclude acquisition related costs, including change in control expenses related to employee benefit plans and legal and professional expenses, of $21.8 million, net of tax. Pro forma net income presented in the table above for 2016 was adjusted to include the aforementioned acquisition related costs. The unaudited pro forma net income presented in the table above for 2017 and 2016 includes adjustments for scheduled amortization of core deposit intangible assets acquired in the acquisition. The unaudited supplemental pro forma net income presented in the table above for 2017 and 2016 does not capture operating costs savings and other business synergies expected as a result of the acquisition. Flathead Bank of Bigfork. On April 6, 2016, the Company's bank subsidiary entered into a stock purchase agreement to acquire all of the outstanding stock of Flathead Bank of Bigfork ("Flathead"), a Montana-based bank wholly owned by Flathead Holding Company. The acquisition was completed as of August 12, 2016 for cash consideration of $34.1 million. The acquisition allowed the Company to gain market share in several of its current market areas and expand its market presence in Montana. The assets and liabilities of Flathead were recorded in the Company's consolidated financial statements at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess value of the consideration paid over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill arising from the acquisition consists largely of the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of Flathead and the Company. The Flathead acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method with cash consideration funded from cash on hand. The assets and liabilities of Flathead were recorded in the Company's consolidated financial statements at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition dates. The excess value of the consideration paid over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill. Core deposit intangible assets related to the Flathead acquisition of $2.5 million are being amortized using an accelerated method over the estimated useful lives of the related deposits of 9 years. The accompanying consolidated statements of income include the results of operations of Flathead from its acquisition date. The operations of Flathead were immediately integrated with the Company's operations and the acquired bank was merged with FIB. As such, the Company has determined it is not practical to report post-acquisition date revenues and net income of the acquired entity that were included in the Company's consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and unaudited pro forma consolidated revenues and net income as if the Flathead acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2015, are not presented. Goodwill arising from the Flathead acquisition consists largely of the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the acquired entity and the Company. The Flathead acquisition was accounted for as a deemed asset purchase; therefore, goodwill recorded in conjunction with the Flathead acquisition is deductible for income tax purposes. Fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part of the Flathead acquisition were estimated using relevant market information and significant other inputs and generally fall within Levels 2 and 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Acquisition related expenses The Company recorded third party acquisition related costs of $27.2 million, $2.8 million and $0.8 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These costs are included in acquisition related expenses in the Company's consolidated statements of income.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for business combinations, including leverage buyout transactions (as applicable), and divestitures. This may include a description of a business combination or divestiture (or series of individually immaterial business combinations or divestitures) completed during the period, including background, timing, and assets and liabilities recognized and reclassified or sold. This element does not include fixed asset sales and plant closings. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 205 -SubTopic 20 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2122178 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2303972 + Details
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