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Loans | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2020
Receivables [Abstract] |
Loans | Loans Held for Investment The following table presents loans by segment as of the dates indicated:
| September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 3,690.9 |  |  | $ | 3,487.8 |
Construction loans: |  |  |
Land acquisition & development | 274.8 |  |  | 302.1 |
Residential | 227.9 |  |  | 244.1 |
Commercial | 530.8 |  |  | 431.5 |
Total construction loans | 1,033.5 |  |  | 977.7 |
Residential | 1,311.2 |  |  | 1,246.1 |
Agricultural | 227.7 |  |  | 226.6 |
Total real estate loans | 6,263.3 |  |  | 5,938.2 |
Consumer loans: |  |  |
Indirect | 812.8 |  |  | 784.6 |
Direct and advance lines | 162.1 |  |  | 179.0 |
Credit card | 69.9 |  |  | 81.6 |
Total consumer loans | 1,044.8 |  |  | 1,045.2 |
Commercial | 2,599.6 |  |  | 1,673.7 |
Agricultural | 274.7 |  |  | 279.1 |
Other, including overdrafts | 4.2 |  |  | — |
Loans held for investment | 10,186.6 |  |  | 8,936.2 |
Deferred loan fees and costs | (34.4) |  |  | (5.5) |
Loans held for investment, net of deferred fees and costs | 10,152.2 |  |  | 8,930.7 |
Allowance for credit losses | (145.5) |  |  | (73.0) |
Net loans held for investment | $ | 10,006.7 |  |  | $ | 8,857.7 |
Allowance for Credit Losses The following tables represent, by loan portfolio segment, the activity in the allowance for credit losses for loans held for investment:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | Beginning Balance |  | Provision for Credit Loss Expense | Loans Charged-Off | Recoveries Collected | Ending Balance
Allowance for credit losses (1) |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-owner occupied | $ | 23.6 |  |  | $ | 1.5 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 0.1 |  | $ | 25.2 |
Owner occupied | 19.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  | (0.2) |  | 0.1 |  | 19.1 |
Multi-family | 8.5 |  |  | 2.3 |  | — |  | — |  | 10.8 |
Total commercial real estate | 51.2 |  |  | 3.9 |  | (0.2) |  | 0.2 |  | 55.1 |
Construction: |  |  |  |  |  |
Land acquisition & development | 1.5 |  |  | (0.5) |  | — |  | 0.2 |  | 1.2 |
Residential construction | 1.3 |  |  | 0.3 |  | — |  | — |  | 1.6 |
Commercial construction | 6.3 |  |  | 0.8 |  | — |  | — |  | 7.1 |
Total construction | 9.1 |  |  | 0.6 |  | — |  | 0.2 |  | 9.9 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential 1-4 family | 10.3 |  |  | (1.1) |  | — |  | — |  | 9.2 |
Home equity and HELOC | 1.5 |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1.5 |
Total residential real estate | 11.8 |  |  | (1.1) |  | — |  | — |  | 10.7 |
Agricultural real estate | 3.1 |  |  | (0.2) |  | — |  | — |  | 2.9 |
Total real estate | 75.2 |  |  | 3.2 |  | (0.2) |  | 0.4 |  | 78.6 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect | 16.4 |  |  | 0.7 |  | (0.8) |  | 0.7 |  | 17.0 |
Direct and advance lines | 5.1 |  |  | 0.6 |  | (1.1) |  | 0.2 |  | 4.8 |
Credit card | 2.0 |  |  | 0.6 |  | (0.6) |  | 0.2 |  | 2.2 |
Total consumer | 23.5 |  |  | 1.9 |  | (2.5) |  | 1.1 |  | 24.0 |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and floor plans | 41.0 |  |  | (1.2) |  | (3.3) |  | 0.2 |  | 36.7 |
Commercial purpose secured by 1-4 family | 5.1 |  |  | (0.2) |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | 5.0 |
Credit card | 0.4 |  |  | 0.3 |  | (0.4) |  | — |  | 0.3 |
Total commercial | 46.5 |  |  | (1.1) |  | (3.7) |  | 0.3 |  | 42.0 |
Agricultural: |  |  |  |  |  |
Agricultural | 0.9 |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 0.9 |
Total agricultural | 0.9 |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 0.9 |
Total allowance for credit losses | $ | 146.1 |  |  | $ | 4.0 |  | $ | (6.4) |  | $ | 1.8 |  | $ | 145.5 |
(1) Amounts presented are exclusive of the allowance for credit losses related to unfunded commitments which are included in “Note 12 - Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk” included in this report.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | Beginning Balance | Initial Impact of Adopting ASC 326 | Provision for Credit Loss Expense | Loans Charged-Off | Recoveries Collected | Ending Balance
Allowance for credit losses (1) |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-owner occupied | $ | 8.8 |  | $ | 4.9 |  | $ | 11.4 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 0.1 |  | $ | 25.2 |
Owner occupied | 10.0 |  | 3.5 |  | 5.7 |  | (0.3) |  | 0.2 |  | 19.1 |
Multi-family | 0.7 |  | 6.9 |  | 3.2 |  | — |  | — |  | 10.8 |
Total commercial real estate | 19.5 |  | 15.3 |  | 20.3 |  | (0.3) |  | 0.3 |  | 55.1 |
Construction: |  |  |  |  |  |
Land acquisition & development | 1.9 |  | (0.1) |  | (0.3) |  | (0.5) |  | 0.2 |  | 1.2 |
Residential construction | 1.5 |  | (0.9) |  | 1.0 |  | — |  | — |  | 1.6 |
Commercial construction | 2.7 |  | 1.3 |  | 3.1 |  | — |  | — |  | 7.1 |
Total construction | 6.1 |  | 0.3 |  | 3.8 |  | (0.5) |  | 0.2 |  | 9.9 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential 1-4 family | 1.8 |  | 10.6 |  | (3.3) |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | 9.2 |
Home equity and HELOC | 1.0 |  | 0.5 |  | (0.1) |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | 1.5 |
Total residential real estate | 2.8 |  | 11.1 |  | (3.4) |  | — |  | 0.2 |  | 10.7 |
Agricultural real estate | 0.5 |  | 1.8 |  | 0.6 |  | — |  | — |  | 2.9 |
Total real estate | 28.9 |  | 28.5 |  | 21.3 |  | (0.8) |  | 0.7 |  | 78.6 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect | 4.5 |  | 8.8 |  | 5.1 |  | (3.2) |  | 1.8 |  | 17.0 |
Direct and advance lines | 2.9 |  | 3.0 |  | 1.3 |  | (3.1) |  | 0.7 |  | 4.8 |
Credit card | 2.5 |  | 0.3 |  | 1.0 |  | (2.2) |  | 0.6 |  | 2.2 |
Total consumer | 9.9 |  | 12.1 |  | 7.4 |  | (8.5) |  | 3.1 |  | 24.0 |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and floor plans | 25.5 |  | (5.1) |  | 20.0 |  | (4.7) |  | 1.0 |  | 36.7 |
Commercial purpose secured by 1-4 family | 5.9 |  | (3.8) |  | 2.8 |  | (0.1) |  | 0.2 |  | 5.0 |
Credit card | 1.2 |  | (1.1) |  | 1.0 |  | (0.9) |  | 0.1 |  | 0.3 |
Total commercial | 32.6 |  | (10.0) |  | 23.8 |  | (5.7) |  | 1.3 |  | 42.0 |
Agricultural: |  |  |  |  |  |
Agricultural | 1.6 |  | (0.6) |  | — |  | (0.1) |  | — |  | 0.9 |
Total agricultural | 1.6 |  | (0.6) |  | — |  | (0.1) |  | — |  | 0.9 |
Total allowance for credit losses | $ | 73.0 |  | $ | 30.0 |  | $ | 52.5 |  | $ | (15.1) |  | $ | 5.1 |  | $ | 145.5 |
(1) Amounts presented are exclusive of the allowance for credit losses related to unfunded commitments which are included in “Note 12 - Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk” included in this report.
The following tables represent activity in the allowance for credit losses for loans held for investment under historical GAAP:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 | Beginning Balance |  | Provision for Credit Loss Expense | Loans Charged-Off | Recoveries Collected | Ending Balance
Allowance for credit losses |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 27.7 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  | $ | (0.3) |  | $ | 0.8 |  | $ | 28.6 |
Consumer | 9.1 |  |  | 2.7 |  | (2.8) |  | 0.8 |  | 9.8 |
Commercial | 35.7 |  |  | (0.4) |  | (1.6) |  | 1.3 |  | 35.0 |
Agricultural | 1.7 |  |  | (0.1) |  | — |  | — |  | 1.6 |
Total allowance for credit losses | $ | 74.2 |  |  | $ | 2.6 |  | $ | (4.7) |  | $ | 2.9 |  | $ | 75.0 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 | Beginning Balance |  | Provision for Credit Loss Expense | Loans Charged-Off | Recoveries Collected | Ending Balance
Allowance for credit losses |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 31.0 |  |  | $ | (1.3) |  | $ | (3.3) |  | $ | 2.2 |  | $ | 28.6 |
Consumer | 8.7 |  |  | 7.1 |  | (9.1) |  | 3.1 |  | 9.8 |
Commercial | 31.3 |  |  | 4.3 |  | (3.5) |  | 2.9 |  | 35.0 |
Agricultural | 2.0 |  |  | — |  | (0.4) |  | — |  | 1.6 |
Total allowance for credit losses | $ | 73.0 |  |  | $ | 10.1 |  | $ | (16.3) |  | $ | 8.2 |  | $ | 75.0 |
Collateral-Dependent Financial Loans A collateral-dependent financial loan relies solely on the operation or sale of the collateral for repayment. In evaluating the overall risk associated with a loan, the Company considers character, overall financial condition and resources, and payment record of the borrower; the prospects for support from any financially responsible guarantors; and the nature and degree of protection provided by the cash flow and value of any underlying collateral. The loan may become collateral-dependent where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and as sources of repayment become inadequate over time and that repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loans as of September 30, 2020. The comparable period is not presented because the collateral-dependent loans classification did not exist under prior GAAP. Under historical guidance, the recorded investment of impaired loans and the related specific reserve was $64.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2019.
| Collateral Type
As of September 30, 2020 | Business Assets | Real Property | Other | Total
Real estate | $ | 0.2 |  | $ | 0.5 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 0.7 |
Commercial | 9.8 |  | 5.0 |  | 0.4 |  | 15.2 |
Agricultural | — |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | 0.1 |
Total collateral-dependent | $ | 10.0 |  | $ | 5.6 |  | $ | 0.4 |  | $ | 16.0 |
Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans classified in the following table as greater than 90 days past due are still accruing interest. The following tables present the contractual aging of the Company’s recorded amortized cost basis in loans by portfolio as of the dates indicated.
|  |  |  | Total Loans |  |  |  |
| 30 - 59 | 60 - 89 | > 90 | 30 or More |  |  |  |
| Days | Days | Days | Days | Current | Non-accrual | Total |
As of September 30, 2020 | Past Due | Past Due | Past Due | Past Due | Loans | Loans (1) | Loans |
Real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 5.6 |  | $ | 0.6 |  | $ | 3.6 |  | $ | 9.8 |  | $ | 3,671.2 |  | $ | 9.9 |  | $ | 3,690.9 |  |
Construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Land acquisition & development | 1.4 |  | 0.6 |  | 0.5 |  | 2.5 |  | 271.7 |  | 0.6 |  | 274.8 |  |
Residential | 0.4 |  | 0.2 |  | 1.5 |  | 2.1 |  | 225.8 |  | — |  | 227.9 |  |
Commercial | 0.1 |  | — |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | 530.2 |  | 0.5 |  | 530.8 |  |
Total construction loans | 1.9 |  | 0.8 |  | 2.0 |  | 4.7 |  | 1,027.7 |  | 1.1 |  | 1,033.5 |  |
Residential | 1.7 |  | 2.3 |  | 0.2 |  | 4.2 |  | 1,302.4 |  | 4.6 |  | 1,311.2 |  |
Agricultural | — |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | 220.0 |  | 7.6 |  | 227.7 |  |
Total real estate loans | 9.2 |  | 3.8 |  | 5.8 |  | 18.8 |  | 6,221.3 |  | 23.2 |  | 6,263.3 |  |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect consumer | 4.0 |  | 1.6 |  | 0.1 |  | 5.7 |  | 805.3 |  | 1.8 |  | 812.8 |  |
Other consumer | 0.5 |  | 0.2 |  | 0.1 |  | 0.8 |  | 160.8 |  | 0.5 |  | 162.1 |  |
Credit card | 0.7 |  | 0.3 |  | 0.6 |  | 1.6 |  | 68.3 |  | — |  | 69.9 |  |
Total consumer loans | 5.2 |  | 2.1 |  | 0.8 |  | 8.1 |  | 1,034.4 |  | 2.3 |  | 1,044.8 |  |
Commercial | 5.6 |  | 8.2 |  | 2.1 |  | 15.9 |  | 2,567.5 |  | 16.2 |  | 2,599.6 |  |
Agricultural | 1.8 |  | 0.2 |  | 0.9 |  | 2.9 |  | 268.7 |  | 3.1 |  | 274.7 |  |
Other, including overdrafts | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 4.2 |  | — |  | 4.2 |  |
Loans held for investment | $ | 21.8 |  | $ | 14.3 |  | $ | 9.6 |  | $ | 45.7 |  | $ | 10,096.1 |  | $ | 44.8 |  | $ | 10,186.6 |  |
|  |  |  | Total Loans |  |  |  |
| 30 - 59 | 60 - 89 | > 90 | 30 or More |  |  |  |
| Days | Days | Days | Days | Current | Non-accrual | Total |
As of December 31, 2019 | Past Due | Past Due | Past Due | Past Due | Loans | Loans (1) | Loans |
Real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 5.5 |  | $ | 1.1 |  | $ | 0.6 |  | $ | 7.2 |  | $ | 3,467.6 |  | $ | 13.0 |  | $ | 3,487.8 |  |
Construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Land acquisition & development | 0.7 |  | 0.8 |  | 0.3 |  | 1.8 |  | 298.9 |  | 1.4 |  | 302.1 |  |
Residential | 1.5 |  | 0.8 |  | — |  | 2.3 |  | 241.8 |  | — |  | 244.1 |  |
Commercial | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 431.0 |  | 0.5 |  | 431.5 |  |
Total construction loans | 2.2 |  | 1.6 |  | 0.3 |  | 4.1 |  | 971.7 |  | 1.9 |  | 977.7 |  |
Residential | 3.8 |  | 1.4 |  | 1.1 |  | 6.3 |  | 1,235.2 |  | 4.6 |  | 1,246.1 |  |
Agricultural | 0.8 |  | 0.5 |  | — |  | 1.3 |  | 220.1 |  | 5.2 |  | 226.6 |  |
Total real estate loans | 12.3 |  | 4.6 |  | 2.0 |  | 18.9 |  | 5,894.6 |  | 24.7 |  | 5,938.2 |  |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect consumer | 7.6 |  | 1.9 |  | 0.5 |  | 10.0 |  | 773.0 |  | 1.6 |  | 784.6 |  |
Other consumer | 1.2 |  | 0.5 |  | 0.1 |  | 1.8 |  | 176.7 |  | 0.5 |  | 179.0 |  |
Credit card | 0.8 |  | 0.5 |  | 0.8 |  | 2.1 |  | 79.5 |  | — |  | 81.6 |  |
Total consumer loans | 9.6 |  | 2.9 |  | 1.4 |  | 13.9 |  | 1,029.2 |  | 2.1 |  | 1,045.2 |  |
Commercial | 4.8 |  | 2.6 |  | 2.3 |  | 9.7 |  | 1,650.3 |  | 13.7 |  | 1,673.7 |  |
Agricultural | 0.9 |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | 1.0 |  | 275.7 |  | 2.4 |  | 279.1 |  |
Other, including overdrafts | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Loans held for investment | $ | 27.6 |  | $ | 10.2 |  | $ | 5.7 |  | $ | 43.5 |  | $ | 8,849.8 |  | $ | 42.9 |  | $ | 8,936.2 |  |
(1) As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, none of our non-accrual loans were earning interest income. Additionally, no material interest income was recognized on non-accrual loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. No material and $0.3 million of accrued interest was reversed during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. Troubled Debt Restructurings Modifications of performing loans are made in the ordinary course of business and are completed on a case-by-case basis as negotiated with the borrower in connection with the ongoing loan collection processes. Loan modifications typically include interest rate changes, interest only periods of less than twelve months, short-term payment deferrals and extension of amortization periods to provide payment relief. A loan modification is considered a troubled debt restructuring if the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and the Company, for economic or legal reasons, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. Certain troubled debt restructurings are on non-accrual status at the time of restructuring and may be returned to accrual status if the borrower has sustained repayment performance in accordance with the restructuring agreement for a period of at least six months and management is reasonably assured of the borrower’s future performance. If the troubled debt restructuring meets these performance criteria, and the interest rate granted at the modification is equal to or greater than the rate that the Company was willing to accept at the time of the restructuring for a new loan with comparable risk, then the loan will return to performing status and the accrual of interest will resume. Any such loan will continue to be individually evaluated for credit deterioration and disclosed as collateral dependent loans. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was signed into law on March 27, 2020 in response to the outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus (also known as, and hereinafter referred to as, “COVID-19”). Key provisions of the CARES Act include one-time payments to individuals, strengthened unemployment insurance, additional health-care funding, temporary amendments to the Internal Revenue Code, and loans and grants to certain businesses. The CARES Act provided financial institutions with options on the treatment of troubled debt restructurings, and the Company elected to apply these options at the individual loan level. Under the CARES Act, the Company can elect: (1) to suspend the requirements under GAAP for loan modifications related to the COVID–19 pandemic that would otherwise be categorized as a troubled debt restructuring; and/or (2) to suspend any determination of a loan modified as being a troubled debt restructuring as a result of the effects of the COVID–19 pandemic, including impairment for accounting purposes. If the Company elects a suspension noted above, the suspension (a) will be effective for the term of the loan modification, but solely with respect to any modification, including a forbearance arrangement, an interest rate modification, a repayment plan, and any other similar arrangement that defers or delays the payment of principal or interest, occurring for a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and (b) will not apply to any adverse impact on the credit of a borrower that is not related to the COVID–19 pandemic. These suspensions end the earlier of December 31, 2020 or the date that is 60 days after the termination of the national emergency. The Company renegotiated loans in troubled debt restructurings in the amount of $20.0 million as of September 30, 2020, of which $16.8 million were included in non-accrual loans and $3.2 million were on accrual status. As of September 30, 2020, the Company allocated $4.3 million of allowance for credit losses to those loans and the Company had no material commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose existing loans have been renegotiated or are classified as non-accrual. The Company renegotiated loans in troubled debt restructurings in the amount of $24.9 million as of December 31, 2019, of which $19.4 million were included in non-accrual loans and $5.5 million were on accrual status. As of December 31, 2019, the Company allocated $0.3 million of allowance for credit losses to those loans and the Company had no material commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose existing loans have been renegotiated or are classified as non-accrual. The Company had no material new troubled debt restructurings during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.
For troubled debt restructurings that were on non-accrual status or otherwise deemed collateral-dependent before the modification, a specific reserve may already be recorded. In periods subsequent to modification, the Company continues to evaluate all troubled debt restructurings for possible credit deterioration and recognizes credit loss through the allowance. Additionally, these loans continue to work through the credit cycle through charge-off, pay-off, or foreclosure. Financial effects of modifications of troubled debt restructurings may include principal loan forgiveness or other charge-offs directly related to the restructuring. The Company had no charge-offs directly related to modifying troubled debt restructurings during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019. The Company had no material troubled debt restructurings during the previous 12 months for which there was a payment default during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. The Company considers a payment default to occur on troubled debt restructurings when the loan is 90 days or more past due or is placed on non-accrual status after the modification.
The terms of certain other loans were modified during the quarter ended September 30, 2020 that did not meet the definition of a troubled debt restructuring. These loans have a total recorded investment of $65.9 million as of September 30, 2020. The modification of these loans involved either a modification of the terms of a loan to borrowers who were not experiencing financial difficulties or a delay in a payment that was considered to be insignificant. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, the Company evaluates the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under the Company’s internal underwriting policy. Credit Quality Indicators As part of the on-going and continuous monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks internally assigned risk classifications of loans based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt including, among other factors, current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends. The Company analyzes loans individually to classify the credit risk of the loans. This analysis generally includes loans with an outstanding balance greater than $1.0 million, which are generally considered non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial and commercial real estate loans. This analysis is performed no less than on an annual basis, dependent upon the size of exposure and the financial reporting frequency to which the borrower is contractually obligated. Homogeneous loans, including small business loans are typically managed by payment performance. The Company risk rates its loans internally in accordance with a Uniform Classification System developed jointly by the various bank regulatory agencies to internally risk rate loans. The Uniform Classification System defines three broad categories of criticized assets, which the Company uses as credit quality indicators in addition to the 6 Pass ratings in its 10-point rating scale: Special Mention — includes loans that exhibit a potential weakness in financial condition, loan structure, or documentation that warrants management’s close attention. If not promptly corrected, the potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. Substandard — includes loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower which have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Although the primary source of repayment for a substandard loan may not currently be sufficient, collateral or other sources of repayment are sufficient to satisfy the debt. Continuance of a substandard loan is not warranted unless positive steps are taken to improve the worthiness of the credit. Doubtful — includes loans that exhibit pronounced weaknesses on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values to a point where collection or liquidation for full repayment is highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful loans are required to be placed on non-accrual status and are assigned specific loss exposure. Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass-rated loans. The Company evaluates the credit quality and loan performance for the allowance for credit loan losses of the following segments based on the aforementioned risk scale:
| September 30, 2020 |  |  |
| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  |  |
Risk by Collateral | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | Prior | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis |  | Total
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 397.3 |  | $ | 299.3 |  | $ | 213.8 |  | $ | 108.8 |  | $ | 159.0 |  | $ | 368.2 |  | $ | 12.8 |  |  | $ | 1,559.2 |
Special mention | — |  | 3.1 |  | 0.9 |  | 0.1 |  | 0.7 |  | 17.6 |  | — |  |  | 22.4 |
Substandard | 15.9 |  | 2.8 |  | 0.9 |  | 4.1 |  | 1.1 |  | 14.8 |  | — |  |  | 39.6 |
Doubtful | — |  | — |  | 0.2 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |
Total | $ | 413.2 |  | $ | 305.2 |  | $ | 215.8 |  | $ | 113.0 |  | $ | 160.8 |  | $ | 400.6 |  | $ | 12.8 |  |  | $ | 1,621.4 |
Commercial real estate owner occupied: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 325.0 |  | $ | 324.4 |  | $ | 220.9 |  | $ | 131.4 |  | $ | 166.3 |  | $ | 407.1 |  | $ | 13.9 |  |  | $ | 1,589.0 |
Special mention | 7.3 |  | 8.7 |  | 7.8 |  | 3.1 |  | 15.4 |  | 14.6 |  | 0.2 |  |  | 57.1 |
Substandard | 6.7 |  | 6.6 |  | 12.4 |  | 5.2 |  | 18.5 |  | 13.6 |  | 0.5 |  |  | 63.5 |
Doubtful | 0.2 |  | — |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |
Total | $ | 339.2 |  | $ | 339.7 |  | $ | 241.1 |  | $ | 139.8 |  | $ | 200.2 |  | $ | 435.4 |  | $ | 14.6 |  |  | $ | 1,710.0 |
Commercial multi-family: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 106.0 |  | $ | 63.0 |  | $ | 29.2 |  | $ | 42.4 |  | $ | 26.1 |  | $ | 90.8 |  | $ | 1.9 |  |  | $ | 359.4 |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |
Doubtful | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 106.0 |  | $ | 63.0 |  | $ | 29.2 |  | $ | 42.4 |  | $ | 26.1 |  | $ | 90.9 |  | $ | 1.9 |  |  | $ | 359.5 |
Land, acquisition and development: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 81.0 |  | $ | 71.0 |  | $ | 40.4 |  | $ | 33.0 |  | $ | 9.4 |  | $ | 28.5 |  | $ | 6.1 |  |  | $ | 269.4 |
Special mention | 0.4 |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | 1.0 |  | — |  | 1.2 |  | 0.3 |  |  | 3.0 |
Substandard | 0.4 |  | — |  | 1.2 |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | 0.2 |  | 0.4 |  |  | 2.3 |
Doubtful | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |
Total | $ | 81.8 |  | $ | 71.1 |  | $ | 41.6 |  | $ | 34.1 |  | $ | 9.4 |  | $ | 30.0 |  | $ | 6.8 |  |  | $ | 274.8 |
Residential construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 65.1 |  | $ | 73.3 |  | $ | 14.9 |  | $ | 5.6 |  | $ | 0.3 |  | $ | 0.1 |  | $ | 66.8 |  |  | $ | 226.1 |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | 0.6 |  | — |  | 1.2 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 1.8 |
Doubtful | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 65.7 |  | $ | 73.3 |  | $ | 16.1 |  | $ | 5.6 |  | $ | 0.3 |  | $ | 0.1 |  | $ | 66.8 |  |  | $ | 227.9 |
Commercial construction: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 188.4 |  | $ | 223.3 |  | $ | 84.2 |  | $ | 12.0 |  | $ | 9.7 |  | $ | 0.3 |  | $ | 8.7 |  |  | $ | 526.6 |
Special mention | — |  | 1.4 |  | 1.5 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 2.9 |
Substandard | — |  | 0.8 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | — |  |  | 0.9 |
Doubtful | — |  | — |  | 0.4 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |
Total | $ | 188.4 |  | $ | 225.5 |  | $ | 86.1 |  | $ | 12.0 |  | $ | 9.7 |  | $ | 0.4 |  | $ | 8.7 |  |  | $ | 530.8 |
Agricultural real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 35.7 |  | $ | 46.6 |  | $ | 31.2 |  | $ | 18.1 |  | $ | 14.3 |  | $ | 30.2 |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | 182.5 |
Special mention | 3.4 |  | 7.6 |  | 1.2 |  | 1.6 |  | 0.9 |  | 3.9 |  | 0.9 |  |  | 19.5 |
Substandard | 0.1 |  | 8.3 |  | 3.5 |  | 1.1 |  | 3.5 |  | 5.4 |  | 1.8 |  |  | 23.7 |
Doubtful | — |  | 2.0 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 2.0 |
Total | $ | 39.2 |  | $ | 64.5 |  | $ | 35.9 |  | $ | 20.8 |  | $ | 18.7 |  | $ | 39.5 |  | $ | 9.1 |  |  | $ | 227.7 |
| September 30, 2020 |  |  |
| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  |  |
Risk by Collateral | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | Prior | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis |  | Total
Commercial and floor plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 1,385.9 |  | $ | 173.4 |  | $ | 150.5 |  | $ | 86.3 |  | $ | 48.8 |  | $ | 100.3 |  | $ | 236.6 |  |  | $ | 2,181.8 |
Special mention | 8.9 |  | 1.2 |  | 2.0 |  | 7.3 |  | 4.2 |  | 0.6 |  | 2.9 |  |  | 27.1 |
Substandard | 6.0 |  | 4.6 |  | 4.5 |  | 0.5 |  | 4.5 |  | 2.5 |  | 11.9 |  |  | 34.5 |
Doubtful | 2.2 |  | 3.7 |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | 2.6 |  | 0.1 |  |  | 8.8 |
Total | $ | 1,403.0 |  | $ | 182.9 |  | $ | 157.1 |  | $ | 94.1 |  | $ | 57.6 |  | $ | 106.0 |  | $ | 251.5 |  |  | $ | 2,252.2 |
Commercial purpose secured by 1-4 family: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 60.3 |  | $ | 62.9 |  | $ | 38.4 |  | $ | 23.8 |  | $ | 16.7 |  | $ | 42.4 |  | $ | 19.5 |  |  | $ | 264.0 |
Special mention | 0.3 |  | 0.6 |  | 0.3 |  | 0.3 |  | 0.6 |  | 0.9 |  | 0.4 |  |  | 3.4 |
Substandard | 2.4 |  | 1.1 |  | 4.4 |  | 0.3 |  | 1.4 |  | 1.4 |  | 0.1 |  |  | 11.1 |
Doubtful | — |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |
Total | $ | 63.0 |  | $ | 64.6 |  | $ | 43.2 |  | $ | 24.4 |  | $ | 18.7 |  | $ | 44.7 |  | $ | 20.0 |  |  | $ | 278.6 |
Agricultural: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 39.5 |  | $ | 26.5 |  | $ | 14.2 |  | $ | 5.7 |  | $ | 3.9 |  | $ | 1.4 |  | $ | 140.9 |  |  | $ | 232.1 |
Special mention | 2.6 |  | 0.6 |  | 0.5 |  | 0.1 |  | 0.1 |  | 0.4 |  | 13.8 |  |  | 18.1 |
Substandard | 6.4 |  | 1.9 |  | 4.3 |  | 1.4 |  | 0.1 |  | 0.4 |  | 8.2 |  |  | 22.7 |
Doubtful | — |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |
Total | $ | 48.5 |  | $ | 29.1 |  | $ | 19.0 |  | $ | 7.3 |  | $ | 4.1 |  | $ | 2.2 |  | $ | 162.9 |  |  | $ | 273.1 |
The Company evaluates the credit quality, loan performance, and the allowance for credit loan losses of its residential and consumer loan portfolios, based primarily on the aging status of the loan and payment activity. Accordingly, loans on nonaccrual status, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest, and loans modified under troubled debt restructurings are considered to be nonperforming for purposes of credit quality evaluation. The following tables present the recorded investment of our other loan portfolios based on the credit risk profile of loans that are performing and loans that are nonperforming as of the periods indicated:
| September 30, 2020 |  |  |
| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  |  |
Risk by Collateral | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | Prior | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis |  | Total
Residential 1-4 family: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 311.1 |  | $ | 119.8 |  | $ | 71.4 |  | $ | 57.9 |  | $ | 76.9 |  | $ | 270.2 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 907.3 |
Nonperforming | — |  | 0.7 |  | 0.2 |  | — |  | — |  | 0.9 |  | — |  |  | 1.8 |
Total | $ | 311.1 |  | $ | 120.5 |  | $ | 71.6 |  | $ | 57.9 |  | $ | 76.9 |  | $ | 271.1 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 909.1 |
Consumer home equity and HELOC: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 10.2 |  | $ | 8.3 |  | $ | 9.6 |  | $ | 10.7 |  | $ | 5.3 |  | $ | 16.7 |  | $ | 340.7 |  |  | $ | 401.5 |
Nonperforming | 0.1 |  | — |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | 0.4 |  | — |  |  | 0.6 |
Total | $ | 10.3 |  | $ | 8.3 |  | $ | 9.6 |  | $ | 10.8 |  | $ | 5.3 |  | $ | 17.1 |  | $ | 340.7 |  |  | $ | 402.1 |
Consumer indirect: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 273.8 |  | $ | 212.9 |  | $ | 134.0 |  | $ | 85.9 |  | $ | 56.8 |  | $ | 48.9 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 812.3 |
Nonperforming | — |  | 0.2 |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | 0.1 |  | — |  |  | 0.5 |
Total | $ | 273.8 |  | $ | 213.1 |  | $ | 134.1 |  | $ | 85.9 |  | $ | 56.9 |  | $ | 49.0 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 812.8 |
Consumer direct and advance line: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 40.6 |  | $ | 34.1 |  | $ | 33.9 |  | $ | 14.1 |  | $ | 6.5 |  | $ | 9.8 |  | $ | 22.9 |  |  | $ | 161.9 |
Nonperforming | — |  | — |  | 0.1 |  | 0.1 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |
Total | $ | 40.6 |  | $ | 34.1 |  | $ | 34.0 |  | $ | 14.2 |  | $ | 6.5 |  | $ | 9.8 |  | $ | 22.9 |  |  | $ | 162.1 |
The Company considers the performance of the loan portfolio and its impact on the allowance for credit loan losses. For certain credit card loan classes, the Company also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The following table presents the recorded investment in credit card loans based on payment activity:
As of September 30, 2020 | Consumer | Commercial | Agricultural | Total
Credit Card: |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 69.3 |  | $ | 68.5 |  | $ | 1.5 |  | $ | 139.3 |
Nonperforming | 0.6 |  | 0.3 |  | 0.1 |  | 1.0 |
Total | $ | 69.9 |  | $ | 68.8 |  | $ | 1.6 |  | $ | 140.3 |
The following presents the recorded investment in the Company’s loans by risk grades and loan class as of the date shown below:
As of December 31, 2019 | Pass | Other Assets Especially Mentioned | Substandard | Doubtful | Total Criticized Loans | Total Loans
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 3,305.0 |  | $ | 84.7 |  | $ | 97.3 |  | $ | 0.8 |  | $ | 182.8 |  | $ | 3,487.8 |
Construction: |  |  |  |  |  |
Land acquisition & development | 295.4 |  | 3.8 |  | 1.9 |  | 1.0 |  | 6.7 |  | 302.1 |
Residential | 241.0 |  | 0.9 |  | 2.2 |  | — |  | 3.1 |  | 244.1 |
Commercial | 428.3 |  | 1.7 |  | 1.5 |  | — |  | 3.2 |  | 431.5 |
Total construction loans | 964.7 |  | 6.4 |  | 5.6 |  | 1.0 |  | 13.0 |  | 977.7 |
Residential | 1,235.4 |  | 2.6 |  | 7.8 |  | 0.3 |  | 10.7 |  | 1,246.1 |
Agricultural | 185.7 |  | 14.3 |  | 26.6 |  | — |  | 40.9 |  | 226.6 |
Total real estate loans | 5,690.8 |  | 108.0 |  | 137.3 |  | 2.1 |  | 247.4 |  | 5,938.2 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect consumer | 781.5 |  | 0.2 |  | 2.9 |  | — |  | 3.1 |  | 784.6 |
Direct consumer | 177.7 |  | 0.4 |  | 0.8 |  | 0.1 |  | 1.3 |  | 179.0 |
Credit card | 81.6 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 81.6 |
Total consumer loans | 1,040.8 |  | 0.6 |  | 3.7 |  | 0.1 |  | 4.4 |  | 1,045.2 |
Commercial | 1,569.4 |  | 40.4 |  | 60.3 |  | 3.6 |  | 104.3 |  | 1,673.7 |
Agricultural | 247.8 |  | 8.5 |  | 22.7 |  | 0.1 |  | 31.3 |  | 279.1 |
Total | $ | 8,548.8 |  | $ | 157.5 |  | $ | 224.0 |  | $ | 5.9 |  | $ | 387.4 |  | $ | 8,936.2 |
There were no material purchases of portfolio loans and no material sales of loans held for investment during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019.
Purchased Credit Deteriorated Loans The Company has purchased loans acquired in business combinations, for which there was, at acquisition, evidence of more than insignificant deterioration of credit quality since origination. See “Note 2 - Acquisitions” included in this report, for additional details.

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