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Share-Based Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2013
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] |
Share-Based Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans | Share-Based Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans Share-Based Compensation Plans In May 2010, COPT adopted the Amended and Restated 2008 Omnibus Equity and Incentive Plan. COPT may issue equity-based awards under this plan to officers, employees, non-employee trustees and any other key persons of us and our subsidiaries, as defined in the plan. The plan provides for a maximum of 5,900,000 common shares in COPT to be issued in the form of options, share appreciation rights, deferred share awards, restricted share awards, unrestricted share awards, performance shares, dividend equivalent rights and other equity-based awards and for the granting of cash-based awards. The plan expires on May 13, 2020. In March 1998, COPT adopted a long-term incentive plan for our Trustees and employees. This plan, which expired in March 2008, provided for the award of options, restricted shares and dividend equivalents. Grants of restricted shares and options under these plans to nonemployee Trustees generally vest on the first anniversary of the grant date provided that the Trustee remains in his or her position. Restricted shares and options granted to employees vest based on increments and over periods of time set forth under the terms of the respective awards provided that the employees remain employed by us. Options expire ten years after the date of grant. Shares for each of the share-based compensation plans are issued under registration statements on Form S-8 that became effective upon filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In connection with awards of common shares granted by COPT under such share-based compensation plans, COPLP issues to COPT an equal number of equity instruments with identical terms. The following table summarizes restricted share transactions under the share-based compensation plans for 2011, 2012 and 2013:
|  | Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2010 |  | 669,858 |  |  | $ | 32.77 |
Granted |  | 320,284 |  |  | 33.68 |
Forfeited |  | (18,058 | ) |  | 34.23 |
Vested |  | (323,706 | ) |  | 32.86 |
Unvested at December 31, 2011 |  | 648,378 |  |  | 33.13 |
Granted |  | 177,662 |  |  | 23.64 |
Forfeited |  | (17,019 | ) |  | 31.43 |
Vested |  | (374,378 | ) |  | 32.72 |
Unvested at December 31, 2012 |  | 434,643 |  |  | 29.67 |
Granted |  | 193,833 |  |  | 25.91 |
Forfeited |  | (9,541 | ) |  | 27.59 |
Vested |  | (241,487 | ) |  | 30.97 |
Unvested at December 31, 2013 |  | 377,448 |  |  | $ | 26.96 |
Restricted shares expected to vest |  | 361,064 |  |  | $ | 27.02 |
The aggregate intrinsic value of restricted shares that vested was $6.3 million in 2013, $9.0 million in 2012 and $11.2 million in 2011. Our Board of Trustees made the following grants of PSUs to executives:
• | 100,645 PSUs on March 4, 2010 (the “2010 PSU Grants”) with an aggregate grant date fair value of $5.4 million. Certain executives voluntarily cancelled 58,105 of these PSUs in 2011; we recognized a non-cash compensation charge of $1.2 million in 2011 in connection with these PSU cancellations. The remaining PSUs at December 31, 2011 were held by Mr. Randall M. Griffin, our former Chief Executive Officer, and were terminated upon his retirement on March 31, 2012; based on the COPT’s total shareholder return relative to its peer group of companies, there was no payout value in connection with the termination of the PSUs;
• | 56,883 PSUs on March 3, 2011 (the “2011 PSU Grants”) with an aggregate grant date fair value of $2.8 million which were all outstanding at December 31, 2013;
• | 54,070 PSUs on March 1, 2012 (the “2012 PSU Grants”) with an aggregate grant date fair value of $1.8 million which were all outstanding at December 31, 2013; and
• | 69,579 PSUs on March 1, 2013, (the “2013 PSU Grants”) with an aggregate grant date fair value of $1.9 million which were all outstanding at December 31, 2013.
The PSUs have a performance period beginning on the respective grant dates and concluding on the earlier of three years from the respective grant dates or the date of: (1) termination by us without cause, death or disability of the executive or constructive discharge of the executive (collectively, “qualified termination”); or (2) a sale event. The number of PSUs earned (“earned PSUs”) at the end of the performance period will be determined based on the percentile rank of the COPT’s total shareholder return relative to a peer group of companies, as set forth in the following schedule:
Percentile Rank |  | Earned PSUs Payout %
75th or greater |  | 200% of PSUs granted
50th or greater |  | 100% of PSUs granted
25th |  | 50% of PSUs granted
Below 25th |  | 0% of PSUs granted
If the percentile rank exceeds the 25th percentile and is between two of the percentile ranks set forth in the table above, then the percentage of the earned PSUs will be interpolated between the ranges set forth in the table above to reflect any performance between the listed percentiles. At the end of the performance period, we, in settlement of the award, will issue a number of fully-vested COPT common shares equal to the sum of:
• | the number of earned PSUs in settlement of the award plan; plus
• | the aggregate dividends that would have been paid with respect to the common shares issued in settlement of the earned PSUs through the date of settlement had such shares been issued on the grant date, divided by the share price on such settlement date, as defined under the terms of the agreement.
If a performance period ends due to a sale event or qualified termination, the number of earned PSUs is prorated based on the portion of the three-year performance period that has elapsed. If employment is terminated by the employee or by us for cause, all PSUs are forfeited. PSUs do not carry voting rights. We computed grant date fair values for PSUs using Monte Carlo models and are recognizing these values over three-year periods that commenced on the respective grant dates. The grant date fair value and certain of the assumptions used in the Monte Carlo models for the PSUs granted in 2011, 2012 and 2013 are set forth below:
|  | For the Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011
Grant date fair value |  | $ | 26.84 |  |  | $ | 32.77 |  |  | $ | 49.15 |
Baseline common share value |  | $ | 25.85 |  |  | $ | 24.39 |  |  | $ | 35.17 |
Expected volatility of common shares |  | 29.5 | % |  | 43.2 | % |  | 61.1 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  | 0.33 | % |  | 0.41 | % |  | 1.32 | %
The following table summarizes option transactions under the share-based compensation plans for 2011, 2012 and 2013 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
|  | Shares |  | Range of Exercise Price per Share |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in Years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2010 |  | 1,188,284 |  |  | $9.54 - $57.00 |  | $ | 33.07 |  |  | 5 |  | $ | 7,987 |
Forfeited/Expired – 2011 |  | (51,598 | ) |  | $22.49 - $50.59 |  | $ | 42.82 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised – 2011 |  | (191,264 | ) |  | $9.54 - $30.25 |  | $ | 12.82 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2011 |  | 945,422 |  |  | $13.40 - $57.00 |  | $ | 36.63 |  |  | 4 |  | $ | 510 |
Forfeited/Expired – 2012 |  | (85,588 | ) |  | $25.52 - $57.00 |  | $ | 42.98 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised – 2012 |  | (61,624 | ) |  | $13.40 - $22.49 |  | $ | 15.08 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2012 |  | 798,210 |  |  | $13.60 - $57.00 |  | $ | 37.62 |  |  | 3 |  | $ | 325 |
Forfeited/Expired – 2013 |  | (117,952 | ) |  | $18.08 - $51.62 |  | $ | 40.91 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised – 2013 |  | (39,331 | ) |  | $13.60 - $26.24 |  | $ | 19.67 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2013 |  | 640,927 |  |  | $19.63 - $56.00 |  | $ | 38.11 |  |  | 2 |  | $ | 68 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2011 |  | 945,422 |  |  | (1) |  | $ | 36.63 |  |  |  |  |
Exercisable at December 31, 2012 |  | 798,210 |  |  | (2) |  | $ | 37.62 |  |  |  |  |
Exercisable at December 31, 2013 |  | 640,927 |  |  | (3) |  | $ | 38.11 |  |  |  |  |
(1) | 53,957 of these options had an exercise price ranging from $13.40 to $16.73; 225,903 had an exercise price ranging from $16.74 to $30.04; 198,762 had an exercise price ranging from $30.05 to $41.28; and 466,800 had an exercise price ranging from $41.29 to $57.00.
(2) | 9,500 of these options had an exercise price ranging from $13.60 to $16.73; 204,736 had an exercise price ranging from $16.74 to $30.04; 180,962 had an exercise price ranging from $30.05 to $41.28; and 403,012 had an exercise price ranging from $41.29 to $57.00.
(3) | 171,288 of these options had an exercise price ranging from $19.63 to $30.04; 145,187 had an exercise price ranging from$30.05 to $41.28; 160,402 had an exercise price ranging from $41.29 to $42.74; and 164,050 had an exercise price ranging from $42.75 to $56.00.
The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $258,000 in 2013, $553,000 in 2012 and $4.0 million in 2011. We own a taxable REIT subsidiary that is subject to Federal and state income taxes. We realized a windfall tax (loss) benefit of $(122,000) in 2013, $43,000 in 2012 and $47,000 in 2011 on options exercised and vesting restricted shares in connection with employees of that subsidiary. The table below sets forth our reporting for share based compensation expense (in thousands):
|  | For the Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011
General, administrative and leasing expenses |  | $ | 5,412 |  |  | $ | 8,611 |  |  | $ | 9,077 |
Property operating expenses |  | 1,118 |  |  | 1,371 |  |  | 2,843 |
Capitalized to development activities |  | 1,075 |  |  | 1,202 |  |  | 2,347 |
Share-based compensation expense |  | $ | 7,605 |  |  | $ | 11,184 |  |  | $ | 14,267 |
The amounts included in our consolidated statements of operations for share-based compensation reflected an estimate of pre-vesting forfeitures of: 0% for all PSUs; 0% to 5% for restricted shares for 2013 and 2012; and 0% to 4% for restricted shares for 2011. As of December 31, 2013, all of our options are vested and fully expensed. As of December 31, 2013, there was $6.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted shares that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately two years. As of December 31, 2013, there was $2.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to PSUs that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average performance period of approximately two years. 401(k) Plan We have a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering substantially all of our employees that permits participants to contribute up to 90% of their compensation, as defined in the Plan, per pay period on a before-tax basis or after-tax basis, or a combination of both, subject to limitations under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 ( the “IRC”), as amended. Participants who are 50 years of age or older by the end of a particular plan year and have contributed the maximum 401(k) deferral amount allowed under the plan for that year are eligible to contribute an additional portion of their annual compensation on a before-tax basis as catch-up contributions, up to the annual limit under the IRC. We match 100% of the first 1% of pre-tax and/or after-tax contributions that participants contribute to the plan and 50% of the next 5% in participant contributions to the plan (representing an aggregate match by us of 3.5% on the first 6% of participant pre-tax and/or after-tax contributions to the plan). Participants’ contributions are fully vested. Participants are 50% vested in matching contributions after one year of credited service and 100% vested after two years of credited service. We fund all contributions with cash. In 2013, 2012 and 2011, our matching contributions under the plan totaled approximately $1.1 million each year. The 401(k) plan is fully funded as of December 31, 2013. Deferred Compensation Plan COPT has a non-qualified elective deferred compensation plan for certain members of our management team that permits participants to defer up to 100% of their compensation on a pre-tax basis and receive a tax-deferred return on such deferrals. The balance of the plan, which was fully funded, totaled $7.5 million as of December 31, 2013 and $6.8 million as of December 31, 2012, and is included in the accompanying COPT consolidated balance sheets.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5047-113901 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6406099&loc=d3e25284-112666 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 40 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6418621&loc=d3e17540-113929 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5444-113901 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 14 + Details
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